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Animal Animal Farm Farm By George By George Orwell Orwell “All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others.” Allegory - Satire - Fable Presented by : Mohammed Sabri Bamerni ( Prime_Metin)
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Animal farm

Dec 05, 2014

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Mr. Jones the farmer is a drunk and cruel tyrant, and one day the animals on his farm have had enough of him, so they take over the farm and kick him out. They set up a government of their own. It starts out as an egalitarian government, where all animals are equal, but as time progresses it turns into a regime as repressive and totalitarian as that of Mr. Jones. Their new motto is "All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others." In the end they become a drunk tyrant just like Mr. Jones, so the revolution was not revolution at all.
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Page 1: Animal farm

Animal Animal FarmFarmBy George By George OrwellOrwell

“All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others.”

Allegory - Satire - Fable

Presented by :

Mohammed Sabri Bamerni

( Prime_Metin)

Page 2: Animal farm

Animal Farm in briefAnimal Farm in brief It was written in 1940's. It's an allegory of the It was written in 1940's. It's an allegory of the

Russian revolution, on how communism doesn't Russian revolution, on how communism doesn't work. In the story, a bunch of farm animals work. In the story, a bunch of farm animals overthrow the farmer who treated them badly. overthrow the farmer who treated them badly. They set up an ideal society in which all the They set up an ideal society in which all the animals are equal, and all work for the benefit of animals are equal, and all work for the benefit of each other (basically a communist society). The each other (basically a communist society). The pigs take a leadership position, even though pigs take a leadership position, even though technically all the animals are equal. One pig, technically all the animals are equal. One pig, Napoleon, who is power hungry, kicks out his co-Napoleon, who is power hungry, kicks out his co-leader, Snowball, and then becomes a tyrant. He leader, Snowball, and then becomes a tyrant. He mistreats the other animals in a similar way as the mistreats the other animals in a similar way as the farmer mistreated them. The animals are back to farmer mistreated them. The animals are back to square one, and no improvement has been made.square one, and no improvement has been made.

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Why Animals?Why Animals? In explaining how he came to write In explaining how he came to write Animal Animal

FarmFarm, Orwell says he once saw a little boy , Orwell says he once saw a little boy whipping(beating horse by whip) a horse and whipping(beating horse by whip) a horse and later he wrote, later he wrote, ““It struck me that if only such animals became It struck me that if only such animals became

aware of their strength we should have no power aware of their strength we should have no power over them, and that men exploit(use) animals in over them, and that men exploit(use) animals in much the same way as the rich exploit the much the same way as the rich exploit the [worker].”[worker].”

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What is Animal Farm?What is Animal Farm? A masterpiece of political satire, A masterpiece of political satire, Animal Animal

FarmFarm is a tale of oppressed individuals who is a tale of oppressed individuals who long for freedom but ultimately are long for freedom but ultimately are corrupted by assuming(arrogant) the very corrupted by assuming(arrogant) the very power that had originally power that had originally oppressed(tyrannized) them. oppressed(tyrannized) them.

The story traces(sketches, describes) the The story traces(sketches, describes) the deplorable(miserable) conditions of deplorable(miserable) conditions of mistreated animals who can speak and who mistreated animals who can speak and who exhibit(present) many human exhibit(present) many human characteristics(features). After extreme characteristics(features). After extreme negligence(carelessness) by their owner, negligence(carelessness) by their owner, the animals revolt and expel(drive out) Mr. the animals revolt and expel(drive out) Mr. Jones and his wife from the farm. Jones and his wife from the farm.

The tale of the society the animals form The tale of the society the animals form into a totalitarian(tyranny) regime is into a totalitarian(tyranny) regime is generally viewed as Orwell's critique(critic generally viewed as Orwell's critique(critic review) of the communist system in the review) of the communist system in the former Soviet Union.former Soviet Union.

Interesting Fact: Orwell initially Interesting Fact: Orwell initially struggled to find a publisher for struggled to find a publisher for Animal FarmAnimal Farm..

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Significance(importance) Significance(importance) TodayToday But why – now that Soviet Communism But why – now that Soviet Communism

has fallen and the Cold War is over –does has fallen and the Cold War is over –does Animal FarmAnimal Farm deserve our attention? The deserve our attention? The answer lies in the power of allegory. answer lies in the power of allegory. Allegorical fables, because they require Allegorical fables, because they require us to make comparisons and us to make comparisons and connections, can be meaningful to any connections, can be meaningful to any reader in any historical period. The story reader in any historical period. The story of of Animal FarmAnimal Farm will always have lessons will always have lessons to teach us about the ways that people to teach us about the ways that people abuse power and manipulate others.abuse power and manipulate others.

Orwell's chilling(bitter) story of the Orwell's chilling(bitter) story of the betrayal of idealism(utopian) through betrayal of idealism(utopian) through tyranny and corruption is as fresh and tyranny and corruption is as fresh and relevant today as when it was first relevant today as when it was first published in 1945.published in 1945.

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When History and Literature When History and Literature MergeMerge

Critics often consider Animal Farm to be an Critics often consider Animal Farm to be an allegory of the Russian Revolution. In the allegory of the Russian Revolution. In the early 1900s, Russia’s Czar Nicholas II faced early 1900s, Russia’s Czar Nicholas II faced an increasingly discontented an increasingly discontented populace(offended people). Freed from populace(offended people). Freed from feudal serfdom(slavery) in 1861, many feudal serfdom(slavery) in 1861, many Russian peasants(farmers) were struggling Russian peasants(farmers) were struggling to survive under an oppressive(unfair, to survive under an oppressive(unfair, tyrannical) government. By 1917, tyrannical) government. By 1917, amidst(among) the tremendous(terrible) amidst(among) the tremendous(terrible) suffering of World War I, a revolution suffering of World War I, a revolution began. In two major battles, the Czar’s began. In two major battles, the Czar’s government was overthrown and replaced government was overthrown and replaced by the Bolshevik leadership of Vladimir by the Bolshevik leadership of Vladimir Lenin. When Lenin died in 1924, his former Lenin. When Lenin died in 1924, his former colleagues Leon Trotsky, hero of the early colleagues Leon Trotsky, hero of the early Revolution, and Joseph Stalin, head of the Revolution, and Joseph Stalin, head of the Communist Party, struggled for power. Communist Party, struggled for power. Stalin won the battle, and he Stalin won the battle, and he deported(banished) Trotsky into permanent deported(banished) Trotsky into permanent exile(banishment).exile(banishment).

Czar Nicholas IIVladimir Lenin

Joseph Stalin Leon Trotsky

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Animalism = CommunismAnimalism = Communism AnimalismAnimalism

Taught by Old MajorTaught by Old Major No rich, but no poorNo rich, but no poor Better life for Better life for

workersworkers All animals are All animals are

equalequal Everyone owns the Everyone owns the

farmfarm

CommunismCommunism Invented by Karl Invented by Karl

MarxMarx All people are equalAll people are equal Government owns Government owns

everythingeverything People own the People own the

governmentgovernment

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Animal Farm Revolution = Russian Animal Farm Revolution = Russian RevolutionRevolution

Animal Farm Animal Farm RevolutionRevolution Was supposed to make Was supposed to make

life better for all, but . . .life better for all, but . . . Life was worse at the end.Life was worse at the end. The leaders became the The leaders became the

same as, or worse than same as, or worse than the other farmers the other farmers (humans) they rebelled (humans) they rebelled against.against.

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution Was supposed to fix Was supposed to fix

the problems created the problems created by the Czar, but . . .by the Czar, but . . .

Life was even worse Life was even worse after the revolution.after the revolution.

Stalin made the Czar Stalin made the Czar look like a nice guy.look like a nice guy.

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George OrwellGeorge OrwellBritish Author & JournalistBritish Author & Journalist

1903-19501903-1950 Born in IndiaBorn in India

At that time India was a part of the British Empire, and At that time India was a part of the British Empire, and Blair's father, Richard, held a post as an agent in the Blair's father, Richard, held a post as an agent in the Opium(kind of drugs) Department of the Indian Civil Opium(kind of drugs) Department of the Indian Civil Service. Service.

The Blair family was not very wealthy - Orwell later The Blair family was not very wealthy - Orwell later described them ironically as "lower-upper-middle class". described them ironically as "lower-upper-middle class". They owned no property, had no extensive investments; They owned no property, had no extensive investments; they were like many middle-class English families of the they were like many middle-class English families of the time, totally dependent on the British Empire for their time, totally dependent on the British Empire for their livelihood(living) and prospects. livelihood(living) and prospects.

Noted as a novelist and critic, as well as a political and Noted as a novelist and critic, as well as a political and cultural commentatorcultural commentator

One of the most widely admired English-language essayists of One of the most widely admired English-language essayists of the 20th centurythe 20th century

Best known for two novels critical of totalitarianism in Best known for two novels critical of totalitarianism in general, and Stalinism in particular:general, and Stalinism in particular: Animal FarmAnimal Farm Nineteen Eighty-FourNineteen Eighty-Four “Liberty is telling people what they do not want to hear.”

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19841984 The novel, published in The novel, published in

1949, takes place in 1949, takes place in 1984 and presents an 1984 and presents an imaginary future where imaginary future where a totalitarian state a totalitarian state controls every aspect controls every aspect of life, even people's of life, even people's thoughts. The state is thoughts. The state is called Oceania and is called Oceania and is ruled by a group known ruled by a group known as the Party; its leader as the Party; its leader and dictator is Big and dictator is Big Brother.Brother.

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George Orwell and His BeliefsGeorge Orwell and His Beliefs Orwell was a person who had a reputation for standing apart and Orwell was a person who had a reputation for standing apart and

even making a virtue of his detachment(independence in opinion).even making a virtue of his detachment(independence in opinion). This “outsider” position often led him to oppose the crowd(people This “outsider” position often led him to oppose the crowd(people

whom work with).whom work with). Orwell’s beliefs about politics were affected by his experiences Orwell’s beliefs about politics were affected by his experiences

fighting in the Spanish Civil War.fighting in the Spanish Civil War. He viewed socialists, communists, and fascists as repressive and He viewed socialists, communists, and fascists as repressive and

self-serving.self-serving. He was skeptical(doubt) of governments and their willingness to He was skeptical(doubt) of governments and their willingness to

forsake(leave) ideas in favor of power.forsake(leave) ideas in favor of power.

Interesting Fact: Interesting Fact: George Orwell’s real name was Eric Blair.George Orwell’s real name was Eric Blair.

Page 12: Animal farm

George Orwell in George Orwell in IndiaIndia

He was born in India and He was born in India and spent his early years spent his early years there since his father there since his father held a post there. held a post there. He was a lonely boy who He was a lonely boy who

liked to make up stories liked to make up stories and talk with imaginary and talk with imaginary companions.companions.

As an adult, he worked As an adult, he worked for the Imperial Police in for the Imperial Police in British occupied India.British occupied India.

Page 13: Animal farm

WorkWork Orwell joined the police in Burma, where he had Orwell joined the police in Burma, where he had

family connections. In 1924 he was promoted. In family connections. In 1924 he was promoted. In 1927 he contracted Dengue fever: in light of this he 1927 he contracted Dengue fever: in light of this he was allowed to return to England. It was at this was allowed to return to England. It was at this time that he resigned from the police force with the time that he resigned from the police force with the intention of focusing on writing. It was this time in intention of focusing on writing. It was this time in Burma that provided the inspiration for Orwell’s Burma that provided the inspiration for Orwell’s first novel, Burmese Days, published in 1934.first novel, Burmese Days, published in 1934.

Orwell took a job as a teacher in England, after Orwell took a job as a teacher in England, after living in Paris for a short time. It was a small school living in Paris for a short time. It was a small school and allowed Orwell to focus on his writing. He was and allowed Orwell to focus on his writing. He was contributing on a regular basis to the magazine contributing on a regular basis to the magazine New Adelphi, where his essay "A Hanging" first New Adelphi, where his essay "A Hanging" first appeared.appeared.

Orwell, after suffering with pneumonia, would take Orwell, after suffering with pneumonia, would take a part-time job working in a book shop in a part-time job working in a book shop in Hampstead.Hampstead.

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WarWar When the Spanish Civil war began, Orwell When the Spanish Civil war began, Orwell

volunteered to fight for the republicans volunteered to fight for the republicans against the uprising. He was injured after against the uprising. He was injured after being shot in the neck by a sniper's bullet; being shot in the neck by a sniper's bullet; following this he and his new wife, Eileen following this he and his new wife, Eileen O’Shaughnessy, left Spain to return to O’Shaughnessy, left Spain to return to England.England.

DeathDeath Orwell became seriously ill around this time, Orwell became seriously ill around this time,

suffering with tuberculosis. Orwell had been suffering with tuberculosis. Orwell had been courting Sonia Brownell and married her courting Sonia Brownell and married her while in hospital in October 1949. By while in hospital in October 1949. By Christmas Orwell was very weak and in Christmas Orwell was very weak and in January of 1950, aged 46, he died. In January of 1950, aged 46, he died. In accordance with his wishes, Orwell was accordance with his wishes, Orwell was buried. He lies in All Saint’s Churchyard in buried. He lies in All Saint’s Churchyard in Oxford, as it was impossible for him to be Oxford, as it was impossible for him to be buried in London.buried in London.

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CharactersCharacters Old MajorOld Major

An old boar whose speech about An old boar whose speech about the evils perpetrated(have done) the evils perpetrated(have done) by humans rouses(awakes)the by humans rouses(awakes)the animals into rebelling.animals into rebelling.

His philosophy concerning the His philosophy concerning the tyranny of Man is named tyranny of Man is named Animalism. Animalism.

He teaches the animals the song He teaches the animals the song “Beasts of England”“Beasts of England”

Dies before revolutionDies before revolution

Karl MarxKarl Marx The inventor of The inventor of

communismcommunism Wants to unite the Wants to unite the

working class to working class to overthrow the overthrow the government.government.

Dies before the Russian Dies before the Russian RevolutionRevolution

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Who is Karl Marx?Who is Karl Marx? Many of the ideals behind the Many of the ideals behind the

Soviet revolution were based on Soviet revolution were based on the writings and teachings of Karl the writings and teachings of Karl Marx. A German intellectual who Marx. A German intellectual who lived in the mid-1800s, Marx lived in the mid-1800s, Marx believed that societies are divided believed that societies are divided into two segments, a working into two segments, a working class and an owner class. The class and an owner class. The working class creates all the working class creates all the products, while the owner class products, while the owner class enjoys all the benefits of these enjoys all the benefits of these products. This class division leads products. This class division leads to inequality and oppression to inequality and oppression (tyranny , injustice) of the working (tyranny , injustice) of the working class. Marx’s objective was to class. Marx’s objective was to create a classless society in which create a classless society in which the work is shared by all for the the work is shared by all for the benefit of all, and he believed benefit of all, and he believed revolution was the way to achieve revolution was the way to achieve this goal.this goal.

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Napoleon = Joseph StalinNapoleon = Joseph Stalin NapoleonNapoleon

Boar who leads the Boar who leads the rebellion against Farmer rebellion against Farmer JonesJones

After the rebellion’s After the rebellion’s success, he systematically success, he systematically begins to control all begins to control all aspects of the farm until he aspects of the farm until he is an undisputed(no one is an undisputed(no one stand against him) tyrant.stand against him) tyrant.

Joseph StainJoseph Stain The communist dictator of The communist dictator of

the Soviet Union from the Soviet Union from 1922-1953 who killed all 1922-1953 who killed all who opposed him.who opposed him.

He loved power and used He loved power and used the KGB (secret police) to the KGB (secret police) to enforce his enforce his ruthless(unmerciful), ruthless(unmerciful), corrupt anticscorrupt antics. .

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Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin Once in power, Stalin began, with Once in power, Stalin began, with

despotic(tyranny) urgency and despotic(tyranny) urgency and exalted(glorified) nationalism, to move exalted(glorified) nationalism, to move the Soviet Union into the modern the Soviet Union into the modern industrial age. His government industrial age. His government seized(captured) land in order to create seized(captured) land in order to create collective(group) farms. Stalin’s Five Year collective(group) farms. Stalin’s Five Year Plan was an attempt(try, effort) to Plan was an attempt(try, effort) to modernize Soviet industry. Many modernize Soviet industry. Many peasants(farmers) refused to give up peasants(farmers) refused to give up their land, so to counter resistance Stalin their land, so to counter resistance Stalin used vicious(evil) military tactics. Rigged used vicious(evil) military tactics. Rigged trials led to executions of an estimated 20 trials led to executions of an estimated 20 million government officials and ordinary million government officials and ordinary citizens. The government controlled the citizens. The government controlled the flow and content of information to the flow and content of information to the people, and all but outlawed churches.people, and all but outlawed churches.

Joseph Stalin

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Snowball = Leon TrotskySnowball = Leon Trotsky SnowballSnowball

Boar who becomes one of Boar who becomes one of the rebellion’s most the rebellion’s most valuable leaders. valuable leaders.

After drawing complicated After drawing complicated plans for the construction plans for the construction of a windmill, he is chased of a windmill, he is chased off of the farm forever by off of the farm forever by Napoleon’s dogs and Napoleon’s dogs and thereafter used as a thereafter used as a scapegoat for the animals’ scapegoat for the animals’ troubles.troubles.

Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky A pure communist A pure communist

leader who was leader who was influenced by the influenced by the teachings of Karl Marx. teachings of Karl Marx.

He wanted to improve He wanted to improve life for people in Russia, life for people in Russia, but was driven away by but was driven away by Lenin’s KGBLenin’s KGB..

Page 20: Animal farm

Farmer Jones = Czar Farmer Jones = Czar Nicholas IINicholas II

Farmer JonesFarmer Jones The irresponsible owner The irresponsible owner

of the farmof the farm Lets his animals Lets his animals

starve(feel hungry) and starve(feel hungry) and beats them with a whipbeats them with a whip

Sometimes shows Sometimes shows random kindnessrandom kindness

Czar Nicholas IICzar Nicholas II Weak Russian leader Weak Russian leader

during the early 1900s during the early 1900s Often cruel and Often cruel and

brutal(harsh) to his brutal(harsh) to his subjectssubjects

Displays Displays isolated(seperated) isolated(seperated) kindnesskindness

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Squealer & BoxerSquealer & Boxer SquealerSquealer        

A big mouth pig who becomes Napoleon’s mouthpiece. A big mouth pig who becomes Napoleon’s mouthpiece. Throughout the novel, he displays his ability to Throughout the novel, he displays his ability to manipulate(treat in proficiency) the animals’ thoughts manipulate(treat in proficiency) the animals’ thoughts through the use of hollow(tell lies), yet convincing through the use of hollow(tell lies), yet convincing rhetoric.rhetoric.

Represents the propaganda department that worked to Represents the propaganda department that worked to support Stalin’s image; the members of the department support Stalin’s image; the members of the department would use lies to convince the people to follow Stalin.would use lies to convince the people to follow Stalin.

BoxerBoxer         A dedicated but dim-witted(stupid) horse who A dedicated but dim-witted(stupid) horse who

aids(assists) in the building of the windmill but is sold to aids(assists) in the building of the windmill but is sold to a glue-boiler after collapsing(crash down) from a glue-boiler after collapsing(crash down) from exhaustion.exhaustion.

Represents the dedicated, but tricked(cheated) Represents the dedicated, but tricked(cheated) communist supporters of Stalin. Many stayed loyal communist supporters of Stalin. Many stayed loyal even after it was obvious(clear) Stalin was a tyrant. even after it was obvious(clear) Stalin was a tyrant. Eventually(finaly) they were betrayed, ignored, and Eventually(finaly) they were betrayed, ignored, and even killed by him.even killed by him.

Boxer

Squealer

Page 22: Animal farm

Jessie & MosesJessie & Moses JessieJessie

The farm's sheepdog, she keeps tabs on The farm's sheepdog, she keeps tabs on the pigs and is among the first to the pigs and is among the first to suspect that something is wrong at suspect that something is wrong at Animal Farm.Animal Farm.

Moses Moses        A tame(domesticated) raven and A tame(domesticated) raven and

sometimes-pet of Jones who tells the sometimes-pet of Jones who tells the animals stories about a paradise called animals stories about a paradise called Sugar-candy Mountain.Sugar-candy Mountain.

Moses represents religion. Stalin used Moses represents religion. Stalin used religious principles to influence(affect religious principles to influence(affect on) people to work and to avoid revolt.on) people to work and to avoid revolt.

Jessie

Moses

Page 23: Animal farm

More CharactersMore CharactersPilkington Pilkington

Jones' neighbor, The easygoing gentleman farmer who runs Foxwood, a Jones' neighbor, The easygoing gentleman farmer who runs Foxwood, a neighboring farm. Mr. Frederick’s bitter enemy, Mr. Pilkington represents neighboring farm. Mr. Frederick’s bitter enemy, Mr. Pilkington represents

the capitalist governments of England and the United States.the capitalist governments of England and the United States.Mr. FrederickMr. Frederick  

The tough, shrewd operator of Pinchfield, a neighboring farm. Based on The tough, shrewd operator of Pinchfield, a neighboring farm. Based on Adolf Hitler, the ruler of Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s, Mr. Adolf Hitler, the ruler of Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s, Mr.

Frederick proves an untrustworthy neighbor.Frederick proves an untrustworthy neighbor.MollieMollie

A vain horse who resists the animal rebellion because she doesn't want to A vain horse who resists the animal rebellion because she doesn't want to give up the petting and treats she receives from humans. Mollie give up the petting and treats she receives from humans. Mollie

represents vain, selfish people in Russia and throughout the world who represents vain, selfish people in Russia and throughout the world who ignored the revolution and sought residence in more inviting countries.ignored the revolution and sought residence in more inviting countries.

BenjaminBenjaminThe most cynical(ironical) of all the animals, the farm's donkey doubts the The most cynical(ironical) of all the animals, the farm's donkey doubts the

leadership of the pigs but is faithfully devoted to Boxer. Benjamin leadership of the pigs but is faithfully devoted to Boxer. Benjamin represents all the skeptical people in Russia and elsewhere who weren’t represents all the skeptical people in Russia and elsewhere who weren’t

sure revolution would change anything.sure revolution would change anything.The SheepThe Sheep

Not tremendously clever, the sheep remind themselves of the principles of Not tremendously clever, the sheep remind themselves of the principles of animalism by chanting "four legs good, two legs bad." animalism by chanting "four legs good, two legs bad."

The DogsThe DogsNapoleon’s private army that used fear to force the animals to work; they Napoleon’s private army that used fear to force the animals to work; they

killed any opponent of Napoleon. The dogs represent Stalin’s loyal KGB killed any opponent of Napoleon. The dogs represent Stalin’s loyal KGB (secret police). The KGB were not really police, but mercenaries used to (secret police). The KGB were not really police, but mercenaries used to

force support for Stalin.force support for Stalin.

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Plot SummaryPlot Summary The story is set on the Manor Farm, The story is set on the Manor Farm,

owned and operated by Mr. Jones.owned and operated by Mr. Jones. One night the prize(something deserves One night the prize(something deserves

to struggle for it) boar(male pig), Old to struggle for it) boar(male pig), Old Major, tells all the other farm animals he Major, tells all the other farm animals he has realized that the misery of their daily has realized that the misery of their daily lives is all due to the tyranny of human lives is all due to the tyranny of human beings, and that if they work to beings, and that if they work to overthrow(defeat) the humans their lives overthrow(defeat) the humans their lives will become easy and comfortable.will become easy and comfortable.

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Plot SummaryPlot Summary After Old Major dies, the pigs (led by After Old Major dies, the pigs (led by

the two boars Snowball and Napoleon) the two boars Snowball and Napoleon) start teaching his ideas (which they start teaching his ideas (which they develop into a system of thought called develop into a system of thought called Animalism) to the other animals. A few Animalism) to the other animals. A few months later, Mr. Jones gets drunk and months later, Mr. Jones gets drunk and forgets to feed the animals, who forgets to feed the animals, who become so hungry that they rebel and become so hungry that they rebel and drive the human beings off the farm. drive the human beings off the farm. They rename the farm 'Animal Farm' They rename the farm 'Animal Farm' and write the Seven Commandments and write the Seven Commandments of Animalism up on the wall of the of Animalism up on the wall of the barn(fold, store for animals food). Jones barn(fold, store for animals food). Jones comes back with a group of armed comes back with a group of armed men and tries to recapture the farm, men and tries to recapture the farm, but the animals, led by Snowball, but the animals, led by Snowball, defeat the men.defeat the men.

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Plot SummaryPlot Summary Snowball and Napoleon argue Snowball and Napoleon argue

constantly(never stopping) over plans for constantly(never stopping) over plans for the future of the farm, never able to agree the future of the farm, never able to agree - especially over a windmill which Snowball - especially over a windmill which Snowball wants to build to provide the farm with wants to build to provide the farm with electric power, and which Napoleon electric power, and which Napoleon ridicules. Napoleon calls in nine dogs ridicules. Napoleon calls in nine dogs whom he has specially trained and they whom he has specially trained and they chase Snowball off the farm. Squealer, the chase Snowball off the farm. Squealer, the very persuasive pig(able to persuade very persuasive pig(able to persuade other) who relays(broadcasts) most of other) who relays(broadcasts) most of Napoleon's decisions to the other animals, Napoleon's decisions to the other animals, tells them that Snowball was a traitor in tells them that Snowball was a traitor in league(union, alliance) with Jones, and league(union, alliance) with Jones, and that the windmill was really Napoleon's that the windmill was really Napoleon's idea anyway and will go ahead.idea anyway and will go ahead.

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Plot SummaryPlot Summary The animals work hard - work on The animals work hard - work on

the windmill is slow and they the windmill is slow and they rely(depend) heavily on Boxer the rely(depend) heavily on Boxer the cart-horse(strong horse suitable cart-horse(strong horse suitable for heavy work), who is very for heavy work), who is very strong and hard-working. strong and hard-working. Napoleon begins trading with Napoleon begins trading with nearby farms, and the pigs move nearby farms, and the pigs move into the farmhouse(Mr.Jones's into the farmhouse(Mr.Jones's house) and sleep in the beds there house) and sleep in the beds there - even though sleeping in beds like - even though sleeping in beds like humans was forbidden by the humans was forbidden by the original principles(rules) of original principles(rules) of Animalism.Animalism.

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Plot SummaryPlot Summary The winter is difficult - the animals The winter is difficult - the animals

have little food. Napoleon and have little food. Napoleon and Squealer blame Snowball for Squealer blame Snowball for everything that goes wrong on the everything that goes wrong on the farm, from bad crops(harvest, farm, from bad crops(harvest, product) to blocked product) to blocked drains(consumes). Then Napoleon's drains(consumes). Then Napoleon's dogs attack four pigs, who then dogs attack four pigs, who then confess to plotting(conspiracy) with confess to plotting(conspiracy) with Snowball and start a series of Snowball and start a series of confessions of various 'crimes' from confessions of various 'crimes' from other animals - all of those who other animals - all of those who confess are slaughtered(was slaying) confess are slaughtered(was slaying) by the dogs, leaving the survivors by the dogs, leaving the survivors shaken(trembled) and shaken(trembled) and miserable(hopeless).miserable(hopeless).

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Plot SummaryPlot Summary The windmill is finally completed and to get The windmill is finally completed and to get

money to buy the machinery for it, money to buy the machinery for it, Napoleon decides to sell a pile(pack, heap) Napoleon decides to sell a pile(pack, heap) of timber(wood of trees) - after of timber(wood of trees) - after wavering(hesitation) between the two wavering(hesitation) between the two neighboring farmers Pilkington and neighboring farmers Pilkington and Frederick, he sells it to Frederick only to Frederick, he sells it to Frederick only to discover that he has been paid with discover that he has been paid with worthless(silly, valueless) forged(fake) worthless(silly, valueless) forged(fake) banknotes(currency). Frederick and his banknotes(currency). Frederick and his men then come on to the farm and men then come on to the farm and blow(blast) the windmill to pieces with blow(blast) the windmill to pieces with explosives, although the animals manage explosives, although the animals manage to drive them off the farm again after a to drive them off the farm again after a bloody battle. A few days later the pigs find bloody battle. A few days later the pigs find a case of whisky(alcohol) in the farmhouse a case of whisky(alcohol) in the farmhouse cellar(underground store) and get drunk.cellar(underground store) and get drunk.

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Plot SummaryPlot Summary Boxer is injured while working on repairs to the Boxer is injured while working on repairs to the

windmill, and Benjamin notices that the van(the windmill, and Benjamin notices that the van(the great leader) Napoleon calls to send him to the great leader) Napoleon calls to send him to the vet(veterinary doctor), has 'Horse Slaughterer' vet(veterinary doctor), has 'Horse Slaughterer' painted on the side. After Boxer has 'died in painted on the side. After Boxer has 'died in hospital' under care of the vet, the pigs hospital' under care of the vet, the pigs mysteriously(secretly) find money to buy another mysteriously(secretly) find money to buy another case of whiskey.case of whiskey.

After many years, life is just as hard as it ever was. After many years, life is just as hard as it ever was. The pigs start walking on two legs. None of the old The pigs start walking on two legs. None of the old Commandments(rules) are left on the barn wall. A Commandments(rules) are left on the barn wall. A group of human farmers come to see the farm, group of human farmers come to see the farm, they quarrel(fight) with the pigs over a game of they quarrel(fight) with the pigs over a game of cards - and the animals discover they can no cards - and the animals discover they can no longer tell which is human and which is pig.longer tell which is human and which is pig.

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ThemesThemes Conflict and resolutionConflict and resolution::   There are many conflicts in Animal Farm and I There are many conflicts in Animal Farm and I

will write about the two that I look at as the will write about the two that I look at as the most important. The first is in the beginning of most important. The first is in the beginning of the book – the rebellion. The animals on the the book – the rebellion. The animals on the farm chase Mr. Jones away and after they have farm chase Mr. Jones away and after they have done that, the problem is solved. The second done that, the problem is solved. The second isn’t solved at all: In the end of the book the isn’t solved at all: In the end of the book the animals see the pigs have a fight with the animals see the pigs have a fight with the humans and they can’t see any difference humans and they can’t see any difference between them. I think a new conflict is created between them. I think a new conflict is created at this moment and you, as the reader, must at this moment and you, as the reader, must guess what happens next.guess what happens next.

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ThemesThemes Utopia/DystopiaUtopia/Dystopia – – Animal Farm was intended to be a Utopia Animal Farm was intended to be a Utopia 

but it became a dystopia when the pigs but it became a dystopia when the pigs changed changed it into a communist society. Old Major's it into a communist society. Old Major's ideas ideas for the perfect society were well placed but for the perfect society were well placed but did not work. Not one animal was really did not work. Not one animal was really equal equal and most were not cared for as should be. and most were not cared for as should be. 

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ThemesThemes False Allegiance(loyalty)False Allegiance(loyalty) A final noteworthy (and again, satiric) theme is the way A final noteworthy (and again, satiric) theme is the way

in which people proclaim their allegiance to each other, in which people proclaim their allegiance to each other, only to betray their true intentions at a later time. only to betray their true intentions at a later time. Directly related to the idea that the rulers of the rebellion Directly related to the idea that the rulers of the rebellion (the pigs) eventually betray the ideals for which they (the pigs) eventually betray the ideals for which they presumably fought, this theme is dramatized in a number presumably fought, this theme is dramatized in a number of relationships involving the novel's human of relationships involving the novel's human characters. characters. PilkingtonPilkington and  and JonesJones;;FrederickFrederick, for example, , for example, only listen to Jones in the Red Lion because they secretly only listen to Jones in the Red Lion because they secretly hope to gain something from their neighbor's misery. hope to gain something from their neighbor's misery. Similarly, Frederick's buying the firewood from Napoleon Similarly, Frederick's buying the firewood from Napoleon seems to form an alliance that is shattered when the pig seems to form an alliance that is shattered when the pig learns of Frederick's forged banknotes. The novel's final learns of Frederick's forged banknotes. The novel's final scene demonstrates that, despite all the.scene demonstrates that, despite all the.

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Allegory (cont’d)Allegory (cont’d) Yet there is no reason that Yet there is no reason that

allegory must be limited to allegory must be limited to two levels. It is possible to two levels. It is possible to argue that argue that Animal FarmAnimal Farm also has a third and more also has a third and more general level of meaning. general level of meaning. For instance, the pigs need For instance, the pigs need not only represent specific not only represent specific tyrannical soviet leaders. tyrannical soviet leaders. They could also be They could also be symbols for tyranny more symbols for tyranny more broadly: their qualities are broadly: their qualities are therefore not simply the therefore not simply the historical characteristics of historical characteristics of a set of actual men but are a set of actual men but are the qualities of all leaders the qualities of all leaders who rely on repression and who rely on repression and manipulation. manipulation.

Squealer, Snowball, & Napoleon

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PropagandaPropaganda The pigs began to spread The pigs began to spread

propaganda to the animals propaganda to the animals when they told them that they when they told them that they were doing well. The animals, were doing well. The animals, being naive, believed every being naive, believed every word of it. Propaganda was word of it. Propaganda was spread to other farms, telling spread to other farms, telling them about how Animal them about how Animal Farm was more prosperous. Farm was more prosperous. They were urged to rebel. They were urged to rebel. The animals also could be The animals also could be indoctrinated indoctrinated using propaganda. using propaganda.

Ex: The sheep bleating. Ex: The sheep bleating.

Boxer

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SatireSatire In a In a satiresatire, the writer , the writer

attacks a serious issue by attacks a serious issue by presenting it in a ridiculous presenting it in a ridiculous light or otherwise poking light or otherwise poking fun at it. Orwell uses satire fun at it. Orwell uses satire to expose what he saw as to expose what he saw as the myth of Soviet the myth of Soviet socialism. Thus, the novel socialism. Thus, the novel tells a story that people of tells a story that people of all ages can understand, all ages can understand, but it also tells us a second but it also tells us a second story— that of the real-life story— that of the real-life revolution. revolution.

Soviet Coat of Arms

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IronyIrony Irony Irony results when there is a results when there is a

disparity between what an audience disparity between what an audience would expect and what really would expect and what really happens. Orwell uses a particular happens. Orwell uses a particular type of irony – dramatic irony. He type of irony – dramatic irony. He relies on the difference between relies on the difference between what the animals understand and what the animals understand and what we, the audience, can what we, the audience, can conclude about the situation at conclude about the situation at Animal Farm. Animal Farm.

We know just what the animals We know just what the animals know, but we can see so much more know, but we can see so much more of its significance than they can. The of its significance than they can. The conclusions we reach that the conclusions we reach that the animals never quite get to – that the animals never quite get to – that the pigs are decadent, corrupt, and pigs are decadent, corrupt, and immoral – are all the more powerful immoral – are all the more powerful because we arrive at them because we arrive at them ourselves, without the narrator ourselves, without the narrator pointing these things out directly. pointing these things out directly.

Napoleon overindulging himself.

Snowball below the commandments.

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Irony (cont’d)Irony (cont’d) Orwell uses dramatic irony Orwell uses dramatic irony

to create a particularly to create a particularly subtle satire. subtle satire. SatireSatire stages stages a critique of an individual, a critique of an individual, group, or idea by group, or idea by exaggerating faults and exaggerating faults and revealing hypocrisies. The revealing hypocrisies. The dramatic irony of dramatic irony of Animal Animal FarmFarm achieves this aim achieves this aim indirectly. We see the indirectly. We see the hypocrisy that the animals hypocrisy that the animals don't and therefore don't and therefore understand in this understand in this backward fashion that the backward fashion that the book is deeply critical of book is deeply critical of the pigs.the pigs.

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ThemesThemes Religion and TyrannyReligion and Tyranny Another theme of Orwell's novel that also strikes a satiric note is Another theme of Orwell's novel that also strikes a satiric note is

the idea of religion being the "opium of the people" (as Karl Marx the idea of religion being the "opium of the people" (as Karl Marx famously wrote). famously wrote). MosesMoses the raven's talk of Sugar-candy Mountain  the raven's talk of Sugar-candy Mountain originally annoys many of the animals, since Moses, known as a originally annoys many of the animals, since Moses, known as a "teller of tales," seems an unreliable(untruthful) source. At this "teller of tales," seems an unreliable(untruthful) source. At this point, the animals are still hopeful for a better future and therefore point, the animals are still hopeful for a better future and therefore dismiss Moses' stories of a paradise elsewhere. As their lives dismiss Moses' stories of a paradise elsewhere. As their lives worsen, however, the animals begin to believe him, because "Their worsen, however, the animals begin to believe him, because "Their lives now, they reasoned, were hungry and laborious(exhausting); lives now, they reasoned, were hungry and laborious(exhausting); Was it not right and just that a better world should exist Was it not right and just that a better world should exist somewhere else?" Here, Orwell mocks(ridicules) the futile(useless) somewhere else?" Here, Orwell mocks(ridicules) the futile(useless) dreaming of a better place that clearly does not exist. The pigs dreaming of a better place that clearly does not exist. The pigs allow Moses to stay on the farm — and even encourage his allow Moses to stay on the farm — and even encourage his presence by rewarding him with beer — because they know that presence by rewarding him with beer — because they know that his stories of Sugar-candy Mountain will keep the animals his stories of Sugar-candy Mountain will keep the animals docile(obedient). Thus Orwell implies that religious devotion( — docile(obedient). Thus Orwell implies that religious devotion( — viewed by many as a noble character trait — can actually distort viewed by many as a noble character trait — can actually distort the ways in which one thinks of his or her life on earth.the ways in which one thinks of his or her life on earth.

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Some definitionsSome definitions Definition of allegoryDefinition of allegory: :

Extending a metaphor through an entire speech Extending a metaphor through an entire speech or passage so that objects, persons, and actions or passage so that objects, persons, and actions in the text are equated with meanings that lie in the text are equated with meanings that lie outside the text.outside the text.

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Thank you for share our Thank you for share our miserable miserable