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A Venture of SEO Web Services
SEO Web [email protected] Mob: +91-9582515180, +91-8447359030Add: 11/393 Laxmi Nagar, Delhi, 110092
What is Android?
Android is a software bunch comprising not only operating systembut also middleware and key applications. Android Inc was founded in Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy Rubin, Rich miner, Nick sears and hris White in 2003. Later Android Inc. was acquired by Google in 2005. After original release there have been number of updates in the original version of Android.
Starting from black and white phones to recent smart phones or mini computers, mobile OS has come far away. Especially for smart phones, Mobile OS has greatly evolved from Palm OS in 1996 to Windows pocketPC in 2000 then to Blackberry OS and Android.
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.
Android Version…
OHA (Open Handset Alliance)
A business alliance consisting of 47 companies to develop open standards for mobile devices
Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.
Android Architecture
Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as shown below in the architecture diagram.
Features & Specifications
Android is a powerful Operating System supporting a large number of applications in Smart Phones. These applications make life more comfortable and advanced for the users. Hardware that support Android are mainly based on ARM architecture platform. Some of the current features and specifications of android are:
Android S/W Stack - Application
Android provides a set of core applications:
Email Client SMS Program Calendar Maps Browser Contacts Etc
All applications are written using the Java language.
Android S/W Stack – App Framework
Enabling and simplifying the reuse of components:
Developers have full access to the same framework APIs used by the core applications.
Users are allowed to replace components.
Android S/W Stack – App Framework (Cont)
Features:
Feature Role
View System
Used to build an application, including lists, grids, textboxes, buttons, and embedded web browser
Content Provider
Enabling applications to access data from other applications or to share their own data
Resource Manager
Providing access to non-code resources (localized strings, graphics, and layout files)
Notification Manager
Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in the status bar
Activity Manager
Managing the lifecycle of applications and providing a common navigation back stack
Android S/W Stack - Libraries
Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by components of the Android system
Exposed to developers through the Android application framework
Android S/W Stack - Runtime
Core Libraries:
Providing most of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java language
APIs Data Structures Utilities File Access Network Access Graphics Etc
Android S/W Stack – Runtime (Cont)
Dalvik Virtual Machine:
Providing environment on which every Android application runs
Each Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik VM.
Dalvik has been written such that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently.
Register-based virtual machine
Android S/W Stack – Runtime (Cont)
Dalvik Virtual Machine (Cont):
Executing the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format .dex format is optimized for minimal memory footprint. Compilation
Relying on the Linux Kernel for:
Threading
Low-level memory management
Android S/W Stack – Linux Kernel
Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services
Memory and Process Management
Network Stack
Driver Model
Security
Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest of the S/W stack
One Simple Example… (Step-1)
One Simple Example… (Step-2)
One Simple Example… (Step-3)
One Simple Example… (Step-4)
Program Complete!!!
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