Ancient Greece It’s all Greek to me?. Greek Contributions OlympicsDemocracy Trial by Jury Theatre- comedy, tragedy, history MedicineMythology.

Ancient GreeceAncient Greece

It’s all Greek to It’s all Greek to me?me?

Greek ContributionsGreek ContributionsOlympicsOlympics

DemocracyDemocracy

Trial by Jury Trial by Jury

Theatre- comedy, tragedy, Theatre- comedy, tragedy, historyhistory

MedicineMedicine

MythologyMythology

Ancient OlympicsAncient Olympics11stst recorded Olympic year was in 776 B.C. recorded Olympic year was in 776 B.C.

Started as a religious ceremony honoring Started as a religious ceremony honoring the Greek God Zeusthe Greek God Zeus

Held at city-state OlympiaHeld at city-state Olympia

Held for about 5 days every 4 yearsHeld for about 5 days every 4 years

Only Greeks could competeOnly Greeks could compete

All Wars stoppedAll Wars stopped

Events were held in nude after 776Events were held in nude after 776

If a person committed a crime they could not If a person committed a crime they could not competecompete

Women had different sites to competeWomen had different sites to compete

Athletes had to qualify at city-state ElisAthletes had to qualify at city-state Elis

City-States chose their athletesCity-States chose their athletes

Day One FootracesDay One Footraces

Day Two PentathlonDay Two Pentathlon

Day Three BoxingDay Three Boxing

Day Four WrestlingDay Four Wrestling

Day Five PancreationDay Five Pancreation

Prizes and Closing CeremoniesPrizes and Closing Ceremonies

Winners won wreath of olive leaves Winners won wreath of olive leaves

Riches awaited the winners win the got back Riches awaited the winners win the got back to the city stateto the city state

Olympics ended by Romans in 394 A.D.Olympics ended by Romans in 394 A.D.

ACHILLESACHILLES

SON OF PELEUS A MORTAL KING AND SON OF PELEUS A MORTAL KING AND THETIS, A SEA NYMPHTHETIS, A SEA NYMPH

DIPPED BY THETIS IN THE RIVER STIX DIPPED BY THETIS IN THE RIVER STIX MAKING HIM INVULNERABLE, EXCEPT MAKING HIM INVULNERABLE, EXCEPT HIS HEELHIS HEEL

GREATEST WARRIOR OF GREATEST WARRIOR OF AGAMENON’S ARMYAGAMENON’S ARMY

WILL BE KILLED BY PARISWILL BE KILLED BY PARIS

TROJAN WARSTROJAN WARSIn Greek mythology, war between Greeks and In Greek mythology, war between Greeks and Trojans. The Trojans. The war's final year forms the Trojans. The Trojans. The war's final year forms the main part of Homer's Iliad. It began when Paris main part of Homer's Iliad. It began when Paris abducted Helen, wife of Menelaus. abducted Helen, wife of Menelaus.       Helen (Helen of Troy) was the daughter of Leda       Helen (Helen of Troy) was the daughter of Leda and Zeus and was reputed to be the most beautiful and Zeus and was reputed to be the most beautiful woman mortal in the world. woman mortal in the world.

      The Trojan War was a fierce battle in which The       The Trojan War was a fierce battle in which The Greeks besieged Troy for nine years. They finally Greeks besieged Troy for nine years. They finally won when, pretending to depart, they left a wooden won when, pretending to depart, they left a wooden horse, which the Trojans took into the city. Warriors horse, which the Trojans took into the city. Warriors hidden in the horse opened the city gates to the hidden in the horse opened the city gates to the Greek army, which sacked Troy. Greek army, which sacked Troy.             All the men and male children were put to death. All the men and male children were put to death. The females were captured as slaves.       The Trojan The females were captured as slaves.       The Trojan War probably reflected a real war c.1200 B.C. over War probably reflected a real war c.1200 B.C. over control of trade in the Dardanelles.control of trade in the Dardanelles.                                    

Greek ReligionGreek ReligionThe Greeks had many The Greeks had many gods in their religiongods in their religionZeus was the supreme Zeus was the supreme god god They all lived on Mt. They all lived on Mt. OlympusOlympusOther main gods were Other main gods were Apollo, Athena, Apollo, Athena, Aphrodite, Eres, Aphrodite, Eres, Poseidon, and Hades.Poseidon, and Hades.All souls went to HadesAll souls went to Hades Some Greeks prayed to Some Greeks prayed to local gods rather than local gods rather than Mt. Olympus.Mt. Olympus.Greeks were not really Greeks were not really united by religionunited by religion

AphroditeAphrodite - Goddess of love, romance, and beauty. Her son was - Goddess of love, romance, and beauty. Her son was Eros, god of Love (though he is not an Olympian.)Eros, god of Love (though he is not an Olympian.)Apollo Apollo - Beautiful god of the sun, light, medicine, and music.- Beautiful god of the sun, light, medicine, and music.AresAres - Dark god of war who loves Aphrodite. - Dark god of war who loves Aphrodite.ArtemisArtemis - Independent goddess of the hunt, the forest, wildlife, - Independent goddess of the hunt, the forest, wildlife, childbirth, and the moon. Sister to Apollo.childbirth, and the moon. Sister to Apollo.AthenaAthena - Daughter of Zeus and goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts. - Daughter of Zeus and goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts. Sometimes spelled "Athene".Sometimes spelled "Athene".Demeter - Goddess of agriculture and mother of Persephone (again, Demeter - Goddess of agriculture and mother of Persephone (again, her offspring is not considered to be an Olympian.) her offspring is not considered to be an Olympian.) Hephaestus - Lame god of fire and the forge. Hephaestus - Lame god of fire and the forge. Sometimes spelled Hephaestus. The Hephaestion near the Sometimes spelled Hephaestus. The Hephaestion near the Acropolis is the most beautifully preserved ancient temple in Acropolis is the most beautifully preserved ancient temple in Greece. Mated to Aphrodite.Greece. Mated to Aphrodite.Hera - Wife of Zeus, protector of marriage, familiar with magic.Hera - Wife of Zeus, protector of marriage, familiar with magic.Hermes - The speedy messenger of the gods, god of business. The Hermes - The speedy messenger of the gods, god of business. The Romans called him Mercury.Romans called him Mercury.Hestia - Calm goddess of home and home life, symbolized by the Hestia - Calm goddess of home and home life, symbolized by the hearth which holds the continually-burning flame.hearth which holds the continually-burning flame.Poseidon - God of the sea, horses, and of earthquakes.Poseidon - God of the sea, horses, and of earthquakes.Zeus - Supreme lord of gods, god of the sky, symbolized by the Zeus - Supreme lord of gods, god of the sky, symbolized by the thunderbolt thunderbolt

No other city has contributed more to No other city has contributed more to the civilization of mankind than the civilization of mankind than Athens. It is the place where Socrates Athens. It is the place where Socrates was born, Plato, Aeschylus, was born, Plato, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides and many Sophocles, Euripides and many others. It is the place that humanism others. It is the place that humanism and democracy were born. The and democracy were born. The intellectual light that Athens created intellectual light that Athens created will always be alive. will always be alive.

Spartan TrainingSpartan TrainingWhen a child was born it was judged within 3 days if it When a child was born it was judged within 3 days if it

would be healthy or unhealthywould be healthy or unhealthyIf unhealthy baby would be taken to junkyard and thrown If unhealthy baby would be taken to junkyard and thrown

to wolvesto wolvesAt age 7 girls start training at home and boys go to At age 7 girls start training at home and boys go to

Palestra, a community training center. Introduced to Palestra, a community training center. Introduced to rigorous trainingrigorous training

At Age 10 boys began to compete in public. Also beating At Age 10 boys began to compete in public. Also beating began. Beaten for 5 hours on their birthday until 16. If began. Beaten for 5 hours on their birthday until 16. If you made any sound you were executed on the spotyou made any sound you were executed on the spot

Spartan TrainingSpartan TrainingAge 12-18 intensive training in running, shooting, Age 12-18 intensive training in running, shooting,

etc. Hand to hand combat emphasizedetc. Hand to hand combat emphasizedAge 18 Young Spartans join secret police to kill any Age 18 Young Spartans join secret police to kill any

slaves who might rebelslaves who might rebelAges 19-24 Frontline SoldiersAges 19-24 Frontline Soldiers If soldier did not bring shield home it was a If soldier did not bring shield home it was a

considered a disgraceconsidered a disgraceAge 24-30 Defended Sparta around Age 24-30 Defended Sparta around

city-state areacity-state areaAges 30-60 In reserve duty. Ages 30-60 In reserve duty.

Could be arrested if not in shapeCould be arrested if not in shape60+ Served Spartan government60+ Served Spartan government

Persian WarsPersian WarsThe Persians and Greeks were fighting The Persians and Greeks were fighting because of land expansionbecause of land expansion

Greeks expanding toward Persians and Greeks expanding toward Persians and Persians expanding toward GreeksPersians expanding toward Greeks

There were three different occasions when the There were three different occasions when the Persians attacked the GreeksPersians attacked the Greeks

11stst Persian War 492 BC was Darius wanted to Persian War 492 BC was Darius wanted to attack Athens but ½ of his navy went off the attack Athens but ½ of his navy went off the coast of Thrace. When he demanded bag of coast of Thrace. When he demanded bag of water and dirt from the city states they ignored water and dirt from the city states they ignored himhim

Persian tactics were to let Persian tactics were to let the enemy get close and the enemy get close and then bury them with a then bury them with a barrage of arrowsbarrage of arrows

Athenians and Spartans Athenians and Spartans favored close quarter favored close quarter fighting with long, heavy fighting with long, heavy spears, sword, and shieldspears, sword, and shield

Persian WarsPersian Wars22ndnd Persian War 490 BC Darius put 48,000 men Persian War 490 BC Darius put 48,000 men on ships and planned to attack Greeceon ships and planned to attack GreeceFighting raged for 8 days, then on the 9Fighting raged for 8 days, then on the 9thth day dayAt the Plains of Marathon 10,000 Athenians At the Plains of Marathon 10,000 Athenians met him and were outnumbered 2-1, “Persians met him and were outnumbered 2-1, “Persians thought they were mad”thought they were mad”In 5 hours the Athenians completely In 5 hours the Athenians completely mutilated Persiansmutilated Persians6400 Dead Persians, only 192 Athenian deaths6400 Dead Persians, only 192 Athenian deathsSent Pheidippides the greatest runner in Sent Pheidippides the greatest runner in Greece to run and tell Athens they’d won. He Greece to run and tell Athens they’d won. He fell dead at 26 miles after delivering the fell dead at 26 miles after delivering the message from heat exhaustion and fighting.message from heat exhaustion and fighting.

Persian WarsPersian Wars33rdrd Persian War 480 BC Persian War 480 BCXerxes, son of Darius, Xerxes, son of Darius, intended to get the larges intended to get the larges army ever, 250,000+ across army ever, 250,000+ across the seathe seaAt Thermopylae a group of At Thermopylae a group of Greeks were to hold the passGreeks were to hold the passThe main part of this alliance The main part of this alliance was King Leonidus and 300 was King Leonidus and 300 Spartans. After a few days of Spartans. After a few days of fighting King Leonidus told fighting King Leonidus told the other Greeks to leave.the other Greeks to leave.They were successful for They were successful for three days but then Xerxes three days but then Xerxes sent his troops through a sent his troops through a secret pass to surround the secret pass to surround the SpartansSpartans

Persian WarsPersian WarsThe Spartans were finally overtakenThe Spartans were finally overtaken

This battle destroyed the moral of the Persian This battle destroyed the moral of the Persian troopstroops

Athens was evacuated to Salamis a nearby islandAthens was evacuated to Salamis a nearby island

Athens was burned and 2/3 was destroyedAthens was burned and 2/3 was destroyed

Xerxes sent his navy into destroy the Greeks but Xerxes sent his navy into destroy the Greeks but the Greeks had superior boats and destroyed the the Greeks had superior boats and destroyed the Persian navy.Persian navy.

The result of these Wars is that the Greek way of life The result of these Wars is that the Greek way of life was preserved such as democracy and voting. If was preserved such as democracy and voting. If Persians won our way of life would be different.Persians won our way of life would be different.

Battle of SalamisBattle of Salamis

Greatest naval battle of Persian WarsGreatest naval battle of Persian WarsGreeks lead by ThemistoclesGreeks lead by ThemistoclesPersians outnumbered Greeks 3-1Persians outnumbered Greeks 3-1Larger Greek ships and close quarter Larger Greek ships and close quarter (Greeks could swim) fighting would lead (Greeks could swim) fighting would lead to the downfall of the Persian fleet as to the downfall of the Persian fleet as Xerxes watched from a nearby hillXerxes watched from a nearby hillXerxes army flees to Plataea and in 479 Xerxes army flees to Plataea and in 479 bc they are defeated again and Greece bc they are defeated again and Greece enters it’s Golden Ageenters it’s Golden Age

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian WarSparta vs. Athens lasted Sparta vs. Athens lasted for 27 yearsfor 27 years

Best Warriors=Sparta Best Warriors=Sparta

Good Warriors and BIG Good Warriors and BIG Population= AthensPopulation= Athens

Neither side got upper Neither side got upper hand until a plague hit hand until a plague hit Athens killing 60% of Athens killing 60% of populationpopulation

Sparta wonSparta won

War ends Greek unity and War ends Greek unity and went back to separate and went back to separate and independent city-statesindependent city-states

ELEPHANT VS. ELEPHANT VS. WHALEWHALE

““KNOW THY SELF”KNOW THY SELF”ORACLE AT DELPHIORACLE AT DELPHI

Greek PhilosopherGreek Philosopher Socrates Socrates 469-399 B.C. Athens469-399 B.C. AthensGreat Teacher and philosopher never took money for Great Teacher and philosopher never took money for teachings. teachings. Method of teachings was constantly ask questions Method of teachings was constantly ask questions because it stimulates discussionbecause it stimulates discussion““Know thyself” was most famous quoteKnow thyself” was most famous quoteHe got in trouble for corrupting the people, as he He got in trouble for corrupting the people, as he constantly questioned traditions and criticized constantly questioned traditions and criticized Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian WarTrail of Socrates 501 men on jury Found guilty of treason Trail of Socrates 501 men on jury Found guilty of treason and gave him three choicesand gave him three choices1 Apologize1 Apologize2 Move2 Move3 Death by Hemlock **he chose this** 3 Death by Hemlock **he chose this** Socrates did not write much so we know him by his Socrates did not write much so we know him by his studentsstudents

Greek PhilosophersGreek PhilosophersPlatoPlato

Socrates most famous student wrote Socrates most famous student wrote The RepublicThe Republic ideal ideal world. Wrote down own ideas with Socrates influenceworld. Wrote down own ideas with Socrates influence

One of first written works to argue for equal rights for One of first written works to argue for equal rights for womenwomen

Aristotle Aristotle

Studied under PlatoStudied under Plato

The most divers well rounded of the threeThe most divers well rounded of the three

Father of BiologyFather of Biology

Wrote Wrote PoliticsPolitics

Taught Alexander the GreatTaught Alexander the Great

““Patience is virtue” “Moderation”Patience is virtue” “Moderation”

Greek WritersGreek WritersHomerHomerBlind and had someone Blind and had someone write for himwrite for himWrote Wrote IlliadIlliad and and The The OdysseyOdysseyHerodotusHerodotusFather of History Father of History Wrote about 3 Persian Wrote about 3 Persian Wars biased toward Wars biased toward GreeksGreeksThucydidasThucydidasWrote about the Wrote about the Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian WarObjective and tried to be Objective and tried to be accurateaccurate

Famous GreeksFamous GreeksPericlesPericlesLeader of Athens for 31 Leader of Athens for 31 years between 460-429 years between 460-429 BCBC““Golden Age” of AthensGolden Age” of AthensGreece was strong and Greece was strong and unitedunitedPhilip II of MacedoniaPhilip II of Macedonia 350 350 BCBCAttacked Persia and Attacked Persia and brought Greek city-states brought Greek city-states under his control. Took under his control. Took 1/3 of them1/3 of themAlexander the GreatAlexander the Great256-323 BC*Macedonian*256-323 BC*Macedonian*Finished fathers job and Finished fathers job and conquered Greece and conquered Greece and PersiaPersiaDied at age of 33 from Died at age of 33 from malariamalaria