Ancient Egyptian History Class One, 2010, Fall (2400 BC To Approximately 1400 BC)

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HISTORY 2400 BC TO APPROXIMATELY 1400 BC

Class One Fall 2010GCCC – Encore – InstructorJoe Boisvert

Topic for Discussion: Brief Review then Class Discussion Starting with The First Intermediate Period which followed the Old Kingdom

Why we Study Egypt

Oldest Civilization (3000 plus years)

Monumental Buildings, Pyramids, Temples, Statues

Ancient Religion Ancient Roots to

Modern Medicine One of the First

Civilizations

Biblical Roots Possibly First Place Where

Written Language was Created

Creation of Paper, Jewelry, Pottery, Art

One of the Most Important Libraries of the Old World

One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Historical Links to Now

Review Class One Egypt Fall 2010

Long ago the Egyptian People Emerged from the hunting and gathering groups and began the long journey to Civilization.

They seemed to evolve fully formed into a organized culture with a Religion and a Strong Ritualized Burial Concept.

Early on in their Development they United Lower and Upper Egypt under one Pharaoh and created a Capital City in Memphis near present day Cairo.

Review Class One Egypt Fall 2010

The Old Kingdom was in many ways the high of Achievement for the Egyptian Culture and Civilization. The Statures showed figures proud and Not Afraid.

Old Kingdom - Religion, Art, Organization, Society and Security

Proud Noble People Starting more than 3000 years of Civilization

Old Kingdom was Period of Monumental Pyramid Building

Egypt in the Old Kingdom had Security

In Egypt there was very little rain. However the Nile provided water that when used properly could provide the richest harvest in the Old World. The Nile was predictable it flooded every year at the same time. Egypt was Isolated

Mesopotamia and Other Old World Locations had to depend on rain for there major source of water. Rain is not predictable.

Surrounded by Enemies.

slideshare.net

Events Leading to the First Intermediate Period

There are many possible explanations for the Dissolution of the Old Kingdom. The Intermediate Period is Dark Period for Egypt it would regain its glory but it would never be the same!!

First and most prevalent is that the long Reign of Pepy II caused instability. New local Monarchs came into power battling Central Authority and Creating a Series of City States. Egypt is divided

Another Possible Explanation is that the level of the Nile Changed creating Climate Changes and reducing Agricultural Yields

Ancient Egypt: 1st Intermediate Period

Following the death of King Pepy II, Egypt was controlled by a number of rulers (Seventh to Eighth Dynasties) with very brief reigns. Power in Egypt became fragmented: the north of Egypt was ruled by kings from Heracleopolis, while rulers at Thebes had dominion over the south. Literary works that looked back on the period were influenced by concerns about the fragility of the state and the position of the individual within it.There are relatively few lavish monuments from this period. However, the decoration of the rock cut tombs of provincial governors show that artistic traditions continued. The richness of these burials suggests that the provinces flourished during this time of political disunity. Tomb inscriptions stress the independence of the individual, sometimes referring to local conflict. The use of funerary symbols and concepts previously reserved for the king shows that members of the élite could hope to reach the afterlife.

Mortuary Temple of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II – Thebes

Most Important Monument of Intermediate Period

The Bible and Egypt

ABRAHAM in Egypt

 Abraham came to Egypt during the 21st

century BC, at the end of the First Intermediate Period (Gn 12:10; 13:1).

The 11th Dynasty based in Thebes was just gaining power in the south and

would ultimately control all of Egypt. So the Pharaoh that Abraham met (Gn

12:15–20) may have been a northern leader who took the title, or an early

king from the Theban dynasty. Presumably, their encounter took place

in the delta area.

Abraham Probably Saw the Pyramids at Giza

While in this region, Abraham probably saw the Giza pyramids on the Nile’s west bank. Giza is the northern-most and most famous of the Old Kingdom royal cemeteries in the delta region, including Meidum, Dahshur, Saqqara and Abusir. They were located near Memphis, the national capital at that time. 

Moses in Egypt ~ 1500 BC

Drawing of Palace in Egypt from the time of Moses

A royal palace complex from Moses’ time (18th Dynasty; 15th century BC) was excavated at Izbet Helmi, It was built in close proximity to the Nile River (the Pelusiac Branch), as the Bible indicates. Possibly called Peru-nefer during that period, it fits the time and place for the palace where Moses grew up and where he also later confronted Pharaoh to let his people go

Joseph and Mary take Jesus to Egypt - Matthew 2:13-15 (King James Version)

Out of Egypt have I called my son.

And when they were departed, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise, and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I bring thee word: for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him. When he arose, he took the young child and his mother by night, and departed into Egypt: And was there until the death of Herod: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt have I called my son.

Egyptian History Class One Fall 2010 Summary – (two slides)

Egypt - Three Thousand Plus Years of Civilization; The Old, Middle and NewKingdoms plus the Intermediate and Declining Periods

The Population of Egypt when from an Approximate low of three million to a high Near or slightly exceeding Ten Million

THE OLD, INTERMEDIATE AND MIDDLE KINGDOM

The End Class One Egyptian History Fall 2010

After the Old Kingdom Egypt was never as Secure.

The difference is visible in the rendering of the Pharaoh Image In the Old Kingdom the rulers gaze upon Their World Majestically And Unruffled. In the Middle Kingdom the Pharaohs have Careworn and Anxious Faces.