Anchoring and Buoy Mooring v1.3

8/10/2019 Anchoring and Buoy Mooring v1.3

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Seamanship

Anchoring and Buoy Mooring

UNCLASSIFIED


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References

Anchoring NS!M Chap"er #$% Mooring and !o&ing NS!M Chap"er #$' Na(iga"ion Ru)es* In"erna"iona)+In)and C,MD!INS! M%--.'/' Series Surface Ship Na(iga"ion Depar"men" ,rgani0a"ion and Regu)a"ions

Manua) 1NA2D,RM3C,MNA2SURF,RINS!4C,MNA2AIRF,RINS! 5#56/7 Series

8nigh"9s Modern Seamanship Eigh"een"h Edi"ion CA:! ;ohn 2/ Noe) ;r/USN 1Re"/3 ;ohn er ;r/ USN 1Re"/3 Na(a)

Ins"i"u"e :ress !he Na(a) ,fficer9s =uide E)e(en"h Edi"ion Na(a) Ins"i"u"e :ress


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!ermina) ,> ec"i(es

=i(en an e(o)u"ion DESCRIBE "he componen"s andfunc"ions of "he anchor and anchor &ind)ass IAuoy mooring IA< NS!M Chap"er#$' Mooring and !o&ing


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DESCRIBE "he differen" "ypes of anchors used >y US na(a)(esse)s/

DESCRIBE "he anchor and anchor chain componen"s/ DESCRIBE "he anchor &ind)ass sys"em componen"s "o inc)ude*

caps"an &i)dca" mechanica) >ra@e e)ec"rica) >ra@e and con"ro) >o /

DISCUSS safe"y precau"ions during anchoring e(o)u"ions/ DISCUSS "he procedures and repor"s made for ma@ing "he anchor

ready for )e""ing go and for proper)y se""ing "he anchor oncedropped/

DISCUSS "he en(ironmen"a) and geographica) considera"ions"a@en in"o accoun" in de"ermining "he scope of anchor chain "oemp)oy/

Ena>)ing ,> ec"i(es


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S!A!E "he chain+"o+&a"er dep"h ru)e+of+"hum> ra"io/ S!A!E fre uency and informa"ion con"ained in an anchor repor"/ DISCUSS "he Medi"erranean moor &i"h respec" "o procedures

ad(an"ages and disad(an"ages/

DEFINE >uoy mooring "erms/ DESCRIBE "he "ro))ey me"hod and ordinary 1dip rope3 me"hod of

mooring "o a >uoy/ C,M:ARE mooring "o a >uoy "o anchoring/

DISCUSS "he >uoy par"y du"ies and safe"y precau"ions "ha" app)y "o"he e(o)u"ion/

Ena>)ing ,> ec"i(es


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In"roduc"ion


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Anchor Componen"s

%3 Ring'3 Shan@ 53 F)u@e

73 Cro&n#3 Shou)der


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!ypes of Anchors

S"andard Na(y S"oc@)ess

Commercia) S"oc@)ess

Danfor"h Mushroom Cap

Na(y+!ype S"oc@


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Design Specifica"ions

Na(y anchors and anchor e uipmen" are designed "o ho)d fas" >ased on "he fo))o&ing condi"ions*

Firm sandy >o""oms Less "han or e ua) "o .6 @no"s of &ind

Less "han or e ua) "o 7 @no"s of curren" Less "han or e ua) "o 76 fa"homs dep"h of &a"er

!he anchor si0e and "ype de"ermines "he fo))o&ing fac"ors* Si0e and "ype of chain Leng"h of chain on "he ship !ype of ground "ac@)e


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Anchor Chain

A de"acha>)e )in@ af"er e(ery sho" ofchain !he ad acen" )in@s are &hi"eindica"ing "he num>er of sho"s of chain


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Anchor =ear

RidingS"opper ?ousing

S"opper

Caps"an

?a&sepipe

Chain Loc@er

Bra@e


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Anchor


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Anchoring :recau"ions

ra@e or )o&ering "he anchor under po&er/

Ne(er s"ep o(er on or s"radd)e "he anchor chain/ :rior "o s"ar"ing anchoring opera"ions ensure area is c)ear of

non+opera"iona) personne)/

Do no" anchor in dep"hs grea"er "han %66 fa"homs/ Use "he ship s ground "ac@)e "o reduce "he ship s head&ay on)y

in e "reme emergencies/


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:reparing "o Anchor


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Chain+"o+

Anchor chain )eng"h is a)so ca))ed scope/ !he scope of chain "ouse &hen anchoring depends on a (arie"y of fac"ors inc)uding "he&a"er dep"h and "ype of >o""om/

Based on a firm sandy >o""om "he rule of thumb for scope ofchain is* In less than 20 fathoms of water, use five to seven times the

water depth.

For deep &a"er anchoring your ship may no" ha(e enoughchain "o pay ou" #+. "imes "he &a"er dep"h in "his case youmay pay ou" 5 "imes "he dep"h or po"en"ia))y use a second

anchor/


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?o)ding Fac"or

For ocean >o""oms "ha" are no" firm sand de"ermine "he scopeof chain >ased on "he ho)ding fac"or of "he >o""om/

Di(ide "he scope of chain 1>ased on &a"er dep"h3 >y "heho)ding fac"or "o de"ermine "he "o"a) scope of chain/

Type of Bottom Holding Factor

S"iff dense c)ay %/#6

Firm sand %/66

S"ic@y c)ay medium densi"y /--Sof" mud /55

Loose coarse sand /55

=ra(e) /55

?ard roc@4sha)e4>ou)ders 6


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Anchoring Commands and Ac"ions

Command* GMa@e "he anchor ready for )e""ing goH Ac"ion*

Chain Loc@er chec@ed for )oose gear Anchor ra@e and disengage "he &i)dca" Riding S"opper is passed again

Repor"* GAnchor is ready for )e""ing goH

Command* GS"and>yH Ac"ion*

Bra@e is re)eased ' Seamen s"and >y Riding S"opper ready "o "rip "he pe)ican hoo@


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Anchoring Commands and Ac"ions

Command* GLe" go "he anchorH 1gi(en &hen"he pe)orus is on "he )e""ing+go >earing3 Ac"ion*

:e)ican hoo@ is "ripped Chain pays ou" un"i) anchor hi"s "he sea

>o""om Recei(e repor"s of amoun" of chain on

dec@ amoun" a" &a"er9s edge anddirec"ion "he chain "ends as chain pays ou"

Se" "he >ra@e and chec@ for cons"an" s"rain 2eer chain ou" #+. "imes "he dep"h of

&a"er S"op "he chain so "ha" a de"acha>)e )in@ is

>e"&een "he s"oppers/


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A fi is "a@en "o de"ermine posi"ion "he momen" "he order

)e" go "he anchor is gi(en/

If "he anchor repor" and fi posi"ion are sa"isfac"ory "hen"he command is gi(en "o pass"he s"oppers/H

Ac"ion* S"oppers passed


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E ecu"ion as C,NN

% 666 yds from "he anchorage poin"s)o& "o # @"s

#66 '66 yds s"op engines

%66 yds a)) >ac@ %45 Speeds and dis"ances &i)) differ

from ship "o ship

S)igh" s"ern&ay a" "he "ime of)e""ing go "he anchor pre(en"s "heanchor chain from fa))ing on i"se)f/


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Anchor "ained hour)y/


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Dragging "he anchor

:hysica) signs an anchor is dragging* See or fee) a (i>ra"ion in "he anchor chain or "hrough "he ship F)uc"ua"ion in "he s"rain from modera"e or hea(y "o )igh"/

Na(iga"iona) sign an anchor is dragging* A fi does no" fa)) &i"hin "he drag circ)e as p)o""ed >y "he

Na(iga"or/

Ano"her fi shou)d >e "a@en immedia"e)y/ If "he second fi is a)soou"side "he drag circ)e "hen "he ship is considered "o >e dragginganchor/

Be especia))y (igi)an" during "ida) or &ea"her changes/


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Anchor posi"ions &hi)e ge""ing U4uoys are )arge round f)a"+"opped f)oa"ing p)a"forms @ep" in p)ace (ia mu)"ip)e anchors/

!hey are used e "ensi(e)y in conges"ed por"s and har>ors/


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Moor "o a Buoy :rep

!he anchor is secured "o padeyes and "he chain is disconnec"ed/ A mooring shac@)e is p)aced on "he >i""er end of "he chain and

ran "hrough "he >u)) nose


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Dip Rope Me"hod%3 Buoy :ar"y pic@s up >uoy &ire

dip rope and messenger/

'3 A""ach >uoy &ire "o >uoy run diprope "hrough shac@)e "o messenger/

53 Ship hea(es messenger in "o ma@e)oop for dip rope

73 Chain is &a)@ed ou" >y hea(ing ondip rope

#3 Buoy :ar"y secures chain "o >uoy


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!ro))ey Me"hod%3 Chain is hung o(er "he side &i"h

an easing+ou" )ine "o @eep chain ou"of "he &a"er

'3 Buoy :ar"y recei(es >uoy &ire anda""aches i" "o "he >uoy

53 Buoy &ire is made "augh" and "hechain s)ides do&n (ia "ro))eys

73 Buoy par"y secures chain "o >uoy


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Moor "o a Buoy !F"T#

!&o seamen "o hand)e "he >uoy )ineand shac@)e on "he >uoy/

uoy )ine or "o >rush agains" "he >uoy/

Ne(er a))o& "he >oa" "o ge" >e"&een"he >uoy and "he ship/

Remo(e personne) from "he >uoy >efore "a@ing any considera>)e s"rain/

Jua)ified personne)


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Ad(an"ages4Disad(an"ages "o M!B

Ad(an"ages* Reduces s&ing circ)e radius 1impor"an" in

conges"ed har>ors3 :ro(ides more s"reng"h "han a sing)e anchor

due "o mu)"ip)e anchors securing "he >uoy

Disad(an"ages* Re uires sma)) >oa" In"roduces safe"y considera"ions for "he >uoy

par"y Re uires more prepara"ion "ime Re uires precision shiphand)ing


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Jues"ionsK

Anchoring and Buoy Mooring v1.3

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