An Introduction to ENERGY Mill Creek High School Mr. Burrows.

An Introduction to ENERGY

Mill Creek High School

Mr. Burrows

Objectives Recognize types of energy surrounding us Identify renewable, non-renewable, and

inexhaustible energy sources Differentiate between potential and kinetic

energy Identify the 6 forms of energy Describe history of energy consumption in

USA

Objectives Identify sectors of society associated with energy

consumption Identify energy consumption trends in USA Discuss efficiency vs. conservation Define “law of entropy” Recognize reasons for growth in energy &power

demands Recognize factors that influence exportation and

development of different energy sources

Why do we learn about Energy? It has shaped YOUR society It has shaped YOUR world Traditional sources WILL near depletion in

your lifetime. YOU will have to make important decisions

about energy! It is effects and is affected by politics,

economics, and the environment.

Energy Energy: The ability to do work It is often overlooked because we measure

the work but don’t consider the energy source

We must consider the source

Energy Groups Renewable energy: Resources that can be

replaced once used They can be quickly regenerated Examples:

Wood Cornstalks Sugarcane

Energy Groups Nonrenewable Energy: Cannot be replaced

once used Example:

Fossil fuels-take 100s of 1000s of years to make Uranium: is mined like coal for nuclear reactors

Energy Groups Inexhaustible Energy: Those that will never

run out. (for millions of years) Examples:

Sun Wind Waves

Types of Energy Potential Energy: is energy waiting to

happen Gasoline:

Can produce lots of power if handled properly

Water behind a dam: Does not produce power until released

Types of Energy Kinetic Energy: is energy in motion Examples:

Wind: that moves to turn a windmill Water moving to turn a turbine Radiant energy from the sun

6 Forms of Energy Light energy: is visible to the eye

Very small part of the electromagnetic spectrum

Heat energy: (infrared) longer wavelength than light energy. Does not pass as easily through glass

6 Forms of Energy Mechanical energy: produced by

mechanical devices gears, pulleys, levers, engines, etc

Chemical energy: potential energy locked within a substance Example: 50-lb of oak may have the same

chemical energy as 1 gallon of heating oil.

6 Forms of Energy Electrical Energy: associated with the flow

of electrons Nuclear Energy: associated with the power

in the atom. When was it first harnessed? Why? Now it is used to generate power

Measuring Energy British Thermal Unit (BTU) is the basic unit

of heat energy Very small amount of energy Roughly the amount of energy given off by one

burning wooden match All other forms of energy can be related to the

BTUs they can produce

One Heating Unit Equals

BTU Related Measurements 1 Heating Unit = 100,000 BTUs

Used for measuring larger energy used like structural heating

1 Quad = 1-quadrillion BTUs 1,000,000,000,000,000 BTUs Used for measuring very large energy

consumption like cities, continents, etc

World Energy Consumption

Early American Energy Primary Energy Sources

Wind Water Wood

Industry build on waterways Farmers used wind power to draw water Wood was used to produce heat

1800s Energy in USA Inventions of the steam engine

Steam boat, steam locomotives

Coal replace wood as primary energy source

Why? Coal more chemical energy 15lb of coal = 20-50lb of wood

1900s Energy in USA Internal combustion engine

was perfected Americans began to depend

on cars Gasoline contains more

energy than coal

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC) Formed in 1960 Group of nations committed to the strength

and success of oil market.

1970s Oil Embargo Embargo: limiting of trade for political

reasons. To punish USA in 1970s for using too much

oil, OPEC limited oil sales USA started to look to efficiency and

conservation Smaller engines Better use of existing oil supplies

What About the Future? Energy Information

Administration estimates a 50% increase in world energy consumption by 2025.

Majority comes from Fossil Fuels

Why Fossil Fuels? Yield more energy per volume than many

other forms Created millions of jobs in the USA Keep USA engaged in world economy

Energy Conversion Energy Conversion: Changing of one form

of energy into another Electric motor-converts electrical energy to

mechanical (rotation) Furnace-converts potential energy (in gas)

to kinetic energy (heat) Solar collector-converts light energy to

heat.

Efficiency Efficiency: Measure of the extent to which

an energy form is usefully converted to another form.

Furnaces- some convert 90% of BTUs in heating oil to heat (very efficient)

Efficiency Internal Combustion Engine: historically

only converted about 27% of energy in gas to mechanical energy. (terrible)

Today: I.C.E. convert about 30% because of advances in technology (better)

Where does the other 70% go?

Entropy Entropy is a measure of the unavailable

energy in a closed system Law of Entropy: whenever an energy form

is converted from one form to another, some loss will occur.

Energy Efficiencies

Energy and the Environment Acid rain: result of burning fossil fuels

Carbon Dioxide (CO2 )

Nitrous Oxide (NO2 )

Sulfur Oxides (SO2 ) Condenses in atmosphere and falls with rain Devastates forests, pollutes ponds, rivers,

streams, Kill fish

Energy and the Environment Greenhouse effect – layer of greenhouse

gasses (from fossil fuels) prevent heat from sun from escaping into space

Raises Earth’s temp. (global warming) May result in…

Melting of ice caps Altering of shorelines Changes in weather patterns

Recycling If Mill Creek recycles 1-ton of paper it will

save: 6953 gallons of water 463 gallons of oil 587lb of air pollution 4077 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity

This is because of the energy saved to produce a recycled product.

Conservation vs. Efficiency Efficiency = Saving energy by getting the

most possible work out of each unit ie. Efficient light bulbs Another example?

Conservation= Saving energy by limiting the use of it ie. Turning off a normal (incandescent) light Another example?

Objectives Recognize types of energy surrounding us Identify renewable, non-renewable, and

inexhaustible energy sources Differentiate between potential and kinetic

energy Identify the 6 forms of energy Describe history of energy consumption in

USA

Objectives Identify sectors of society associated with energy

consumption Identify energy consumption trends in USA Discuss efficiency vs. conservation Define “law of entropy” Recognize reasons for growth in energy &power

demands Recognize factors that influence exportation and

development of different energy sources