An Introdcution to Shi'a Law_a bibliographic study_Modarressi

An Introduction to Shi'i Law a bibliographical study

Hossein Modarressi Tabataba'i

An Introduction to shr6r L ~ W

a bibliographical study

Ithaea Press London 1984

0 Hossein Modarressi Tabitabi'i

ISBN 0 86372 015 3

First published in 1984 by

Ithaca Press 13 Southwark Street London SEl 1RQ

Typeset by Barbara Daykin Gloucester

Printed & bound in Great Britain by

Biddles Ltd Guildford & King's Lynn

FOREWORD

The Shi'i legal system, which is one of the two major divisions of Islamic

law, is a developed integrated system with a long continuous tradition of

innovation. As the system has always been open to new ideas, and as

criticism and original contributions were welcome and encouraged, it grew

into and continues to grow as a developed, thriving body of legal thought.

Many Shi ' i jurists in the past were at the same time outstanding philo-

sophers, and through them many elements from Islamic logic and philo-

sophy were introduced into, and discussed in, Shi ' i law and jurisprudence.

This process resulted, on the one hand, in the appearance of new and

highly meticulous legal analyses in Shi ' i law and jurisprudence, and con-

tributed, on the other hand, to the development of Islamic logic and

philosophy. Shi ' i legal works, and in particular thosc of the last two

centuries are, therefore, of significant value not only for their legal

analyses but also for thleir evaluation and criticism of certain traditional

points of view in logic and philosophy as studied in thc Islamic world.

The intention of this work is to give the general outlines of Shi ' i law.

It is arranged in two parts. In the first part a short description is given

of the contents of S h i c i law and jurisprudence, together with a brief

discussion of its historical development. In the second part , a list of

some Shi'i comprehensive legal works and monographs is given to provide

students of this legal system with essential information about references

that should be consulted in any serious study of this subject.

The author would like to thank Professor W . Madelung, Professor

A . K . S. Lambton and Mr. Albert Hourani who read the first part of this

work and offered valuable suggestions for its improvement.

CONTENTS

Abbrev i a t i ons

T rans l i t e r a t i on

PART ONE

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF s ~ i ' i LAW 1

C h r p t e r o n e : THE s ~ i ' i LEGAL SYSTEM AND ITS SOURCES 2

C h a p t e r Two : GENERAL REMARKS ON SHf'f JURISPURDENCE 7

C h a p t e r T h r e e : THE OUTLINES OF SHT-7 LAW 13

C h a p t e r Fou r : THE PERIODS OF S H i ' i LAW 23

PART TWO

MAIN WORKS ON S H ? " ~ LAW

Chap'ter Five : SOME COMPREHENSIVE WORKS

A Sys temat ic Legal Works

B Collect ions of FotwZs

C Miscel laneous Works

C h a p t e r S ix : SOME MONOGRAPHS

A Gene ra l

B On A c t s of Devotion

C O n C o n t r a c t s

D O n Uni la te ra l Obl iga t ions

E O n 'Rules1

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

ABBREVIATIONS

9 = hijr? qomor7

s h = hijrT shams?

k l K = kitCb

cat . : the catalogue of the l ibrary concerned

AB = AghZ Buzurg , 01-DharT'a ilC ta~CnTf 01-ShT'a

Fl = Encyclopoedio of Islam (second edition)

Nosh. = Nashriyya-yi KitCbkhCno-yi Morkazi-yi DCnishgCh-i Tehran d a r bCra-yi nuskhohCy-i k h o t t 7

References in footnotes a re given b y au thors a n d , if necessa ry , b y a

shor t title of thc work. The full titles a re to be Sound in ihe bibliography

under the au thor ' s name or under the shor t title i l the work is anonymous.

Likewise the l ibraries a r c re fe r red in the second par t b y a shor t title and

the full names and details of their catalogues a re lo be found in the

bibliography.

TRANSLITERATION

The system used m the Encyclopaedia of Islam h a s been adoplcd, wlth the

following exceptions:

c 1

19 9

E c h

There a re two more points to bc noted he re :

( 1 ) For well-known geographical names the common spellings have been

p re fe r red .

( 2 ) The definite article has been omitted from the beginning of the names

in all references in t h e footnotes, except where i t i s followed by an

adjective with the art icle.

Part One General Structure of Shi'iLaw

Chapter One

THE S H ? ' ~ LEGAL SYSTEM AND ITS SOURCES

As a doctrinal system, Shi'ism represents a particular tendency of Islam

shaped by a chain of theologico-historical analyses. The YadTth al-

Thaqaloyn, a tradition which was handed down by both Shi'is and Sunnis

from the Prophet, according to which the Prophet called on Muslims to

follow the Qur'an and his own Family aftcr him,' was, along with a number

of other traditions, the root and original source of this tendency which

was later strengthened by further theologico-philosophical and historical

reasonings.

In religious matters, Shi'ism has generally based its views on the

instructions of prominent members (Imams) of the Prophet's family. The

main difference between Sunni and Shi'i legal schools is the manner in

which they received the Prophet's Tradition and in their legal sources.

Whereas Sunnis received Tradition as transmitted by the Prophet's com-

panions, Shi'is received it through his Family. In another respect,

whereas Sunni legal schools follow the juridical opinions of some juris-

consults of Medina and Iraq, Shi'is Follow the opinions of their Imams, who

were descendants of the Prophet. The Twclver Shi'a which is now the

See Ibn Sa'd, 11, p. 194; Abmad, 111, pp. 14, 17, 59, I V , p . 371, V, pp. 181-2; Muslim, 11, pp. 237-8; Tirmidhi, 11, pp. 219-20; Nasa'i, p . 93; Darimi, 11, p 310; Bayhaqi, 11, p . 148, VII, p . 30, X , p . 113; Bakim, 111, pp. 109-10, 533; Khatib, 111, pp . 255, 258; TabZwi, 11, p . 307, I V , p . 368; Mundhiri, 11, p . 199; Tabarini, I , pp. 131, 135; al- uakim alF'l'irmidhi, pp. 68-9; Baghawi, V , pp. 593, 600; Ibn al-Athir, I , p. 187; Ibn al-Turkumani, VII, p . 31; Qasjalini, VII, pp. 4-8; Haythami, I X , pp. 164-5; 'Asqalani, IV, p . 65 ; Ibn 'Asakir, I , p. 45; Maqrizi, p . 38; SuyGti, Ibya', pp. 11-30; Muttaqi, X V , pp. 91, 122-3 . Independent works are written about this tradition, among them a treatise by Qawiim al-Din al-Wishnawi (YodTth 01-Thaqoloyn, Cairo, 1374q). Mir Barnid Fusayn al-Laknawi devoted a whole volume of his 'Aboqiil a/-anwiir to the chains of authority of this tradition (see the Arabic translation of this book, Vol. I , in which the tradition is quoted from approximately two hundred Sunni sources).

See for instance Sharaf al-Din, pp. 42-51, 130-227.

THE SHT'T LEGAL SYSTEM AND ITS SOURCES 3

prevalent Shi'i school, follow the opinions of their twelve Imams, espec-

ially the sixth, AbG 'Abd Allah Ja'far b . Mubarnmad al-sadiq, and for this

reason their legal school is also known as Ja'farT. * * *

The Qur ' in , Tradition (sunno), the consensus of the Shi'i jurists

(ijmii') and reason ('oq1)l form the sources of Shi'i law.

The Qur ' in , in its apparent literal sense, has shaped the spirit and

foundation of Shi ' i law.

The Tradition, i .e . the statements, deeds and tacit consent of the

Prophet and the Imams, must be handed down be reliable narrators. In

respect to this reliability, the doctrinal views of the transmitters are con-

sidered irrelevant. A tradition handed down by a reliable non-Shi'i is

viewed as sound and acceptable just as one transmitted by a veracious

S h i 'i . IjrnZ', i .e . the unanimity of the views of all Shi ' i jurists on a certain

legal question, is not a source on its own, but it can become a means

through which the opinions of the Imams may be discovered. This function

of ijmii' has been explained in various ways, up to twelve. The most

popular among these in contemporary Shi'i law holds that since ijrnii'

is the unanimity of the views of 'all' Shi ' i scholars, it naturally includes

the views of those scholars who lived in the time of the Imams or the

period quite close to it . Many of these were close companions of the

ImSms and knew their opinions quite thoroughly. The consensus of these

very early jurists, most of whom were absolute followers of the Imams,

normally demonstrates the view of the Imams.

By 'reason1 as a source"or Shi ' i law is meant categorical judgments

The common sources of the four Sunni legal schools are: the Qur'an,

Tradition, ijmii' and qiyiis. Opinions differ about a number of other sources which have been added by some of the schools to those four. IjrnZ' is a source on its own in the Sunni legal system. Qiyiis is the applic- ation of the precept of a certain legal case to a similar one through ana- logical reasoning. The Sh i ' i s maintain that such an application is possible only where there is a basic common denominator between the two cases inasmuch as one can be certain that the same reason which is behind the precept in the original case, covers the other case as well (see Karaki, Tor7q istinbiir a/-abkijm, p . 17).

It should be noted that these are the sources of the predominant UzClT school of Shi ' i law. The A k h b S school resorted only to Tradition. The earliest legal work in which the four sources above are mentioned with the same order is Ibn Idris al-villi's 01-Sarii'ir, p . 3. The early Shi ' i u$Cl works did not usually mention reason as a source of law. See further Muvaffar, 11, p . 122.

See Muvaffar, 11, p . 107.

9 s will be explained later, reason, in Shi ' i law, is also employed as

4 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

drawn from both pure and practical reason. A clear instance is the judg-

ment of practical reason that justice is good and injustice is evil. In

S h i ' i u$Gl al-fiqh there is a principle which states that whatever is

ordered by reason, is also ordered by religion (kull mii bakam bih a l ' a q l ,

hakam bib 01-shar'). In accordance with this principle, which is known a s

the 'rule of correlation ' (qii'idat 01-muliiramo), religious rules may be

inferred from the sole verdict of reason. The correlation between the

obligatoriness of an act and the obligatoriness of its prerequisites (muqad-

damot 01-wiijib), or between prescribing something and prohibiting i ts

opposite (mas 'alat 01-(iidd), o r , the impossibility of combining command and

prohibition in a single case from a single standpoint (ijtimii' al-amr wa'l-

nahy) , are all rational precepts in the methodology of S h i ' i law and

sources based on pure reason in the juridical efforts to discover legal

rules.

* * * Thc traditions handed down from the Prophet and ImZms, which con-

stitute the most important source for S h i ' i law, are assembled in special

collections. The most renowned of these, which are the usual reference

works for jurists, are the following:

1. K. 01-Ko%, by Abt Ja ' far Mubammad b . Ya'qtb al-Kulayni

( d . 3291941)

2 . K . Man 1; Yabduruh al-faqTh, by Mubammad b . 'Ali b . BZbawayh

al-Qummi, known as al-Sadiiq ( d . 3811991-2)

3 . TahdhTb al-abkiim, by Mubarnmad b . JJasan al-TEsi, Shaykh al-

Ti ' ifa ( d . 46011067)

4 . al-lstib$iir, by Mubammad b . @asan al-TGsi

the means for thinking, in which sense it simply means rational argument. This sense of reason is described in the traditions of the Imams as the only means to discovcr realities (see Karijaki, p . 70).

See Mubaqqiq, Mu'tabar, p . 6; Shahid I , Dhikrt, p . 5; idem, Qawb'id, p . 25; Miqdid, TanqTb, fols. 2b-3a; Qibib al-Madirik, Hidiiyot al-liilibii? , fols. 2b-3a; Qal i f i , Kashf ol-fawb'id, p . 130.

Mubarnmad B'aqir al-Sadr maintains that 'reason' is a potential rather than an actual source for S h i ' i law. He says that although, according to the methodology of S h i ' i law, reason can on i ts own discover an injuric- tion and guide toward a certain religious precept, this has never been actualized in practice and all religious commands which can be discovered through the categorical verdicts derived from reason are to be found in the Qur 'an and Tradition (Mubammad Biqir al-Sadr , Fatiiwii, I , p . 98).

This is because the traditions indicate duties in particular cascs with details, whereas the Qur'Zn usually has general rules.

THE S I I ~ ' ~ LEGAL SYSTEM AND ITS SOURCES 5

5. a/-WrSfT, by Mubammad b . Murla(li al-Kishani , known as Mubsin

al-Fayg ( d . 109111680)

6. WosF'il al-ShT'a, by Mubammad b . Basan al-Ijurr albST\mili ( d . 11041

1693)

7 . Bibtr ol-an wtr , by Muhammad Biqir b . Mubarnmad Taqi al-Majlisi

( d . 111011699)

8. Mustodrok a/-Wosii'il, by Uusayn b . Mubarnmad Taqi al-Ntr i

( d . 132011908)1

The f i rs t four of these books are collectively known as ' the four books1

(01-kutub al-arbo'o). In S h i ' i legal l i terature these four hold the same

position that, the six famous collections of Sunni traditions (al-kutub 01-

s i t ta) have among Sunnis . The most popular legal work of reference is

Wasii'il ai-5hT'a which gathers the legal traditions contained in the 'four

books' and in many other sources, and since it is limited to traditions con-

cerned with legal subjects, it is the most convenient reference handbook

for every jurist.

The acceptability of any of the traditions of these books is subject to

certain conditions. The reliability and honesty of all the narrators of a

chain of transmitters of a tradition must first be proved. This is done by

a branch of scholarship known as 'ilm a/-rijtl (='ilm rijbi aoibadi?h) which

investigates the narrators of the traditions and their biographies.

Traditions are graded and divided in accordance with the levels of their

reliability, ' on the basis of specific principles found in another branch of

Some other major comprehensive collections of S h i ' i traditions are: Jawiimi' al-kalim by Muhammad b . 'Ali al-Jaz'a'iri , ' A w5lim 01-'ulGm wa'l- mo'brif by 'Abd Allih b . N t r Allih a1-BabrZni, Jiimi' al-rna'iirif wa'l- obktm by 'Abd Allih b . Mubammad Ri(li Shubbar al-ilusayni al-Kazimi and Jbmi' obbfith ol-sh7'a by uusayn b . 'Ali al-TabZtabi'i al-Burtjirdi.

See Shahid II ,Dir tyo, pp . 62-81; Abu'l-Qisim b . JJasan Yazdi, I , pp . 44-61.

The main Shi ' i works on this discipline are: K. Ma'rifat al-rijiii by al-Kashshi , K . a/-pu'afii ' by al-Ghaai ' iri , K . a/-Rijbl by al-Najishi , K . al-Fihrist and K . a/-Rijiil by Muhammad b . IJasan a l -T t s i . _Some impor- tant later works are: Ma'iilim ai 'ulom5' by Ibn ShahrZshGb, IQItb al- ishtibth and KhuiF$at 01-aqw8 by alk'AllZma, K. al-Rijiil by Ibn Diwkd, 01-TobrTr 01-TFwGsT by Sibib al-Ma'Zlim, Monhaj al-maqiil by Mubammad b . 'Ali al-Astaribzdi , Naqd 01-riitl by al-Tafrishi , Majmo' al-rijiil by al- Quhpa' i , VFwT al-maqF1 by 'Abd al-Nabi al-Jaza'iri , Jiimi' a/-ruwtt by Mubammad al-Ardabili , Muntahb a/-maqiil by Abt 'Ali , al-Fawii'id al- rijbiiyya by Babr alk'Ultm, TonqTb al-moqtl by 'Abd Allih al-Mimaqini, Qtmiis ol-rijiil by Mubammad Taqi al-Tustar i , and Mu'jom_rijbl ol-bafith by al-Khu'i. For other S h i ' i works on this subject see AghZ Buzurg, Mugoffii ol-maqiil fT mu$anniF 'ilm al-rijtl (Tehran, 1959). ' See Shahid I , Dhikrb, p . 4; Ibn Fahd, Muhadhdhab, fol. 2b;

MiqdSd, TanqTb, fol. 3a; Karaki , TorTq istinb5t a/-abkbm, p . 10;

scholarship known, in S h i ' i l i terature, as ' i lm a/-diriiya , ( = ' i im diriiyol

01-bofith).' On these bases, many traditions of the above sources are

not , in the view of the jurists, sound and reliable. * * *

The inference of legal precepts, from the four aforementioned sources

of S h i ' i law (the Qur ' i n , Tradition, ijmii' and rcason) is carried out

through a kind of logical rcasoning which, in Islamic terminology,is called

iitihzd. According to Shi ' i teachings, it is always possible for scholars

to practise this kind of rational argument in Islamic law, while Sunnis

restrict it to sornc scholars of the early centuries 01 Islam. In confronting

any legal problem, every S h i ' i jurist must personally investigate these

legal sourccs to take his own decision about i t . Imitation of the opinion of

a muitohid, however great he i s , by another mujtohid in legal matters is

uniawiul.

Shahid 11, Diriiya, pp . 19-61; IJusayn b . 'Abd al-samad, Wu7Gl 01-akhyiir, pp . 20-56; $iQib al-Madirik, Hid5yol a/-tiilibTn, fol. 5a; Bahii' al-Din al-'Kmili, WafTra, pp . 4-5; idem, Mashriq 01-shomsayn, p . 269; DZmZd, Rowiishib, pp. 115-204; Bihbahini , To'lTqiit, p p . 5-9; Abu '1-Qisim b . Hasall al-Yazdi , I , pp . 3-44; MimaqZni, Miqbiis, pp . 35-105.

Some main S h i ' i works on this subjcet are: 01-Diriiyo and Sharb Risiilat oi-diriiyo by al-Shahid al-ThXni, Wusiii_al-okhyiir by uusayn b . 'Abd al-Samad, ol-Wa[7ro by Bah2' &Din al-'Amili, a/-Rawiishib 01- samiiwiyyo by al-Diimiid, Towfii, 01-moqiii by 'Ali al-Kani; MiqbCs 01-hidiiyo by 'Abd Allih al-Miimaqini, and Samb' a/-maqiil by Abu '1-Hudii al-Kalbisi. Also Fowii'id-i shiiriyo by al-Farihi , Lubb 01-Lubiib by Muhammad Ja'far al-Astariibiidi , Qawii'id a/-bodTth by al-Ghariii , and Qiyii' a/-diriiyo by PiyZ' al-Din al-'Allarna.

411 the above-mentioned principles are according to the Usiili school of S h i ' i law. The Akhbiris rejected iitihiid and prohibited the practice of rational argument in law. There a re some objections lo the practice of iftihiid in the traditions from the ImZms and in early S h i ' i works too. Most of these, however, refer to the Sunni version of iitihiid which in- cludes qiyiis and isLibs6n.

Chapter Two

GENERAL REMARKS ON SHT'T JURISPRUDENCE

The inference and discovery of legal norms (istinbiit) from the afore-

mentioned sources, which are in some cases contradictory, follow particular

rules which are explained by a special branch of scholarship known as

ugiii oi-fiqh (principles of law). This discipline is a collection of gcneral

rules and regulations on how to deducc positive precepts from the sources.

Some of these rules and principles have been borrowed from other discip-

lines such as logic, philosophy, theology and philology.

In the early periods of Islam, S h i ' i scholars wrote treatises on sornc

topics of usGI 01-fiqh, as is mentioned in the sources. But the oldest

extant work on usiil al-fiqh by a S h i ' i scholar is o l T a d i ~ k i r a b i -u~i i l al-

fiqh by al-Shaykb al-MuEd, Mullammad b . MuQammad b . al-Nuemin

al-Baghdidi ( d . 441311022), a summary of which is included by al-Karajaki

in his book Kanr al-fowz'id.

Next, there is a relatively voluminous work on this subject by

al-Sharif al-MurtaGZ, 'Ali b . uusayn al-Miisawi ( d . 436110441, entitled

a/-DharTCo ilii ugZl a/-shor7'o. The book of Shaykh al-Ti'ifn hlul~ammad

b . uasan al-Tiisi, 'Uddat 01-uiG14 is the most famous work on u ~ G l 01-fiqh

of early periods. It was a text-book in S h i ' i centres of learning for a

long time. Another rather old source is the relevant chapter of a/-Chunya

See IJasan al-sadr, p p . 310-12. It will be seen later on in this work that a group oS early S h i ' i jurists, who were contemporaries of the Twelve Imams, used rational argument and t h r rules of u$El a/-fiqh in the infer- ence of legal precepts.

Kari jaki , pp . 186-94 (see also Shaykh, 'Uddo, p . 2 ; Yiidniimo-yi shoykh-i TiisT, 111, p . 373; Brunschvig, pp. 201 f f ) .

Edited Tehran, 1967-9. Al-Murtadi had written independent treatises on almost all the topics of ugiil 01-fiqh (see his introduction to 01-DharT'o, I , p . 2). He also discussed the ugGl topic of okhbiir 01-iibiid in his a/- Dhakhpo, formally a work of koliim theology (see Shaykh, 'Udda, pp. 33-71,

Edited Tehran, 1313-14q and Bombay, 1312-18q.

by Ibn Zuhra al-Ejalibi (d . 58511189-90). K . a/-Mogiidir u j i i l 01-fiqh by

Sadid al-Din Mabmiid al-uimmasi, the Shi'i scholar of late 6thll2th century

is not extant, but some paragraphs of it are quoted in Ibn Idris 's ol-

S a r i i ' i r . Next, the works of al-Muhaqqiq Ja ' farb. Basan al-villi ( d . 6761

1277) such as Ma'Zrif a/-wugi i i , and then those of ai'AllZma uasan b. Yiisuf b.

al-Mutahhar al-villi (d . 72611325) such as TahdhTb 01-usiil, Mobiidi' 01-

wu$Zl and NihZyat a/-wusi i l contributed to the evolution of this discipline.

Following this period, many commentaries ( s h a r b ) and annotations

(bZsh iyo) appeared on the works of al-'Allima, some of which are listed in

Aghi Buzurg al-Tihrini's a/-DhorT'a i lZ tasi in i f a/-ShT'a. Two of the

most famous of these are the commentaries known as al-piyi ' i and al-

'Amidi5 which had a notable influence on the development of Shi ' i u$Ci

01-fiqh. AI-Shahid al-Awwal Shams al-Din Muhammad b . Makki 31-'Amili

( d . 78611384) assembled these two commentaries, together with some useful

notes by himself, in a volume entitled Jtimi' 01-boyn.

vasan b. Zayn al-Din al-'Amili ( d . 101111602) paved the way for con-

centrated discussions on u$Zl a / - f iqh by composing a systematic and well

arranged text as an introduction to his legal work Ma'iil im 01-dTn

Thereafter, numerous commentaries and annotations were composed on this

text , which has been a text-book in Shi ' i centres of learning since the

I l thl l7th century.

During the l l th l l7 th century, the most significant u l i i T views were

put forward by Yusayn b . Rafi' al-Din Muhammad al-Mar'ashi al-

IVlZzandarini ( d . 106411653-4), one of the authors of the commentaries to

Ma* i ; l~m. Zubdot 01-ugiil by Bahi' al-Din al-'Amili (d . 1030.1621) and

Wiifiyat 01-ugiil by 'Abd AllZh b . Muhammad al-Tun7 ( d . 107111660-1) are

among the best-known Shi'i u$Zl texts of this century.

In the 12thl17th century, the A k h b K school which repudiated the

discipline of u j Z l a / - f i qh , became predominant and inhibited its further

Edited Tehran, 1276q (in the collection of 01-Jowiim~' a / - f i qh i yya , pp. 523-49).

AB, XXI, p . 95.

"bn Idris, pp. 409-10.

AB, VI, pp. 54-5; XIII, pp. 165-70; XIV, pp. 53-4.

That is Munyat a/-IabTb by piyi ' al-Din 'Abd Allah b . Majd al-Din Muhammad al-A'raji al-gusayni, and Sharb a/-TohdhTb by 'Amid 31-Din 'Abd al-Mutialib b . Majd al-Din Muhammad al-A'raji al-uusayni. These two brothers were the neqphew of alF'Allima, and both lived in the first half of the 8thll4th century (AB, XIII, p . 168).

AB, V , pp . 43-4.

GENERAL REMARKS ON SHf'f JURISPRUDENCE 9

development. It was, however, revived with the appearance of a prominent

scholar in the last third of the 12thl17th century, Muhammad Biqir b .

Muhammad Akmal al-Bihbahini , known as 31-Wahid (d . 120511791), who

strove vigorously to combat the influence of AkhbZrism and to propagate

u j i i l a / - f i qh . His students also devoted themselves to the same cause.

Works such as QawiinTn a/-ugi i l by Abu '1-QZsim b. yasan al-GilZni, known

as al-Mubaqqiq al-Qummi (d . 123111816), a/-FugCl by Muhammad uusayn

b . Muhammad Rabim al-Igfahini ( d . 1250-411834-9), Hidiiyotal-mustarshicfTti

by Muhammad Taqi b . Muhammad Rabim al-Ihfahini (d . 124811833),

MafiitTb 01-ugiil by Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Karbali'i al-Tabitabi ' i , known

as al-Mujihid'(d. 124211827) and pawi ib i t a/-ugZl by Ibrihim b . Muhammad

Biqir al-Qazwini (d . 126211846), all of which were written by the pupils

and followers of al-Bihbahini's school, were instrumental in the progress

and the spread of ugijlT doctrine.

Shaykh Murtaai 31-Angiri , the great scholar and legal theoretician

( d . 128111864), systematically revised and reconstructed the methodology

of Shi ' i law, and extended the horizons and dimensions of this discipline.

The collection of his treatises on u$i i l a / - f i q h , entitled Rasii ' i l or Far i i ' id

01-ugZl is still used as a text-book in traditional academies of Shi ' i law.

In the school of al-Ansiri, which has continued up to the present date,

the principles of ugii i 01-fiqh have been continuously subjected to scrup-

ulous and minute examination by his disciples and followers. As a result

of the emergence of great scholars such as Muhammad Kizim al-Khurisini

( d . 132911911) author of Kifiiyayol 01-u$ii l , Muhammad vusayn al-Ni'ini

( d . 135511936), PiyZ' al-Din alFsArZqi (d . 136111948) author of MoqiilZt

01-ugCl, and Muhammad Ejusayn al-Igfahini al-Kumpini ( d . 136111942)

author of NihFyot a / -d i r i i ya , and through their incisive intellectual efforts,

Sh i ' i ugii l 01-fiqh is now the most elaborate in Islamic scholarship, and is

still subject to discussions and open to further development, changes and

perfection.

* * :x

As mentioned before, Sh i ' i law has four basic sources: the Qur ' in,

the Tradition, consensus and reason. The discipline of u j c l 01-fiqh aims

to show how the legal norms can be deduced from those four sources. In

some cases, however, the law cannot be directly discovered by resorting

to these. Special general principles have therefore been laid down for

such circumstances, and these are known in Sh i ' i jurisprudence as ugZl

'amol iyya (procedural principles). Thus, Shi ' i u$Cl a / - f iqh is divided

into two parts; one part discusses the method of infercnce of legal norms

10 A N INTRODUCTION TO s ~ f ' f LAW

from the four original sources; the other part examines the manner of

reasoning with the above-mentioned principles.

In the first part of ugiil a / - f iqh, the rules of reasoning with the written

code, the Qur'in and the Tradition, are discussed. At first there is some

semantic discussion relating to the nature of word-making, the use of

words in their metaphorical sense, and similar subjects. Then there is

general legal discussion about various implications of the imperative and

the negative imperative, general law and exception, absolute and condit-

ional laws, explicit and reverse implication, and ambiguous and clear

designations. Next, the validity of the four original sources of Shi ' i law

are investigated. Meanwhile the nature of law, legal judgments arrived at

through pure reason, and the valid means for arriving at knowledge of

legal obligations are discussed.

In the second part of Shi ' i u$El a / - f iqh , the legal basis and the scope

of validity of the procedural principles are examined. These are the four

principles of bori i 'o (exemption), ibt iy i i l or ishtighzl (prudence), tokhyTr

(option) and istisbiib (continuance). They cover all cases where the real

obligation is not known. If the case has a precedence, the same law should

continue according to the last principle. Otherwise the first principle

excludes any legal obligation where it is not known if there is such an

obligation. However, if there is a known obligation, but it is uncertain

between two or more options, all must be followed according to the second

principle if it is possible. But one option should be chosen according to

the third principle if it is impossible to follow both or all. These four

principles are very important in modern Shi ' i law. Considerable scholarly

efforts have been devoted to elaborating the methods and the conditions

of their application. Many logical and philosophical concepts are used and

discussed to this end, and new logical and philosophical ideas are developed

through these discussions. This part of ugiil a/-f iqh expanded signific-

antly during the last century. In earlier Shi ' i works on ugul a/ - f iqh, up

to the l0thll6th century, only a few pages or even lines were devoted to

these principles.

After the two parts mentioned above there is a chapter on conflict bet-

ween laws, followed in most works by a chapter on the necessary qualific-

See Mufid, Todhkiro, pp. 192-3; Shaykh, 'Uddo, pp. 296-302, 303-4; Mubaqqia, Mo'i i r i j , pp. 14456; idem, Mu'tabor, pp. 6-7; ' Allima, Mobiidi ', p . 56; idem, Nihiiyo, fols. 273a-277b; idem, TohdhTb, p . 105; Karaki, TarTq istinbiif 01-obkiirn, pp. 16-17; Uusayn b . 'Abd al-$amad, ' I q d , pp. 14-15, 23-5; $%bib al-Ma'ilim, pp. 227-31; BahZ' al-Din al- 'Amili, Zubdo, pp. 48, 72.

GENERAL REMARKS ON SHf'f JURISPRUDENCE 11

ations of a jurisprudent who must exercise and follow his own decision in

legal matters and of those of a jurisconsult whose legal decisions should

be followed by the ordinary people who are not able to discover their

obligations directly from the sources. * * *

What follows is a selected bibliography of modern Sh i ' i u$El 01-fiqh

developed during the last one hundred years. These are the most

important works of the school of al-Angiri, given in chronological order:

AL-ANSART: - Motiirih ol-onziir (his lectures complied by Abu '1-Qisim al-Tihrini),

~ e h r a i , 1 3 0 8 ~ - Farii ' id 01-u$Gl = ol-Rosii ' i l , edited many times (e .g . Tehran, 1296q)

A L - A S H T I Y ~ N ~ : Bobr 01-fowz'id ( a commentary on al-AnsZrils Fari i ' id a/-u$Gl), Tehran, 1300, 1314-15q

HADT AL-TIHRZNT : Moboijot 01-'ulornii' , Tehran, 1318-20q

'ALT B. FATH ALLAH AL-NAHAWANDT: ToshrTb 01-u$iil a/-kobTr, Tehran, 1316-20q

AL-KHURASANT : - Kifzyot 01-ugiil, Tehran, 1326-7q, 1341-2q, 1364q - Duror ol-fawF'id, Tehran, 1315q, 1318q, 1343q.

$ADIQ AL-TABRTZT: Al-Maqiiliit a/-Choriyyo, Tabriz , 1317q

'ABD 'AL-KARTM A L - ~ A ' I R ~ : Duror 01-fowii'id, Tehran, 1337-8q, 1344q, 1355q, 1361q, 1372q

AL-NA'TNT : - A jwod 01-toqriri i i (hisleclurcs co~mpiled by Abu '1-Qisim al-Khu'i),

Tehran, 1348q Fawii'id a / - u ~ i i l (another collection of his lectures compiled by Muhammad 'Ali al-KizimT al-Khurisini), Tehran, 1368q (vols. 1-2) Najaf, 1349-51q (vols. 3-41

QIYA ' A L - D ~ N AL-'ARAQY : - Moaiilo? 01-usiil. Naiaf. 13584 (vol. 1 ) . Tehran, 13694 (vol. 2) - ~ i h i i ~ o t 01-ojkiii (his lectures compiled by ~ u ~ a m m a d - T a q i al-

Buriijirdi) , Najaf, 1371-7q

MUUAMMAD IjUSAYN AL-I$FAHANT AL-KUMPANT: - Nihiiyot 01-diriiyo, Tehran, 1343-71q - A/-UgZl 'ala 'I-nahj 01-bodi?h, Najaf, 1957

ABU 'L-MAJD AL-I$FAHANT: Wiqiiyoi a/-odhhiin , [ I r an ] , 1337 q

AL-BURUJIRDT : Nihiiyot 01-u~Gl (his lectures compiled by lJusayn 'Ali al-Muntaziri) , Qum, 11377 q ? l

AL-KHU 'f : - Mubiidoriit fi u$Cl a/-fiqh (his lectures compiled by Mubarnmad Isbiq

al-Fayyid), Najaf, 1914- - M i ~ b i i b 01-u$;l (another collection of his lectures compiled by Mulpmmad

12 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

Sarwar al-Bihsfidi) , Najaf, 1377-86q

AL-KHUMAYNT: - TahdhTb 01 -u~ i l (his lectures compiled by Ja'far al-Subbani), Qum,

1373-82q - A/-Rasii'il, Qum, 1385q

MUVAMMAD RIQA AL-MUZAFFAR: UzGl a/-fiqh, Najaf, 1966

MUUAMMAD BAQIR AL-SADR: - DurEs F 'ilm a/-~$1, Beirut, 1978 - To'iiruCI a/-odillo a/-shar'iyya (his lectures compiled by Mabmfid al-

Hashimi 1 , Tehran, 1396q

Chapter Three

THE OUTLINES OF S ~ i ' i LAW

The subjects of Islamic law (fiqh) have been classified in different forms.

In Sunni law, they are usually divided into two categories: 'ibiid6t (acts

of devotion) and mu'tmoltt (here meaning worldly affairs) . Al-Ghazili ,

the Shif i ' i scholar ( d . 50511111) in his I b y t ' 'uliim 01-fin1 divided all

religious and moral injunctions into four groups, 'ibiidiit,'iidiii (ordinary

a f fa i r s ) , munjiytt (what ensures salvation) and muhlikiit (what causes

perdition). This classification had some influence on later Shif i ' i legal

tex ts , and inspired another procedure which divided legal subjects into

four groups: 'ibcddat, mu'rTmalZt, muncikabai (personal s tatus) and

jintytt or 'uqiibZt (penal law). In order to justify this latter division, it

is said that the subjects of fiqh concern either life in this world or life in

the hereafter. The subjects related to the former state of being are div-

ided into three par t s : those which regulate human relationships

(mu'tmuliit), those which preserve human kind (muniikabCt) and those

which protect both individuals and mankind (jiniiyiit). The subjects

related to the latter state of being, i . e . the precepts which should bring

happiness and welfare in the next life, a re 'ibiid6t. ' The oldest extant systematic codifications of Shi ' i law are found in

some works of jurists of the 5 th l l l th century. Abu '1-BalZl) al-galabi

( d . 44711055-6) classified, in his K. a / - K c fi '1-fiqh , the legal subjects

according to the religious precepts. IIe considered all religious dues to be

of three kinds: ' ibtdct , by which he meant not only the common acts of

devotion but all obligations including part of the category of mu'iimaliit,

GhazZlT, /by;', I , p . 3. See also Fayd, Mabajja, I , pp. 4-5.

See for example Qaffal, 111, p . 382; Ghazzi, p . 598; BZjfiri, 11, p . 332.

See JJaydar , I , p . 1 5/Mabmasini, p . 24 quoting al-Anqarawi a/-FatZwii 01-onqorawiyya (Cairo, 1281q1, I , p . 1. ' MuQammad al-XmuE , NaE'fs 01-funiin , p . 146.

14 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

muburromot (prohibitions) and abkzm (rules) . This latter term refers to

all legal precepts which do not impose any religious duty (action or ab-

stention) on Muslims, i.e. which cannot be included in the other two

categories.

Qiai 'Abd al-'Aziz b , al-Barrij ( d . 48111088) in his 01-Muhodhdhab

divided religious precepts into two categories, those which affect 011 the

people and those which do not. The former are 'ibiidot which are general

duties and for this very reason precede the rest of fiqh.

Another Shi ' i jurist of the samc period, Sall'ar b . 'Abd al-'Aziz al-

Uaylami ( d . 44811056-7) first classified fiqh in two sections: 'ibijdat

and mu'Zmol~t, then he divided the latter into 'uqcd (contracts) and

obk?im, and then divided abkzm further into jinoyct and other types of

rules.' A1-MuQaqqiq, inspired by this method, classified fiqh in his

ShorE'i' 01-1sli;m into four sections: 'ibiidzi, 'uqiid (here meaning

bilateral obligations), Tqo'ot (unilateral obligations) and obkiim. This

method was accepted by jurists who succeeded him. A1-Shahid al-Awwal

justified this classification in his 01-QowF'id by arguing that rcligious

precepts are concerned either with life on earth or life in the hereafter.

The former fall under mu'iimalot and the latter under 'ibFdCit. This first

category, the mu'Fmo/5t, is in turn divided into two parts since these are

precepts which either concern thc undertakings of individuals themselves

or those which are not related to the undertakings of individuals. These

latter are known as obkEim and include all judicial, penal and inheritance

rules, etc. Undertakings too are of two kinds since some are bilateral

('uqiid) and others unilateral (TqZ'?it). Al-Shahid offers the same

explanation in his Dhikro with the exception that in this book, the basic

difference between 'ibCdtit and other categories is that acts of devotion

must be practised in order to obey God and move closer to him, whereas

other categories do not carry this obligation. ' Some other scholars

ualabi, K z r , fols. 1-2. See also his Toqrib a/-mo'iirif, fol. 96a, in which he classified all religious duties into actions and abstcntions.

Ibn al-Barrij, Muhodhdhob, fol. 123b.

Sallir, p . 28.

Ih id . , p . 143. Mubaqqiq, Shorz'i ' , I , pp. 19, 163, 11, pp. 53, 135. See for example 'AllZma, TobrTr, I , pp . 1, 158, 11, pp . 52, 123.

See also Ni ' ini , I , p . 33. ' Shahid I , Qowo'id, p . 4 . See also Miqdid, TonqTb, fols. 3b-4a;

Shorb qorrot 01-bobroyn , fol. lb .

Shahid 1, DhikrZ, pp. 6-7. See also Jaw'ad al-'Amili, IV, p. 2 ; KalbXsi . fol. 2a.

THE OUTLINES OF SHT'I LAW 15

considered the basis for separating 'ibi;dzt from other subjects to be the

intrinsic beauty and superiority of the act of devotion itself.

Na$ir aalDin al-Tusi ( d . 67211274) followed a more philosophical ap-

proach and proposed a tripartite classification. He argued that the

religious laws concern individuals eithcr as individual bearers of respon-

sibility or as members of the family, or as people in society. The first

category is the section on 'ibodzt, the second is the rules included in

the section on muniikobtt and other parts of m u C ~ m a / t t , and the third is

siyiiszt (penal law).

Al-FiQil al-Miqdid (d. 82611423) proposed two other modes of division

in the classification of the legal subjects. Both approaches were inspired

by 01-Qow?'id3 of al-shahid al-Awwal. One method is based on the belief

that in the course of their moral development, human beings must acquire

the traits beneficial to human life and character, and reject those which

are destructive. Some of these beneficial traits may bring about instant

results, others more distant results, depending on the nature of these

traits. Acts of devotion belong to the latter category; rules relating to

marriage, transactions, food and drink (a/-of'imo wo 'I-oshribo) and the

like belong to the former. The precepts of penal law aim to combat those

destructive traits which inhibit the progress of human beings. This

metho?, thus, divides the subjects of fiqh into three categories.

The other mode of classification proposed by Miqdid divides fiqh into

six sections. This approach is on the basis that religions have been laid

down for the protection of the five basic elements of human life, viz:

faith, life, property, lineage and reason. Acts of devotion are the pillar

of faith; the criminal law which gives the right of retaliation to the

offended person is to create a guarantee for life; regulations concerning

transactions regulate financial relations and protect property; marriage

regulations, related laws and some penal precepts are for the reproduction

of the human race; precepts related to the prohibition of alcohol and the

punishment of drinkers of alcohol and the like protect human reason.

Moreover, legal precepts are laid down in order to protect the totality of

the Islamic system and guarantee its correct application. ' Kishif al-Ghiti' , Shorb a/-QowC'id, Pol. Za.

N a ~ i r al-Din al-Tiisi , p . 41.

Shahid 1, QowZ'id, pp. 4-6.

' Miqdid, TonqTb, fol. 41; also Jawid al-'Arnili, IV, p . 2 . The origin of the second approach can be found in al-Ghazili's 01-Mustozfi and al- Shitibi 's 01-MuwCfoqiit, I , p. 38. See also Abu '1-'Abbis al-UarrinT,

16 AN INTRODUCTION TO S H T ' ~ LAW

Mubsin al-Faya followed a new approach in his works on law and Tradition

such as 01-WX, Mu'tasam 01-Sh7a and MofiitTh 01-sharii'i'. He merged

some chapters of fiqh and changed the locations of some legal headings,

mostly for the purpose of ordering it according to the human life-cycle.

For instance, he put the chapters on death and the deceased, obkCm 01-

amwdt (which in previous texts were in the k. 01-tohiira, traditionally the

first chapter of f iqh), at the end, followed by the chapter on inheritance.

In this way, he tried to create a new codification for law and Tradition.

He divided fiqh into two sections: one on acts of devotion and the social

duties (a/-'ibdddt wo'l-siyCsCi) and the other on ordinary affairs and

transactions (a/-'iidiit wo'l-mu'iimoliit). ' Another method, which is inspired by modern western approaches to

the classification of legal subjects, divides topics of fiqh into the following

categories:

I 'ibiiddt

I1 Property. This may be of two kinds:

A . Public property, which does not belong to a person but is alloc-

ated for use in the general interests of the community.

B . Private property. The regulations 01 this section are discussed

in two independent parts:

1. The lawful means of ownership

2 . The rules concerning the disposal of property

111 Personal behaviour and practices, i .e . ordinary affairs which do not

concern religious devotions or financial matters. These are of two

kinds:

A . Family law

B . The rules for social relations and behaviour of individuals in

the society

IV Political subjects in general. * * *

p . 455; Zarqa', I , pp. 64-7; Zubayli, pp. 359-60; Mabma~ini , p. 2 5 ; Khallif, p . 57.

See Fayd, MofitTh, I , p. 1 4 ; idem, Wdfi, I , p. 16. See also Na'ini, I , p . 33. As one can guess from the titles of the sections, al-Fay0 was inspired to some extent in his proposal by the method of arrangement of al- GhazilT's lbyC' 'ulL7m 01-fin, which was summarized and refined by al-Fay0 in a book named 01-Mobolio 01-boyq'C' fi ibyC' 01-lbyii'.

Mubarnmad Biqir al-gadr, FotCwd, I , pp. 132-4.

THE OUTLINES OF SHT'i LAW 1 7

The chapters of Shi ' i law, which are called 'books ' (kutub, sing.

kitdb), are concerned with various legal subjects. Together they pro-

vide a catalogue of the personal and social duties of a Shi ' i Muslim.

The arrangement of these chapters varies in different texts, but

generally the chapters on devotions are located at the beginning, those

on transactions in tile middle and those on inheritance and the penal code,

at the end. In some Sunni legal works, the reasons for this arrangement

are given at the start of some of the chapters."

Sunni5 and Sh i ' i 6 authors have stated that the reason why they place

some chapters before others is that not only are these intrinsically more

important but that religion also endows them with an importance above

others.

Q i o i 'Abd alkQAziz b . al-Barrij holds that the arrangement of the

chapters is related to the generality of the subjects they treat. According

to him, acts of devotion which have to be practised by all Muslims at all

times and anywhere, have priority over transactions, executive rules, e t c . ,

which are restricted by certain conditions. Amongst the acts of devotion,

prayer, which is a daily duty for every Muslim and is, in fact, the most

regular Islamic duty, together with its requisite ritual purity (fohiiro),

come before the other acts of devotion.' Ibn uamza, another Shi ' i jurist

of the 6thll2th century, adopting the same view, evaluated the degree of

the applicability of each of these acts to devotion, and included a discus-

sion of this in the preface of his work 01-WasTlo. ' Abu '1-Fatb Mu4ammad

b . 'Ali b . 'Uthmin al-Karijaki (d . 44911057-8) arranged the chapters of

fiqh in his legal work called Bustiin like the branches of a tree. He tried

to connect the branches to each other so a s to create a natural arrangement

See for the use in this context of this term FujGi, fols. 84b-85a, 87b-88a; Shahid 11, Rowdo, I , p . 26.

A s was noted before, al-galabi inserted all obligations in the section on devotions, including parts of the sections on Tqii'dt and obkcim. A1-Shahid al-Awwal followed al-Ijalabi in some of his legal works (see especially Ni ' in i , I , p. 33).

In al-FayO1s works the penal code comes before the section on trans- actions. See for instance his MofCtTh, I , p . 14. ' See as an example Tabtiwi , 11, p . 2 .

Mubamrnad al-xmuli , Nafd'is, p. 146; FugGl, fol. 89a-b. 6 See for example Mubaqqiq, ShorC'i', I , p . 19; 'AlTama, Tabg~ro,

p . 1; Risdlo fi 'I-tahiira wo 'I-jalCt, fol. 34a.

Ibn al-Barraj, Sharb Jumol, p. 54; idem, Muhodhdhob, fol. 124. See also Shaykh, Iqtigdd, p . 239; Fugiil, fol. 89.

Ibn Jjamza, WosTlo, p. 662.

18 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

of the topics. In his pattern, the first chapter of each section was a

smaller branch growing from trunk of the tree itself. Each later chapter

in a section was a smaller branch growing from the main one. We do not

know any further details of his pattern which was described by one of his

contemporaries as a novel plan.

The different approaches adopted by the scholars with regard to the

codification of legal subjects resulted in a variety of arrangements of the

chapters in their hooks. There was also much disagreement about the

subdivisions of sections. For instance the number of acts of devotion is

five according to Shaykh al-r%'ifa3 and Ibn zuhra,%ix according to

~ a l l i r ,' ten according to al-galabi ,6 Ibn gamza7 and a l - ~ u b a ~ ~ i ~ % n d

forty-five according to Yabyi b. Sa'id. ' On the other hand, some authors, especially later ones, merged differ-

ent chapters and reduced the number of general titles as mush as possihle.

Thus there is considerable variation between legal texts in respect to their

arrangement and the number of chapters. For instance, 01-Nihiiyo by

Shaykh al-TZ'ifa has twenty-two chapters, his 01-Mobsiif seventy one,

Shorii'i' 01-Isliim by al-Mu'paqqiq fifty-two, Qowd'id 01-obkdm by al-

'AllZma thirty-one, his Tabsirat 01-muto'ollim'in eighteen, 01-Lum'o

01-Dimoshqiyyo by al-Shahid al-Awwal fifty-two, his a/-Duriis al-Shar'iyyo

forty-eight, Mofdt'ib a/-shord'i' by al-Faya twelve, and his 01-WiiF (which

is a collection of traditions) ten.

* * * What follows is a very brief description of the contents of Sh i ' i law,

according to the classification and arrangment of al-Mu'paqqiq's Shorz'i'

01-lsliim:

A . ACTS OF DEVOTION ('ibiidiit):

1. K . 01-lahiiro = ritual purity. The chapter includes some laws relating

to non-Muslims and the deceased.

Niiri, 111, p . 498; AB, 111, p . 105

See Kalbisi, fol. 21.

Shaykh, lqti$iid, p. 239.

Ibn Zuhra, p . 549

SallZr, p. 28.

galabi, KiiF, fol. 2b.

Ibn Bamza, loc. cit. 8 Mubaqqiq, Shard'i ' , I , p . 19.

Yabyi b. Sa'id, Nuzho, pp. 6 - 7 .

THE OUTLINES OF S ~ f ' f LAW 19

2. K . 01-$oliit = prayer. This chapter includes in some works scientific

discussions of the two topics of the times of prayer (owqiit 01-$ala) and

the direction of prayer (qiblo); there is also discussion on the social

status of the Shi ' i jurist (foqSh) and the nature of Islamic government in

the part devoted to Friday prayer.

3. K . al-zokiit = alms, the best known fiscal obligation of Muslims.

4. K . 01-khums, the one fifth tax which according to Shi ' i law covers

all kinds of revenue and not only the booty of war and treasure trove as

Suuni law maintains. A discussion about the authority of Shi ' i jurists is

included. Some laws relating to non-Muslim residents of Muslim territory

are to be found here, since one of the cases where khums is levied is land

sold to a non-Muslim by a Muslim. The chapter is followed by a discussion

of a n m , i.e. the property of the Isiamic state including all natural wealth

and wastelands.

5. K . al-sowm = fasting.

6. K . 01-i'tikiif = seclusion, which is regarded as a desirable act of

devotion in Islamic law, and should be performed in the congregational

mosque of the town.

7. K . al-bojj = pilgrimage to Mecca during the last month of the Islamic

lunar calendar, with its special laws and conditions.

8. K . ol-'umro = a simpler kind of pilgrimage to Mecca which can be

performed at any time of the year.

9. K . 01-jihiid = 'holy war', offensive and defensive, and in the second

case against either external or internal enemies. This chapter includes

discussion of the different categories of land within Muslim territory, on

the relation between the Islamic state and non-Muslim governments, on the

status of non-Muslims in Muslim territory, and the like.

1 0 . K.ol-omr b i 'I-mo'rzf wo 'I-nahy 'on ol-munkor = ordering what is

good and forbidding what is evil; rules and regulations of these Islamic

social obligations.

B. CONTRACTS ( ' u q i d )

1. K . al-tijdro = transactions; discussion about valid and invalid ways

of carrying out transactions, unlawful business, right of cancellation of

business agreements, conditions connected with contracts and similar

topics. It also includes discussion on ownership and the fiscal system as

applied to the various categories of land in Muslim territory, the legal

status of working for unjust rulers and their disposals of the properties

of the Muslims' treasury, and, in the legal works of the last century up to

now, a study of the authority of the Shi ' i jurist (wiliiyot ol-foq'ih).

20 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

Legal discussion about subjects such as music and interest on !oans is to

be found in the same chapter.

2 . K a/-rohn = mortgage.

3. K . a/-mufollos = bankruptcy, the responsibilities of the Islamic

state when somebody becomes bankrupt and his assets do not balance his

liabilities.

4 . K . a/-bojr = interdiction, cases where the owner is legally forbidden

from disposing of his own property, a s is the case with minors and the

insane.

5. K . 01-p'amZn = suretyship for claims, transference of the liability

with regard to a claim. The suretyship for persons (01-kofZlo bi 'I-nofs)

is also discussed in the same chapter.

6. K . 01-gulb = conciliation, the mutual agreement of two persons on a

certain matter, the details of which are not clear; for example, the mutual

agreement between the creditor and the debtor on a specified sum where

the amount of the debt is not precisely known.

7. K . 01-sharika = partnership.

8. K . ol-MudZraba = sleeping partnership, i .e. one party invests the

capital and the other provides the labour.

9 . K.ol-muziiro'o wo 'I-musiiqZt = share cropping, i .e. the landlord

entrusts his land to a cultivator (muziiro'a) or the owner of an orchard

gives it to someone to look after the trees (rnusiiqct), in return for a share

of the produce.

10 . K . 01-wafl'a = deposit, the safe-keeping of someone else's property.

11. K . 01-'Zrlya = lending an object gratuitously to someone to make use

of i t .

12. K . 01-ijZro = h i r e and lease, the sale of usufruct or the hire of

service.

13. K. 01-wikZlo = procuration, power of disposal on another.

14 . K. 01-wuqiif wa'l-godoqiit = endowments and charity.

15 . K . 01-suknz wo 'I-tabbTs = temporary donation of usufruct.

16. K . 01-hibZt = donation of objects.

17. K. 01-sabq wo 'I-rimiiyo = horse and camel racing and marksmanship

contests; the only two cases where betting is regarded as legal, for the

actual participants only.

18. K. 01-wo$iiyZ = legacies.

19. K. al-nikZb marriage.

C . UNILATERAL OBLIGATIONS (Tqz'Zt)

1. K . a/-jolZq = divorce

THE OUTLINES OF SHT'T LAW 2 1

2 . K . a/-khul' wo 'I-mubZro'o, two kinds of divorce by which the wife

redeems herself from the marriage for a consideration.

3. K . a/-rib+, that is a husband's statement to his wife, saying she

is like his mother (this was a saying occasionally used in Arab commun-

ities). This declaration requires a religious expiation (koffiro).

4. K . 01-Ti:' = a husband's oath to abstain from marital intercourse

for a period of more than four months, in which case he must either give

up his oath or divorce his wife.

5 . K. ol-li'iin, husband's affirmation, through a cursing oath and

before a court of law, that the wife has been unfaithful, and a similar

affirmation by his wife that the husband is lying. After such a counter-

affirmation and cursing the marriage is irrevocably dissolved.

6. K . olk'itq = the manumission of slaves.

7. K . 01-tadbTr wo 'I-mukiitobo wo 'I-istTlZd, these are three ways for

slaves to acquire their freedom. TodbTr is a manumission which takes

effect from the time of the owner's death. MukZtaba is a contract between

the owner and the slave by which the latter acquires his fredom against a

future payment. The third concept, istniid, refers to cases where a

female slave gives birth to a child for her owner, in which case she

becomes free on her owner's death.

8.. K . 01-iqrZr = acknowledgement of debt, family relationship and the

like. It is conclusive legal evidence for the creation of an obligation on

the part of the person who makes it .

9. K . 01-ju'iilo, the undertaking by a person to pay a certain sum in

return for the performance of some specific task, no matter who actually

performs it. For instance, someone offers a sum as a reward for the

return of some property of his which has been lost.

10 . K . a/-oymZn = oaths, undertakings stated in the name of God.

11. K . a/-nodhr = vow, an undertaking towards God to do or not to do

something, unconditionally or provided a certain wish comes true.

D . RULES (obk?im)

1. K . 01-joyd wo 'I-dhobZbo = hunting and slaughtering.

2 . K . 01-ol 'imo wo 'I-oshriba = food and drinks.

3. K . a/-ghazb = usurpation.

4 . K . ol-shuf'o = pre-emption, the co-owner's right to priority to buy

the other share of the property, so that he can dissolve the sale of that

share and take it into his own possession if it is sold to an outsider

without the co-owner's agreement.

5. K . ibyZ' 01-mowZt = reclamation of wastelands. This chapter

22 AN INTRODUCTION TO ~ ~ f ' f LAW

includes a survey of land law, and is normally followed by a s tudy of the

common property of the community (mushtorokiit), such as water and

pasture.

6 . K . oi-iuqoto = trove property.

7 . K . olkfort7'id = inheritance.

8. K. 01-qadZ' = arbitration, legal procedure.

9. K . 01-shohCd6t : witnesses.

10. K . ol-budijd wo 'I-toCrTrFt = penal law.

11. K . o l -q i~ t7~ = retaliation, the right of the offended person or his

hairs against the offender.

1 2 . K. oi-diyZt z blood-money and other financial compensations.

Chapter Four

/ The present legal system of S h i ' i fiqh has developed through various

phases, and has been reformed and elaborated by many em~nent scholars,

1 among whom are Shaykh al-Ti'lfa Mubarnmad b . uasan al-Tusi,

2 dl -~ubaqqiq Ja ' far b . Basan ai-I.I~lli, ai-'~11ima uasan b. ~ i i s u f b . ji ai-Mutahhar al-JJlili, al-Shahid al-Awwal Mubammad b . Makki al-'iimlli

I and G i b ~ b al-Madirlk Mubammad b . ' Ali a l - ' ~ I E ( d . 100911600).

1 In the legal sources, the hlstory of Sh i ' i law is usually divided into

two periods,' that of the ancient or early scholars (qudornC' or

rnutoqodd~mijn) and that of the moderns or later scholars (muto'okhkhirCn).

In works of the 6 th71hi 12th- 13th centuries, the contemporaries of the

twelve Imams were considered as the 'ancients' and those who came after

this era (i.e from 2601874 onwards) as the 'moderns'. A t times, the

1 expression 'ancients' is applied to Shaykh al-Ti'ifa and his predecessors3

( and the expression 'moderns' given to his successors.' Sometimes, how

ever , the expression 'moderns' 1s used by writers to mean scholars con-

temporary with themselves. In later sourccs the term 'ancients' means

thosc who llved before al-Mubaqqiq or a1-'Allima, and the term 'moderns'

refers to those who lived after them. In the sources of the 13thll9th

I century, thc expression muto'akhkhiru 'I-muto'okhkhirTn (the moderns 01

/ the moderns) IS used to mean, in earller works, thosc who came after

This division is other than that of traditionists in which the S h i ' i traditionists have been divided into ten sections (Jobaqo). The bases and criteria for these two divisions are quite different as well. (See A B , 111, p . 137, quoting Basan al-$adr in his Bughyot ol-wu'ot j'7 JoboqZt mosho'ikh 01-ij?ilot).

'Abd 81-Jalil al-Qazwini , p. 209; Mubaqqiq, Mu'tobor, p . 7 .

Shaykh al-'rz'ifa himself i s considered to be one of 'the ancients' in Shahid 11, Rawda, 11, p . 73. ' See for instance Mubaqqiq. Nukol, p.438; Yabyz b . Sa'id, Nuzho, p . 6 .

1bn Idris, p . 265; Uurr al-'Amili, Amai, 11, p . 5.

AN INTRODUCTION TO S H T ' ~ LAW THE PERIODS OF SHT'T LAW 2 4

2 5

al-Shahid a l -~wwal ' and in later works those who came after Sahib e s also explained when faced by questions from their followers that the

rect replies to their questions couid be graspcd and derived froin general al-Madirik.

This division does not adequately reflect the development of the law, mic legal principles.' On some occasions, the lmams themselves fol-

which can more exactly be defined by a division into eight periods. What ed what they advised as the correct method of reasoning and thus

follows is a brief description of these periods, together with a mention of ructed their followers on the proper procedure for inference of legal

the most eminent scholars4 of each pcriod and their main legal works. The period of the presence of the I m a m s is quite distinct from the

1. THE PERIOD OF THE PRESENCE OF THE ihl l i j~s ing periods of S h i ' i history in respect to the variety of koiiim It is generally believed that S h i ' i law was undeveloped in this period ogical doctrines held by Sh i ' i scholars. Many of the Imams' compan- which began with the Prophet and ended in 2601874. This is based on the were eminent kaliim theologians3 who held significant opinions on assumption that since the Imams were present and accessible, there was no ogical subjects, some of which have been quoted in the general koliim great urge to develop the practice of independent judgment and that law s , among them: IIishim b . al-Uakam, HishZm b . Salim, Zurara b . was limited to the transmission of traditions. This idea is not c0rrCCt. , Mu'min al-Tiq, Yiinus b . 'Abd al-Rabman (all of the 2ndl8th In order to have a better grasp of the situation, the circuinstances of r y ) , and al-Bazanti and Fa61 b . Shadhin (of the 3rdl9th century)? Shi'ism at the time have to be examined. other kaiiim SChOols of the time had followers among Sh i ' i thologians

(1) It can be clearly seen from religious traditions that S h i ' i Imams had e early centuries of Islam. persistently urged their followers to reason and use their minds. In the

ifferences of opnions on kaiiim theological subjects resulted in the case of discussions on Koliirn theology they praised and encouraged S h i ' i gence of a variety of tendencies and groups among the companions of theologians of their times. In the case of legal problems, the 1mZms

mims, causing intensive debates and arguments among then. Many stated explicitly that their own duties lay in explaining general ruies and e most prominent companions of the Imams had their own separate principles; whereas inferences in details and minor precepts for actual

cases were left to the learned followers of the ImZms.' The Imams some-

Khalkhali, 111, p . 174. ee for instance Kulayni, 111, p . 33; V , p . 357; Shaykh, TohdhTb, 3; VII, p . 297; idem, lstib$iir, I , pp.77-8; VII, p.297; 111, p .

Mudarris, 111, p . 439. r r al-'Amili, I , p.327; Jiimi' obtd7th a/-ShT'o, 1, pp. 116-18. 3 compare ~ i t h Rae? al-Din al-Qazwini's classification of the S h i ' i for instance Kulayni , 111, pp. 83-8; Burr al-'Amili, 11, pp .

scholars up to the mid-10thllGth century into seven genreations. See his 542, 546, 547-8. TiirTkh-i rnoshFhTr-7 imiimiyyo.

ee Iqbal, pp. 75-84. ' By these scholars are meant those whose legal opinions have been considered and quoted in the sources of fiqh . In these sources, the for instance $aduq, TowbTd, pp. 97-104; Mufid, FugGl, pp. 119- views of different S h i ' i jurists and even sometimes of Sunni ones a re , Awc'il a/-mOq6iiit, p . 116, and the whole text for the opinions of usually quoted before examining each case. Obviously, only the views of t is ; Kashshi, pp. 268, 275, 284-5, 490, 540-4; ~ u h p i ' i , VI , those scholars who influenced the development of law, were quoted and 6: al-Din al- Qazwini, QiyFfa, pp. 180-1; Majlisi 11, 111, taken note of. The names of these scholars and their famous reference , 300, 303, 305; Bihbahani, ToClTqFt, p . 8; ~ b i i ' ~ l i , pp . 45, works have been chronologically listed in the preface of Moqiibis oi-onwiir a ~ i m i Kashf 01-qin~?', pp. 198-200; ~ a m a q i n i , TanqTb, the intro- by a l -~avimi ( p p . 4-19). n , pp. 208-9. See also $afZ'i, pp. 36-68. Asad Allah al-Kivimi,

In the S h i ' i sources of law, there are special abbreviations for the as $%bib al-Maqabis ( d . 123411818-19) collected the different views

mpanions of Imams from early sources in a book entitled 01- names of the scholars and the legal sources, as well as some particular (see his Kashf 01-qinii', p . 71). terms; many of these a re explained in al-KhwinsZri's Rowp'zt, 11, pp. 114-15, and in the preface of al-KZgimils Moqiibis, pp. 19-22. MuEd, Sorawiyyo, p . 2 2 1 ; idem, A wii'ii 01-moqiiliit, p . 77;

' See Kashshi, pp. 268, 278, 484-6, 489-90, 538, 542; ~ u l a y n i , I , ibis 0 l ' ~ m o l bi-okhbiir 01-iibiid, fol. 142b; Najishi, p . 289; , 'Udda, pp. 54-5; idem, Fihrist , p . 190; Ibn Shahrashfib,

pp. 169-74; MuEd, TojbTb a/-i'tiqiid, pp. 171-2; ~ u h p a ' i , VI, pp. a P . 126; Quhpa ' i , V, p . 177; Mubarnmad al-Ardabili, 11, p . 234; 223-30, 293-307. 11, 111, p . 304; Futiini, p . 4 . ' "AiaynF ilqii' 01-uzZl iloykum wo 'oloykum a/-1afrT" (we must give

you the principles and you have to derive branches): Bazanti, p . 477; $aduq, 307: K a ~ i m i , TawbTd, Koshf p . 100; a/-qinF' Kashshi , , p p . 11-84. pp . 279-80; Majlisi 11, 111,

Faye, al-uoqq 01-mubTn, p . 7; Burr alb'lijmili, XVIII, p . 41 .

26 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW THE PERIODS OF S H T ' ~ LAW 2 7

groups of followers1 who sometimes branded each other as 'infidel' itionists of their town were hostile to them'.

(kiifir)' and many books were produced on these disputations and con- he S h i ' i books on rijiii (biographies of the narrators of Tradition),

frontations. It is interesting to note tha t , sometimes, members of one cially that of al-Kashshi, are full of reports on different theological

tendency or group would disagree even with their 'leader' on most aspects encies and opinions found amongst S h i ' i s of the f i rs t centuries of

of ideological principles." On the other hand, many S h i ' i s who gathered , The works display the impact of intensive arguments and contro-

around the Imams restricted themselves to the transmission of traditions ies, as well as the impact of the support given by the Imams to the

and refrained from theological debates. They did not look favourably upon logians and their concerns for the prosperity and productivity of

the S h i ' i theologians. The theologians who werc appreciated and favoured 'i thought. In his reply to the followers of Yiinus b . 'Abd al-Rabmin,

by the Imams, strongly resented the reproaches directed against them by were considered to be 'infidels' by the rest of the followers of ihe

the traditionists, and the Imams consoled the accused6 by saying that they ms, Imam 'Ali al-Ria2 would tell them: 'I see you moving in the path

should tolerate and act moderately towards their adversaries since the

latters ' capacity for understanding subtle points and minute nuances was ost S h i ' i jurists during the time of the Imams were among these

extremely limited. Some of the traditionists of Qum, too, squabbled with o ogians, as will be mentioned presently.

theologians, ' fabricated traditions in condemnation of the latter and at i r i Certain tendencies could be found in the S h i ' i community of the

uted them to the authority of the Imams, and wrote books in this vein. l o

On the other hand, the Imams recommended their followers to refer to

theologians and rcad their books. They even encouraged the people of

Qum to honour and respect S h i ' i theologians 'in spite of the fact that the

Durust b.Abi MangGr, p . 161.

See Kulayni, VII, p . 285; Kashshi, pp . 279-80. 498-9; Burr al- 'iimili, VI, p . 385.

For instance Hisham b . al-Hakam's treatise in refutation to Mu'min al-Taq (Najishi , p . 338); Rislila f lma'ni i H i s h h wa YEnus by 'Ali b . IbrZhim b . Hishim al-Qummi ( ibid. , p . 197); Risiilo fi 'I-radd 'alii 'A17 b. IbriihTm b. Hiishim fi mo'nii Hishiim wa YEnus by Sa'd b . 'Abd Allah al-Ash'ari ( ibid. , p . 134).

See for example Shaykh, Fihrist, p . 132, the biography of Abu Ja ' far al-Sakkik.

See Kashshi, e .g . pp. 279, 487-8, 496, 498-9. Sce also $adGq, TowbTd, pp . 458-60; Ibn TawGs, Kashf 01-mabajja, pp . 18-19; Burr al-'Amili, XI, pp. 457-9.

"ee Kashshi , pp. 498-9.

' Ibid. , p . 488. ' Ibid., p . 489, also pp. 483, 506; Mubammad al-Ardabili, I , p . 459,

11, p . 357; Abii 'Ali, p . 28.

Kashshi , p. 497. For examples of those traditions see p p . 491-6, 540-4; Ra rq i , Rljiil, p . 35; Bazanti, p . 478.

l o For example K . Mathiilib Hishiim wo YEnus by Sa'd b . 'Abd Allah al-Ash'ari (Najishi , p . 134) and K . a/-Ta'n 'a15 YCinus by Ya'qub b . Yazid b . UammXd al-KZtib al-Anbiri al-Sulami al-Qummi (ibid. , p. 350).

Kashshi, p p . 483-5, 506; NajZshi, pp. 346-8.

# period of the presence of the Imams whlch were opposed lo the tradlllon-

a ally predominant doctnne concerning the nature of the Imams. Some of

companions of the Imams did not accept that the Imams possessed

ne qualities such as infallibility and impeccability ('igma) but believed

they were pious learned men ('ulamii' abriir), who had merely a

arly authority. This view was supported by some of the S h i ' i

ogians of later periods, amongst them Abu Ja ' far Mubarnmad b . Qiba

5 5 , a S h i ' i scholar and theologian of the 4thilOth century, who was

ding figure in the S h i ' i community of his time,' and whose views

espected and referred to by later S h i ' i scholars. He supported

a that the Imams were merely pious scholars, who had a comprehen-

owledge of the Qur 'an and Tradition. He also refuted the idea that

ams had knowledge of the unperceivable ( 'ilm 01-ghayb) . Yet, in

f these opinions, his doctrinal stand was appreciated by later S h i ' i

s . ' At least some of the traditiouists of Qum, who were considered

ashshi , p . 489.

e $adiiq, Kh~$iil, p . 354; ~ u r r al-'Zmili, X I , pp. 429-30; Babr m, 111, pp. 219-20.

'Allama, Khuliiga, p . 143.

id . , p . 200. Some other opinions of this scholar, which are differ- m S h i ' i traditional and popular views, are quoted in the works of if al-Murtadi (see as an example his 01-ShiiF, p . 100).

ykh , Fihrist , p . 132; Ibn Shahrashub, Mo'iilim, p . 85; 'Allama, , p . 143. All stating that Ibn Qiba was gabTI, 01-madhhab or basan

28 AN INTRODUCTION TO S ~ f ' f LAW

as the backbone of the Shi ' i school, also held similar opinions with regard

to the Imims. It seems that the Nawbakhtis, too, thought likewise to some

extent.

Some of the companions of the Imims even believed that the Imams, just

like the jurists of those times, practised independent judgment ( r a ' y I 3 or

analogical reasoning ( q i y i i s ) . ' This position was also accepted by some of

the traditionists of Qum. Abii Mubarnmad Layth b. al-Bakhtari al-Muradi ,

known as Abii Basis, one of the most competent scholars among the com-

panions of Imim Ja'far al-gidiq6 who, according to many narratives was

praised by the Imams7 and was one of the four elite of the Shi ' i religion, a

did not accept the legal opinions of the seventh Imam, MZsi al-Kazim, and

thought that the latter had not yet acquired an adequate knowledge of

law. A number of other companions of the Imims are said to have held

similar views. l o

On this basis, some of the companions of the I~narns openly disagreed

with them in scientific questions," and sometimes they even argued with

them over points of disagreementl2 or asked them to present the reason

for the positions they held in legal question^.'^ Such controversies bet-

ween the companions of the Imims sometimes culminated in serious quarrels

breaking up friendships permanently, " while, according to customary

Mufid, To$bTb 01-! ' l iq i id, pp. 218-19.

See their views in similar cases in al-Mufld's A wo' i l a/-moqiiliit , for example pp. 78, 79, 80, 84.

Babr al-' UlZm, 111, p . 220. Also gaffar, B o ~ i i ' i r , p. 301; Mufld, Sorowiyyo, p . 2 2 4 ; idem, l k h t i $ i i $ , p . 274 ; Jiimi' obcf l th 01-ShT'o, I , p . 273.

' KZv,imi, p . 83.

~ u f i d , To$bTI;I 01- i ' t iq i id, p. 219.

Kashshi, p. 238; Tustari , Qiimiis 01-ri j i i l , VII, p . 451.

Kashshi , pp. 136-7, 170; QuhpZ'i , V, p . 83; Mubammad al- Ardabili, 11, p . 34.

a Kashshi , pp. 238-9. The others are Zuriira b . A'yan, Muhammad b . Muslim and Burayd b . Mu'awiya al-'Ijli.

Ibid., p. 173; Quhpi ' i , V , pp. 84-5 .

" Kashshi, pp. 147, 148, 158.

K i ~ i m i , pp. 71-2.

l 2 Ibid., p . 72.

l 3 See for instance Kulayni , 111, p. 30; gadiiq, FoqTh, I , pp. 56-7; idem, ' I l o l , I , pp. 264-5; Shaykh, TahdhTb, I , pp. 61-2; idem, I s t i bg i i r , I , pp. 62-3; Burr al-'Amili, 1, p. 291, 11, p. 980.

l4 See Kulayni, I , pp. 409-11; NZri, I , p . 555.

THE PERIODS OF SHf'T LAW

ght , those cases of dispute ought to have been taken to the

Bms for their judgment, a practice usually followed by most faithful

) As mentioned already, the inference of legal precepts in Shi ' i law is

ndamentally based on logical analysis and reasoning within the framework

~ur ' i i n i c texts and Tradition. Rational argument is accepted on the

8 basis of Aristotelian deduct~on, whlch brlngs certainty according to the

nciples of that logical system. The kind of analogical reasoning which

entitled qiyi is in Islamic law was rejected by the Shi'a from the time it

me into Islamic law, in the 2ndl8th century, because it leads only to a

obable cause for a precept, not to the certain one. Some cases of qlyi is

which the real cause of a precept is found are, a s mentioned before,

cepted in Shi ' i law.

In the first centuries, the traditionists who were opposed to any kind

tional argument held that this mode of arriving at categorical judg-

s amounted to qiyi is and was therefore unlawful. Some later scholars

d it permissible qiyi is, ' while in fact this mode of analysis bears no

ection with the Sunni concept of qiyi is. It seems that in the religious

ality of the Shi'a of the first centuries, all kinds of rational argument

were considered a klnd of qlyi is. Thls was perhaps caused by some out

or terminological similarities. Then, traditionists believed that the

ctions found in Shi ' i Tradition which forbade the practice of qiyzs

also applicable to any other mode of rational analysis.

hese traditions also forbid practising independent judgment, which is

d r a ' y in legal terminology. In the legal usage of the early periods,

erm i j t ih i id was used7 in the sense of personal judgments including ro 'y .8

; AbZ Mangiir al-Tabrisi, 11, p . 284.

Ibn Bazm, I b k t m , VII, p . 177; idem, Mulokhkhos ibt i i l ao i ro 'y wo '1-

Karaki , TorTq ist inbi i t 01-obkiim, p. 17. Because of the same inter- ation, later Akhbiris accused Ugiilis of following the practice of qiyi is

heir legal judgments. See for instance Busayn al-Karaki, chapter 8.

A/-Masii' i l a/-Muhanni i ' iyyo, fol. 92a; Shahid 11, Rowp'o, 111, p. 65. also Bihbahini , TobqTq fil ' I -q iy i is , fol. 85a.

AI-Mosii'il 01-Muhonnii ' iyyo, fol. 92a; Miqdid, TonqTb, fol. 3a; ahani, TobqTq f i ' I -q iy i is , fol. 85b.

See Kashshi, p . 189; Mubaqqiq, Mo' i i r i j , p . 127.

See as examples Abu 'I-Ijusayn al-Bagri, pp. 689, 722, 761-6; Qadi i n , l kh t i l i i f u $ i l 01-Modhiihib, pp. 203-28; Mufid, Fu$Cl, p . 68;

, DhorT'a, pp. 672-3.

ee further the article id j t ihcd in E l , 111, p. 1026.

30 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

This explains why Shi ' is refrained from the use of the term i j t ih i id until

the 6thIl2th century. I It also explains the objections raised in Shi ' i

theological works toward i j t i hod , and the refutation of its legitimacy in

works written by S h i ' i theologians like the Nawbakhtis, 'Abd Allih b .

'Abd al-Rabman al-Zubayri' and Abu '1-QZsim 'Ali b . Akjmad al-Kiifi.

All these were against i j t ih i id in the above sense. Otherwise i j t i h i i d , as a

rational mode of reasoning, was quite an acceptable phenomenon among

many Shi ' i s from the 2ndl8th century onwards, and from late 4thll0th

century it emerged as the only method by which legal subjects were

approached. these analytical and rational methods of Shi ' i scholars of

the early centuries of Islam appeared to amount to r a ' y and qiy i is in the

eyes of strict traditionists who objected to the rational analytical modes of

reasoning in law. ' (5 ) In some traditions, it is reported that some companions of the Imams

practised qiy i is on occasions when instructions over a particular problem

were not explicitly and clearly givenin the Qur ' in and Tradition, and

that some of them were practising the method of r o ' y . Some of the most

knowledgeable companions of the Imams whose opinions and judgments are

cited in legal sources, have been accused of following the practice of

qiyZis. Among them are Fa(i1 b . Shadhiln al-Naysibiiri , author of

o/-Tdiih ( d . 2601873-4) whose opinions on some legal subjects such as

divorce and inheritance, and on some questions of u$Z/ 01-fiqh are quoted

in the sources,10 Yiinus b . 'Abd al-Rakjman, whose opinions are cited in

See Mukjammad BZqir al-gads, DurGs, I , pp. 55-64.

See for instance Mufid, A wi i ' i i 01-moqiiiiit, p. 127; idem, Fug i i l , pp. 66-9. Also Nu'miini , TofsTr, pp. 95-6; Murtaai, DhorT'a, pp. 792-5; idem, / n t i $ i i r , p . 98.

q q b i l , pp. 94, 117, 118, 120.

Najishi , p . 163.

Ibid. , p . 203.

This is according to the predominant Ugiili school of Shi ' i law. The Akhbiris rejected the validity of all kinds of rational argument in law, as noted before.

7 ' Books such as 01-Rodd 'a l i i man r o d d Cthiir a/-RosCl wo i ' tomad 'a15 not i i ' i j o l - ' u q i l by Hilil b . Ibrihim b . Abi '1-Fat12 al-Madani (Najishi , p . 344) are written with the same understanding.

Durust b . Abi Mangiir, p . 165; Barq i , Muhiisin, I , pp . 212-15; IJimyari, p . 157; Kashshi, p . 239; Mufid, l k h t i $ i i $ , p. 275; IJurr al- 'Amili, XVIII, pp. 33, 38; Niiri, 111, pp . 176-7; Jiimi- ohOd7th a/-ShT'a, I , pp. 274-6.

Barq i , MahZisin, I , pp. 212-15; Kashshi , pp. 156-7.

See Kulayni, VI, pp . 93-6, VII, pp. 88-90, 95-6, 98-9, 105-8, 116-18,

some chapters of f i q h such as prayer , alms tax, marriage and inheritance,'

u r i r a b . Aryan al-Kiifi, Jam3 b . Darr i j , the most learned companion of

sixth Imim, Ja'far al-Sidiq, 'Abd Allah b . Bukayr, a great S h i ' i

ist of the 2ndl8th centuryb and a number of other famous companions,

o were accused of and blamed for their practice of qiy i is . It is almost

tain that the above were supporters of the analytical mode of reasoning

d not of the Sunni concept of q iy i i s . Their judgments, many of which

ve been collected by Asad Allah al-Kizimi confirm this point.

It is evident from what has been said in the five sections above that in

e period of the presence of the Imams, two legal tendencies existed in

e S h i ' i cotnmunity. One of them adhered to an analytical, rational ap-

oach toward legal problems within the framework of the general

inciples of the Qur'Zn and Tradition. ' The other was a traditionalist

8 approach whlch relled on transmitting traditions wlthout any further infer

ntial derivation of law.

Many S h i ' i jurists of this period are mentioned in thc Shi ' i works on

m 01-riji;19 and other sources.1° The names of some of thein are also

heir works in Ibn al-Nadim's K . a / -F ih r i s t .

161-2, 168; $adiiq, FoqTh, IV, p . 197; ib id . , q n i ' , pp. 170, 175-6; Mufid, FugZl, pp. 123-4; Murtapa, l n t i $ 5 r , 286; Ibn Shahrishiib, M a t h t l i b , fois. 233b-234a; Shahid I , DurEs , 263; idem, QawC'id, p. 316; Najafi, XVI, p . 90.

See Kulayni, VII, pp. 83-4, 115-16, 121-5; $adiiq, M u q n i ' , p . 175; r t ap i , Int isZir , pp. 77-8; 'AIlima, Mukhtalaf , 1, p . 136; Shahicl I , r i i s , p . 57; idem, Qowi i ' id , p.325; 'abd Allih al-Tiini, £01. 97.

Kashshi, p . 156. See for some of his legal views Kulayni, VII, 97, 100-1.

Kashshi, p . 375. Some of his legal opinions are quoted in the urces, e . g . Kulayni, VI, p . 141, VII, p . 256; Shaykh, TohdhTb, X ,

137; idem, / s t i b$Cr , IV, p . 253.

Kashshi, p . 345.

gadiiq, FoqTh, IV, p . 197; Murtapa, lb f i i i a/- 'omoi b i -okhb i i r ol- i i d , Sol. 142b; Futiini, p . 4 4 ; Bahr al-'Ulum, 111, pp. 215-19;

ia imi, p . 83. See also Shaykh, ' U d d o , p . 51.

See his Kashf ~ l - ~ i n o ' , pp. 82-3, 198, 244 as some examples.

' See Kashshi , p . 156.

See also K h u m a ~ n i , Risiila f i ' I - i j t ih i id wo ' 1 - l o q r d , pp. 125-8.

For instance Kashshi, pp . 238, 375, 556, also p . 484; Shaykh, r i s i , p. 52; Ibn Diwiid, p . 272.

A s an example Mufid, A/-Radd '015 aghiib aol 'adod, p. i28; Shaykh, dh7b, VIII, p . 97. See also Elasan al-$adr, pp. 298-302. ' See Ibn al-Nadim, pp . 275-9.

32 AN INTRODUCTION TO S H ~ ' ? LAW THE PERIODS OF SHT'T LAW 33

the opinions of the jurists of this period are quoted i n the legal works of hose mentioned in the traditions. The legal works of this group of

later periods. aditionists were collections of traditions compiled according to their sub-

ct matter, and sometimes with the omission of the chain of transmitters 2 . THE FIRST CENTURY OF THE OCCULTATION

niid). Traditionists such as : In the period of the 'Minor Occultation' (2601874-3291941) and until the

Mul2ammad b . Ya'qiib al-Kulayni latter part of the 4thIlOth century, three different legal schools existed

) Mubarnmad b . al-Uasan b . Ahmad b . al-WaIid ( d . 3431954-5) in the Sh i ' i community.

) Muhammad b . 'Ali b . Babawayh al-Qummi , al-Sadiiq I . The School of the traditionists (Ah/ a/-baflth) 11 into this group. Thelegal choices4 of al-Kulayni and al-SadGq This was a continuation of the conservative legal tendency of the period

ve been quoted in the legal sources. of the Presence, and likewise devoted its efforts to collecting, recording

) The other group followed traditions without compromise and completely and preserving the traditions from the Imams. The adherents of this nored the 'principles of u$G/ a/-fiqh and the rules by which a tradition school, like their predecessors in the time of the Imams, were not sym- uld be examined. They completely ignored the procedures of debate, pathetic to rational arguments in religious matters, and condemned even asoning and modes of discourse .'6 The extreme tendencies of these those efforts which applied rational argument toreligious questions in order

h i ' i traditionists were comparable to the tendency of the Vashwiyya in to strengthen the Sh i ' i point of view. This school resembled in its out- unnism which was the most extreme and inflexible Sunni traditionist look the Sunni school of traditionists, where Armad b . uanbal "and his

hool. However, in the works of Shi ' i theologians of the 4th-6thI fo l lowers~e jec t ed kaliim even when used in defence of Islam.

0th-12th centuries, lerms such as bashwiyya8 and muqo/lidag together In their legal approach, there were two groups of traditionists who

th the terms a$biib o l - b ~ d T t h ' ~ and akhbiirisyol' were applied to all differed among themselves:

p.2; Amin al-Astarabzdi, op. c i t . , fol. 101b. ( a ) Those who only accepted traditions which were related by transmitters

K. 01-MuqniC sy $adGq is an example of this sort of 'legal works'. whose reliability had been thoroughly examined. Their knowledge of the e especially p . 2 of this book. traditions dealing with legal questions was extensive. They recognized "haykh, Fihrist, pp. 135, 156, 157; Tus tar i , Sahw a/-Nab?, p. 9. and implemented those principles of u$G/ a/-fiqh which were contained in e also Angir i , Rosii'il, p . 87.

the traditions of the Imams. ' Like Sunni traditionists, ' however, they

were chary of writing about legal subjects with words other than exactly

See for instance the introduction to al-Mubaqqiq's a/-Mu'tabar, p .7, in which he says that he will quote the views of five jurists of that period. Also 6ZQib al-MadZrik's Hidiiyat a/-fiilibin, £01. 4b. Also the Preface to al-Kazimi's Maqiibis a/-anwzr, p . 23, in which six such scholars are mentioned. See also Shaykh, TahdhTb, VIII, p . 97.

SadUq, ICtiqiidiit, p . 74. See also Mufid, Ta$bTb a/-i'tiqcd, pp. 169- 70; Shaykh, Ghayba, p. 3.

Ihn al-Jawzi, Moniiqib Abmad, p . 205. ' Ibn QudZma, T o b r h a/-naror fi kutub ah/ a/-kaliim, p . 1 7 .

Later traditionists followed their predecessors in this case. Al-J.3urr alk'hnili , the renowned Akhbzri scholar of the late I l t h . 17th century, wrote a treatise against studying 'ilm a/-kaliim CAB, XXIV, p. 431).

Shaykh, 'Udda, p . 248; Kizimi, Kashf a/-qinz', pp . 207-14; 'Abd Allah al-Tiini , p. 97; Amin al-AstarZbZdi , Jawiib rnasz'il a/-Shoykh Uusoyn, fol. 1Olb.

See 'Abd al-Majid, pp. 288-9.

' Both al-Kulayni and al-SadUq in the introduction to their two main orks, viz. K . a/-KiifTand Man 1; yobQ'uruh a/-faq?h respectively, acknow- dged the authenticity of what they transmilted in those books. Thus in e cases of conflict between traditions, the one they accepted and nar- ted in their works, demonstrates their viewpoints in each specific case.

Muraqqiq, Mu'tobar, p . 7; SZpib al-Madirik, Hidiiyot a/-JalibTn , 1. 46; Ka~ imi , Maqiibis, p . 23.

' Shaykh, 'Udda, p. 248; Kazimi, Kashf 01-qinii', p . 202.

See Mufid, lf$iib, p . 77; idem, A wii'il a/-maqii/zt, p . 65; Murtaoi 1-Razi, p . 46.

Mufid, Ukbariyya, fol. 59a; idem, A wii ' i i a/-rnaqiiliit, p . 86; idcm, wiib ah/ 01-Uii'ir, p.114; 'abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini, pp. 3 , 235, 272, 285, 9, see also Mubaqqiq, Mu'tabar, p . 6; FayQ, a/-U$ii/ 01-a$?la, p.61.

MuEd, Jawiib ah/ a/-Uii'ir, p . 112; Shaykh, 'Udda, p. 54.

and the like (o~b i ib a/-okhbiir, ah1 a/-ba&th, ah1 a/-akhbiir etc. 1. See f id, a/-Rodd 'a15 albiib a/- 'odad,p. 124; idem, A wii'il ol-maqiiliit, pp.

-1, 87, 88, 89, 92, 101, 108, 118; idem, Ta$bTb 01-i'tiqiid, pp. 186, 2; idem, Sarowiyya, pp. 222, 223; Murtaaa, Tobbiiniyyiit, fol. 2; idem, -Mow$i/iyya 01-thiiiitho, fol. 40a; idem, Tariibuiusiyyiit, fol. 1 1 0 ; idcm, Radd 'a15 o$biib aai'adad, fol. 130b; Shaykh, 'Udda, p. 248; idem, aybo, p .3 ; Ibn Idris, pp. 5, 249. See also Shaykh, MabsiiJ, I , p . 2 .

Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini, P O . , 3, 236, 2 7 2 , 282, 285, 458, 529, 568-9;

34 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'~ LAW

the adherents of the traditionist tendency, even the former group.

In the sources of ' i lm a/ - r i j i i l the names of some jurists of this branch

of the traditionists have been recorded, such as Abu '1-IJusayn al-Nashi',

'Ali b . 'Abd Allah b. WugayI ( d . 3661976-7) who is said to have dis-

cussed law in the same way as oh1 al-&7hir. ' Flowever, due to the school's

refusal and failure to apply reason and rationality and also due to thc

absence of any ideas and original thought of their own, the decisions of

its adherents2 did not gain any legal validity and were totally ignored in

the sources. 9 s noted, their judgments were nothing but references to

traditions.

The traditionist school which, in the period of the Presence, was one

of the two prevailing tendencies of Shi ' i scholarly circles, gradually

gained control over the whole Shi ' i intellectual community, and totally

suppressed the rational theological and legal tendencies which were based

on reasoning. The school of Qum, which in those days was the most prom-

inent religious centre of the Shi ' is , was completely dominated by this

current and the Qummi scholars were all traditionists4 objecting to any

kind of reasoning and analytical thought in the S h i e i community. The

overwhelming majority of Shi ' i jurists during this period and up to the

late 4thllOth century were adherents of this school of thought.'

As will be explained later, in the last decades of the 4thllOth and early

5 th l l l th centuries, the school was swept away by the teaching of al-Shaykh

al-Mufid and his disciple al-Sharif al-Rlurtada. Although a small number of

its adherents survived, here and there, in later periods6 none of them

gained prominence or influenced Shi ' i thought.

The methodology and beliefs of the adherents of this school have been

'AllZma, NihCyat 01-wuscl, fol. 200b. See also Shahrastani, pp. 169, 178; Sharif al-JurjZni , p. 629; Fakhr al-Razi , MobsGI (quoted in Ki~imi , p . 203) .

Shaykh, F i h r i s t , p . 89.

It should be noted here that there were diffcrences of opinions among the adherents of this tranch of traditionists too, as the traditions of the Imams were sometimes contradictory, and each of those jurists was decid- ing legal problems according to those traditions he had received.

Murtaai, 01-Rodd ' o l a asbFib 01-'odad, fol. 130b; idem, Tabbi in iyyzt , fol. 2 ; idem, ol-Mow$i/iyya 01-thi i l i tha, fol. 40a.

"urta&i, lbt??l 01-'omol bi-okhbi i r a/-Cbiid, 101. 142b; Futiini, p . 4 . See also Shaykh, F i h r i s l , p . 157.

Shaykh, ' U d d o , p . 248; 'Allima, Nihiiyat 01-wu$G/, fol. 200b.

'Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini , p. 568.

THE PERIODS OF S H T ' ~ LAW 3 5

escribed and criticized in the works of al-Mufid and al-MurtapZ. ' 11. 'Qadimayn'

While the traditionist school was predominant in Shi ' i academic circles

the second half of the 3rdl9th and a greater part of the 4thllOth

turies, two important figures emerged among Shi ' i scholars, each of

om had his own particular approach to law. Both practised rational

soning in legal thought. Hence, their methods can be considered as a

tinuntion of the exercise of analytical and rational thought in law which

isted in the period of the presence of the Imams. They are rcgarded2

constituting the first school of Sh i ' i deductivc law, based not merely

collections of traditions but on speculative analysis and rational

Although these two personalities represented two differcnt legal percep-

ns and approaches, in many cases, they arrived at the same conclusiolls

d issued similar opinions on legal problems. Their legal judgments arc,

erefore, quoted jointly in the sources as the opinion 01 the Qadimayn,

e Two Ancient (scholars). They are:

1) Ibn Abi 'Aqil, Abii Mubarnmad wasan b . 'Ali b . Ahi 'AqZ al-

'UminT al-Hadhdhi', of the first half of the 4thllOth century.'

He is the author of a legal work entitled 01-Mulomossik bi-bob1 T i1

01-Rosijl, which was onc of the most renowned legal sources during

the 4th and 5thllOth and 11th centuries.

) Ibn al-Junayd, Ahii 'Ali Muhammad b . Abmad b. al-Junayd

al-KStib al-Iskafi , of the middle of the 4thllOth century. IIe is

- See Mufid, Sorowiyya, pp. 222, 223; idem, TagbTb a / - i ' t i q z d , p.222;

em, ' U k b o r i y y o , fol. 59a; idem, JowZib oh1 01-vo ' i r , pp. 112, 116; idem, Rodd 'o lZ osbiib 01- ' odod , p. 24; Murtaoa, 01-Mawgiliyyo 01-thCIitho,

1.40a; idem, T o b b f i i y y z t , fol. 2 ; idem, a/-Rodd 'olC ogbzb 01-'odod, 1.130b: idem. IbtZI o l 'a rna l bi-okhbCr aalZbiid, fol. 142b. See also

haykh, Choybo, 6 . 3 ; idem, MobsZl, I , p . 2 ; idem, ' U d d a , pp. 54, 48; 'Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini, pp. 529, 568.

See Babra12Uliim, 11, p. 218.

This name was invented by Ibn Fahd al-JJilli ( d . 84111437-8) in early thll5th century. See his 01-Muhadhdhob 01-bi i r i ' , fol. 3a. See also his -Muqtagar, fol. 2a.

In a letter to Ja'far b . Mubarnmad b . Qiilawayh ( d . 3691979-801, Ibn i 'Aqil permitted him to narrate his works (NajZshi , p. 3 8 ) .

NajZshi, p. 38; AB, X I X , p. 69.

He was in Naysahfir in 3401951-2 and enjoyed the respect of its people ufid, $@hFniyya, p. 17). One of his works is a book of answers he ve to the questions of the Buyid Mu'izz al-Dawld, who died in 3561967 a j i sh i , p . 301) .

36 A N INTRODUCTION TO SI-17'7 LAW

the author of Tohdhrb 01-ShT'o 1;-obkk 01-shorTca and aI-Afin~007

fi 'I-fiqh a/-Mufiommofi.

These scholars were, thus, nearly contemporaries. Ibn Abi 'Aqil,

who slightly preceded Ibn al-Junayd, ' was a koliim theologian. He may well be considered a precursor of the legal method of the kaliim theologians

of Baghdad who formed the third era in the development of S h i ' i law to

be discussed later. Like other kolrm theologians, he did not consider

traditions transmitted by a single or a few transmitters (okhbiTr 01-CbLTd)

as valid. It is cvident from his judgments that his legal approach was

firmly based on general Qur'iinic principles and widely transmitted trad-

itions. In cases where there was a general principle in the Qur'iin to

which an exception was made in traditions, Ibn Abi 'Aqil would maintain

the general validity of the Qur'inic principle and ignore the traditions,

unless the latter had been universally and unquestionably accepted. In view of the proximity of his time to that of the Presence, however, the

uncertainty with regard to the reliability of many traditions affecting

later discussions was not yet felt to be a serious problem and there was

less disagreement concerning the opinions of the Imams on fundamental

legal principles arising from contradictory traditions. ' Because of this,

the traditions which Ibn Abi 'Aqil attributes to the Imims in his hook

have comc to be accepted entirely by Sh i ' i scholars after him. His legal method also was appreciated by later scholars, and his legal opinions are quoted in most Sh i ' i sources.

Ibn al-Junayd was not held in such high esteem and his legal method

was criticized by both his contemporaries and by later scholars. IIe, too, was a kolzm theologian and produced many works on theology. Among these was one written In defence of Faal b . Shidhin , a supporter of reasoning in law and theology. In lcgal matters, Ibn al-Junayd held the

Babr alh'Uliim, 11, p . 218.

Najishi, p.38; Shaykh, Fihrist, pp.64, 194; Ibn Diiwiid, p. 111. ' Tustar i , QiimGs, 111, p . 198. For similar legal appoaches in Sunni

school sce 'Ahd a l - ~ a j i d , pp . 219-24 , 236.

" See for example gZQib al-MadZrik, p . 219, 5 r Aliima, Mukhtolof, 11, pp.157, 167; Miqdid, TonqTfi, fol. 88b. See

also ' ~ b d nl-Majid, pp. 267-8 for silililar cases in Sunni law.

NajZshi, p . 38; Ibn Idris, pp. 99, 192, 397, 398

Najiishi, pp . 301-2; Shaykh, F ih r~s l , p . 134.

NajZshi, p . 302.

THE PERIODS OF SHT'T LAW 31

val~dlty of okhbiir ool6tlifd as a source of law' and because of thls , al-Mufid

ranged him among the t r a d i t i ~ n i s t s . ~ He relied, however, on rational

analysis when it came to comprehending, inferring and extracting legal

principles from the sources and contrary to the traditionists who looked at

the literal meaning of tradition alone, he appears to have aimed at a gen-

eral legal interpretation of each tradition through comparison with other

similar traditions. In accordance with a commonly accepted practice in

later Sh i ' i law, he appears to have tried to discover the rationale ('illa)

of a precept. ' As mentioned, this method which establishes general

principles in legal matters without the need to rely on the specific texts in

traditions in.every case, was held to be a kind of qiycs in the early

centuries and was rejected by Sh i ' i jurists in the same way that they

rejected the Sunni concept of q i y a . Like the adherents of rational

reasoning in the time of the Presence, among whom was Fadl b . ShZdhin,

Ibn al-Junayd was accused of employing qiyZs5 and ra 'y . As a result,

the works of Ibn al-Junayd were abandoned, in contrast to the works of

Ibn Abi 'AqTI. Thus, his legal opinions did not receive much attention

during the third and fourth stages of Sh i ' i law,' in which legal thought

was affected to a great extent by the school of the traditionists.

In defence of his methodology, Ibn al-Junayd wrote a number of books,

the titles of some of which indicate his method in law, notably Kashf a/-

tamwTh wa'l-ilbcs "alZ oghmiir a/-ShT'a iT omr a/-qiyZs and If-hZr mZ

sataroh oh1 01-'iniid mmin 01-riwiiya 'an o'immat a/-'lira F omr a/-ijtihiid.'

Among prominent S h i ' i theologians, Abii Mubammad gasan b . Miis2 al-Nawbakhti (early 4thilOth century) also maintained the same opinion (see NajZshi , p . 50). It i s already well-known that mush disagreement existed among the Mu'tazili theologians of the time, too, about the validity of akhbiir 01-ZbZd (see 'Abd al-Majid, p. 94).

Mufid, Sarawiyya, p . 223.

Basan al-$adr, p . 302. ' Babr al-'Uliim, 111, p . 214; Tus t a r i , QZmGs, XI, p . 94.

4 Mufid. Siiahiin~vvo. D . 19. idem, Soraw~vya, up . 222-3, Nalishi . . < ,, . . p. 302. Shaykh, Fihrist, p . 134; 1bn ~hahr~shiib-,-Mo'ii/im, p. 8 7 ; 'Alliima, Khuliiso, p . 145; Ibn Diwiid, p . 292; YabyZ al-Babriini, p . 306; Amin al-Astaribidi , p. 30; uusayn al-Karaki , chapter eight; Babr al'Uliim, 111, p. 207; Abii 'Ali, p . 346.

MuEd, Sarowiyyo, p . 223; Murtaaii, I n t i~ i i r , p . 238.

Mufid, SZghiiniyya, p . 19; Shaykh, Fihrist, p . 134; Ibn Diwiid, p . 292.

MuEd, SZghiiniyyo, p . 19; KZ?imi, pp. 291-8.

Najishi, p . 301.

38 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

He also justified his approach in his book: a/-Mosz'il a/-Mijriyya. ' Al-Mufid, the prominent Shi ' i scholar at the beginning of the 5 th l l l th

century, who praised Ibn al-Junayd's intelligence2 came to disagree

seriously with his legal method, subjecting it to criticism in a number of

his works, including his 01-MasZ'il ol-SZghiiniyyc~,~ 01-MasZ'ii oi-

S a r a v i i y y a ~ n d in two special treatises, one entiled: NoqQ' risiilat

a/-Junoyd7 i/F ahi Mijr, a refutation of 1bn al-Junayd's al-MasC'ii a/-

Mijriyya, and another called 01-NaqQ' 'alZ ibn a/-Junayd j 7 ijtihzd a/-ra'y.

Al-MuEd's students too have cited and rejected some of Ibn al-Junayd's

legal opinions in their works. ' Ibn al-Junayd's legal method which, on the one hand (and in contrast

to al-Muf'id and his followers), accepted Chiid traditions as valid and con-

sidered them as the principal source of law, and, on the other, gave

formal recognition to reason as the means through which precepts could

be ascertained, was closer to the more developed Shi ' i legal methodolog-

ical practices of later periods than to those of his time. ' It is evidently

because of this similarity of methodology thattwo centuries after him, his

legal opinions were quoted for the first time with a degree of revercnce,

by Ibn Idris , the Shi ' i scholar of the late 6thl12th century. From the

second half of the 7thl13th century onwards, when rational analysis

pentrated more deeply into Shi ' i law, the works of this scholar received

much praisc and admiration. Al-'AIlAma regarded him as one of the out-

standing experts of jurisprudence, '" and cited many of his legal judg-

ments in his own works.'' The jurists of the fifth stage, especially

al-Shahid al-Awwal, al-Fidil al-Miqdiid and Ibn Fahd, paid careful

attention to Ibn al-Junayd's opinions, and narrated his views on many

Muf'id, Sarawiyya, p. 224.

Idem, Szghiiniyya, pp. 18-19.

Ihid., pp. 17-22.

' Idem, Sarawiyyo, pp. 222-4 .

ibirl., p . 224 ; Najiishi, p . 312.

Najishi, p . 315. ' See Murtadi, IntijCr, pp. 77-8, 80-1, 83, 217, 227, 237-43, 244,

246; idem, al-Mawgiliyya ai-thzniya, £01. 34a; Ibn alkBarriij, Shorh Jumai, pp. 244, 251.

Tustari , Qiimiis, XI, p. 94.

See Ibn Idris, p. 99.

See 'AlIZma, UZh, pp. 88-9. Sec also Babr al-'Uliim, 111, pp. 205-6; AB, IV, p. 510, XX, p . 177.

See 'Allima, KhuiC$o, p . 145; idem, TQ'Cb, p. 89.

legal problems. Al-Shahid al-ThAni, one of the later scholars of this same

,tage says of Ibn al-Junayd that the sharpness of his grasp of problems,

and his analysis was exceptional among classical Shi ' i jurists.

Ibn Abi 'Aqii and Ibn al-Junayd thus must be considered as the found-

ers of Shi ' i systematic law, as distinct from the Tradition. >

111. The Intermediate School

In this same period, there existed in Sh i ' i centres of scholarship a

group of jurists who, while holding the validity of many Zhiid traditions

and while not offering an analytical systematic law comparable to that of

the Qadimayn, followed the practice of ijtihiid, thus differentiating them-

selves from the conservative and narrow approach of the traditionists.

In short, they held an intermediary position between the two tendencies

described above.

The school formulated its juridical opinions through the process of

extracting specific precepts from the general principles implied in trad-

tions, or through selection or reconciliation when traditions were contra-

ictory. Opinions formed on this basis were not always uniform, and

his somctimes caused intense arguments on certain issues among the

ollowers of this school. The case of "adad' ( i .e . the argument as to

hether the number of days of the month of RarnadZn likc the days of

ther months, conform to the laws of astronomy or have a fixed and

nalterable measure) was such a case about which the scholars of this

chool were in disagreement among themselves, and produced many treat-

ses in defence of their own, or in refutation of the opposing views.'

The most important scholars of this tendency, whose views arc some-

mes mentioned in the legal sources, are:

'Ali b . Bibawayh al-Qummi ( d . 3291904-1)

) Abu '1-Fad1 Muhammad b . Abmad al-sibiini al-Ju'fi , author of

01-Fiikhir (first half of the 4thllOth century)

) Ja'far b . Mu4ammad b . Qiilawayh al-Qummi (d . 3691979-80)

) Abmad b . Mubarnmad b. DAwGd b. 'Ali al-Qummi ( d . 3681978-9)

BaQr al-'UlCrn, 11, p. 218. See also Mufid, Sorawiyyo, p . 2 2 2 .

Muhaqqlq, Mu'tabar, p. 7; S;Ztpb al-hAadirik, H~dCyot ol-lZ/ilib7nn, 01. 4b.

h e e especially Ihn Tiiwiis, lqbiii, p . 6. Also Kiizimi, p . 139; A B , V , p . 236-8.

40 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

3. THE RATIONALISTS

As has been seen, the school of the traditionists gained control over the

Sh i ' i centres of learning from the early years of the period of Minor

Occultation (2601874) until the second half of the 4thllOth century. In

the last decades of that century, however, the emergence of a new school

placed the traditionists under pressure and exposed them to severe crit-

icisms which gradually weakened, and finally reduced them to silence.

The founder of this school was the theologian and jurist al-Shaykh

al-MuEd, AbE 'Abd Alli Mubunmad b. Mubarnmad al-Nu'min al-

Baghdidi Ibn al-Mu'allim ( d . 41311022). He had studied under Ahmad

b . Muhammad b. al-Junayd al-Iskifi , Muhammad b . 'Ali b . Bibawayh

al-SadEq, Ja'far b . Muhammad b . Qiilawayh, Ahmad b . Mul?ammad b.

Diwiid b . 'Ali al-Qummi and Abu '1-gusayn 'Ali b . Wugayf al-NZshi','

and was accordingly, very well acquainted with the three legal schools of

the 4thllOth century.

In order to pave the way for the return of rational analysis in Sh i ' i

doctrine, he attacked and criticized the conservative approach of the

traditionists in an attempt to break their position of dominance. In this,

he was to be successful. One factor which was instrumental in his suc-

cess was that the traditionists of Qum, who spearheaded that school,

maintained certain special views with regard to the Imims, and consid-

ered the attribution of any supernatural thing to them as a mark of

extremism (ghuluww) and religious deviation. Some even considered as

an extremist (ghiilr) anyone who believed that the Prophet was immune to

inadvertence (sohw).' In this matter, most later Sh i ' i Akhbiris as well

as some Ugiili scholars sided with these early traditionists. These views

presumably were not popular among the common people who preferred to

elevate the spiritual status of their Imams, and al-Mufid took advantage

of this unpopularity to break the power of his opponents.

In spite of the fact that he had studied with al-$adiiq who was 'the

See especially Amin al-Astaribidi, p . 30.

Mufid, Lamb a/-burhiin (quoted in Ibn Tiwiis, Iqbiil, p. 5); Shaykh, Fihrist, pp. 89-90, 134, 136, 157.

See Mimaqini, the introduction, p . 212, V, pp. 84, 249. ' See SadEq, I , pp. 234-5; Majlisi I , Rawdo, 11, pp. 451-2.

Jaz i ' i r i , 111, p . 131, IV, pp. 35-40. Among the ancient Ugiili Shi ' i scholars al-Tabrisi supported this view. See his Majrna' a/-bayiin , I , p . 181 (also IV, p. 317). See also Abii 'Ali, p . 45.

THE PERIODS OF SIlf'f LAW 4 1

most outstanding of the Qunimiyyiin1l and 'the head of the t r a d i t i o n i ~ t s ' , ~

I-Mufid criticized him harshly in some of his works, among them TogbTb

01-i'tiqiid, a commentary on al-$adEqrs a/-l'tiqiidiit, ol-Mosii'il ai-soro-

iyya3and Jawiib ah1 01-Uii'ir. The words he used in Jowiib ah1 a/- uii'ir

ere so harsh' that some scholars doubted if it had indeed been written

by al-Mufid, while some suggested that it was written by al-Sharif

ai-Mutada6 or someone else. It is clear, however, that this treatise is by

al-Mufid, since much of its content is similar to statements in his other

works, notably in To$bTh a/-i'tiqcd,

a These harsh words, and al-Mufid's other crltlclsm of the oplnlons of

the traditionikts, l o reflect his great concern about the latters' domination

over the Shi ' i intellectual community, and his determination to revive the

rational approach in law and theology. His pupil, al-Sharif al-Murtadi

also played an important part in weakening the school of traditionists. In

many of his works, notahly Jabiibiit 01-masc'il ai-Mowgiliyya a/-thr7litho, l 2

lbtiil 01-'omol bi-akhbiir a/-6biid13 and 01-Radd 'a15 a~h i ib ~ / - ' a d a d ~ ~ he

was very critical of the traditionists, and even accused all 'Qummiyyiin' of

being religious deviationists," with the only exception of al-$adEq,

toward whom he adopted a more moderate approach.

The attacks by al-MuEd, al-Murtaai and other Shi ' i theologians in the

Shaykh, Fihrist, p. 157.

Babrini , uadii'iq, I , p . 170.

See p. 222.

' See pp. 112, 116, 118, 120. Also Jaz i ' i r i , IV, pp. 34-5; Bahrini KashkGl, I , pp. 218-19.

'Ali b. Muhammad al-'Amili , a/-Durr a/-ManthZr, I , p. 100. See also Macdermott, p. 41.

Jaz i ' i r i , IV, p. 34; Babr in i , KoshkZl, pp. 218-19.

AB, V, p . 176.

KSzimi, p . 211; Tustari , Sohw 01-NobT, p . 2 . See also Majlisi 11, XVII, p. 123, C X , pp. 165-7.

See pp. 156, 160, 178, 182-3, 186, 211, 2 2 2 . l o For instance 'Ukboriyya, fol. 59a. He also devoted a book to his

criticisms to the traditionists, entitled MoqiibG 01-anwiir fi 'I-radd 'a15 oh1 01-okhbiir (Najishi, p. 315; AB, XXI, p. 375). 1 1 KSzimi, pp. 205, 211.

Fo1. 40a.

l 3 Fol. 142b.

1 9 0 1 . 130b. 15

MurtadZ, lbtiil a/-'omol bi-okhbiir a/-iihcd, fol. 142b.

4 2 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW TI-IE PERIODS OF SHT'I LAW 43

first half of the 5thIl l th century, resulted in the decline and fall of the precepts from the appropriate sources was done through rational analysis,

school of traditionists. Aspects of this severe controversy are recorded the procedures and rules of conduct of which were familiar to the theolog- in some of the sourcesZ in which the traditionists are referred to as the ns because of the latters' daily involvemtns with hard theological debates. 'okhbiiriyya1, and the 'rationalists1 as 'mu'tozila' or 'koliimiyyo'. Al-Mufid vertheless it should be noted that Long years of entrenched traditionist and al-Sharif al-Murtaai too, speak of the approach of 'mutakallimiinl and fluence on Shi ' i scholarship had left deep marks on the overall patterns 'rnuboqqiqiin' as against that of the 'traditionists'.' In later Shi ' i sources,

0 Shi ' i thought, and had, over time, become an integral part of these

the adherents of this rationalist school are referred to by the term patterns. The different standpoints over certain problems between the

'ugCliyyol. Al-Mufid was taught law by Ja'far b . Mubarnmad b . QElawayh, theologians of the Period of the Presence and those of later periods, spring one of the jurists of the Intermediate tendency, and was familiar with the from this fact. ' other legal schools of his time. However, because of his rational and The characteristic of the rationalist school, according to the above analytical tendencies he was an admirer of Ibn Abi 'Aqil,' whose legal account, is thi ir refusal to relay on ZbZd traditions as a source of law.

approach was similar to his own. Al-Mufid, al-Murtaai and their studentshall emphasized this point. The

The approach of the rationalists, as was described under the discussion three eminent scholars of the school, each of whom made his own original of the legal methods of Ibn Abi 'Aqil, relied firmly on general Qur'anic contribution to i t , were: principles and on widely transmitted (mutowiitir) traditions, and excluded ( i) A1-Mufid, author of numerous legal treatises and texts such as those traditions which did not provide certainty (Cbiid). Instead of the 01-Muqni'o, 01-lc1Zm bi-mci ittofaqot 'oloyh 01-ImFmiyyo min 01-Abkiim latter, they conformed to thosc legal views which were accepted and con- and o l 'A wT$ fi '/-obkZm tinually practised among Shi'is (iifnZqZt). The process of inferring (ii) Al-Sharif al-MurtaQa, author of 01-lnti~iir, 01-Mosii'il 01-NZ$iriyyZt

and many other treatises 'Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini, p . 568.

(iii) Abu '1-$alib Taqi al-Din b . Najm al-Din al-aalabi, author of For instance Shahrastzni , p. 178. It is strange that al-Babrini , who

belonged to the later Akhbiris of the sixth stage of Shi ' i law, thought 01-KZF fi 'I-fiqh and a pupil of al-Mufid that 'nothing happened between the traditionists and muitahids (rational- Other scholars of this school and interpreters of its views, whose original ist jurists) in the first centuries, although those ages were full of both types of scholars' (uodii'iq, I , p . 169). contributions are less conspicuous, are:

Shahrastini, pp. 169, 178; Sharif al-JurjZni, p . 629; Fakhr al- ( i ) SallZr b . 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Daylami , author of 01-Moriisim al-

RZzT , Mob$Cl (quoted in Kazimi , p. 203). 'Allawiyyo wo 'I-obkZm 01-Nobowiyya

" Muiid, AwZ'il a/-moqClCt, p . 98; Murtaaa, TobbCniyyiiL, £01. 2 . (ii) Qadi 'Abd al-'Aziz b. al-Barrij al-Sham?, author of 01-Muhodhdhob,

' See for instance 'Abd al-Jalil al-Qazwini, pp. 3, 178, 179, 190, 231, 01-JowZhir and Sharb Jumol olk'ilm wo '/-'om01 235-7, 240, 272, 281, 282, 284, 415-16, 459, 481, 504, 506, 528, 569; 'Allama, NihCyot 01-wu$iil, fol. 200b. (iii) Abu '1-Hasan Mubammad b . Mubarnmad al-Bugrawi, a student of

Najishi, p. 95. al-Murtaai and author of 01-iMufTd fi '1-takiTf

Ibid., p . 38. Thcse differences were, however, in theological matters. In legal "ee works of al-MuEd and al-Murtaai. Also Riwandi, Fiqh al- discussions, they followed the samc approach. The invalidity of ZbZd

Qur'iin, I , p . 4 . However, there were some dirferences between the traditions, which was the main characteristic of this school of law, was approach of al-Muiid and alkMurtadi. See further Brunschvig, pp. 208-11. for instance supported by Fad1 b . Shadhan as well. See BaQr al-'UlEm, Thev had such a difference in theological matters as well. Al-Riwandi 111, p . 232; AB, XXIV, p . 287.

(d . "57311178) collected the cases of d:lsagreements between al-Mufid and al-Sharif al-MurtaaX in their works, in an independent treatise. He gathered ninety-five theological cases upon which their opinions differed. Al-Riwandi thought it would need a large book to gather all the cases on which they had taken different standpoints (Ibn TZwiis, Koshf 01-mabajjo, p . 2 0 ) . Likewise, there were many cases of disagreement between al- Sharif al-Murtaai and Abu '1-Saliib al-galabi . Al-KarZjaki collected these cases in a book entitled GhCyot a/-in$Zf ;f masci'il 01-khilCf in which he tried to support al-Murtada's opinions (NEri , 111, p . 498/AB, XVI, p . 9) .

See his: To$bTb 01-irtiqZd, pp. 179, 212, 227-9; Todhkiro, p . 193; Sorawiyyo, pp. 223-5; JawZb ah1 a/-VZ'ir, pp. 112, 116. See also Ibn Idris, p. 409; Mubaqqiq, Ma'cirii, p . 127.

In most of his works, as example: al-Mow$iliyya 01-thiiiitho, fol. 40a; DharT'o, pp. 528-55. ' For instance al-ljalabi , Toqrib 01-MaCiir!f, fol. 91a; Karajaki , p . 296;

bn al-Barraj, Shorb Jumol, pp. 170, 177, 256. See also Baha' al-Din 1-'Amili, Wa/Tzo, p. 6; Ka~imi , p. 4 4 2 .

44 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

(iv) Abu '1-Fath Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Karijaki

4. THE SCHOOL OF SHAYKH AL-TA'IFA The rationalist school based its legal theories on the Qur ' in and on well-

known widely transmitted traditions. zb?d traditions on their own were

not considered to be a reliable source for law.

Shaykh al-Tii'ifa, Muhammad b. Basan al-Tfisi ( d . 46011067), known

simply as 'al-Shaykh' in Shi ' i legal works, strove to retain the authority

of FbFd traditions as a source of law, ' while preserving the analytical and

rational method of law; a method which has remained the characteristic

of Shi ' i law up to the present time. The method of Shaykh al-Tii'ifa, in

effect, combined the method of the rationalists with that of the tradition-

ists. The legal works of Shaykh al-Ti'ifa opened up much new ground in

S h i e i law. His K . a/-Mobs$ treated many cases which Shi ' i jurists had

not dealt with previously. His K. 01-Khiliif was the first notable work in

the field of comparative law among Shi'is. These two books were modelled

upon Sunni works, and through them an important part of Sunni legal

scholarship passed into Shi ' i law facilitating its further development.

Sh i ' i law at this stage benefited much from the heritage of Sunni legal

thought of the early centuries of Islam. At the same time, non-Shi'i

concepts, which were alien to traditional Shi ' i thought, also crept into

Shi ' i law and created some inconsistencies in i t . In his two works,

Shaykh al-Tii'ifa cited the text of some Sunni legal works literally and

then added his judgments on the basis of Shi ' i general principles or

Shi ' i traditions in the form of marginal notes. His efforts to adjust non-

Shi ' i concepts to his own legal system were not always successful. A s a

consequence, some confusion and inconsistencies are apparent in his

works, which were later refined by al-Mubaqqiq al-Villi.

More consonant with traditional Sh i ' i legal thought, was Shaykh al-

Ti 'ifals K. ol-NihZya, which became the most authoritative Shi ' i text for

two centuries. Apart from this, his 01-Jumoi wo 'I-'uqijd and some other

legal treatises of his have also survived. His two collections of traditions

TahdhTb 01-obk?m and 01-IstibgZr, became important sources of the law.

His approach towards contradictory traditions in these two books, and his

legal interpretation of them, deeply influenced Sh i ' i law.

The school of Shaykh al-Ti'ifa maintained i t predominance in Shi ' i

See the chapter on okhbiir 01-*iid in his 'Uddo, pp. 25-63.

For this second, he was accused by the Akhbaris of following the practice of qiycs. See Busayn al-Karaki, chapter 8.

THE PERIODS OF SHf'f LAW 45

legal scholarship for three centuries. During this time, it passed through

three stages:

(a) The disciples of Shaykh al-Ti'ifa

The century after his death was the period of his pupils and imitators.

None of the Shi ' i jurists of this period produced any major novel ideas.

They merely quoted and explained al-Shaykh's statements and there-

fore have been called 'muqallido' (imitators). ' Sadid al-Din Mahmiid al-Bimmasi in the latter part of the 6thIl2th

century said that after al-Shaykh, the Shi'a had no muff ( meaning a

jurisconsult with independent judgments) and that all Shi ' i jurists after

him were merely narrators and expounders of his views.

The most prominent scholars of this period, whose names and works are

mentioned in the legal sources, are:

( i) Abfi 'Ali Basan b . Muhammad h . Basan al-Tiisi , son of al-Shaykh

(d. after 515/1121), author of Sharb 01-Nihiiya and a/-Murshid ilF

sob2 ol-fa'abbud

(ii) Ni~zm &Din Sulaymiin b. wasan al-Qahrashti, a student of al-

Shaykh and author of l$bZb oolShTCa bi-mi$biib 01-shot-7'0

(iii) 'Ali' al-Din 'Ali b . Basan al-Balabi, author of IshFrot ol-sobq

ilii mo'rifat 01-boqq

(iv) Abfi 'Ali Fag1 b. Basan Amin al-Islim al-Tabrisi (d . 54811158),

author of 01-Muntokhab min Mosii'il 01-khiliif

(v) 'Imiid al-Din Muhammad b. 'Ali b . Bamza al-Tfisi (d . after 5661

1171), author of 01-WasTlo il? nay1 a/-fofila

(vi) Qutb al-Din Sa'id b. Hibat Allih al-Riwandi (d . 57311178), author

of Fiqh a/-Qur'iin

(vii) Qutb al-Din Muhammad b . Qusayn al-Kaydari al-Bayhaqi (d . after

576/1181), author of 01-l$biib

(viii) Rashid al-Din Muhammad b . 'Ali b . Shahrashfib al-Sarawi (d . 5881

1192), author of Mutashiibih 01-Qur'Zn wa mukhtolifuh

( b ) The period of criticism

A century after the death of al-Shaykh, in the second half of the 6thl

12th century, a number of scholars arose in opposition to the fundamental

principles of his school. Rejecting the validity of ?@Zd traditions as a

source of law, they revived the rational method of al-Sharif al-Murtaai.

See Kiqimi , p. 4 4 2 .

Ibn Tiiwiis, Koshf al-Mobajjo, p. 127; Busayn b . 'Abd al-Qamad, Wu$Cl 01-akhycr, p. 33; Sahib al-Ma'ilim, p. 179; Abu '1-Qisim b . Basan al-Yazdi, I , p . 20 ; KhwZns:ri, VII, p . 161.

46 AN INTRODUCTION TO S ~ f ' f LAW

The prominent representatives of this new tendency, which did not

develop any further after them, are:

1. Sadid al-Din Mabmiid b . 'Ali al-IJimmagi al-Rizi (d . after 58311187) ' 2 . 'Izz al-Din Abu '1-Makirim vamza b . 'Ali b . Zuhra al-JJalabi (d . 5851

1189-90), author of Ghunyat a i - n ~ z L i ' ~

3. Mubarnmad b. Mangiir b . Abmad b . Idris al-villi (d . 59811202), author

of a/-Sorb'ir

To this list some other scholars of the same period could be added, who

in their positive legal doctrlne followed al-Shaykh, and hence we mentioned

them among his disciples, but in theory and under the influence of the

works of al-Sharif al-Murta(ra, they maintained the invalidity of ZbZd

traditions. Among them were Qutb al-Din al-~jlwandi' and Ibn

Shahrishiib.

The most radical proponent of this tendency was Ibn Idris. His critic-

ism of the views and the legal approach of al-Shaykh was so strong that it

was considered by some later scholars to have exceeded proper bounds.

Although Ibn Idrisls critical views did not attract many supporters,

they did stimulate efforts to take Shi ' i law out of its static mould, and

thus furthered its evolution. The main characteristics of Ibn Idrisls

approach were his critical eye and his independent thought, which are

observable even in the preface and conclusion of his a/-SorZ'ir. ' During the 7thl13th century, a number of jurists offered some new

opinionss which are cited in the legal sources. They are:

( i ) Muhadhdhab al-Din vusayn b . Muhammad al-NiSi (early 7thl13th

century)

(ii) Mu'in al-Din SXlim b. Badrin al-Migri (alive in 62611231), author

of TobrTr 01-farZ'id and a/-Mo'Lino

See his opinions about ZbZd traditions in Ibn Idris, SorZ'ir, pp. 409- 11, quoting from al-JJimma~i's 01-Mosbdir.

See his view about akhbbr ool@xid in his Ghunyo, pp. 537-9.

See his view on okhbbr a/-Zbbd in his 01-5orZ'ir, p . 4 .

4 See his view in that case in his Fiqh a/-Qur3%, I , p . 4 .

See his opinion in his MutoshZbTbih 01-Qur'bn, 11, pp. 153-4

See as an example of those judgments NajaE, X I X , p . 37.

See i t , pp. 4, 404. It is to be notcd that this book is full of useful philological, genealogical and biographical information which demonstrates that Ibn Idris was well acquainted with different branches of Islamic scholarship.

a See 'AllZma, Muntohb, p . 4 . These scholars followed al-Shaykh in their general methodology.

THE PERIODS OF SHf'i LAW 4 7

(iii) Zayn al-Din Mubamrnad b . Qisim al-Barzihi al-Naysjlbiiri (alive in

66111263)

(iv) Najib al-Din Muhammad b . Ja'far b . Hibat Allzh b . Nimi ( d . 6451

1248)

(v) Sadid al-Din Yiisuf b . al-Mutahhar al-villi (alive in 66511267)

(vi) Ahmad b . Miisi b . TXwiis al-tlilli ( d . 67311274-5), author of

BushrZ 01-rnuboqqiqTn

(vii) Yahyjl b . Sa'id al-villi ( d . 68911290), author of J h i ' a/-shorZ'1'

and Nuzhot ol-nZ?ir

(viii) 'Imid al-Din Uasan b . 'Ali al-Tabari (alive in 698112991, author

of ol 'Umdo, Nahi o l ' i r f in and 01-Fog% a/-munhii

(c) Al-Muhaqqiq and alk'Al1ima

The legal heritage of alkShaykh, though fertile in new perspectives,

was, nevertheless, as yet immature and inconsistent, and needed further

refinement and organization. Some of the elements which he adopted from

Sunni law remained tied to their original framework, and were not well

absorbed and adjusted to the new system. If Shi ' i law was to benefit

fully from these elements, the whole system had to be adjusted and reorg-

anized in order to accommodate them.

This task was accomplished by al-Mubaqqiq, Najm al-Din Abu 'I-Qisim

Ja'far, b . IJasan al-ljilli (d . 67611277) author of Shorb'i' 01-IslZm,

01-Mukhtogor 01-niifi', a/-Mu'tobor , Nukot 01-Nihcyo and other legal

works. He refined the Shaykh al-Ti'ifa's legal heritage in detail, collected

and rearranged his opinions on various subjects, harmonized his legal

doctrine and thus restored its authority which had been discredited by

Ibn Idris's criticism. He contested these criticisms vigorously and

defended al-Shaykh's legal doctrine.

A1-Mubaqqiq's main contribution to Shi ' i law, therefore, was his recon-

struction and refinement of al-Shaykhls legal system, which placed Shi ' i

law on a firmer bases enabled its further development. His student

al-'Allima, Basan b . Yiisuf b . al-Mutahhar al-villi followed this same

course. He strove to elaborate and expand the law on the basis of al-

Shaykh's legal doctrine and of al-Mubaqqiqts reorganization. He wrote

many books on different branches of law, which all became important

works of reference for later jurists. Among them were Mukhtaiof 01-ShT'a,

Todhkirot oi-fuqahZ, MuntahZ a/-Motlob, TabrTr 01-obkZm 01-shor'iyyo,

Tabzirot 01-muto'ollimTn, Qowo'id 01-obkiim, lrshiid oolodhhiin, NihCyot

01-ibkiirn and TolkhT$ a/-morbrn.

Alk'Allima contributed to the development of Shi ' i law particularly in

48 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'~ LAW

two areas. He greatly enlarged the section on legal transactions on the

basis of relevant general rules mainly taken from Sunni law. His efforts

in this area reflect his thorough knowledge of Sunni legal principles. His

second contribution was the introduction of mathematics, in which he was

well versed, into the law. He seems to be the first prominent scholar to

use advanced mathematical rules in the relevant legal subjects such as the

law of inheritance, the times of prayer (awqFt 01-galct) and the direction

of prayer (qibla). He also made great contributions to the development of

Sh i ' i law through his criticism of the transmitters of the traditions, his

implementation of a novel classification for the Shi ' i traditions according

to the degree of authority of their narrators2 and his refinement of

ugGl 01-fiqh through his numerous u$Gl works.

To sum u p , the legal doctrine of Shaykh al-Ti'ifa which had become

predominant in the Shi ' i community from the middle of the Sthl l l th cen-

tury onwards, reached its highest level of refinement in the latter half of

the 8thl14th century as a result of al-Mubaqqiq's clarification and

systemization, and al-'All&na1s elahoration and expansion. Its definitive

formulation appeared in the works of these two scholars. The pupils and

followers of them all worked within this same legal framework. The most

renowned of them, whose views have been cited in the legal works, are:

( i) Abu Mubarnmad Basan b . Abi Tilib al-Yiisufi al-iibi , Ibn Zaynab,

author of Koshf a/-rurniiz (composed in 67211274)

(ii) 'Amid al-Din 'Abd al-Muttalib b . Muhammad al-uusayni al-A'raji

(d . 154113531, author of Konz 01-fawc'id

(iii) Fakhr al-Mubaqqiqin, Mubarnmad b. JJasan al-villi, son of al-

'AllZma (d . 77111370), author of Tp'c~, 01-fawc'id

5. THE SCHOOL OF AL-SI-IAHTD AL-AWWAL

It was in the second stage of i t s development that S h i ' i law emerged as an

independent and systematic legal structure. The legal works which have

survived from the second and the third stages, reflect the traditional

style of Sh i ' i law which Shaykh al-Ta'ifa followed in his a/-Nihcya. But

He had been preceded in the application of advanced mathematical rules in this case by Mu'in al-Din al-Migri in his TabrTr 01-farii',p' (see AB , 111, p . 377), followed by Nagir al-Din al-Tusi in his ol-Forc'iQ' al- NogTriyya (ibid., XVI, p . 150).

This novel classification was originally initjated by al-'Alliima's teacher JamXl al-Din Abmad b . Miisi b. TXwiis, author of Bushrii 01-iC:uboqqiqTn (Turaybi, Jiimi' 01-moqiil, chapter 56) and gained popularity through its vast implementation by al-'Allzma in his works.

THE PERIODS OF S H T ' ~ LAW 49

after this, and with the appearance of his a/-MobsGt and a/-KhilGf which

incorporate Sunni legal methods and concepts, some fundamental changes

appeared in the form and content of Shi ' i law.

With regard to form, the new expositions of the law turned into a mix-

ture of the two legal systems. They usually covered legal topics on the

basis of Sunni legal texts, first citing the views of Sunni jurists, usually

those quoted in a/-KhilLif, and then presenting the opinions of Shi ' i

scholars. ~l-KbT , a student o f al-Mubaqqiq and author of Kashf 01-rumiir ,

was one of the first S h i e i authors who did not follow the approach and

refrained from quoting the opinion of Sunnis in his own book. The

students of al-,'Allima, notably Fakhr al-Mubaqqiqin in his book Tp'cb 01-fowz'id, followed al-.&bits lead and omitted the analysesand opinions of

Sunni scholars.

With regard to content, the additional subsidiary legal cases first dis-

cussed in 01-Mabsiif and later in the works of al-'Allima in the section on

transactions, were borrowed from Sunni works and continued to be pres-

ented on the basis of the principles of Sunni law. Hence, a study of the

foundations of Sunni law became crucial to the understanding and study

of Shi ' i legal sources.

Al-Shahid al-Awwal, Shams al-Din Mubarnmad b. Makki al-'Amili

(d . 78611384) in his 01-Qawz'id wo 'I-fawLi'id reformulated the fundamental

rules and principles of Shi ' i law, and in applying them, changed the con-

tents of Shi ' i law and provided it with an independent identity,

On the basis of the same principles, al-Shahid opened up new grounds

for Shi ' i law and introduced discussions of many new subsidiary cases.

Thus his legal system was quite distinct frorn those of his predecessors

both in methods and contents. His legal works, such as 01-Qawz'id wo 'I-

fawii'id, a/-Duriis 01-shor'iyya, ChLiyat 01-murLid, a/-BayLin, a/-Alfiyyo and

ol-Lum'o 01-Dimashqiyya are among the most important works of Shi'i law.

Scholars after him for about one and a half centuries continued to

adhere to his school and, though they offered ce r~a in novel opinions, they

mostly directed their efforts towards explaining his views. The most

renowned among them were:

( i ) Ibn al-Khazin, Zayn al-Din, 'Ali b . ljasan b . al-Khizin al-JJa'iri

(early 9thll5th century)

(ii) Ibn al-Mutawwij, Abmad b . 'Abd Alliih al-Babrini (d . 8201141718),

author of 01-NihZya IT tofsTr 01-Khornsrni'ot cya

(iii) A1-FXGil al-Miqdiid, Miqdid b . 'Abd Allah al-Suyiiri al-Uilli

(d . 826114231, author of Konz a/-'irfin and a/-TanqTb 01-rz'i'

( iv) Ibn Fahd, Ahmad b . Mubammad b . Fahd al-Asadi al-LIilli ( d . 8411

1437-81, author of 01-Muhodhdhab 01-biiri' , 01-Miijaz al-bCwT and

a/-Muqta$or

( v ) Shams al-Din Mubarnmad b . Shuji' al-Qattiin al-villi (first half of

the 9thllSth century) , author of Ma'zlim ol-din f7 fiqh A / YiisTn

(vi) Muflib b . uusayn al-Saymari ( d . after 87811473-41, author of

Chiiyot 01-marzrn, Kashi a/-iltibiis and Jowiihir 01-kalimiit

(vii) Ibn Nilil, 'Ali b . Muhammad b . HilZl al-Jazi'iri ( d . 909-9151

1504-10)

(viii) IbrZhim b. Sulaymin al-Qatifi ( d . after 544511539), author of T#zb 01-Niifi'

( ix) Al-Shahid al-Thini , Zayn al-Din, b . 'Ali b . Abmad al-'Amili

( d . 96611559), author of ol-Rowp'a ul-bohiyyo, Masiilik 01-ofhh

and Rawp' a/-jiniin

6. THE LACY OF THE SAFAVID PERIOD

Sh i ' i law during the period of the Safavids (907-113511502-1722) may be

divided into three schools which although appearing one after another,

continued to exist and evolve side by side for a long time.

(a ) The school of al-Mubaqqiq al-Karaki

Al-Mubaqqiq 'Ali b . uusayn b . 'Abd ai-'iili al-Karaki ( d . 94011534)

was a leading figure in Sh i ' i scholarship in the early Safavid period and

made a major contribution to the development of Sh i ' i law.

Al-Karaki's law differed in two respects from earlier formulations.

Firstly, he was able through stringent legal reasoning to place S h i e i law

on a more stable and solid footing by way of reconstructing and strength-

ening i ts principles. He analysed legal problems thoroughly, paying

meticulous attention to the discussions and arguments previously advanced

about them, and used his power of reason and analysis to arrive at his own

judgment. Earlier analyses of legal questions were rather superficial and

inadequate. He based his judgments on a thorough investigation both in

favour of and against them. His legal doctrine, therefore, was much more

solidly argued than had been doctrines by earlier jurists.

Secondly, he paid close attention to certain problems which had arisen

as a result of the change of the political situation with the adoption of

Shi'ism as the official religion of Iran. These problems included the

limits of the legal power of the foqTh ( jur i s t ) ; the legitimacy of Friday

prayer in the absence of the Inlam, the land tax e t c . , which prior to the

rise of the S h i ' i Safavid dynasty had not been in question. Al-Karaki

himself discussed these questions in detail in his legal works, such as his

THE PERIODS OF SHT'T LAW

3 Jiirn~' 01-rnaq?i$~d, 7o'ITq 01-lrshiid and Fowii'id 01-Sharii'~' and also wrote

separate treatises on some of them.

Most of the Shi ' i jurists who succeeded al-Karaki up to the end of the

Safavids, were influenced by his legal approach. The more well-known of

these scholars whose names and views are cited in legal sources are:

( i ) IJusayn b . 'Abd al-samad alk'xmili ( d . 98411576)

(ii) 'Abd al-'Ali b . 'Ali b . 'Abd al-'Ali al-Karaki, his son ( d . 9931

15851, author of Sharb ol-lrshod

(iii) Bahi ' al-Din Mubammad b . uusayn al-'Amili ( d . 103011631), author

of Mashriq 01-sharnsayn, Jiimi0-i 'AbbijsT, a/-Fob1 01-motTn and

a/-lthn5'oshariyy~t

( iv) Mubammad BZqir b . Shams al-Din Mubarnmad al-Astarabadi,

al-DamZd ( d . 104011630-11, author of Shiiri' 01-najiit

(v) Sultan al-'Ulamii' , Ijusayn b . Rafi' al-Din Muhammad al-Mar'ashi

( d . 106411653-4)

(vi) uusayn b . JamZl al-Din Mubammad al-KhwZnsZri ( d . 109811687),

author of MoshFririq 01-shurniis

(vii) Jamil &Din Muhammad b . uusayn al-Khwinsiri ( d . 112511713),

author of Hiishiyo 'ala 'I-Rowp'a 01-bohiyya

(viii) Al-Fipil al-Hindi , Mubammad b . al-IJasan al-Igfahiini ( d . 11371

1725), author of Koshfol-lithiim and al-Maniihij 01-sawiyya

( b ) The school of al-Muqaddas al-Ardabili

A1-Mubaqqiq Abmad b . Mubarnmad al-Ardabili, known as al-Muqaddas

( d . 543311585), author of Mojrno' a/-E' ida wa 'I-burhzn and Zubdot al-

bayiin, developed his own special and independent legal method which gave

rise to a distinct and significant school. His method was characterized by

f systernatlc, Independent rational arguments based on his personal jnridlcal

analysis which entirely ignored the opinions and views of previous

scholars. Although he did not bring about any fundamental changes in

the methodology and structure of the law, his extreme precision and

exactitude, together with his independent method and juridical boldness

made his school quite distinctive.

1 Some of the best scholars of this period were followers of hls approdch.

The most famous are:

( i ) Mubammad b . 'Ali al-MGsawi al-'xmili, $%bib al-Madirik ( d . 10091

1600), author of Modiirik al-obkiim and Hidiiyot 01-LiilibTn

(ii) yasan b . Zayn al-Din alEeAmili, sahib al-Ma'alim ( d . 101111602),

author of Mo'iilim 01-din and Munlaqii 01-jurnzn

iii) 'Abd Allah b . IJusayn al-Tustari ( d . 102111621), author of Jiimi'

52 AN INTRODUCTION TO S H T ' ~ LAW

01-fowii'id

( iv) Muhammad BZqir b. Muhammad Mu'min al-SabzawZri ( d . 109011679),

author of DhakhTrat 01-mo'iid and KiEyat 01-abkiim

Muhsin al-Fayo, author of 01-Wiit7, MuCta$am a/-ShTco and MafiitTb a/-

shorii'i', may also be included in the above list. Although an advocate of

the AkhbZri school of this period, he approved of al-Ardabili's independ-

ent approach and followed it in practice. Like the followers of al-

Ardabili (especially sahib al-Madirik and al-SabaawZri), he preferred the

opinions of al-Ardabili in many cases where the latter deviated from

those of previous Shi'i scholars.' Muhammad Biqir b . Mubarnmad Taqi

al-Majlisi, author of Mir ' Z t 01-'uqiil and Bibiir a/-on wiir, too, was inter-

ested in the views of al-Ardabili and $%bib al-MadZrik, and cited them

frequently in his own works.

(c ) Akhbirism

The school of the traditionists had been overcome by the Shi'i

rationalists at the end of the 4thllOth century, though a limited number

of its supporters survived here and there. They were not active and were

threfore largely ignored by others. It was not until the beginning of the

l l t h l l l t h century that their school was revived by Muhammad Amin al-

Astaribidi (d . 103611626-1) in his book a/-Fawii'id 01-Modoniyyo.

A suitable ground for the revival of the traditionist school had gradu-

ally been provided from early lOthll6th century onwards. Around the

middle of the same century, a tendency calling for more freedom in Shi ' i

law began to gain popularity. Al-Shahid al-Thini wrote a treatise against

following the legal judgments of the previous jurists without examining

their bases.' His pupil Busayn b . 'Abd al-Samad al-'Amili, shoykh

a/-lsliim of the Safavid court, followed the same line and wrote a similar

treatise on the same subject in which he held that ijtihiid, i .e. the normal

See for instance Najafl , XVI , p . 71. This author (Muhammad Basan b . Muhammad BZqir al-Najafl, author of JowChir a/-koliim) did not favour the independent method of these scholars and their disregard of the opinions of the previous Shi ' i jurists. So he spoke of those three col- lectively as 'the followers (otbC') of al-Muqaddas'.

For the story of this revival and its background, see especially Amin al-AstarZbZdi, Diinishniima-yi shiihT; KhwZnsiri , I , p . 121.

It has been said that Ibn Abi Jumhiir al-AhsZ'i, a Shi ' i theologian with giifi tendencies of early lOthll6th century, was a follower of the trad- itionist school (see KhwZnsZri, VII, p . 331, but there is enough evidence in his works to deny this accusation. See Niiri, 111, p . 361 quoting Ibn Abi Jumhiir's Kiishifot 01-bcl; also AB , XVIII , p . 300.

' AB, X, p . 42. MS MI6913 Los Angeles (ca t . , pp. 667-8).

ethod of legal reasoning which is based on rational argument, is not the

ly way to the discovery of legal norms. In most of his other works,

e cirticized the legal method of Shi ' i jurists and blamed them for being

itators of the lancients'. 'Abd al-Nabi b . Sa'd al-Jazi ' iri , a slightly

later jurist, criticized the legal approach of the Ugiili school in his

01-lqti$iid ff,- sharb a/-lrshiid3 (written in 101511606-7). A $adr (the chief

religious dignitary) of the Safavid court in the first half of the l l thIl7th

century is quoted as having said that no Sh i ' i mujtohid remained in Iran

or the Arab world in his time.' Al-Muqaddas al-Ardabili never hesitated,

as noted before, to reject the opinions of all previous jurists wherever

they excluded traditions on the basis of a rational argument. His stud-

ents like Muhammad b . 'Ali al-'xmili, author of Modiirik 01-obkiim followed

the same line. 'Abd AllZh b . Busayn al-Tustari in early l l th l l7 th

century made a great contribution to the rivival of the OodTth literature.

Basan b . Zayn al-Din al-'Amili also made, at the same time, his contrib-

ution to the field through his works Muntoqii a/-jumiin and a/-TobrTr a/-

4 TawiisT. Many other works appeared m the flrst half of the same century

on the bodTth literature, mostly inspired by the teachings of 'Abd Allih

al-Tustari. ' Subjects such as the validity or invalidity of the traditions

as a source of law had again become points of debate among the jurists of

early decades of the same century. The value of logic and philosophy in

Islamic scholarship had already come under question.' Elements such as

these contributed enormously to the appearance of a new traditionist

vusayn b . 'Abd al--gainad, MaqCla IT wujiih 01-ifti' wo boyiin al--%oqq 'a!: kull man 'olim bih. See also AB , XXI, p . 407.

See his Risiilo fl bukm 01-bu$r wo 'I-bowiirT wa sahm 01-lmiim, p . 217; Tis' masi'il, p. 2 5 6 ; Risiilo IT tobqTq ba'p' a/-mosii'il a/-fiqhiyya, pp. 123-4. The MS 1836 of the Majlis Library, Tehran, contains a copy of the first treatise mentioned above alongside some other works on the Usiili- AkhbZri dispute, including Amin al-AstaribZdits 01-Fowii'id a/-Modaniyya (see the catalogue of the Majlis Library, IX, p . 493). This shows that uusayn b. 'Abd al-$amad's works were regarded as in the vanguard of that dispute.

See pp. 18-136 of this work. ' KamaraSi, Risiilo dor ithbiit-i luriim-i wujijd-i mujtahid dor zamiin-i

ghaybat, pp. 2-3.

See his Mojmo' 01-fii'ido wo 'I-burhiin, passim.

See Khwinsir i , IV, pp . 235, 240, 243.

Ibid; AD, X , p . 126, XV, p . 73.

See KhwZusZri , IV, p . 238.

Shahid 11, Risiilo fl toqrd 01-mayyit (quoted in al-MZbiizi, 01-'Ashora kiimilo, p. 242. See also AB, IV, p. 392).

54 AN INTRODUCTION TO S ~ i ' i LAW

school and its rapid development and predominance.

The new traditionist school, which was now called by its other old name,

Akhbiri , was, like its predecessor, opposed to the rational, analytical

approach to the law and adhered strictly to the outward, literal meanings

of the traditions. In the ahove-mentioned work, Amin al-Astaribidi

argued against rational analysis and reasoning as a means of discovering

legal norms, and utterly dismissed the principles of u$iriii a/-fiqh which had

been evolved in order to define the rational method. This approach basic-

ally resembled the more radical wing of the early traditionists which

considered all traditions transmitted from the Imims as authentic.

The focus in Amin al-AstarZbidils argument was on the invalidity and

peccability of the Aristotelian logic which had been the basis for the

Sh i ' i jurists in their legal reasonings. The main difference between the

two Shi ' i legal tendencies of Ugiili and Akhbiri was the validity or inval-

idity of reason in connection with religious matters, although many other

points of disagreement, mostly of the same type, existed at the same time.'

The Akhbiri school found its way to Iraq in the fourth decade of the

l l th l l7 th century and was followed by most of the jurisconsults of Najaf

and other Shi ' i centres of learning in Mesopotamia. In Iran, the major-

ity of the jurists of the provinces in the second half of the same century

supported this tendency. ' The religious academy of Igfahin, which was

the largest centre of Shi ' i learning, was dominated by the U g i i T ~ , although

the first Majlisi, Mubarnmad Taqi b. Maqgiid 'Ali (d . 107011659-60),

author of Rowp'at ol-rnuttoqii, and Lawiirni'-i $rSbibqorrSnT inclined to

Akhbirism, and his son Mubarnmad BZqir, al-Majlisi 11 supported a method

between Akhbirism and U g E l i ~ m . ~ Zayn al-Din 'A17 b . Sulaymin b .

Darwish b. uitim al-Qadami al-Babrxni (d . 106411653-4) took Akhbirism

See Bihbahini, Fowli'id, pp. 436-8; Khwinsari, I , pp. 127-30.

See Jaz i ' i r i , Manba', pp. 275-8; Samihiji, pp . 375-9 ialso quoted in KhwinsZri, I , pp. 127-20); 'Abd Allih al-Jazi ' iri , pp. 381-2; Shubbar, Bughyo, the whole work; Dizfiili, Fliririiq a/-boqq, the whole work (86 points of disagreement are mentioned); KZshif al-Ghiti, al-(foqq a/-mubin, pp . 76-89; Ri@ al-Qazwini, 01-Farq buyn ol-AkhbZriyyTn wa 'I-Ugiriiliyyin, the whole work.

Majlisil, Lawfii ' , I , p . 16; KhwinsZri, I , p . 137. ' See Majlisi I , Rowp'a, I , p . 21.

Idem, Lawlirni', I , pp. 16, 30: Khwinsiri, I , pp. 136-7, 11, p . 119.

Majlisi 11, Soyr wa suliriik, fol. 53a. See also his ZrSd ol-rno'lid, pp. 557-8 (quoted in BabrZni , (fadli'iq, XII, p . 268).

THE PERIODS OF ~ H i ' f LAW 55

from Iran to Bahrain. During this century, the animosity between

Akhbal-is and Ugiilis had not yet become strong. Sharper opposition bet

ween them, however, began to appear from the last decades of thc same

century.

The AkhbZri tendency gained supremacy in all Shi ' i centres of

learning in the following century, and held Shi ' i law in its grasp for

several decades until the second half of that century, when it again

declined in the face of Ugiili resurgence. Elahrain was the stronghold of

this school during this period and has remained so up to the present,

after the demise of Akhbirism in Iran and Iraq.

There are f6w AkhbXrT jurists who held independent views on legal

matters. Two prominent AkhbZri scholars stand out for their moderate

approach. They are:

( i) Mubsin al-Fay@

(ii) Yiisuf b . Abmad al-Babrini, $%bib al-uadi'iq (d . 118611772),

author of ol-UodZ'iq ol-nii(iira.

Some other leading figures of this school were:

( i) KhalTl b . GhZzi al-Qazwini (d . 108811677), author of two comment-

aries on al-Kulayni's K . ol-KliF

(ii) Mubarnmad b. uasan al-uurr al-'Amili , author of Wosli'il ol-ShT'a

(iii) Ni'mat Allih t). 'Abd AllZh al-JazZ'iri ( d . 111211700), author of

ChZyat al-rnorlirn and Koshf 01-asrlir

(iv) Sulaymin b . 'Abd Allih al-Babrini al-Mibiizi (d.112111709)

( v ) 'Abd Allih b . $Zlib al-SamZhiji al-BabrZni (d . 113511723).

7 . THE SCHOOL OF A L - W A ~ T D AL-BIHBAHANT A s mentioned above, the Akhbiri school which predominated in Shi ' i

centres of scholarship from the first half of the 12thl18th century, rejec

ted the traditional methodology of law upon which ijtihrSd had relied, and

forbad its study or usage. As a result, this discipline was abandoned and

forgotten. There is no mention of any important rnujtahids in the history

of Shi ' i law during the middle of that century. Only a very few continued

to teach a limited number of students in small schools, distant from urban

religious and academic centres.

In the second half of this same century, an outstanding Shi'i jurist

BabrZni, Lu'lu'a, p. 13; Tunukibuni, p. 227; AB, X V , p. 76. The name 'Bahrain' is used here in its old meaning which included the mainland of al-Qatif and al-Absi' inhabited by Shi'is.

56 A N INTRODUCTlON TO SHf'f LAW THE PERIODS OF SHT'? LAW 57

with a genius for rational argument and analysis, succeeded in dismantling ( d . 123111815), author of Riyiip' 01-mosii'il

the influence of the AkhbirT school and in establishing a new rational (v) Abu '1-Qisim b . Ijasan al-Gilini al-Qurnmi ( d . 123111816), author

school in S h i ' i law. This scholar was Muhammad Biqir b . Mubammad of Jiimi' 01-shotct, Chonii'im a/-ayyiim and Maniihij 01-ohkern

Akmal al-Bihbahini , known as al-Wahid ( d . 120511791), who produced vi) Asad Allah b . Ismi'il al-Tustari al-Kizimi, $:bib al-Maqibis

many legal works, among them: a/-Fowc'id a/-uii'iriyyo and Sharb MofijtTb ( d . 123411818-191, author of Maqiibis ol-anwiir

a/-shorz'i ' . vii) Muhammad b . 'Ali al-Tabitabi ' i al-Mujihid ( d . 124211827), author

Conditions for such a change were, to some extent , facilitated by some of 01-Monchil

Akhbir i scholars in the mid-12thll8th ccntury. Scholars such a s $adr viii) Abmad b . MubammadMahdi al-NarZqi ( d . 124511829), author of

al-Din Muhammad b . Muhammad Biqir al-Hamadini ( d . after 115111738-9) Mustanod 01-ShF'o and Moniihij 01-obkcm

in his Shorb 01-WFfiya, YEsuf b . Abmad al-Babrini ( d . 118611772) in the ) Mubammad Biqir b . Muhammad Naqi al-Miisawi al-Shaft:, Ijujjat

introduction to his a/-uodii'iq a/-niigiro, Mahdi b . Mubarnmad Silib al- al-Islim ( d . 126011844), author of Maliili' 01-onwG

FutCini al-'xmili ( d . 118311769-70) in the introduction to his NatZi'ii ) wasan b . Ja'far al-Najafi A1 Kishif al-Chit:' ( d . 126211846),

a/-okhbcr, ' Mubammad b . 'Ali al-Maqibi al-Babrini ( d . after 116911756) author of Anwcr 01-foqiiha

in the introduction to his Nukhbot o l - ~ $ Z l , ~ and o thers3 accepted some of ) Muhammad Ijasan b . Muhammad Biqir al-Najafi ( d . 126611850),

the Ugiilis' arguments, rejected some Akhbir i approaches and followed a author of Jowiihir 01-koliim.

more moderate line. Treatises against the AkhbZri doctrine had already THE SCHOOL OF SHAYKH A L - A N $ ~ R ~ begun to appear before the middle of the Century. ' last fundamental change which occurred in S h i ' i law and which led to

Through severe continuous mental e f for t , al-Bihbahini managed to founding of a new school, was associated with the reconstruction of the re-establish the authority of reason and rational argument in law. The and its methodology through the scholarly approach of al-Shaykh legal system of his school was the first to be constructed entirely in accord taQi b . Mubammad Amin al-AngZri ( d . 128111864). This resulted in a with the rules and principles of ugGl 01-fiqh. He worked hard on the ical change in the system of Sh i ' i law. elaboration of his method and on the rehabilitation of ugZl 01-fiqh. His 1-AngZri extended the section of u$GI 01-fiqh which dealt with the most legal work which is representative of a logical law, woven into a solid and era1 principles of law (01-ugiil ol-'omoliyyo) to a remarkable degree, integrated legal system, cannot be easily compared with preceding systems rebuilt it with subtlety and precision on a firmly rational base. He

Al-Bihbahini had prominent pupils and followers who carried on his t used this method to restructure the law, especially the section of school and spread his legal doctrine. The most renowned of them are: sactions. His legal studies and his overall method were so refined and ( i ) Mubammad Mahdi b . MurtaQi al-Tabitabi ' i , Babr alCUlCim they superseded all previous methods. Wherever he has dealt with a

( d . 121211797), author of al-MagiibTI.? ain subject, his discussions have supplanted all previous works on i t .

(i i) Jawid b . Muhammad al-Ijusayni al-'Xmili ( d . 122611811), author 1-Angiri's method is still dominant in S h i ' i academic life. His works of Miftiib a/-kariima 01-Makcsib on the law of sale and 01-Rasii'il on u$Zl a/-fiqh are text-

(iii) Ja 'far b . KhiQr al-Najafi, Kishif al-GhitZ'(d. 122811813), author s in Sh i ' i academic centres . of Koshf a/-ghitii' he most eminent of his students and followers who further elaborated

( iv) 'Ali b . Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Tabitabii'i al-Karbali ' i , Sahib al-Riyip S h i ' i legal system on the basis of his methods were:

Ijabib Allih b . Mubammad 'Ali al-Rashti ( d . 131211894), author See AB, XXIV, p . 4 2 . of 01-IltiqiitZit Ibid. , XXIV, p . 93. Mubammad Ijasan b . MabmGd al-Shirizi , al-Mujaddid ( d . 131211895) See for instance ibid., XXI, p . 402. Ri&i b . Muhammad HZdi al-Hamadini ( d . 132211904), author of

"or instance RisZilo f7 wujGb ittibii' ol-mujtohid li-~onnih by Mubamma Migbiib 01-foqTh Ismi'il b . Mubammad ljusayn al-KhwijCi'i al-Isfahini ( d . 117311759-601, written in 113711724-5. Mubarnmad Kizim b . Ijusayn al-Khuris ini , known as al-xkhiind

58 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

( d . 132911911), author of Hiishiyo 'ala 'I-Makcsib

(v ) MuQarnmad KZzim b . 'Abd aI-'Azim al-TabitabG'i al-Yazdi

( d . 133711919), author of 01-'Urwa 01-wuthqc and ucshiya '010

'/-Makcsib

(v i ) Mubarnmad Taqi b . MuQibb 'A17 al-Shirizi ( d . 133811920), author

of Hiishiya 'a10 '/-Makcsib

(vii) Mubarnmad Ijusayn b . 'Abd al-Ra4im al-Ni'ini ( d . 135511936)

(viii) 'Abd al-Karim b . Mubammad Ja'far al-Yazdi al-IJi'iri ( d . 13551

19371, author of K . a/-Salct and the founder of the religious and

academic centre in Qum (Iran)

( ix) p i y i ' al-Din b . Mu4ammad al- 'Ariqi ( d . 136111942), author of

5hoi-(? Tobzirut 01-miito'allim71~

( x ) MuQamlnad LIusayn b. Mul?ammad @asan al-IgfahZni al-Kumpini

( d . 136111942), author of tliishiyot 01-Mokiisib

(xi) Abu '1-uasan b . Mubarnmad al-Mtisawi a l - I~ fah in i ( d . 136511946),

author of WasTlat 01-najzt

(xii) uusayn b . 'Ali al-TabitabZ'i al-Buriijirdi ( d . 138011961)

(xiii) Mubsin b . Mahdi al-TabilabZ'i al-Ijakim ( d . 139011971), author of

Nohi a/-foqchu and Mustamsak a/-'Urwa 01-wulhqc.

The contemporary scholars of the Shi ' a , the most prominent of them

being Kyat AllZh Abu '1-Qisim al-Khu'i and Ayat Allih Rii4 AllZh al-

Khumayni, are followers of al-AngZri's school. Their legal opinions are

to be found in their works such a s Mabcn7 Takmilat 01-Minhiij by al-Khu'i

and K . 01-Makcsib 01-mubarromo, K. a/-Boy ', Tobrii- a/-WasTla and

K . al-Tohiira by al-Khumayni, and in books composed and published by

their students on the basis of their lessons.

Part Two Main Works on Sh?'?Law

MAIN WORKS ON SHT'T LAW

Since law has always been, together with theology, the most widely dis- der. In the case of widely used books of which many manuscripts are

cussed subject in Shi ' i scholarship, a complete bibliographical study of ailable, only the important or older copies are listed.

Shi ' i law would require several volumes. As is usually the case with the ) All dates in this part are according to the lunar hijrT calendar, and

Shi ' i intellectual heritage, most Sh i ' i works written on this subject are e language of all works listed is Arabic, except where stated otherwise.

lost. Many others have survived in manuscripts stored in inaccessible ) The authors are fully identified in the first main entry of their works, private collections. However, among those books that have survived, cept those mentioned in Part One.

only a few are commonly referred to in traditional legal discussion which

pays little attention to works written by less important and unoriginal

authors. The names of, and information currently available about, most

of these lost, unavailable or less common works can be obtained from iighi?

Buzurg al-TihrZnils 01-DharT'o iiti taztinTf ol-ShT'a.

What follows is a selected bibliography of some available works on

Shi ' i law, arranged in two sections. In the first section (chapter 5 ) ,

lists are given of some general legal works by the most important Shi ' i

jurists. This section is arranged in chronological order according to the

author's date of death. In the second section (chapter 61, a list of some

extant monographs is given according to the most usual order of Shi ' i

legal works as described in chapter three.

There are five more points to be explained about this selected

bibliography:

(1) Only purely legal works are mentioned in these lists. Scientific works

about topics such as the times of prayer (awqtit ol-galtit), determining the

direction of Mecca (qibla), the quantity of water beyond which there can-

not be contamination (the kur r ) , figures for weights and measures

mentioned in the legal sources (a/-awzk wo ' I -maqXr) , wills (wagtiyti) , the division of inheritance (farf'ip'), and the like, are not mentioned, nor

are works on supererogation, religious supplication (du'ti ') and the moral

aspects of acts of devotion, which are, in fact , works of religious ethics

rather than law; nor are those works related to the concept of ijtihtid

which should more properly be regarded as a jurisprudential rather than

a legal topic. Some examples of the collections of legal opinions (fatwts)

compiled to be used by the ordinary people (rosti'il 'omaiiyya) are listed

in a separate section.

( 2 ) Only works which are published, or those preserved in manuscripts

belonging to accessible collections, are mentioned, as noted above.

( 3 ) The manuscripts mentioned for each work are listed in chronological1

Chronological order is maintained for several manuscripts in the same library, and where several libraries have manuscripts, the libraries are arranged in the chronological order of the earliest manuscript in each library.

A / - l n t i $ i i r r~litions: Tehran. 1276 (in the collection of 01-Jowi i rn i ' 0 1 - f i q h i y y a )

Chapter Five

SOME COMPREHENSIVE WORKS

A

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

AL-$ADOQ: - I r n l i j ' f7 wo$f d7n o l - l r n i i r n i y y a , chapter 93 of his 01-Arnii lT (see Sezgin,

I , p . 5 4 5 ) Edition: Qum, 1377 (together with his o l - M u q n i ' )

- A / - H i d i i y a Editions: Tehran, 1276 (in the collection of a l -Jowi i rn i ' a l - f i q h i y y o ) ; Qum, 1377 (together with his 0 1 - M u q n i ' ) Selected MSS: Burujiridi (AB, XXV, p. 1 7 5 ) ; Los Angeles 124313 (cat . , p . 7 1 8 ) ; Faygiyya 170212 (cat . , 111, p. 1 1 9 ) ; Gaivharshid 1 6 0 1 , 72212 (ca t . , p . 4 3 2 - 3 ) ; SipahsZlir 555315 (cat . , V, p. 7 5 5 ) ; IlZhiyyZt, microfilm 93 (ca t . , I , p . 2 3 0 ) ; Mar'ashi 221912 ( c a t . , VI, p . 2 0 8 ) ; uuqiiq 21G l2 j ( ca t . , p . 2 0 6 ) ; Majlis 1272 (cat . , IV, pp. 1 0 1 - 2 ) ; India Office 4632 (Sezgin, I , p. 5 4 8 ) ; Berlin Q u . 1 7 7 9 (ibid. )

- A l - M u q n i ' Editions: Tehran, 1276 (in the above-mentioned collection); Qum, 1377 Selected MSS: Radawi 2620 (ca t . , 11, p . 1 2 6 ) ; JJuqiiq 2 1 6 l l j (cat . , p. 4 6 8 ) ; Majlis 1 2 7 2 , 585212 (ca t . , IV, p . 9 7 , XVII, p. 2 6 3 ) ; Mar'ashi 221911 (cat . , VI, p. 2 0 8 ) ; DZr al-Kutub 20034 (cat . , 111, p . 1 0 2 )

- K . f i ' l - f i q h = A r k & s h a r o ' i ' a l - l s l i j r n? MS: Mar'ashi 3694112 (cat . , X, p . 9 5 )

AL-MUFID: - A l - l s h r i i f fT 'Crnrnot f a r i j ' i p ' ah1 o l - l s l i j r n

MSS: Mar'ashi 24314 , 7814 (ca t . , I , pp. 9 0 , 2 6 7 ) ; Majlis 8113 Khu'i (cat . , VII, p . 1 4 ) ; KZshZni (ca t . , p . 6 7 )

- A l - M u a n i ' a ~ d i t i o i : Tabriz , 1274 Selected MSS: Radawi 2 6 1 8 , 2619 (cat . . 11. w . 1 2 5 ) : Malik 5883 (cat I , p . 7 2 7 ) ; ~ a ~ o i i ~ a 1272 (cat . , I , p . 269 ) ; ' Astina 6004 (cat . , p . 1 9 3 ) ; SipahsilZr 2665 (ca t . , I , p . 5 3 4 ) ; Radawiyya 28 (ca t . , pp . 36 -11 ; DZnishgih 6696 (cat . , XVI, p . 3 3 5 ) ; Adabiyyit 2413 Kirmin (cat . , p . 2 5 ) ; Majlis 1 2 7 2 , 3288 , 3359 (cat . , IV, p. 9 6 , X, pp. 911-12, 1 1 8 5 ) ; Mar'ashi 2 3 6 , 8 1 5 , 221913 ( ca t . , I , p . 2 6 1 , 111, p . 1 4 , VI, p . 2 0 8 )

- -- 1 3 1 5 ; Najaf, 1392 Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 9 8 1 , 3 5 9 8 , 3649 ( ca t . , 111, p. 1 7 4 , I X , p . 3 7 8 , X , p . 4 6 ) ; Radawi 2 2 3 4 , 2699 ( c a t . , 11, p . 8 ; V , p . 3 6 7 ) ; DinishgZh 3 2 4 4 , 5377 ( ca t . , XI, p . 2 2 0 3 , XV, p. 4 2 2 6 ) ; Waziri 656 (ca t . , 11, p . 5 6 4 ) ; Ma'had 1305 ( c a t . , p . 1 1 3 ) ; Princeton 127912 New Series; IlihiyyZt 77d (ca t . , I , p . 4 6 4 ) ; Los Angeles M I 1 9 5 (cat. p . 1 5 6 ) Abridgement: by NizZmal-Din al-$ahrashti , MS: Radawi 2849 ( ca t . , v . , p . 4 9 0 )

A l - M o s t ' i l o l - N i j $ i r i y y i i t Edition: Tehran, 1276 (in the collection of ol-Jowi j rn imi ' 0 1 - f i q h i y y a ) Selected MSS: Raaawi 2 6 4 5 , 2646 (cat . , 11, p. 1 3 4 ) ; FayGiyya 1806 ( ca t . , I , p. 2 4 2 ) ; Dinishgih 6 9 1 4 1 1 4 , 6930 (cat . , XVI, pp. 3 9 8 , 4 0 4 ) ; Majlis 4 3 2 6 1 2 , 518716 (cat . , XII, p. 2 0 , XVI, p. 8 ) ; Sipahsilir 253313 (ca t . , V , p . 5 6 2 ) ; uuqiiq 21614 j '(cat., pp. 4 5 9 - 6 0 ) ; Mar'ashi 221915 (cat . , VI, p . 2 0 9 ) ; Waziri 2226 ( c a t . , IV, p. 1 2 0 8 ) ; Gulpiyigini 104312 (ca t . , 11, p . 2 2 3 ) ; KZshZn, Radawi 7 3 1 1 ( ca t . , VII, p . 3 9 )

L - ~ A L A S ~ :

. . , Edition: Qum, 1404 MSS: Milli 86312 Arabic (cat . , VI11, PD. 3 6 7 - 8 ) ; Mailis 1 1 3 , 6713 Khu'i, 3544 , 432511 (ca t . , I V , p. 8 4 , VII , pp. 226 -8 , X, p . 1 5 0 6 , X I I , w . 1 9 1 , IlZhlyyZt 45211d ( c a t . , I , p. 3 0 2 ) ; Mahk 2647 (cat . , I , p . 58i); Radawi i i 4 0 , 7857 ( ca t . , 11, p. 1 0 3 ; Binish, p . 9 4 9 ) ; Mar'ashi 4 4 1 1 1 , 3894 (ca t . , 11, p. 4 2 , X, p . 2 7 6 ) ; GulpZyigZni (cat . . 111. n o . 8 0 - 1 ) : Buruiiridi ( ca t . . o. 2 9 ) : Hakim 9611 ( N o s h . ,

A l - M o r i i s i r n o l - ' A l a w i y y a w a ' I - o h k f i n a l - N o h o w i y y o Editions: Tehran, 1276 (in the collection of 01-Jawcrni ' 0 1 - f i q h i y y a ) ; Beirut, 1400 Selected MSS: DZnishgZh 7 0 1 (ca t . , V , p . 2 0 1 4 ) ; DZr al-Kutub (Fu'Zd Sayyid, I , p . 3 3 7 ) ; Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 79212 (ca t . , I , p . 2 8 4 ) ; Raaawi 2658 (ca t . , p. 1 3 8 ) Abridgement: by al-Mubaqqiq, MS: uakim (AB, X X , pp. 207 -8 )

IBN AL-BARRAJ :

J o w i j h i r 01- f iqh Edition: Tehran, 1276 (in the collection of o l -Jawi i rn i ' a l - f i q h i y y a ) MSS: uakim 3 9 6 , 504 (cat . , I , p . 1 6 9 ) ; Radawi 6526 (cat . , V, p . 4 0 1 ) ; Majlis 8 8 5 4 ; Gulpiyigini 24411 ( ca t . , I , p. 2 1 1 )

A l - M u h a d h d h o b MSS: Radawi 2 5 9 8 , 7 8 5 8 , 8 0 3 1 (cat . , 11, p p . 1 1 9 - 2 0 ; Binish, p . 1 0 5 2 ) ; Gulpiyigini 1887 (ca t . , 11, pp. 96 -71 ; Mar'ashi 44112 ( ca t . , 11, p . 4 3 ) ; Majlis 322613 (ca t . , X, p . 8 0 9 ) ; DZnishgZh 92011 ( ca t . , V, p p . 2 0 7 7 - 8 )

L-SHAYKH:

A l - Ju rna l w o ' I - ' u q i i d Editions: Tehran, n .d . (facsimile from a manuscript dated 7 8 9 ) ; Mashhad, 1389

64 AN INTRODUCTION TO ~ H i ' f LAW

Selected MSS: Mashhad, Ilihiyyat 79211 (ca t . , I , p.284); Majlis 4953110, 634216, 3082 ( ca t . , X, p.637, XIV, pp.229-30; WobTd, V, p . 299; cat . of microfilms of Dinishgiih, I , p . 777) ; Princeton 1886110 New Series, 399214 Yahuda ( ca t . , p . 148); Amir al-Mu'minin 51211 (Nash., V , p . 412); Isfahiin, Diinishgiih 16929 (ca t . , p.924); Gawharshid 112913 ( ca t . , p . 251); D i r al-Kutnb 1933813, 19908 ( ca t . , I , pp.221-2)

- Al-Khiliif f= MosiS'il 01-khiliif Editions: Tehran, 1370, 1377; Qum, 1376, 1404 Selected MSS: Mahdawi 433 (cat . p . 170); Majlis 3093, 8785 ( ca t . , X, p.645; uu j ja t i , p . 664); Los Angeles MI63 ( ca t . , p.219); Tabriz, Qadi (Nosh. , VII, p . 522); Kiishiin, AthXr-i Milli 199 (Nosh . , IV, p . 357); Dinishgih 6283 ( ca t . , XVI, p . 234) Abridgement: by Abu 'Ali Fadl b . Basan al-Tabrisi ( d . 5481, MSS: vakim 198 (Nowiidir, pp. 56-7); Malik 1308 ( ca t . , I , p.744); Majlis 5143 ( c a t . , XV, p.213)

Editions: Tehran, 1270, 1387-93 Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 276. 398. 2562. 2613 (ca t . . I . ~ 0 . 3 0 4 . 414. V I I , ~ ~ . 147, 193-4); Malik i12o (cat . , I , p.632); 'vajtfin' 518 i ~ a w i d i r , pp.52-4); British Library Or. 3585 (Riew, pp . 211-12); Los Angeles M1199 ( ca t . , p .338); Radawi 2601, 2602 ( c a t . , 11, pp.120-1); Sin5 426 ( c a t . , I , p . 254); uaydariyya 586 ( c a t . , p .30) ; Bankipore 1401 ( ca t . Arabic, I , p.102)

- Al-NihiSyo IT mujarrad 01-fiqh wo 'I-fatiiwii Editions: Tehran, 1276 (in the collection of ol-Jowiimi' ol-fiqhiyyo), 1383-4; Beirut, 1390 Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 2 4 1 , 1840, 3126 (ca t . , I , p.265, V, p.226, VII, p.358); Mahdawi 487 (ca t . , p . 546); Dinishgih 5467, 6237 ( ca t . , XVI, pp.17, 348) and microfilms 2095, 1713 ( ca t . , I , p . 396); Ja'fariyya ( ca t . , V , p . 437; AB, XXIV, p . 404); Agafiyya 10 S h i ' i law ( ca t . , 11, p.253); Malik 3970 ( ca t . , I , p.784); Princeton, Yahuda 2382, 134 ( ca t . , p . 137); Tabriz, Milli (Nosh., IV, p . 315); Majlis 2728 ( ca t . , IX, pp . 58-61) Translations: (1) Persian, anonymous (belonging to 5th-6th cen tury) , edited Tehran, 1373-4, 1383-4, MSS: vuqiiq 328j ( ca t . , pp . 57-81: Majlis 838 ( ca t . , 111, pp.69-70); Diinishgiih 29212, 1228 ( ca t . , 111, p . 156, VI, pp.2449-50); Milli 1901f ( ca t . , IV, pp.355-6); (2) Perisan, the chapter on holy war, by Mubammad 'Ali al-Sirkini ( d . after 10331, MS: Waziri (cat. of microfilms of Diinishgiih, I , pp . 702-3) Commentaries: (1) on the first chapter , by al-Mubaqqiq, a s the f i rs t chapter of his 01-Masii'il 01-Misriyya - see below; (2) Nukot 01-Nihiiyo, by the same author - sec below

IBN ABI 'L-MAJD:

Ishiirat ol-sabq iiii mo'rifat a/-baqq Edition: Tehran, 1276 (jn the collectjon of ~I-Jaurirmi' al-fiqh.iy)/o) MSS: vakim 396 ( ca t . , I , p .53) ; Majlis 127212 ( c a t . , IV, p .64 ) ; DZnishg2h 92019 ( ca t . , V, pp . 1776-7); Mashhad, Iliihiyyit, microfilm 93 ( ca t . , I , p.230)

A L - ~ A H R A S H T ~ :

Isbiib al-ShT'a bi-misbiib 01-shorTCa MSS: Dinishgih 7 1 4 1 ( c a t . , XVI, p.464); Mar'ashi 345711 ( ca t . , IX, pp.255-6); KiishZn, 'iilifi (Nosh. , XI-XII, p . 954)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

N IJAMZA:

A/-WasTlo iliS nay1 oi-fofllo Editions: Tehran, 1276 (in the collection of a/-Jawzmi' a/-fiqhiyyo); Najaf [1400?1 MSS: DZnishgZh 700, 693016 (ca t . , V, pp.2102-3, XVI, p.404); Marcashi 291, 221913 (ca t . , I , p.336, VI, p .209); Milli, Arabic 197, 1799, 1945 (ca t . , VIII, w. 171, X, pp.380, 623-4); Amir al-Mu'minin (ca t . , V, p.416); ~ a ' f a r i ~ ~ a ( N O S ~ T , V, p.437); Sina 124 ( ca t . , I , p.64); BakTm 3311 (Nosh., V, p . 422); Raaawi 8070 (Binish, p.1071); Nawwiib 232 law ( ca t . , p.481)

N ZUHRA:

Ghunyat ol-nuzii' Edition: Tehran, 1276 (in the collection of al-Jawiimi' 01-fiqhiyya) Selected MSS: Majlis, 2 MSS (AB, 11, pp . 441-2; Mahfii~ I , p . 34; cat. of microfilnls of Diinishgih, I , 1.729); Gawharshiid 697 (cat . , p . 356); Danishgih 6868, 693015 ( ca t . , XVI, pp . 380, 404); Mar'ashi 447, 43211, 2219110 ( ca t . , 11, pp.35, 59, VI, p.210); Sipahsilir 2668 (ca t . , I , p.487)

N I D R ~ S :

A/-5oriS'ir ol-b5wT li-tobrTr al-fotiSwT Edition: Tehran, 1270 Selected MSS: Radawi 5713 ( ca t . , V , pp.451-2); Majlis 4554 ( ca t . , XII, pp . 237-8); Mar'ashi 2603 ( c a t . , VII, p.186); Dinishgiih 6651 ( ca t . , XVI, p.326); a s t i n a 6336 ( c a t . , p . I271

A/-Mukhtosor ol-niifi ' Editions: India. 1267; Tehran, 1326; Cairo. 1376; Naiaf, 1384 Selected MSS: MiIli 1788 Arabic ( ca t . , X, p.371); Marcashi 506, 527, 1654, 1679 (Cat.. 11, D W . 112, 132, V, ~ v . 5 2 . 7 3 ) ; Radawi 8196 (Binish, p.995); 11ihiyyit xiid ( ca t . , 11, p.84j; ~ i n i s h g i h is1711 (ca t . , VII I , p.206); Faydiyya 1378,1996 ( ca t . , I , pp. 235-6); Ann Arbor 99 (Nosh. X, p . 186); Leiden 96711 Warn. ( ca t . , IV, p.116); Princeton 153 New Series; British Library Or.4028 (Rieu, p.212); Agafiyya 178 S h i ' i law (cat . . IV. u . 477) . . . Translations: (1) Persian, anonymous (belonging to late 7thi13th cen- t u r y ) , edited Tehran, 1385, MS: Diinishgih 2407 ( ca t . , IX, p . 1027); (2) Persian, anonymous (belonging to 8th-9th centuries) , MSS: Dihllhudii 252 ( ca t . , p . 390); Mashhad, I l ihiyyi t 190 ( ca t . , I , p . 43); (3) Persian, by Mubammad Biiqir b . M . Taqi , MSS: Raaawi 2716 ( ca t . , V, p ,384) ; Bibliothsque Nationale 2234 (cat . IV, p . 189) ; (4) Persian, by 'Ali' al-Din b . Muhammad al-Qummi (early l l t h l l 7 t h cen tury) : MS: Gawharshad 1525 ( ca t . , p . 91); ( 5 ) Persian, by Muhammad Siilih b . Sultan 'Ali a l -Far ih in i , MS: IsfahSn. ' U m E m i 3061 (ca t . . I . u.66); (6) ~ e i s i a n , anonymous, MS: ~ e h r a n , Parwina (cat . of microfilms of Dinishgiih, 11, p . 209) Abridgement: ol-Muqtogar, by Ihn Diiwiid al-villi, MS: Majlis 404 Tabiitabii'i Commentaries: (1) ol-mu etabar. bv the author - see below: ( 2 ) Kashf . . . " . . . ~~. ol-rumCz, by al-Abi - see below; (3 ) Tabs71 ol-moniifr', by Ibn Diwiid al-villi, MS: Rawdiiti (MaQfii3 I , p.16); (4) anonymous (written before 79011388); MS: Mar'ashi 2245 ( ca t . , VI, pp.230-1); (5) al-TanqTb ol-rii'i' , by al-Miqdiid - see below; (6) 01-lv;uhodhdhob ol-biSri' , by Ibn Fahd - see below; (7 ) by al-Karaki, MSS: Adabiyyiit 6611d (ca t . ,

66 AN INTRODUCTION TO SH?'? LAW SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

p.200); Raaawi 2384, 2387, 6195 (ca t . , 11, pp.52-4, V, p.413); ~ u k o t 01-NihEiyo IgfahZn, 'Umiimi 3090 (ca t . , I , p.235); Bengal 623 ( c a t . , I , p.308); Edition: Tehran, 1276 (in the collection of 01-Jowcmi' 01-fiqhiyya)

Masjid-i A'zam 979; Dinishgih 696313 ( c a t . , XVI, p.412); Princeton MSS: Dinishgih 6746 (ca t . , XVI, p.352); Radawi 2665, 2666 (Cat., 234 New Series; I l i h i v d t 22514d (ca t . . I . 0 .262); Mailis 524012 (ca t . . 11, p . 140); Malik 2102 (ca t . , I , pp.776-7) . . . XVI, p . 251); guqiiq Bilzd, l l l b (ca t . , pp.326, 443); KishZn, ~ a b a w i ( c a t . , p . 34); Fayaiyya 1 6 7 2 ( c a t . , I , p . 93); Leiden 96713 Warn. (ca t . , IV, pp.116-17); Waziri 229016 (ca t . , IV, p.1235); Raskt 4311 (ca t . , p . 1193); Mashhad, ShZnachi (Nosh., V, p.595); (8) IdEih a/-NEifi', by al-Qatif'i, MS: Malik 260412 (Diinishpizhiih,p. 4): (9) by al-Shahid al-Thini , MSS: DinishgZh 1095 ( ca t . , V, p.1869); Majlis 534011 ( ca t . , XVI, p.251); (10) by 'Abd al-'Ali al-Karaki, MS: Yakim 211; (11) GhEiyal a/-marEim, by Sibib al-Madirik - see below; (12) Ghuror 01-mojiimi', by Niir al-Din 'Ali b . 'Ali b . IJusayn al- Miisawi al-'Amili ( d . 1061-81, MS: IgfahZn, DinishgZh 16890 (ca t . , p . 908; Nosh., V, p.300); (13) 01-Qiyii' 01-iEimiC, by Fakhr al-Din b . Mubarnmad 'A17 al-Turaybi al-Najafi ( d . 10851, MSS: Mar'ashi 1613 ( c a t . , V, pp . 15-16); Milli 22519f ( c a t . , I , pp.222-3); KishZni 94 ( c a t . , p . 193); (14) JEimi' a/-jowiimi', anonymous (belonging to late 12th-early 13th centuries) , MS: Mar'ashi 2123 (ca t . , VI, p . 135); (15) by Mubanmad 'Ali b . Mu'min ( d . af ter 12011, MS: Farhid Mu'tamid 147 ( c a t . . p . 189); (16) by 'Abd al-gamad al-Hamadini ( d . 1216), MS: Rasht 9812 (ca t . , pp . 1203-4); (17) Riyc7Q'al-mosEi'i1, by SZbib al-Riyid - see below; (18) VadTqot 01-Mu'minTn, by the same author - see below; (19) Mojmo' al-maso'il, by 'Ali b . Muhammad al-Baraghiini (mid-13th century) , MS: RawGZti (Mu'allim, V, p p . 1708- 9 ) ; (20) by Mas% b . Mubammad Sa ' id al-TihrZni ( d . 12631, MS: Masjid-i Jimi' 1 6 1 ( c a t . , p . 327); (21) by iblnbammad b . IJusayn al- Radawi ( d . 1266), MS: Radawi 6741 ( c a t . , V, p.459); (22) MashiTririq 01-onwEir, by Awrang ZTb b . Muhammad Taqi al-Qijir ( d . after 12691, MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XXI, p.33); (23) a/-MonEifi', by Mubarnmad b . Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Kishini ( d . 12691, MS: Khiligi ( ca t . , pp.77, 124-5); (24) TawEili' a/-IowiTmi', by Muhammad Taqi b . 'Abd al-RiaZ al-Miisawi al-Khishti ( d . around 12751, MS: Tustariyya 800 (ca t . , p . 806); (25) by Mubammad KZvim b . 'Ali Naqi al-Rashti al- Langariidi ( d . artcr 1281), MS: Faydiyya 1117 (ca t . , l , p.158); (26) 01-Bahr 01-IEimi' , by Muhammad Ibrihim b . Muhammad Mahdi al- Qishl iqi ( d . 12881, MSS: Mar'ashi 3491 ( c a t . , IX, pp.288-9); Faydiyya 837, 893, 894 ( ca t . , 1, pp.30-1); (27) a/-BurhEin a/-qiiLiC, by 'Ali b . Ri* A1 Babr alh'U1iim ( d . 12981, edited Tehran, 1291-2, MS: Dinishgih 750 ( ca t . , V, p . 1791); (28) 01-AnwEir a/-Ro@owiyya, by Muhammad RiGZ b . Ismi'il al-Miisawi al-ShirZzi ( d . around 1302), edited Tehran, 1287; (29) by Jamil al-Din b . 'Ali al-Miisawi (13th century) , MS: Mar'ashi 292912 ( ca t . , VIII, p.120); (30) Muntoqod a/-moniifi*, by uabib Allah b . 'Alimadad al-Kishini ( d . 13401, edited Tehran, 1394; (31) JiTmi' 01-madEirik, by Abmad b . Yiisuf al- KhwinsZri - see below; (32-6) five anonymous or unidentified com- mentaries: ( a ) MS: Majlis 505911 ( c a t . , XV, pp.23-1); ( b ) Persian, MS: Malik 2632 (ca t . , 11, p.204); ( c ) MS: Astina 6386 (ca t . , p.135); ( d ) MS: Majlis 9067; (e l MS: Astina 6331 (ca t . , p.135)

- A I-mu stabor Edition: Tehran, 1318 MSS: Majlis 1322, 3294 ( ca t . , IV, p . 94, X , p p . 915-16); Radawi 2834 ( ca t . , V, p.508); Mar'ashi 1029, 1367, 1584 ( c a t . , IV, pp.35-6, 140-1, 390); Mahdawi 809 ( c a t . , p . 171); Farhid Mu'tamid 188 (ca t . , p.243); DZnishgZh 6 4 1 1 (ca t . , XVI, p.261); Waziri 1607 (ca t . , 111, p.1001); Ustidi (ca t . , p.58)

ShorEi'i' 01-lslCm Editions: Najaf, 1389 and many others (see Mushir, cols. 537-8) Selected MSS: Majlis 466 TabitabZ'i; 9556, 7717; Yazd, 'Uliimi (Nosh., IV, p ,440) ; Bankipore 920-1 ( ca t . , Arabic, I , p . 91) ; Mar'ashi 202,3190, 3787 (ca t . , I , p.232, VI1, p.411, X, p.172); Sin; 868 (ca t . , 11, p .79) ; Mashhad, IlZhiyyit 258 ( ca t . , 1, p p . 154-5); Buriijirdi (ca t . , p.20); ljakim 431 (NowEidir, pp.45-7); 'Amira, Shakkira (Mabfiiz 11, p.207); Nawwib 40 law ( c a t . , p.450); Gawharshid 1029 (ca t . , p.312) Translations: (1) JEimiS-i RodowT, Persian, by 'Abd al-Ghani b . Abii TZlib al-Kishmiri (mid-12th century), edited Locknow, 1307, MSS: Dacca Du 373 (ca t . , I , pp . 269-70) ; Agafiyya 1186; Bankipore 1260 (cat . Persian, I , p . 201); (2) Persian, by Abu '1-Qisim b . Abmad al- Yazdi (mid-13th century) , edited Tehran, 1387-94, MSS: DinishgZh 6603 (ca t . , XVI, p.306); uuqiiq, 85b ( c a t . , pp.53-4); (3) Nojiit ol- mu'minii?, Persian, by Muhammad Kizim, MS: Cawharshad 812 (ca t . , 1 ( 4 ) Persian. the c h a ~ t e r on endowment, by Mubarnmad Basan . , al-Adib al-Kirmani , MS: Adabiyyit 62 uikmat (ca t . ,- p.8); (5) JiTmiLi Ja'forT, Urdu, by 'Abid uusayn b . Bakhshish Busayn al-Angiri ( d . 1330), edited Locknow, 1333; (6) Rawo'i' a/-ohkiim, Hindi, by Mubarnmad s id iq al-Kishmiri , edited Locknow, 1315-17; (7) Persian, anonymous, MS: Los Angeles 111350 ( ca t . , p.1.8); ( 8 ) Droit musulmon, Recuil de lois concernant les Musulmans schyiles, French, by A . Querry, edited Paris, 1871-2 AD Commentaries: (1) by Najm al-Din Ja'far al-Zihdazi (early 8th cen- t u r y ) , MS: Majlis 5508 ( c a t . , XVI, p.409); (2) Chiiyat a/-mariim, by Muflib al-Qaymari - see below; (3) Fowii'id 01-Shorii'i', by al-Karaki - see below; (4) by Yusayn b . Muflih al-Saymari ( d . 933), MS: Dinishgih 262114 (ca t . , IX, p . 1496); (5 ) by al-Shahid al-Thini - see below; (6 ) MosEilik 01-ofhiTm, by the same author - see below; (7) Madiirik 01-ohkiim, by sahib al-MadZrik, see below; (8) by al- DZmid, MS: SipahsZlir 729712 (ca t . , IV, p.203); (9) Sharh khutbol ol-Shora'i ' , by MuQammad Taqi b . Abu 'I-Yasan al-!Jusayni al- AstarZbidi (mid-11th century) , MS: Radawi 2487 ( ca t . , 11, p . 86); (10) by Mubarnmad b . JJasan alkShirwZni ( d . 1098), MS: DinishgZh 7095 (ca t . , XVI, p.455); (11) Safl~lo-yi tawflq, Persian, by 'Abd al-$amad b . 'Ashiir al-Tabrizi (late l l t h century) , MS: Masjid-i A'vam 498; (12) Muelornod 01-onlim, by Mubarnmad gidiq b . Mul~ammad (late l l t h century) , MSS: GawharshZd 438 ( ca t . , p.401); Mar'ashi 2811 ( ca t . , VIII, p .13); (13) by 'Ali b . Mubamrnad al-'Amili ( d . 11031, MSS: India Office 1789 (ca t . , 11, p . 306); SipahsZlir 260014 (ca t . , IV, p.204); sahib al-Dhari'a (AB, VI, p.108); (14) by Muhammad gilib al-Astaribddi (early 12th century), MS: Mahdawi 592115 (ca t . , p . 126); (15) FowEi'id 01-morEim, anonymous (written before 11071, MS: Najaf, Madrasat a lSayyid (AB, XVI, pp.358-9); (16) by Jawid b . 'A17 b . 'Abd al-'Lli al-Maysi ( d . after 1117), MS: Dinishgih 5252 (ca t . , XV, pp.418-19); 1 1 7 ) Mo'iirij al-ohkiim, by Uusayn b . Mubarnmad IbrZhim al-JJusayni al-Qazwini ( d . 12081, MSS: Qazwin, JJajj Sayyid Jawidi (Nosh., VI, p.351); Fayaiyya 99, 389 (Cat., I , pp . 257-9); Radawi 7254 (ca t . , V, p.507); SulaymZn Khin 7 ( c a t . , p.21); Nawwib 250 law ( c a t . , p . 477); Khiligi ( ca t . , p.116); Igfahin, DZnishgZh 16650 ( ca t . , p . 916); Mar'ashi 1916, 2410, 2434 (ca t . , V, pp.287-8, VII, pp.10, 28); DinishgZh 997-9, 6600110 (ca t . , V , pp. 2052-4, X V I , p . 306); Majlis 1 1 4 4 Tab i t ab i ' i ; SipahsZlZr 2697

68 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

(ca t . , V, p.594); Malik 3526 (ca t . , 1, p.692); Waziri 178119 ( c a t . , 111, p . 1053); (18) Babr a l -boq i i ' iq , by 'Abd al-samad al-Hamadini , MS: Majli? 5916 (ca t . , XVII, pp.303-5); (19) Maniihij a/-obkiim, by 'Abd alFcA1i b . Umid 'Ali al-Rashti ( d . af ter 12251, MS: Mar'ashi 2008 (ca t . , VI, p . 11): (20) by Muhammad Taqi b . Abmad al-Uusayni al-Tiliqani ( d . after 12261, MS: Amir al-Mu'minin 1698 CAB, XV, p.55); (21) Wodii ' i ' ol-obkiirn, by Zayn alFaLbidin b . gusayn al- Tab i t ab i ' i , MS: guquq 142b (ca t . , p . 502); (22) Mu'tomod a/-obkiim, by Khalaf b . gasan b . Mubammad '&li al-tli ' iri ( d . after 12321, MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XXI, p.212); (23) Iq'iib al-koli im, by gusayn b . Muhammad 'Ali al-A'sam al-Najafi ( d . 12371, MSS: gakim 1152 (ca t . , I , 8 D'anishgah 6892 (ca t . , XVI, p.390); RarJawi 2 2 4 2 ( ca t . , 11, p .11) ; (24) Kashf o l - jo l i im, by Mubsin b . MurtadZ al-A'sam al-Najafi ( d . 12381, MSS: Gharb 110012, 1107, 1222 ( ca t . , pp . 175, 289); Gawharshid 1438, 1448 ( ca t . , p.377); Mar'ashi ( N o s h . , VI, p.384); (25) Migbiib 01-ijtihiid, by Muhammad Ibrihim b . Bahrim Khalaj al- KharaqZni ( d . aftcr 1243), MS: 'Abd al-'Avim 347-8 (ca t . , p.477); (26) o l - D h o r i i ' i ' , by 'Abd al-gusayn b . Muhammad 'A17 al-A'sam al-Najafi ( d . 12471, MS: Radawi 7659 (Binish, p.772); (27) K h a g i i ' i ~ ol-o' l i im, by 'Abd al-Ra4m.n b . Muhammad $ilib al-Qazwini ( d . 1250), MS: Majlis 180811 (ca t . , IX, p.406); (28) by 'A17 b . Ja'far al-Najfi A1 Kishif al-Ghiti' ( d . 12531, MS: Gharb 1101 (ca t . , p.100); (29) Moyiili' o l -onwi i r , by al-Shafti - see below, chapter 6; (30) Kashf 01-qinii' ' an 01-obkfm, by Mubammad Kazirn al-HamadZnT ( d . af ter 12521, MS: Biqiriyya ( A B , XVIII, pp.52-3);(31) by Mustafa b . Mubammad al-Khu'i ( d . af ter 1252), MS: Waziri 2310 (cat . IV, p . 1244); (32) al-MorghGb, by Muhammad Mahdi b . 'Ali al-GiGni ( d . after 12541, MSS: Gawharshad 1233 (ca t . , p.390); Mar'ashi 2116 (ca t . , VI, pp . 128-9); Milli 1894 Arabic (ca t . , X, p . 546); Malik 2737 (ca t . , I , p.662); (33) Shawiiri ' o l -Shar i i ' i ' , by Basan b . Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Yazdi al-Mudarris ( d . after 12561, &lSS: Danishgih 1388, 6870 ( ca t . , VIII, p . 72, XVI, p.386); Waziri 208311 (ca t . , IV, p.1154); (34) DhokhTrot a l -bay 'z ' i ' , by Ni'mat Allah b . 'Abd Allih (written before 1255), MS: Malik 2084 (ca t . , I , p.323); (35) by Abu 'l-fjasan b . Mubarnmad Hidi al-gusayni al-Tunukibuni ( d . after 1255), MS: Buriijirdi (ca t . , pp . 8, 15); (36) 01-NGr 01-siir i ' , anonymous (written before 1256), MS: IJusayniyya Kashif al-Ghiti' (AB, XIII, p . 331, XXIV, p.369); (37) al-Fowi i ' id, by Ibrihim al-Lihiji ( d . after 1256), MS: ~ a r ' a s h i ( ibid. , XVI, p.355); (38) by Dawiid b . Asad Allah al- Buriijirdi (late 13th century) , MS: Mar'ashi 1478 (ca t . , IV, p . 269); (39) Dol f ' i l 01-obkzm, by Ibrahim b . Mubammad Baqir al-Miisawi al-Qazwini (a . 12621, MSS: Majlis 4429-30 (ca t . , XII, pp. 118-19); Hengal 620 (ca t . , I , p . 306); Mathaf 3629 ( c a t . , 1, p . 237); Radawi 7652-4 (Binish, pp.754-5); Malik, 3025 (ca t . , 1, p.312); Waziri 575 (ca t . , 11, p.486); kIuqiiq 189-90j (ca t . , pp.338-9); Masjid-i A'vam 11789-90 ; Fakim, 9 MSS; KarbalZ', Tu'ma, 4 MSS (Tu'ma 11, pp. 102-5); Zanjini 80 (ca t . , p.226); (40) Koshf oi- ibhiim, by Muhammad 'Ali b . Illaqsiid 'Ali al-MizandarZn7 al-KZzimi ( d . 1264-6), MS: s ib ib a l - ~ h a r i ' a CAB, XVII, pp.6-7); (41) Manhaj ol- i j t ih i id, by

Mubarnmad Taqi b . Mubammad al-Barghini ( d . 12631, MSS: Dinishgih 1829, 2791 (ca t . , VIII, p.426, X, p . 1642); Gulpiyigzni 203, 207 (ca t . , I , pp. 181,183); Mar'ashi 1233, 2406, 2720-1 (ca t . , VII, pp.7-8, 246, 285-6); Faydiyya 81, 83, 9 6 , 102 ( c a t . , 1, pp . 281-2); gujjatiyya 513 (ca t . , p . 92); Masjid-i A'vam 15346; KhayrZt Khan 64-5 (ca t . , p . 1771); RaQawi 1597, 6664, 7054, 7252 (ca t . , 11, p.119, V , pp.521-2; Binish, p . 1084); Malik 2744 (ca t . , I , p . 755); Arni~. 21-Mu'minin (AB, XIII, p1).317-18); Tabriz, Qadi (Nosh . , VII, p . 523); RawQZti (Mu'allim, V, pp.1712-13); (42) Persian, by the same author, MSS:

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS 69

Marcashi 2332 ( c a t . , VI, pp.311-12, 397); Gharb 4503 (ca t . , p.49); (43) by Mubammad Tihir al-RZnakCi'i al-ua'iri ( d . af ter 1265), MS: Mar'ashi 2323 (ca t . , VI, p p . 302-3); (44) Jawiihir al-kolCm, by $:bib al-Jawzhir - see below; (45) by Mubammad b . uusayn al-Radawi, MS: RaQawi 6493 ( c a t . , V , p . 458); (46) Hiiw'iol-mariirn, by MuPammad Biqir al-Gulpiyigini ( d . after 12681, MSS: ljuqiiq l l 7 j ( c a t . , p.327); GulpiyigZni 6-7 (ca t . , I , pp. 70-4); (47) NofabCt ol- i lhi im, by 'Abd al-vusayn al-Qazwini ( d . af ter 1270), MS: Mar'ashi 1517 (ca t . , IV, p.318); (48) by 'Ali al-Khwinsiri al-Hamadini ( d . after 1270), MS: Gharb 4721 (ca t . , p.146); (49) by Muhammad Biqir b . Ja'far al- MarBghi ( d . af ter 1274), MS: Mar'ashi 3502 ( c a t . , IX, pp. 201-2); (50) by Hidi b . Muhammad s i l ih al-Kirminshihi ( d . after 1280), MS: Majlis 5418 ( ca t . , XVl, p.327); (51) Madiir ik ol-obkiim, by Mahdi al-Qumsha'i a l - I~fahani ( d . 1281), MS: s ib ib al-Dhari'a (AB, XIII, p.330); (52) JCmi' al-jowiirni', by gasan b . Muhsin al-A'raji al- KBgirni (mid-13th century) , MS : Khzlisi (cat . , p . 85) ; (53) by Muhammad 'Ali b . MuPammad BBqir al-Shafti ( d . 1282), MS: Mar'ashi 199513 (ca t . , V , p.367); (54) by 'Ali b . 'Abd al-Ghaffar ( d . after 12881, MS: Mar'ashi 339312 (cat.., IX, p.180); (55) ol -Durro ol- u i i ' i r i y y o , by 'Ali Naqi b . Basan al-Tabitabi ' i (d. 1289), edited Iran, n . d . , MS: Majlis 5426 (ca t . , XVI, p.331); (56) by Asad Allih b . Mubarnmad Biqir al-Miisawi al-Shafti ( d . 12901, MS: GulpiyigZni 126 ( c a t . , I , p . 126); (57) by Miis5 b . Fadl Allah al-ljusayni al- Hamadani ( d . after 1295), MS: Raaawiyya 36 ( ca t . , I , pp. 22-3); (58) by Mubammad b . Muhammad gasan al-Radawi al-Tiisi ( d . after 12911, MS: Radawi 7259 (ca t . , V, p.384); (59) by Ja'far al-gusayni al-SabzawBri ( d . around 1292). MS: Biqirivya (AB, XIII, p.318); (60) by Mubarnmad b . 'Ashiir a l-~irm5nshih? (late 13th century) , MS: Mar'ashi 3110 ( ca t . , VIII, KID. 333-4); (61) by 'Ali b . Khalil al-Tihrini ( d . 12961, MS: ~a l ik-1449 ( c a t . , I , p.412); (62) Mowiihib ol-ofht in, by Mubarnmad Mahdi b . Basan al-Qazwini ( d . 13001, MS: uakim; (63) Mokhiizin 01-obkiim, by Mubarnmad Biqir b . Zayn al- 'iibidin al-Yazdi ( d . around 1300), MS: klakim 33 ( N o s h . , V, p.433); (64) bv Muhammad Kizim b . 'Ali Naoi al-Langariidi (late 13th cen- . . " ~ . t u r y ) , MS: ~ a y d i ~ ~ a ' l l l 7 (ca t . , I , p.158); 765) ol-Risiilu al-Roq'owiyyo, by RiQi al-Tabrizi (late 13th century) , MS: L3uqiiq 53j (ca t . , pp. 355-6) ; (66) 01-uaqz' iq, by 'Ali b . Mubarnmad s id iq al- KhwitEnibidi (12th-13th cen tu ry ) , MS: GulpiyigZni 76 (ca t . , I , pp .82-3); (67) by Mubarnmad Mahdi al-Kujiiri ( d . 1293), MS: Shir iz , Wisil (Nosh . , V, p.292); (68) by Jam3 al-Din b . 'Ali al-Miisawi, MS: Mar'ashi 292918 (ca t . , VII, p .122); (69) Mojrno' 01-obkfm, by 'Ali Mubarnmad b . 'Ali al-klusayni, MS: Waziri 150 (ca t . , 1, pp. 183 7 ) ; (70) by Mubarnmad Amin al-AhZri al-Mishkini, MS: Mar'ashi 2307 (ca t . , VI , p. 290) ; (71) by Mubammad b . gasan al-Langarudi , MS: gakim 2057; (72) by 'Ali ul-Duzdari, MS: Mar'ashi 2574 (ca t . , VII, p . 162); (73) by 'Abd al-WahhZb b . Ahmad al-Maballzti, MS: Ilahiyyit 61512d (ca t . , I , p . 341); (74) Dold'i l al-abkiim, by Mubarnmad gusayn b . Mubammad 'Ali al-Tabib al-TihrZni, MS: Malik 1740 ( ca t . , I , p . 3 (75) Kiishif a/-ibhiirn, by Qisim b . Mubarnmad al-Najafi, MS: Mar'ashi 2873 (ca t . , VIII, p .81); (76) 01-MawiihLb 01-Charowiyyo, by 'Abd al-Baqi b . 'Ali al-Miisawi, MSS: GulpiyigZni 391-2 (ca t . , 1, p . 325); (77) Doqi i ' iq 01-ofhiim, anonymous, MS: Shirizi (AB, VIII, p ,234) ; (78) Jiimi' 01-abkiim, by Muhammad b . kIasan al-A'raji al- KZvimi ( d . 13031, MS: Khilisi (ca t . , p.55); (79) by 'Abbis b . Mubammad gusayn al-JagZni ( d . 13061, MS: Khilisi ( ca t . , pp.83-5); (80) by 'Ali b . Zayn alb'iibidin (written before 13071, MS: Majlis 4 2 1 Tab i t ab i ' i ; (81) Lowiimi' o l -n ik i i t , a collection of the lectures of al-Ansari - see below; (82) Hidi iyot ol-oniim, by Mubarnmad gusayn

70 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'I LAW

b. Hashim al-Ki~imi ( d . 13081, edited, Najaf, 1330-1, MSS: RaJawi 8099-8101 (Binish, pp. 1074-6) ; (83) Kashf a/-gin:' , by Muljammad Rabim b . Muhammad al-Buriijirdi ( d . 1309), MS: Malik 2695 (ca t . , I , p . 596); (84) by Mubammad Busayn &'Arab al-Dimid ( d . after 1310), MSS:Majlis 9526-34; (85) DharC'i ' al-onfm, by Abmad al-Mali'iri (written before 1310), MSS: Mar'ashi 3295 ( c a t . , IX, pp.77-8); Masjid-i A'vam 1084; (86) by Muhammad 'Ali b . Mubarnmad s id iq al-Raaawi ( d . 13111, MS: Raaawi 6524 (ca t . , V, p.490); (87) Ma'Crif ol-abkiim, by Mahdi b . gilibal-Tabitabi'i al-JJakim ( d . 13121, MS: JJakim (AB,XXI, p . 189); (88) ShawZri' 01-o' l fm, by Muhammad JJusayn b . Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Shahrastini ( d . 13151, MS: vuqiiq 2483' (ca t . , p.394); (89) WodC'i' a/-nubuwwo, by Hidi al-Tihrini - see below; (90) by Yiisuf b . Mubammad RiOZ al-GilZni ( d . after 13211, MSS: Mar'ashi 1235-6 (ca t . , IV, pp.34-5); (91) MizbCb 01-foqTh, by Rioi al-HamadZni - see below; (92) DhorC' iC 01-obliim, by Muhammad JJasan al-Mimaqini - see below; (93) by JJasan b . Abmad al-JJusayni al- Kish in i ( d . 13421, MS: RaJawi 7176 ( c a t . , V, p.411); (94) by Mahdi b . JJusayn al-KhZlisi ( d . 13431, edited Mashhad, 1342; (95) Muntohf maqCsid a/-oniim, by 'Abd AIlih b . Muhammad JJasan al-Mimaqini ( d . 13511, edited Najaf, 1348-9; (96) by Muzaffar b . Mu&mmad 'Ali al-uusayni al-Rashti, MS: Mar'ashi 124611 (ca t . , IV, p.44); (97) MiftCb al-koliim, by MuPammad IIishim b . 'Abd Allih al-Tasiiji al-Khu'i ( d . 1358) edited Tabriz,1345; (98) by Mubammad JJusayn b . Hibat Allah al-Raaawi al-KZshZni (d . 13851, MS: Kashin, RaJawi (cat . , p . 36); (99-114) sixteen anonymous or unidentified comment- arics: ( a ) Persion, MSS: AdabiyyZt 44b (ca t . , p.335); Majlis (WobTd, IV, p.646); ( b ) MS: Fayoiyya 670 ( ca t . , I , p.150); ( c ) MS: Waziri 376712 ( ca t . , V, p.1788); ( d ) MS: Milli 119712 Arabic ( c a t . , IX, p . 186); ( e l MS: Majlis 81110 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, p.90); ( f ) MS: RaJawi 55511 law (ca t . , V, p.366); ( g ) MS: NawwZb 17012 jurisprudence ( ca t . , p.470); ( h ) MS: FayJiyya 14113 ( ca t . , 111, p .5 ) ; ( i ) MS: Tustariyya 610 (ca t . , p.803); ( j ) MS: Masjid-i A'vam 259; ( k ) SipahsZlir 668311 (ca t . , IV, p . 204); (1) MS: GawharshZd 521 (ca t . , p.324); (m) MS: Sulaymin Khin 52 ( c a t . , p .13); ( n ) MSS: Gawharshad 472, 487 (ca t . , p.324); (0) MS: Ust idi ( ca t . , p.23); ( p ) MS: NawwZb 201 law (ca t . , p.461)

A L - A B ~ :

Koshf 01-rumiiz MSS: Mar'ashi 205, 1263 ( c a t . , I , p.235, IV, p.68); Gawharshad 1300 ( c a t . , p.377); Raoawi 2533 ( c a t . , 11, p . 101); SipahsZlZr 2268 ( c a t . , I , p.481); DinishgZh 721 (ca t . , V, pp.1984-7)

YAJJYA B. SA'TD

Jiimi' 01-sharii ' i ' MSS: Tustariyya (AB, V, p.61); Majlis 4775, 432512 ( c a t . , XII, p.19, XIII, pp.172-3); DinishgZh 147612, 100512 (ca t . , V, p.1984, VIII, p.128); IlZhiyyit 45212d (ca t . , I , p.302); JJuqiiq 21613j ( ca t . , pp ,419-20) ; Princcton 96012 New Series; SipahsilZr 2660 (ca t . , I , p.387, IV, pp. 12-13); Masjid-i A'vam 4346

ANONYMOUS (written in 698):

JCmi' 01-khilCf wo ' I -wi f i iq bayn a/-ImCmiyyo wa b'immot 01-UijCz wo , I- ' l r i i q MS: Danishgih 6702 ( c a t . , XVI, p.336)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS 7 1

- IrshCd a/-adhhzn Editions: Tehran, 1272; Qurn, 1403-4 (both together with al-Ardabilils Mojma* a / - f i ' i do wo ' I -burhCn) Selected MSS: Radawi 2222 ( c a t . , 11, p . 5 ) ; Mailis 4941, 287011, 464511 (ca t . , X, pp.218-19, XIII, p.33; X I V , pp.170-1); ~ a r ' a s h i 2805, 961, 1487, 3363 (ca t . , 111, p.153, IV, p.284, VIII, p .7 , IX, p.138; Nosh . , VI, p.356); Dinishgih 3665, 722, 3560 (ca t . , V, pp. 1771-4, XII, pp. 2580, 2675) ; Topkapi Sarayi 1082 Arabic ( ca t . , 11, n.764): Princeton. New Series 318. 826. 1329. 1444: Guluivitzini 50 L~~ . . . . " (ca t . , I , p.63); ~ a l i k 2320 (ca t . , I , p .29); ~ e n g a i 630 ( c a t . , I , pp. 311-12); Leningrad 76 ( N o s h . , VIII, p . 103); Berlin Spr. 652 (ca t . , IV, p . 133); Daca DU 392 ( c a t . , 11, p . 533); Ambrosiana C.134 (ca t . , 11, p . 187); Dar al-Kutub 21262b, 23235b (ca t . , I , p.34) Commentaries: (1) by Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin - see below; (2 ) Durar 01-niqCd, by 'Abd al-Rabmin b . Mubammad aIEcAti'iqi ( d . after 7791, MS: DZnishgZh 1280 ( c a t . , VII, p.2711); (3) GhCyot 01-murCd, by al-Shahid al-Awwal - see below; ( 4 ) Khu l f$o t a/-tanqTb,by Ibn Fahd al-AbsZ'i - see below; (5) To'lTq a/- I rshCd, by al-Karaki - see below; (6) by Niir al-Din 'A17 b . 'Abd al-'A17 al-Maysi (d . 9381, MS: al- Imim al-Sadia (Mabfiiz 11. u.250); ( 7 ) 01-HCd7 ilo ' I - roshzd , bv al-Qatifi; MSS: ~ i l i k ' 2723 ( c a t . , I , p.801); RaJawi 2678, 8163 ( ca t . , 11, pp.143-4; Binish, p . 1074); Rawditi ( A B , X X V , p.150) (8) a second commentary by ihe same author, MS: RaJawi f5111 law (ca t . , V, p.468, footnote 2 ) ; (9) by al-Shahid al-Thini , MSS: Mar'ashi 3354 ( c a t . , IX, p.131); RaJawi 6 law (ca t . , 11, pp.3-4); Ustidi ( c a t . , p .5 ) ; (10) Raw@ a/- j inCn, by the same author - see below; (11) by JJusayn b . 'Abd al-$amad al-'Hmili, MS: JJakim 1 1 0 2 ; (12) Mojmo' a/-boyCn, by 'Ali b . JJusayn al-gi'igh al-'Amili (late 10th century) , MS: Dinishgih 441212 (ca t . , XIII, p.3375); (13) Majmo' 01-fC'ido wa ' I - bu rhCn, by al-Ardabili - see below; (14) Manhaj 01- sodCd, by 'Abd al-'iili al-Karkai, MS: Sipahsilir 248611 (ca t . , I , p.440, V, p.681); (15) a/- Iqt izCd, by 'Abd al-Nabi b . Sa'd al-Jazi ' iri ( d . 1021), MSS: Majlis 5886 (cat . ,-XVII, p.281); Mar'ashi (AB, 11, p.268); (16) by Bahi ' al-Din alECAmili, MS: Dinishgih 1983 (ca t . , VIII, p . 592); (17) by Jawid b . 'Alial-Karaki (mid-11th century) , MS: Mar'ashi (AB, VI, p.22); (18) BurhCn ol-sadiid, by Mubarnmad b . Ahmad b . Khitiin alkCAmili ( d . after 10391, MS: Rawoiti (ca t . , I , pp . 372 i f ) ; (19) Thomarat 01-jinCn , by Mubarnmad b . Mabmiid al- Tabasi ( d . after 10581, MSS: IlihiyyZt l l j , 96b ( ca t . , I , pp.502-3); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 106 (ca t . , I , pp . 6 1 2 ) ; (20) DhokhTrat a/-ma' i id, by al-SabzawZri - see below; (21) by al-Mibilzi, MS: Najaf, Jaz i ' i r i (Nosh . , VII, p.716); (22) by al-FiJil al-Hindi, MS: Gulpiyigini 1613 ( ca t . , 11, p . 107) ; (23) MustaqgC a / - i j t i h t d , by JJusayn b . Mubammad IbrZhim al-Qazwini , MSS: Buriijirdi ( ca t . , p . 38) ; JJuquq 119 b (ca t . , pp.462-3); (24) TanqTb 01-boyCn, by Nagr Allih b . JJasan al-JJusayni al-Astaribidi ( d . af ter 1236), MSS: Sipahsilir 2483-5 ( c a t . , I , p.438, 111, pp. 517-8); Majlis 433212 ( c a t . , XII, pp. 23-4); (25) Monhaj a/-sadiid, by Abmad b . 'Ali Mukhtar al-GulpZyigZni (mid-13th century) , MSS: GulpiyigZnT 190, 2 7 6 (ca t . , I , pp.172, 241); Mar'ashi 2467, 2728 (ca t . , VII, pp.60, 290-1) ; (26) Konz -a/-fawC'id, by Mu'min al-Ardabili (mid- 13th century) , MSS: Nurbakhsh 125 ( ca t . , I , p p . 150-1); Rawaiti (cat . , I , pp. 244 f f ) ; (27) TorTq a/-roshCd, by Mubarnmad Kiqim b . Mubammad Riai al-Tabari (mid-13th cen tu ry ) , MSS: Fayoiyya 318, 506, 1096 (ca t . , 1, p . 181); (28) Nohj 01-sadiid, by Mubarnmad RiJi b . Mu'~ammad Ja'far al-Tabrizi ( d . after 12581, MS: Mar'ashi 1252 (ca t . , IV, pp.54-5); (29) by Mubarnmad HZdi b . Mubammad Biqir al-Sharif at-Khu'i ( d . after 1258), MS: Masjid-i A ' z n m 428; (30) GhanTmat a/-ma'Cd, by Mubarnmad $Zlib b .

7 2 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW

Mubarnmad al-Baraghini (d.1275), MSS: Milli 1939 Arabic (ca t . , X, p . 419); Majlis 4438 ( ca t . , XII, p . 122); Sipahsilir 8196 ( c a t . , V, p.353); Nawwiib 214 law ( c a t . , p.463); Khayrit Khin 71 (ca t . , p.1753); Ma'had 1165 (ca t . , p.102); Mar'ashi 2449 (ca t . , VII, p.47); Waziri 357 (ca t . , I , p.331); Najaf, Madrasat al-Sayyid (AB., XVI, p.71); (31) Moslok ol-riishid7n, by the same author, MSS: Ragawi 2831 (Cat . , V, p.504); Mar'ashi 2436, 2668 (ca t . , VII, pp. 30,247); Majlis 8464; gujjatiyya 514 (ca t . , p .84); Faydiyya 951 (ca t . , I , p.136); (32) by 'Ali Akbar b . Ibriihim al-KhwinsZri ( d . 12711, MSS: Gulpiyigini 160-2 ( c a t . , I , pp.146, 148-50); (33) Monhoj 01-roshiid, by Mubarnmad Ja ' far b . Muhammad Ibrihim al-Kalbisi ( d . 12921, MS: Rawgiti (ca t . , pp ,227 f f ) ; (34) Muttadid al-Shi'a, anonymous (written in 1277), MS: Malik 1875 ( ca t . , I , p.697); (35) by Mubammad Mahdi b . Mubammad Ibrihim al-Kalbisi ( d . 1278), MS: Ma'had 1470 (ca t . , p.123); (36) by al-Angiri - see below; (37) by Mubarnmad gasan b . Mubarnmad gilib al-Baraghini ( d . after 12881, MS: Mar'ashi 340411 ( c a t . , IX, p . 187); (38) by 'Abd al-gusayn b . 'Ali al-Baraghini (d . around 12901, MS: Mar'ashi (AB., XIII, p .77); (39) by Mubarnmad Biqir b . Murtaai al-Tabitabi ' i al-Yazdi ( d . 12981, MS: Mar'ashi 76515 (ca t . , 11, p.375); (40) at-Duror at-mon?Limo, by Mubammad b . Mubammad TZhir al-Tunukibuni (13th century) , MS: Majlis 191518 (ca t . , IX, pp.571-2); (41) Persian, by 'Abd al-Salim al-Ansir i , MS: Dinishgih 4408 ( ca t . , XIII, p.3368); (42) by Mubammad 'Ali b . Zayn al-'Abidin al-NClri, MS: Waziri 376812 (ca t . , V, p . 1789); (43) DhokhTrat al-ma'iid, by 'Ali b . 'Ali Riai al-Yazdi al-Mudarris ( d . 13161, MS: Majlis 4649 (ca t . , XIII, pp.34-8); (44-8) five anonym- ous or unidentified commentaries: ( a ) MS: Dinishgih 164313 (ca t . , VIII, p.220); ( b ) MS: Sipahsilir 2487 (ca t . , I , p.436); (c ) MS: Fayaiyya 1090 (ca t . , I , p.136); ( d l Persian, MS: Majlis 5743 (ca t . , XVII, pp.183-4); (e ) Persian, MS: Zanjin (ca t . , pp.111-12)

- Mukhtalaf 01-Shi'o Editions: Tehran, 1323-4, Qum, 1403 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 707. 5599. 5888 (ca t . . V . DO. 2006-8. XVI. pp.335, 389); Majlis fill (ca t . , I V ~ p.91); Mareasif 1052, 1545, 1'229 (ca t . , 111, p.241, IV, pp.30, 347); Radawi 7923, 2563-4 (ca t . , 11, pp. 109-10); al-Imim al-Siidiq (Mabfiiv 11, p.250); gakim (Nowiidir, pp. 54-51; Najaf, hladrasat al-Khalili (AB, XX, p . 219); Waziri 1596 (ca t . , 111, p . 997); Gharb 4591 ( ca t . , p . 183); India Office 1790 (ca t . , 11, pp.306-7); Bengal 636 ( ca t . , I , p.314); Bodleian, Arahic d.108 Commentaries: (1) by al-Karaki, MSS: Raaawi 2363 ( c a t . , 11, p.47); Majlis 679 TabZtabX'i; Waziri 2095 (ca t . , IV, p . 1163); (2) anonymoui (written before 917), MS: Mar'ashi 256417 (ca t . , VII, p.153); (3) by al-Dimid, edited Tehran, 1401 (in the collection of lthnii'ashar risiilo li 'I-Diimiid), MSS: Radawi 5194 (ca t . , V, p . 413); Dinishgih, micro- film 3450 (ca t . , 11, p . 146); (4) by RaE' al-Din Mubammad b . gaydar al-gusayni al-Tabitabi ' i al-Ni'ini ( d . 10821, MSS: Radawi 6647 ( c a t . , V , p.414); Mar'ashi 2875 ( ca t . , VIII, p.82); (5) anonymous (belonging to 11th century) , MS: Ustidi (ca t . , p . 16)

- Mun tab5 01-n:arlob Edition: Tabriz, 1316133 Selected MSS: JJakim (NowZdir, pp . 60-1) ; Gawharshid 554 (ca t . , p.416); Khiligi ( ca t . , p . 125); Raoawi 2850 (ca t . , 11, p.250); Fayoiyya 777 ( ca t . , 1, p.272); Malik 1012 ( ca t . , I , p.745); Biblio- th2que Nationale 6658 ( ca t . , 11, p.330); Bstana 5990 (ca t . , p.177); Wazki 523 (ca t . , 11, p.455); Zanjin (ca t . , p.165) Commentary: by Mubarnmad Mahdi b . Hidiyat Allah al-uusayni al- Mashhadi ( d . 1218); MS: Majlis 180415 (ca t . , IX, p.321)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS 73

NihFyot ol-ibkiim MSS: Dinishzih 662 ( ca t . , XVI, u.328); KishZn, Athir-i Milli 433 j ~ o s h . , IV, <.358); Raaawi 2654, 2661 (Binish, p . 1063); gakim 40 (Nawiid~r, pp.61-3); Majlis 8794, 5487 (ca t . , XVI, p.385); Malik 1928, 2967 (ca t . , I , pp.779-80); Gharb 400, 477 (ca t . , p.202); Nawwib 85 law (ca t . , p.480); Princeton 1256 New Series; Waziri 531 (ca t . , 11, p.461); NGrbakhsh 374 (ca t . , 11, p.95); Hamadin, Madrasa-yi Damghini (Nosh., V, p . 384)

Qawii'id 01-abl<iirn Editions: Tehran, 1272 (together with al-Karaki1s Jiimi' :I-Moqiisid), 1315, 1329, 1387-9 (together with Fakhr al-Mubaqqiqin's IQ'iib 01-fowii'id) selected MSS: Danishgih 1273, 70411, 705, 1407 (ca t . , V, pp. 1970-8, VII, p.2769, VIII, p.84); British Library Or.7511 (Riew, p .23) ; KhZligi (ca t . , pp. 89-90); Fayoiyya 34, 143 ( c a t . , I , pp.204-7); Marcashi 1310, 1729 (ca t . , IV, p.98, V, pp . 116-17); Gawharshid 387 ( c a t . , pp.330-1); Radawi 3516 (ca t . , 11, pp.95-6); Majlis 564311, 603 TabitabZ'i (ca t . , XVII, pp. 97-8); Ilihiyyit 175j (ca t . , I , p.630); Tustariyya 790 ( ca t . , p . 808); NawwZb 94 law ( c a t . , p.464); Gharb 927 ( c a t . , p . 170); Sulaymin Khin 54 (ca t . , p . 16); gujjatiyya 379 ( c a t . , pp. 15-61; Princeton 529 New Series; Leiden 460 Warn. ( ca t . , IV, p . 162); Los Angeles M 1316 (ca t . , p p . 321-2): Topkapi Sarayi 1090 Arabic (ca t . , 11, p.764) Translations: (1) Persian, by Mubammad b . Mubammad b . 'Abd Allih (written before 858). MS: Khavrit Khan 39 ( ca t . , p . 1726); (2) Persian, by gasan Isfandiyir i , edited Tehran, 1382 Commentaries: (1) by al-'Allima, MS: DZnishgih 3514123 (ca t . , XII, ow. 2527-8): (2) TahrTr al-tohrTr. bv Divi' al-Din 'Abd Allah b . " . . kubammad al-kiraji'al-uilli 6. after 7401, MSS: Dinishgih 70412, 119212 ( c a t . , V, pp. 1864-5, VI, p.2154_); (3) Kanz ol-fowii'id,by al- Sayyid 'Amid al-Din - see below; (4) Idiib o/-rnoqii5id, by Fakhr al-Muhaaaiain - see below; (5) Jiimi' 01-fawii'id iT sharh khutbat . A

01-Qowii'id, by the same author , MSS: Tustariyya 790 (cat . , p ,808); Dinishgih 119311 (ca t . , VI, p.2198); Mailis 274811, 521911 (ca t . , IX, p . 8 , X I , p 5 1 Radawi i52911, 6307 -(cat . , 11, p . 99, IV, p.60); Princeton 529 New Series; India Office 180011 (ca t . , 11, p.310); Sioahsilir 224 ( ca t . . I . DD. 380-1): Di r al-Kutub 1989513 ica t . . I . . . L L

p.*204); Amir al-Mu'minin 55 ( A D , XIII, p.224); (6) ol-~osi i ' i j 01- Mo?iihiriyya, by the same author - see below; (7) Mo'nii qawl olcAl1Zmo fi "IQawii'id "olii ishkiil', by the same author, MSS: Dinishgih 634012, 636911 (ca t . , XVI, pp.246,253); (8) marginal glosses by the same author, MS: Mareashi 1310 ( ca t . , IV, p.98); (9) anonymous (belong- ing to 8th century) , MS: Majlis 5136 (ca t . , XV, p.125); (10) Wasilot 01-qzsid, by Ibn al-Mutawwij, MSS: Radawi 2782, 5727 (ca t . , V, pp. 528-9); Dinishgih 2144135 (ca t . , IX, p.828); (11) by Jamil al-Din Ahmad b . al-Najjir ( d . 823-351, edited Tehran, 1315, MSS: Sini 780 ( ca t . , 11, p .59); DZnishgZh 1193 (ca t . , VI, p.2194); Waziri 1323 ( ca t . , 111, p.928); Gharb 4584 (ca t . , p . 113); 'Abd al-'Azim 194 (ca t . , p . 463); (12) Sodi'd 01-afhZm, by Fakhr al-Din Abmad b . Mubammad al-Sabi'i ( d . after 854) - see below; (13) Sharb ol-mos'ola 01-nahbiyyo min Qawii'id ol-abkiim, by Raai al-Din 'Abd al-Malik b . Isbiq b . Fatbin al-Qummi ( d . 851-771, edited Qum, 1393 (in my treatise Khiinidiin-i Fatbiin 1, MS: Majlis 1231 Tabatabi ' i ; ( 14) by 'Ali b . Hilil al-Jazi ' iri i d . after 909), MS: Mar'ashi 1706 ( ca t . , V, p .99 ) ; (15) JZmi' 01- moqF$id, by al-Karaki - see below (16) a second commentary by the same author , MSS: Dinishgih 1193 (ca t . , VI, p . 2198); Mar'ashi 944 c a t , 111 p . 3 Waziri 434 (ca t . , I , p.386); Milli 1825 Arabic (ca t . , X, pp.409-10); (17) Koshf at-fawii'id, by al-Qatifi, MS: Majlis 8112+5

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

Khu'i ( c a t . , VII, pp.165, 232-6); (18) Fowci'idol-Qowii'id, by al-Shahi al-Thini - see below; (19) by Niir al-Din 'Ali b . Ahmad b . Abi JSmi' al-'Amili (late 10th century) , MS: Gharb 75 ( c a t . , p . 150); (20) Jiimi 01-fowii'id, by 'Abd Allih b . Uusayn al-Tustari - see below; (21) flail 'ibzro m-u'q'ola rnin 01-Qawii'id ('law kiin a/-ikhliil , . . ' 1 , by Bahi ' al-Din al-'Amili, MSS: Dinishgih 8918113 ( c a t . , V, p.1866); Majlis 114512 Khu ' i , 1805158 (ca t . . VII, pp.161-2, IX, p.360); Radaw 2358 ( c a t . , 11, p .45) ; 'Abd al-'Azim 20013 (ca t . , p.443); Princeton 52 New Series (fols. 21b-26b); Mar'ashi 280212 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 4 ) ; (22) Shorb mos'olo min rnasii'il mii-fth 01-Qowii'id, anonymous (written before 1040), MS: Masjid-i A'zam 308518; (23) Dalii'il 01-obkcim, by al-Dimid, edited Tehran, 1 4 0 1 (in the collection of lthnii'ashor risiilo l i 'I-Diimiid), MSS: Uakim 1590; Yazd, 'Uliimi 61319 (cat . of micro- films of Dinishgih I , p . 702); (24) anonymous (written before 10701, MS: Dinishgih 7252 ( c a t . , XVI, p.499); (25) Persian and Arabic, by Mubarnmad b . klasan al-Shirwani ( d . 1098), on some sentences of Qowii'id, MSS: Raaawi (AB, XIV, p.38); Dinishgih 7008115-16+18+25, 709119-10 ( c a t . , XVI, pp.426-7, 480); Fayaiyya 1665 (ca t . , 111, pp. 113-14); (26) by 'Ali b . Mubammad al-'Amili, MS: Majlis 513 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, p . 164) ; (27) by Mubarnmad Hadi b . Muhammad s i l ib al- Mizandarini ( d . around 11341, MSS: Dinishgih 1841 ( ca t . , VIII, p . 338); Gulpiyigini 2113 (ca t . , 111, p . 165); (28) Koshf a/-lithiim, by al-Faail &Hindi - see below; (29) Muntokhab a/-fowii'id, Persian,by Ibrihim b . Ahmad Salima al-Najafi ( d . after 1223), MS: Dinishgih 5794 (ca t . , XVI, pp.92-3); (30) MiftCb ol-kariima, by Jawid alhCAmili - see below; (31) by Kishif al-GhitS' - see below; (32) by Sibib al- Maqibis, MS: Khili$i (ca t . , p.126); (33) Tokmilot 01-Qawii'id, by Mubarnmad 'Ali b . Mubammad Biqir al-Hazirjaribi ( d . 1246), MS: Raaawi 6487 (ca t . , V, p.388); (34) Shawiiri' 01-aniim, by Muhammad Ja'far b . Sayf al-Din al-Astaribadi ( d . 1263), MSS: Mar'ashi 3073-4, 3885 (ca t . , VIII, pp.299-300, X, p.270); Faydiyya 290 ( ca t . , I , p.155); Sipahsilir 222411 ( c a t . , V, pp.145, 257); klakim 45, (Nosh. , V, p.423); (35) by Mas* b . Mubammad Sa'id al-Tihrini ( d . 1263), MS: Masjid-i &mi' 1 2 2 ( c a t . , p.326); (36) by 'Abd al- Uusayn b . 'Ali al-Baraghani ( d . after 12661, MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XIV, p . 19); (37) Moncihij ol-a6kiimm, by Mubammad b . ljusayn al-Radawi , MSS: Raaawi 6713, 6741 (ca t . , V, p.459); (38) Niriirn ol-forc'id, by 'Ali b . Gul Mubarnmad al-Qirpiizibidi al-Zanjini ( d . 12901, edited Tehran, 1332, MSS: Ilihiyyit 12b ( c a t . , I , p .682); Fayaiyya 1280 (ca t . , I , p.288); Mar'ashi 2378 ( ca t . , VI, p.361); (39) by Fakhr al-Din Mahdi b . 'Abd al-Sibib al-Nariqi ( d . 13251, MSS : DanishgBh 4847-51 ( c a t . , XIV, pp.3866-7); (40) Jowiimi' 01-koliim, by Mubarnmad Rabim al-Buriijirdi, MSS: Raaawi 3837-48 ( c a t . , V, pp . 298-401); Malik 2151, 2354-5, 2363-77, 2616, 2634-5 (ca t . , I , pp. 207-12); (41) by Mubammad ljasan al-Mupaffar ( d . 13741, edited Najaf, 1378; (42-48) seven anonymous or unidentified commentaries: ( a ) MS: Berlin Mo.371 (ca t . , IV, p.240); ( b ) MS: Dinishgih 6912 (ca t . , XVI, p.397); ( c ) MS: Fayaiyya 680 (ca t . , I , p.155); ( d ) MS: Majlis 8115 Khu'i ( ca t . , VII, p.100); ( e l MS: Gharb 10431 ( ca t . , p.151); ( f ) MS: Dir al-Kutub 2030813 (ca t . , I , p . 264); ( g ) MS: Tustariyya 916 (ca t . , p . 804)

- Tabgirof 01-mulo'ollimii, Editions: Qum. 1398 and manv others (see MushBr. cois. 157-8) Selected M e : ' ~ a w w z b 15 law" ( c a t . , p:451); ~ a d i w i 2281, 2280, 6432 (ca t . , 11, pp.21-2, V, p.347); Majlis 495319, 883411 (ca t . , XIV, p.229); A m i r al-Mu'minin 51212 (Nosh. , V, p.412); Mar'ashi 207412 (ca t . , VI, p.87)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS 7 5

Translation: (1) Persian, anonymous (written before 994), MSS: Sin% 146312 (ca t . , 11, p.276); Dinishgih 5466 ( c a t . , XVl, p .17); T a b r k , Thiqat al-Islim (Nosh., V, p . 271); (2) Persian, by Mubyi b . Mubammad al-Kirmini (early 10th century) , MS: Dinishgih, microfilm 3020 from a MS in Shiriz (ca t . , 11, p.28); (3) Persian, anonymous, MS: Ma'irif 1229 (ca t . , p . 83); (4) Persian, by Z . Dhu '1-Majdayn, edited Tehran, 1368-9; (5) Urdu, by Fayd ljusayn, edited India (AB, XIV, p.186) In verse: by Shaykh Busayn, MS: Waziri 2476 (ca t . , IV, p.1309) Commentaries: (1) Sirft a/-yaqTn, by Ai.~mad b . Zayn al-Din al- Ahsi ' i ( d . 12411, edited Tabriz, 1273-6 (in the collection of Jowiimi' 01-kolim) ; (2) olTakmi1a li 'I-Tobjiro = 01-Todhklro f l shorb a/-Tabgira (AB., IV, p p . 23-41 by Muhammad Ja'far b . Mubammad 'Ali al- Kirminshihi ( d . 12541, MSS: Ilihiyyat 126-7 A1 A q i (ca t . , I , pp . 754, 756-9); klakim; Mareashi 3722 (ca t . , X, p.121); (3) Qurrot o l ' o y n 01-nbziro, by Mubarnmad Ismi'il b . Mubammad Ibrihim al-FadZ'i 81-Kazzizi ( d . 1263), MS: Masjid-i A'zam 9877; ( 4 ) by Muhammad ~ a ' f a r al-Astaribidi , MS: Mar'ashi 3078 (ca t . , VIII, p . 302); ( 5 ) 01-Murshid, by Muhammad uusayn b . 'Ali Akbar al-Khwinsiri ( d . after 1263), MS: Gulpiyigin? 1 2 2 ( ca t . , I , p.116); (6) a/-Mowiihib 01-soniyyo,by 'Ali b . Mubammad Ja'far al-pstaribadi ( d . 13151, MS: Mar'ashi 3097 ( c a t . , VII, p.319); (7 ) a/-Ayo a/-rnubgiro, by 'Abbis b . Ismi'i l al-Qazwini ( d . after 1311), MS: Gulpiyigini 30612 (ca t . , I , p.265); (8)ol-Lama'iii 01-noyyiro, by al-Khurasini - see below; (9) by JJusayn b . Mubamrnad Basan al-Hamadini ( d . after 13301, MS; Mar'ashi 3843 ( ca t . , X, p.228); (10) by Miisi b . Ja'far al-Kirminshihi ( d . 13401, MS: Kish in i 75 (ca t . , p . 168); (11) 01-Tokmila, by Ismi'il b . 'A17 Naqi al-Uriimi, edited Tabriz, 1337-8; (12) by Qiyi ' al-Din al-'ArSqi - see below; (13) by Mubsin b . 'Abd al-Karim al-Amin al- 'Amili ( d . 13711, edited Damascus, 1343, 1379; (14) Kifiyai 01- rnuboglilii? , by Mubammad 'Ali b . Mubammad Tihir al-Tabrizi al-Mudarris ( d . 13731, edited Tabriz, 1353; (15) Fiqh 01-Siidiq, by Muhammad Sidiq al-Busayni al-Riihini , edited Qum, 1373

Todhkirot a/-fuqohii' Edition: Tehran, 1272 and others Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 3745 ( c a t . , X, p.141); Buqiiq 4j, 2 4 j ( c a t . , p.289); Vakim 318 ( c a t . , I , p.111); Sin2 1117 (ca t . , 11, p.123); Faydiyya 4 4 1 (ca t . , I , pp.42-3); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 66 (ca t . , I , p.39); Di r al-Kutub 20018 ( c a t . , I , p . 149); Tabriz, Qadi (Nosh., VII, p . 513); India Office 1791 ( ca t . , 11, p . 307); Biihir 180 Arabic ( c a t . , p . 204) ; Topkapi Sarayi 1143 Arabic (ca t . , 11, pp . 747-8)

TobrTr a/-ohkiim ooishor'iyya Edition: Tehran, 1314 Selected MSS: AdabiyySt 497 Kirman ( c a t . , p . 78); 'Abd al-'Avim 45 ( c a t . , p .63) ; Majlis 5218, 4007, 233 TabStabi ' i ( c a t . , XI, p . 10, XVI, p.50); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 53 ( c a t . , I , pp . 28-31; Dinishgih 1127, 1004 (ca t . , V, p p . 1808-9, 1813); Mar'ashi 2613, 3751, 385 ( c a t . , I , p.402, VII, p.205, X, p.144); Malik 1429 ( ca t . , I , pp.109-10); Gulpiyigini 130, 261-2 (ca t . , !, pp.132, 227-8); Milli 925 Arabic ( ca t . , VIII, p.425); Kish in , Athir-i Milli (Nosh. , IV, p.355) Commentaries: (1) anonymous (belonging to 9th century) , MS: ShirSzi (AB, XIII, p.141); (2) by al-Karaki, MS: Majlis 8114 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, p .82) ; (3) by ljusayn b . 'Abd al-Qamad alkeAmili, MS: Milli 1943112 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p.621); ( 4 ) anonymous, MS: Majlis 8118 (Ca t . , VII, p.81)

TolkhTg a/-rnariim f l mo'rifot 01-abkiim MSS: Mar'ashi 472 ( c a t . , 11, p .77); Majlis 5314, 4253, 4818 ( ca t . , XI,

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

pp.268-9, XIII, p.229, XVI, pp.228-9); Radawi 2275, 2274 ( ca t . , 11, p.20) Commentaris: ( 1) Koshf 01-baqa'iq , by Mubammad b. Bahrim (written before 954), MS: Radawi 2532 (ca t . , 11, p.lO1); (2) KhozZ'in ol- obkZirn, by 'AIT b . Khalil al-TihrZini, MSS: Radawi 7632-3 (Binish, p.741)

IBN DAWDD - Taqi al-Din JJasan b . 'Ali b . Diwiid al-villi ( d . af ter 707)

A/-Tubfa 01-So'idiyyo MS: Matbaf 896 ( c a t . , I , p.232)

AL-SAYYID 'AMID AL-DTN:

Konz a/-fowii'id MSS: Majlis 180-1 Khu ' i , 4387-8 (ca t . , VII, pp.337-9, XII, pp.94-5); uakim 107 (Nash., V, p.425); Masjid-i A'zam 9695; Sini 537 (ca t . , I , p.343); DinishgZh 1857, 766 (ca t . , V, pp.1989-90, VIII, p.450); Gharb 2529 ( ca t . , p.177): Radawi 2529 ( ca t . , 11, u .99); Biihir 181 Arabic ( ca t . , p.205); Gawharshid 194 ( ca t . , p . 380); SipahsZlZr 2264 ( ca t . , I , p.466)

FAKHR AL-MuJJAQQIQ~N: - Hiishiyat 01-IrshZd, marginal glosses cn al-'Allima's l r s h t d a/-adhhtn ,

compiled by zahir al-Din 'Ali b . Yiisuf al-Nili ( d . af ter 777) MSS: DinishgZh 768, 6929 (ca t . , V, pp. 1856-8, XVI, p.403); Ragawi 2377 (ca t . , 11, pp. 50-1, V, p.405); Ijakim 105 (NowZdir, pp. 48-50); Majlis 1296, 4452 (ca t . , IV, p . 71, XII, p . 133) ; Sipahsilir 237 Mushic (ca t . , IV, pp. 140-1); Mar'ashi 2474 (ca t . , VII, pp.65-6)

bZib 01-fowZ'id, a commentary on al-'Allima's QowZ'id a/-obkZm Edition: Qum, 1387-9 Selected MSS: DinishgZh 706, 5237, 708 (ca t . . V . v.1785. XV.~.4172 Majlis 95 Tabi tab i ' i , 21 ~ h u ' i (ca t . , VII, pp.i4-6); Marsashi i 3 1 , 5 2606, 305, 283, 265 (ca t . , I , pp.256, 296, 310, 349, 11, p.162, VII, pp.188-9); Ijuqiiq 3j (ca t . , p.258); Nawwib 204 law (ca t . , p.450); Ragawi 2229-30, 7459 ( ca t . , 11, p .8 ; Binish, p.612); IgfahZn, 'Umiimi 2947 (ca t . . I . u.184); S u l a ~ m i n Khin 90 (ca t . . v . 6 ) : Malik 1 2 4 1 . . . . (cat. , I , p . 7 j j

AL-SHAH~D AL-AWWAL: - A/-Bayiin, uncompleted, only the first five chapters on acts of devotion

Editions: Tehran, 1319, 1322 Selected MSS: Majlis 275011 (ca t . , IX, p.124); Mar'ashi 6712, 1677 (ca t . , I , pp. 78-80, V, p.72); Nawwib 8 law (ca t . , p.451); IgfahZn, 'Umiimi 3055 ( ca t . , I , p . 194); DinishgZh 1800 (ca t . , VIII, p.372); Tustariyya 84111 (ca t . , p ,876)

- Dhikr; 01-ShT'o, uncompleted, only the chapters on ritual purity and wraver . . Edition: Tehran, 1271 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 1906 ( c a t . , VIII, p.521); Zanjin ( c a t . , p.108); Milli 1842 Arabic (ca t . , X, p.421); Sulaymin Khan 36 (ca t . , p .12) ; Ilihiyyit 245b ( ca t . , I , p.551); Malik 5340 ( c a t . , I , p.324)

Edition: Tehran, i i69 Selected MSS: Nawwib 27 law ( ca t . , p.457); Sini 807 ( ca t . , 11, p.65 Ilihiyyit 136j, 13j (cat . , I , pp . 549-50); Dinishgih 6599 (ca t . , XVI, p.305); uakim 1230; Mar'ashi 1880, 2172, 495, 876 (ca t . , 11, p.104,

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS 77

111, p.65, V, p.258, VI, p.174); RarJawi 2401 (ca t . , 11, p.58); Majlis 8825; Los Angeles, MI29 ( ca t . , p.222) Completion: by Ja'far b . Ahmad al-JJulaywas al-Ijusayni ( d . after 836), MS: Mar'ashi 315611 (ca t . , VIII, p.388) Commentaries: (1) by JJasan b . al-uusam (mid-9th century) , MS: Gharb 4568 (ca t . , p.123); (2) MoshZriq 01-shumiis, by uusayn al- Khwinsiri - see below ; (3) Tokmilot MoshZriq ol-shumiis , by Ra@i al-Din Mubarnmad b . Ijusayn al-KhwZnsiri (early 12th century) , edited Tehran, 1311, MSS: Faydiyya 74412 ( ca t . , I , p.146, 111, p.19): Mashhad, AdabiyyZt 147 Fayyid (ca t . , p . 227); (4) lniirot 01-furiis, by Bahi ' al-Din Mubarnmad b . Mubammad Biqir al-Mukhtiri al-NZ'ini ( d . around 11401, MS: Mar'ashi 338213 (ca t . , IX, p.159); (5) by SZhib al-Riyig, MS: DZnishgih 771211 ( ca t . , XVI, p.982); (6) MishkZt 01-onwtr oaltfusoyniyya, by Muhammad Ihrihim b . 'Ali al-FjZ'iri al- Qazwini (d . af ter 12291, MSS: Mar'ashi 2872 (ca t . , VIII, p.80); Faydiyya 1431 (cat . , I , p.247)

GhZiyot ol-murzd Editions: Tehran, 1271, 1302 Selected MSS: NawwZb 26211 law ( ca t . , p.472); Radawi 2497 (ca t . , 11, p.89); Hamadin, Hamrih (Nosh., 111, p.1693); Farhid Mu'tamid 131 ( ca t . , p.201); Mar'ashi 1407, 594 (ca t . , 11, p.186, IV, p.183); Sipahsilir 2467 ( c a t . , 1, p.441); ZanjZni 51 ( c a t . , p.207); DZnishgih 6739 (ca t . , XVI, p.349); Ja'fariyya (Nosh. , V, p.435); Majlis 22 Tabi tab i ' i , 3788 ( c a t . , X, p . 1774); UstZdi (ca t . , p .28); Ilihiyyit 24j (ca t . , I , p.615)

Edition : T e h r a n , lib' Selected MSS: Radawi 337 law. 2811. 6207-8 (ca t . . 11. ~0 .105-6 . V . p.486); Mar'ashi'224711, 959 icat . ,111, p.151, VI , p . i i l ; ash., VI, p.388); DinishgZh 6298 ( ca t . , XVI, pp.236-7); Malik 1054 (ca t . , I , p.620) In verse: (1) 01-Tubfo 01-Quwiimiyyo, by Qawim al-Din Muhammad b . Mubanmad Mahdi al-Sayii al-Qazwini (early 12th century) , edited Tehran, 1365-6 (in the margin of al-Shahid al-Thini 's ol-Rowp'o ol- bohiyyo); MSS: Sipahsilir 6156 (ca t . , 111, p.375); Nawwib 181 law (ca t . , p .452); Yakim 1523 (ca t . , I , p.103); Dinishgih 756 ( c a t . , V, p . 1821); Malik 2565 (cat. , I , p. 122); Gulpiyigini 278 (cat. , I , p . 242); Burujirdi CAB, XXII, p.369) [Mubarnmad Ja'far al-Astaribidi wrote a commentary on this poem entitled Yan<bbTC ol-bikmo fT sharb nozm ol- Lum'a, MSS: Mar'ashi 154113, 2011, 3150, 3859 (ca t . , IV, p.344, VI, p . 14, VIII, p.388, X, p.246); vuqiiq 114j (ca t . , p.507); Tehran, Minuwi 1 (Nosh., VI, p .690)l ; (2) al-Hidcyo 01-Mohdiyya, by 'Abd al-Karim al-Jurjini ( d . after 13041, MS: IIZhiyyZt 182j (ca t . , I , p.694); (3) Lu'lu' al-obkiirn, by 'Ali b . Mubammad Ja'far al-Astaribndi [he later wrote a commentary on this poem entitled Kanz al-duror 01-aytZm, MS: Mar'ashi 3096 ( c a t . , VIII, p.319)] Commentaries: (1) al-Rowdo 01-bohiyyo, by al-Shahid al-ThZni - see below; (2) 01-ShorT'o olNabowiyyo, anonymous (written before 1250), MS: Dinishgih 1721 ( c a t . , VII, p.2752); (3) by Muhammad RiOZ b . Muhammad Mahdi A1 Babr al-'Uliim ( d . 1253), MS: 1:Iuqiiq 21b (ca t . , p . 384); (4) Towfib a/-mushkilct, by Muhammad Shafi ' b . Mubammad JJusayn (mid-13th century) , MS: Mar'ashi 2408 (ca t . , VII, pp. 9-10); (5) by Mubammad b . Ma'gGm al-Radawi al-Qa$ir ( d . 12551, MSS: Ragawi 7155 (ca t . , V, p.460); Malik 816 (ca t . , I , p . 118); (6) 01- Tubfa a/-Ghorowiyyo, by Khidr b . ShallZl alFcAfkiwi ( d . 1255), MSS: Mar'ashi 2206 (ca t . , VI, p . 199); Di r al-Kutub (see i ts general cata- logue, Fihris ol-kutub alk'Arabiyya, 1, p . 569); Majlis 39-45 Khu'i

78 SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS 7 9

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

(ca t . , VII, Pp.36-42); (7) Kashf a/-niqFb, by Masi?l b . Mubarnmad 7416, 9176, 9111; RawQiti ( c a t . , I , pp. 267 f f ) ; Yazd, 'Uliimi (Nosh.,

Sa'id al-Tihrini , MSS: Nawwib 44 law ( c a t . , p.461); Masjidi-i f i rnim I V , p , 450); Qadi ( ibid. , VII , p . 523); Shi r iz , Dinishgih

122,160-1 (ca t . , 1, p.335); (8) by Mubarnmad b . uusayn a l - ~ a o a w i A/-Mubarrar MS: Raaawi 6713 ( ca t . , V , p.461); (9) a/-AnwFr a/-Gharawiyyo = M ~ ~ : ~ ~ d ~ ~ i 7919 (Binish, p.993); Los Angeles M9316 (Cat., p.661) a/-MishkFt 01-Gharawiyya, by Muhammad JawZd b . Taqi al-Najafi' Mulli Kitib ( d . after 1267), MSS: Ma'had 1293-4 ( c a t . , ~ . 1 1 2 ) ; ~ i ~ i ~ h ~ i h A/-MZjaz 1305 (ca t . , VII, p.2786): Mar'ashi 1518 ( c a t . , I V , pp.318-19); M ~ ~ : 275912 (ca t . , IX, pp.124-5); Princeton 399211 Yahuda

Radawi 7760-9 (Binish, p . 883); Ust idi (ca t . , p .25); (10) by (ca t . , p.138); ~ a z i r i 94912 (ca t . , 11, p.779); Gawharshid 947 (Cat. Muhammad Mahdi al-KalbZsi , MS: Raaawi 7759 (Binish, p . 883); p ,420); ~ ~ l ~ i ~ i ~ Z n i 68211 ( ca t . , 11, p.201); Dinishgih 1476111, (11) by Mubarnmad 'Ali al-shaft? ( d . 1282), MS: 199514 539612 ( ca t . , VIII , p.128, X V , p.4237); India Office 1808 ( ca t . , 11,

(ca t . , V, p.367); (12) a/-Durra a/-HF'iriyya, by 'A1i ~ a q i b . uasan pp.312-13); Raaawi 8028 (Binish, p.1051)

al-Tabitahi ' i ( d . 12891, MS: Majlis 4302 ( c a t . , XI, pp. 315-16); commentary: Kashf a/-iitibiis, by Muflib al-saymari - see below

(13) M u n ~ o t al-albFb, anonymous (belonging to 13th century) , MS: A/-Muqtogar Mailis 4455 (ca t . , XII, p.135); (14) a/-Ghurra 01-Gharawiyya, by ~ ~ 1 1 M ~ ~ : L~~ A ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ 9 3 0 1 1 (ca t . , p.700); Marcashi 2524 (Cat., VII, 'Ali (written in 1303), MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XVI , p.34); (15) by p , l lO) ; uuRuq 6211d (ca t . , p.477); Radawi 2848, 8002, 2648 (ca t . Mubarnmad 'A17 al-Radawi, MS: Radawi 6524 (ca t . , V , p.4go); 1 ~ , p.135, V , p.514; Binish, p.1032); Dinishgih 115811 (Cat. , V, (16-17) two anonymous or unidentified commentaries: ( a ) MS: ~ ~ j l i ~ pp.2067-8); Malik 2840 (Cat., I , p.725) 3936118 ( c a t . , X , p.2054); ( b ) MS: Ustddi ( c a t . , pp. 15-16)

BN FAHD A L - A ~ S A ' ~ - Shihib al- in Ahmad b . Muhammad b . Fahd IBN AL-MUTAWWIJ: (d. 840): ~ - . ~ ,

Kifiyat a/-~FlibTn ~ h ~ l ~ ~ ~ ( a / -~anq7b , a commentary on al-'Allima's IrshFd aI-adhh~?n MSS: Radawi 2805, 7217 (ca t . , 11, p.102, V , pp.482-4); MSS: uakim 302 NOS^., V , p.424); DZnishgih 262114 (ca t . , IX, (AB, XVIII, p.93) n l 4 l ) f i l

Majma' a/-ghorc'ib MS: Radawi 2495 (ca t . , 11, pp. 88-9)

A/-TanqTb a / r Z ' i ' Edition: Qum, 1404 Selected MSS: Raaawi 2271-3, 6645, 7528 (ca t . , 11, p.19, V, 389); Malik 1302, 2458 (ca t . , I , p.176): Mar'ashi 3566, 3567, 1725, 2701, 3173 (ca t . , V, p.113, VII, p.272, VIII, p.399, IX, pp.354-5); Sini 1390 (ca t . , 11, p.243); Ilihiyyit 95, 49 (ca t . , I , p . 759); Dinishgdh 6857, 4886 (ca t . , XIV, p.3937, XVI, p.383); Majlis 55 Khu ' i , 499 Tab i r ab i ' i , 5509 (ca t . , VII, pp. 5405, XVI, p.409); Nawwdb 10 law (ca t . , p.453); Hakim 81, 516 (ca t . , I , pp.137-8; NawFdir, pp.35-6); Gawharshid 269, 1866 (ca t . , pp. 244-5); Farhid Mu'tamid 38 (ca t . , p.169); Ustidi (ca t . , p.10); Bankipore 836 (cat . Arabic, I , p .83); Princeton 545 New Series ; Shir iz , Dinishgih Commentary: by al-Ddmdd, MS: GawharshZd 1866 in the margin (ca t . , p.245)

IBN FAHD:

- A/-Muhadhdhab a/-bCri' MSS: Dinishgih 6736, 2372, 711, 7238 ( c a t . , V, p.2078, IX, p.969, XVI, pp.347-8, 496); Mar'ashi 275, 3553, 2190, 2972 ( ca t . , I , p.304, IV, pp .1856 , VII, p.152, IX, p p . 3 4 4 5 ) ; Raaawi 8034, 2599, 8033 (ca t . , 11, p.120; Binish, p.1052); Malik 1182( c a t . , I , p.759); Faydiyya 214, 369 (ca t . , I , pp. 285-6); Zanjini 142, 66 ( ca t . , pp.212, 249); Vatican 1717 Arabic (ca t . , 11, p . 105); Nawwdb law 169, 60 ( c a t . , p . 480); Najaf, Madrasat al-Sayyid (AB, XXIII, p . 293); Mathaf 1633 (ca t . , p.260); Zanjin (ca t . , p . 167); Majlis 5510, 4397, 233 Khu'i (ca t . , V11, p.238, XI1, p . 101, XVl, p.410); Princeton 2088 New Series Niirbakbsh 16412 (ca t . , 1, p.176); Gharb 1340 (ca t . , p.200); Waziri 9112 (ca t . , I , p.113); Ilihiyyit 193b (ca t . , I , p.680); Vujjatiyya 511 (ca t . , p . 94); Gulpiyigini 401 (ca t . , 11, pp. 185-6); Masjid-i Argam

Ma'Flim a/-dTn fl fiqh ? I YFsTn MSS: Dinishgdh 1821, 1157 (ca t . , V, pp.2056-7, VII, p.417); Mar'ashi 399 (ca t . , I , p.414); Malik 781 ( c a t . , 1, p.696); Rasht 227111 (ca t . ,

p . 1175) Commentary: DhakhF'ir 01-mujtahidin , by Abu '1-Majd RidZ b . Muhammad uusayn al-Igfahini (d . 13621, MS: Rawddti (see AB, X,

pp . 7, 18)

IBN T A Y Y - Abu '1-Qisim 'Ali b . 'Ali b . Muhammad a l -~aq 'dn i alF'Xmili ( d . 855): A/-MasZ'il a/-fiqhiyyo = MasF'il lbn Tayy MSS: Majlis 4566112 (ca t . , XII, pp. 263-4); Ddnishgih 1227, 5396110 (ca t . , VI, pp. 2457-60, XV, p.4238); 'Abd al-'Azim 23511 ( ca t . ,

p . 445)

- GhFyat al-rnarZirn, a commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's SharC'i' a/-lsliim MSS: Gulpiyigini 155 (ca t . , I , p . 143); Dinishgih 780, 7748 (ca t . ,

V, pp. 1952-4, XVI, p . 688); Mashhad, Shinachi (Nash. , V, p . 599); Gawharshid 153, 58 (ca t . , p.355); Radawi 2790, 6518 (ca t . , V, p .

468); Hakim 109 (Nash. , V, p.425); Majlis 4224 (ca t . , XI, p.243);

- Kashf a/-iltibFs, a commentary on Ibn Fahd's a/-Mijjoz MSS: Mar'ashi 2830, 3693, 939, 1811 (ca t . , 111, p . 127, V, p . 195, VIII, p.36, X , p . 91); Tabriz, Qddi (Nash., VII, p.519); Majlis 3973, 5946

( c a t . , X, p.2112, XVII, p.332); Malik 1224, 2733 (ca t . , I , p.591); India Office 1089 (ca t . , I , p.313); Dinishgih 6788 (ca t . , XVI, p.360)

L-KARAKT :

FawF'id a/-SharF'i' , a commentary on al-Muhaqqiq's SharC'i' a/-IsIFm

80 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

MSS: Dinishgih 703, 7012, 7050, 1708, 7175 ( c a t . , V, p.1934, XVI, pp.428, 439, 456, 474); Sipahszlir 2600 ( c a t . , I , p.393); uujjatiyya 592 (ca t . , p .50); Nawwib law 21, 26 (ca t . , p.455); uakim 1640, 1642 540; Mar'ashi 128011, 2509, 3352, 1155 (ca t . , 111, p.327, IV, p.80, VII, p . 95, IX, p . 129); Majlis 667 TabitabZ'i , 615 Tab i t ab i ' i , 5356, 8783, 3534 (ca t . , X, pp.1492-3, XVI, p.266); Tustariyya CAB, VI, p.107); Gulpiyigini 47, 2237 (ca t . , I , p.57, 111, p.204); Astina 5788 (ca t . , p.107); Milli, Arabic 1516, 1381 (ca t . , IX, p.380, X, p.12); Gawharshid 965, 551 ( ca t . , p.269); 'Abd al-'Azim 87 (ca t . , p . 75); Malik 2075, 2700 (ca t . , I , p.229); Los Angeles M87 (ca t . , p . 199); Princeton 695 New Series; India Office 1788 ( ca t . , 11, p.306) Dir al-Kutub 19909, 29938 (ca t . , I , pp.248, 266); Masjid-i A'zam 1290 Fayaiyya 1418, 1964 (ca t . , I , p .82) ; Waziri 1902, 2420 (ca t . . 111. p . 1090, IV, p.1288); ~ h a r b , 4 MSS (ca t . , p . 100); ~ a g i a h i , 7 MSS . (ca t . , 11, pp.45-6, 50; Binish, pp . 713, 730)

- Jiimi' 01-moqii$id, an uncompleted commentary on al-'Allima's QawZ'id 01-obkiim, from the beginning to the chapter on marriage Edition: Tehran, 1272 Selected MSS: Majlis 4310 ( c a t . , XII, p .4) ; NawwZb law 211, 16 (ca t . , p.454); Milli 1156 Arabic ( ca t . , IX, p . 145); Zanjini 2311 (ca t . , p . 198); Gawharshid 1337, 1865 (cat . , p . 249); SipahsilZr 2538 (ca t . , I , p.385); Buriijirdi (ca t . , p.13); Manchester 783 (ca t . , p . 1146); India Office 1803 ( ca t . , I , p.311); Harvard (Nosh., IX, p.351); Di r al-Kutub 19895b, 20306b (ca t . , I , p.311); Los Angeles M l O O (ca t . , n.lRfi> .-----, Commentaries: (1) by Lutf Allah b . 'Abd al-Karim al-Maysi al-'Amili ( d . 10331, MSS: Zanjini 2311 (ca t . , p . 198); Milli 1156 Arabic (ca t . , IX, p.145); (2) by ' A . 'j?. ('Abd al-Muttalib?), written after 1081, MS: DinishgZh 2347 (ca t . , IX, p.959)

- To'Fq 01-lrshzd, a commentary on alk'Allima's IrshZd 01-udhhZn MSS: GawharshZd 772 (ca t . , p.256); Majlis 7782, 5638, 5357, 80 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, p . 79, XVI, p.267, XVII, pp.9405); Ilihiyyit 210 A1 HqX (ca t . , I , p.762); Radawi 2376, and 6 other MSS (ca t . , 11, pp.50-2; Binish, pp. 698, 700); Dinishgih 4166, 6893, 785, 7185, 7684 (ca t . , V, pp.1858-9, XIII, pp.3134-5, XVI, pp.390, 478, 670); Bengal 633, 634 (ca t . , I , pp.312-13); Gulpiyigini 4 1 (ca t . , I , p .48); Igfahin, 'Umiimi 3073 (ca t . , I , p.218); Nujiimi (ca t . , p.265); SipahsZlir 260011, 248811 (ca t . , I , pp.396-7, IV, pp.141-2); Tustariyya 15911 (ca t . , p.837); al-Imam al-Sidiq (AB, V1, p . 16); KhayrZt Khin 5311, 8511 (ca t . , pp.1735-6, 1790); 'Abd al-'Azim 13012 (ca t . , p.439); Mar'ashi 79 ( ca t . , I , p .97) ; Faydiyya 1146 ( ca t . , I , p .72); Waziri 1291 (ca t . , 111, p.918); Ust idi (ca t . , p . 13); Rasht 4311 (ca t . , p.1193); MiftZt) 228 (ca t . , p.141); JJakim 1686; Tarbiyat 36 (ca t . , p .36); DZr al-Kutub 20038b, 2030713 (ca t . , I , pp.243, 265)

AL-SHAHID AL- THAN^ : - FuwZ'id a/-QowZ'id, a commentary on al-'A1lZma's QawZ'id ol-obkiim

MSS: Waziri 1585 ( ca t . , 111, p.993); Majlis 1307 (ca t . , IV, pp.78-90); Zanjin (ca t . , p . 104); Khilisi (ca t . , p . 95); Isfahiin, Dinishgih 1691712 (ca t . , 5 9 2 3 ) ; Tabriz, QZdi (Nosh., VII, p . 517); Qazwin, Hajj Sayyid Jawadi (ibid., V, p.343)

- UZishiyot ol-Shorii'i', a commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's Shorii'i' 01-IslZim MSS: Majlis 535411, 4360 ( ca t . , XII, p.73, XVI, p.264); Bankipore 847 (cat . Arabic, I , p . 84) ; Tabriz, Milli 3349 (cat . , I , p . 404) ; Nawwib, 25 law (ca t . , p.455); Shir izi (AB, VI, pp.106-7)

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS 8 1

MosZilik a/-ofhZm, another commentary on al-Muhaqqiq's Shorii'i' 01-IsICm Editions: Tehran, 1273 and others (see MushZr, cols. 838-9) Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 1328, 1205, 1621 (ca t . , IV, pp.6, 111-12, V, pp. 25-6); Majlis 4646 (ca t . , XIII, p p . 34-51; DinishgXh 762, 1121 ( ca t . , V, pp.2037-9); Waziri 24 (ca t . , I , p .40) ; 'Abd al-'Azim 197 (ca t . , p.476); Nawwib 64 law (ca t . , p.476) Commentaries: (1) by al-Sabzawiri, MS: Mar'ashi 1264 (cat . ,IV, pp.69-70); (2) by uaydar 'Ali b . Muhammad al-Shirwini (early 12th century) , MS: Khilisi ( c a t . , p .60); (3 ) by al-Bihbahini, MS: Gawharshid 190 (ca t . , pp. 280-1) ; (4) 01-FodhZl~k, by al-KirminshZhi - see below

Rawd a/-j~nZn, an uncompleted commentary on al-'All%mats IrshZd 01- odhhZn, only the chapters on ritual purity and prayer Editions: Tehran, 1303, 1307 Selected MSS: Radawi 2770 (ca t . , V, p.449); Sini 502 ( c a t . , I , p . 293); NawwZb 28 iaw (ca t . , p.457) -

Al-Rowp'o 01-bohiyyo, a commentary on al-Shahid al-Awwal's Al-Lum'a a l - ~ i m o s h ~ i ~ ~ o Editions: Najaf, 1386-90 and others (see Mushir, cols. 496-8) Selected MSS: DXnishgih 709 (ca t . , V, pp. 1908-16); Asafiyya 11 Shi ' i law (ca t . , 11, pp. 239-40); Matbaf 362, 276 (ca t . , I , pp. 240-2); Majlis 4886 (ca t . , XVIV, pp. 2809); Astina 5956 (ca t . , p . 123). Commentaries: (1) Kashf 01-rumGr 01-khofiyyo, by Mulpmmad b . Basan al-'Amili ( d . 1030), MS: Raaawi 2354-6, 6517, 7142 (ca t . , 11, p.44, V, p.407; Binish, pp.712,730); Majlis 336212 (ca t . , X, p.1188); Waziri 4 (ca t . , I , pp. 4-5) ; (2) by Ahmad b . Mu~ammad al-Tiini ( d . af ter 1097), edited Tabriz, 1291 and others (all in the margin of 01-Rawp'o a/-bohiyyo), selected MSS: Majlis 336211 ( c a t . , X, p . 1187); Khayrit Khin 57 ( ca t . , p . 1738); Astina 6036 ( ca t . , p . 107); Tabriz, QZdi (Nosh., VI I , p.513); (3) by 'Abd al-Busayn b . Abi '1-Basan al-'Lsi ( d . after 1081), MS: Khiligi ( ca t . , p .83); (4) by Mubammad b . Qisim al-I~fahZni al-Dilmij ( d . afer 10841, partly edited (Kushi r , col. 2821, MSS: Faydiyya (ca t . , I , p.81); IlihiyyZt 283 A1 Aqi (ca t . , I , p.763); (5) by IbrZhim b . uusayn al-Mar'ashi Khalifa Sultin ( d . 1098), edited Tabriz, 1291 and others (all in the margin of 01-Rowp'a 01-bahiyyo), MSS: Mar'ashi 306011 (ca t . , VIII, p . 281); DinishgXh 410712 (ca t . , XIII, p.3085); Majlis 336213 (ca t . , X, pp.1188-9); ( 6 ) by Fakhr &Din Muhammad al-Miisawi (late l l t h century ? ) , MS: Mareashi 201611 ( ca t . , VI, p.17); (7) by Abii Talib b . Mirza Beg al-Miisawi al-Findiriski ( l l t h century ? ) , MS: DinishgZh 87411 (ca t . , 111, p . 134, V , pp. 1863-4); (8) 01-ZohrZt 01-dhawiyyo,by 'Ali b . Mubammad al-'Hmili , edited Tabriz, 1291 and others (all in the margin of 01-Rowp'o a/-bohiyya), MSS: AstZna 620211 (ca t . , p.185); Gharb 108511, 4511 (cat . , pp.135-6, 287); IlZhiyyit 9 l l l d (ca t . , I , p.233); Asafiyya 90-1 Sh i ' i law (ca t . , I , pp. 241-2); DinishgZh 6643 (Cat. , XVI, p.324); GulpXyigZni 277 (ca t . , I , p.241); (9) ol-Rodd 'alZ i'tirZdZit KhalTfo SulfZn 'olo 'I-Rowp'a 01-bohlyyo, by the same author, MSS: Magis 1295 (ca t . , IV, pp.70-1); IlZhiyyit 9112d (ca t . , I , p.233); Astina 620211 ( c a t . , p.185); DZnishgih 772512 (ca t . , XVI, p.684); Radawi 144 law (ca t . , 11, p.45); (10) by ~ a ' f a r b . 'Abd Allih al-vuwayzi al-Qadi (d . 11151, MSS: Majlis 89 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, pp.89-90); SipahsZlir 2558 (ca t . , I , p.396); Malik 2243 ( ca t . , I , p . 226); DZnishgZh 7039 (cat. XVI, p.435); GulpiyigZni 1107 (ca t . , 11, p . 56); Waziri 1193, 1548 (ca t . , 111, pp.889-90, 987); (11) by Muhammad Ibrihim b . Muhammad Ma'giim al-Vusayni al-Qazwini ( d . 1149). MS: Gharb 188128-9 (ca t . , p.224); (12) anonymous (written

82 A N INTRODUCTION TO ~ ~ i ' i LAW

before 1119), MS: Malik 6357 (ca t . , I , p.225); (13) by Jamil al-Din al-Khwinsiri - see below; (14) a/-Manthij 01-sawiyya,by al-Figil al-Hindi - see below; (15) Ta'lTq 'alii mobbath 01-zawiil min a/-Rawgo 01-bahiyya, by Ahmad b . Ibrihim al-Babrini - see below, chapter 6; (16) A l 'A yn fT ia'iirup' baqqay a/-mutabZyaSayn, by al-MukhtZri - see below, chapter 6; (17) by Murammad b . Mubammad gilib al- uusayni al-Khwit'unabidi ( d . 11.48), MSS: Racjawi 6495 ( ca t . , V, p.409); Adabiyyit 153 Kirrnan (ca t . , p . 84); (18) by Mubammad Rafi' b . Faraj al-Gilini(d. af ter 11501, MS: Malik 1066 (ca t . , I , p . 228) ; (19) Ishiiriit 01-fiqh, by Sadr al-Din Mulpmmad b . Mubammad Nagir aalTabitabi ' i al-Yazdi ( d . 11541, MS: Waziri 32012 (ca t . , I , p.303); (20) al-lbiina 01-marp'iyya,by Mubammad SZiib b . Mubarnmad Sa'id al-Khalkhili ( d . 11751, edited Tehran, 1313, MSS: Mar'ashi 2786 (ca t . , VII, pp.349-50); Dinishgih 5830 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 100); (21) Sharb 'ibiira mushkilla Fmabbath sal t t 01-mayyit, by uusayn b . Abi '1-Qisim al-Khwinsiri ( d . 11911, edited Igfahin, 1377 (together with Mubammad Biqir al-Khwasiri's 01-Nahriyya); (22) Sharb 'ibiira mushkiia Fmabbath galiit a/-khawf, by the same author, MS: Sini 113515 ( ca t . , I , p . 129); (23) by Mubarnmad Sidiq (12th century) , MS: Gharb 77 (ca t . , p.131); (24) a/-Mufradiit 01-fiiriqa, by 'Abd al-Qidir b . Sadr al-Din al-uusayni al-Mazandarini , MS : Danishgih 286512 (ca t . , X, p.1712); (25) by ilusayn al-Qazwini, MS: Milli 194512 Arabic (ca t . , X , p.624); (26) by al-Kirminshihi, MSS: Ragawi 179 law, 7141 (ca t . , 11, p.54, V, p.410); Gawharshid 1972 (ca t . , p.267); Khayrit Khin 56 ( c a t . , pp.1738-9); Mashhad, Ilahiyyit 1080, 1099 (ca t . , 11, pp.230, 240); Los Angeles M92 (ca t . , p.198); (27) by Ismi'il b . Khudidid al-Hazirjaribi al-Astarabidi ( d . after 1226), MSS: Dinishgih 7291, 7747 (ca t . , XVI, pp.506, 688); (28) by 'Abd AllZh b . Mubammad Taqi al-Hazirjaribi al-Tilaki ( d . after 12331, MS: Masjid-i A'vam 314; (29) by MubammadMahdi b . Muhammad Ja ' far al-Miisawi ( d . af ter 12371, MS: Faydiyya 186 ( c a t . , I , p.114); (30) by Mubarnmad Ja'far b . Safar al-Harnadini ( d . 12381, MS: Gharb 7'7 (ca t . , p.131); (31) by Miisi b . Ja'far A1 Kishif al-Ghiti' (d.12431, MSS: Khayrit Khin 2112, 6111 (ca t . , pp.1779-80. 1784); (32) by Mubammad Ricji A1 Babr al-'UlLim, MS: IJuqLiq 21b (ca t . , p . 384); (33) Makhzan a/-asriir a/-fiqhiyya, by Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Hazirjaribi, MSS: Gulpiyigini 185, 404, 457 (ca t . , I , p . 168, 11, pp. 163-4); Waziri 6 4 1 (ca t . , 11, p.544); Dinishgih 6628 ( c a t . , XVI, p.320); Ragawi 7924 (Binish, p.997); Khayrit Khin 9711 (ca t . , p.1791); Mar'ashi 2469 (ca t . , VII, pp.61-2); Los Angeles M944 (ca t . , p . 349); (34) by 'Ali A1 KZshif al-Ghiti' - see below, chapter 6; (35) by 'Abd A1IZh b . Mubammad Ja ' far ai-Kirminshihi ( d . af ter 12531, MS: l l ihiyyi t 81917 d (ca t . , 11, p .21) ; (36) Fasl 01-khiltb a/-IbriihTmiyya, by Ibrihiln b . Mubarnmad uusayn al-Madani al-Shirizi ( d . around 12551, MS: Tarbiyat 62 ( c a t . , p . 57); (37) Risaa-yi sahla dar sharb-i qiblo, Persian, by A1 'A17 Akbar b . 'Ali b . Mubarnmad Ismi'il ( d . after 12551, MS: Dinishgi 3703 (ca t . , XII, p.2707); (38) by Mubammad al-Ni'ini ( d . after 1259), MS: Sipahsilir 6028 (ca t . , IV, p.202); (39) Majma' 01-iirt', by Mubammad J'far al-Astar ibidi , MSS: Mar'ashi 308212 3850 (ca t . , VIII, p.307, X, p.236); Los Angeles MI0314 ( c a t . , p.664); (40) by Mas* b. Mubammad Sa'id al-Tihrini , MS: Nawwib 44 law (ca t . , p . 461); (41) by Mubarnmad Rioi b . 'Ali Sharif al-GGgadi al-Gulpiyigini ( d . af ter 1264), MS: DZnishgih 1953 ( ca t . , VIII, p . 568); (42) Lama'tt, Persian, by Mubarninad b . Muqim al-Birfuriishi al-Mizandarini ( d . af ter 12641, MS: Fayaiyya 1559 ( ca t . , 11, p.89);(43) 01-LawZmimi', by the same author , MSS: Mar'ashi 2401, 2717 ( c a t . , VII, p p . 3, 283) ; (44) by Mubamrnad Biqir al-Gulpiyigini ( d . af ter 12671, MS: Gulpiyigini 234 (ca t . , I , p . 201); (45) Minhiij a/-umma, by Nagir al-Din b . Mubarnmad

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS 83

al-Nariqi ( d . 1273), MSS: NawwZb 57-2 ( c a t . , p.479); (46) by MuQarnmad Ja ' far b . Mubarnmad $afi al-Abida'i ( d . 1280), MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XVI, p . 292) ; (47) by Muhammad Ibrihim al-Qishliqi, MS: Fayaiyya 108 (ca t . , I , p . 114); (48) 01-HadTqa a/-Najafiyya, by Mu~ammad Taqi b . uusayn 'Ali al-Harawi al-Igfahini ( d . 1299), MSS: Gawharshad 1602 (ca t . , p.288); I l ihiyyi t 769d, 603d ( c a t . , I , p . 541); Mar'ashi 2018 (ca t . , VI, pp . 19-20); Najaf, uusayniyyat KZshif al- Ghiti ' (AB, VI, p.390); Tab r i z , Qadi (ibid. ) ; (49) Safii' a/-rawp'a, by Mubarnmad $ilib b . uasan al-MLisawi al-Dimid ( d . 1301), MSS: ~ a r ' a s h i 3140 ( c a t . , VIII, p.369-70); Radawi 6851 ( ca t . , V, p.457); (50) by basan b . Abmad al-uusayni al-Gilini ( d . af ter 1306), MS: Faydiyya 323 ( c a t . , I , p . 116); (51) 01-Ta'iiqa 01-anQa, by Muhammad 'Abbis b . 'Ali Akbar ai-Miisawi al-Tuslari al-Laknawi ( d . 13061, edited Locknow, 1339 (ca t . of Agafiyya, IV, p.477); (52) HadTqat a/- Rawp'a = Minhiij 01-najiib , by Mu~ammad 'Ali b . Abmad al-Qarichadighi ( d . 1310);edited Tabriz, 1291 and others (all in the margin of al- Rawp'a 01-bayiyya); (53) by Jawid b . 'Abd al-gusayn al-Najafi ( d . 1311), MS: Majlis 4331 ( ca t . , XII, p .22); (54) by Mubarnmad 'Ali al- Radawi, MS: Racjawi 6587 (cat . ; V, p . 410); (55) by Mubammad Tahir h . Ismi'il al-Miisawi al-DizfLili ( d . after 13111, MS: Tustariyya CAB, .. XIII, pp . 293-4); (56) a/-MaqCsid al 'a l iyya, by 'Ali b . Muhammad al-A'raji ( d . af ter 1322), MSS: Khaligi ( ca t . , pp.120-2); (57) Minhiij a/-najiit, by 'Ali b . 'Abd Allih al- 'Alyiri ( d . 13271, edited Tabriz, 1309, 1340; (58) Minhiij a/-milla, by the same author, MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XXIII, p . 176); (59) by Mubammad 'Ali b . Muhammad Nagir al-Gilini al-Mudarris ( d . 1334), partly edited Tehran, 1323, MS: Mar'ashi 207811 (ca t . , VI, p . 91); (60) by Mubarnmad uusayn b . Mubammad Qisim al-Qumsha'i ( d . 13361, MSS: Tustariyya 819-20 (ca t . , p . 800) ; (61) Basan b . Ahmad al-uusayni al-Kishini ( d . 1342), MS: Ragawi 7140 (ca t . , V, p.411); (62) a/-H?7shiya a/-rap'iyya, by Arnjad Husavn b . Munawwar 'Ali All ihibidi ( d . after 1343), edited India, . d

1343; (63) Siriij 01-umma, by MuIy3mmad Wasan b . $afar 'Ali al- Birfuriishi ( d . 1345), edited Tehran, 1324-6; (64) by Murtadi al-uusayni al-Sidihi al-Igfahini , MS: Mar'ashi (cat . of microfilms of Danishgih, 11, p.174); (65) by Mubammad Ja'far b . Mubammad Tih i r , MSS: Majlis 271 Tab i l ab i ' i ; (66) by 'Abd al-Ghani, MS: Tustariyya (AB, XIV, p . 38) ; (67-75) nine anonymous or unidentified commentaries: ( a ) MS: Dinishgih 699611 ( c a t . , XVI, p.423); ( b ) MS: Malik 2545 (ca t . , I , p.225); ( c ) MS: Ragawi 180 law (ca t . , 11, pp.54-5); ( d l MS: Fayqiyya 60 (ca t . , I , p.81); ( e ) MS: Radawiyya 4912 ( c a t . , p .48); ( f ) MS: Dinishgih 252612 ( c a t . , IX, p.1326); ( g ) Faygiyya 307 ( ca t . , I , p . ; ( h ) MS: Mar'ashi 207812 (ca t . , VI, p .92 ) ; ( i ) MS: Majlis 8812 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, p.88)

L - A R D A B ~ L ~ :

Majma' 01-E'ida wa 'I-burhi;n, a commentary on ai-'Allimals lrshiid a/-adhhiin Editions: Tehran, 1274; Qum, 1403- Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 1852(cat., V, pp.237-8); Majlis 3377-8 ( ca t . , X, p p . 1226-8); Dinishgih 6717 (ca t . , XVI, p . 344); Malik 2195 (ca t . , I , p.642); Radawi, 3 MSS (ca t . , 11, pp.124-5); Milli, 4 MSS (ca t . , VII, pp . 49, 147, 472); GulpZyigini, 3 MSS (ca t . , 11, pp. 159-160); Kish in , Bihniyi (Rthnamiiy-i kitiib , XXI, p.695) Commentaries: (1) by al-Bihbahini, MSS: Majlis 4451 ( c a t . , XII, p . 133); Dinishgih 77013 (ca t . , V, p p . 1866-9); Waziri 2311 (cat. , I , p . 36); Khayrit KhZn 6112 ( c a t . , p . 1785); Ilihiyyit 153 A1 Aqi (ca t . , I , p . 766); Tustariyya 67212 (ca t . , p . 873); (2) anonymous; Majlis

84 A N INTRODUCTION TO S H T ' ~ LAW SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS 8 5

135 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, p.145); (3 ) anonymous, MS: Danishgih 742 in ALLAH B . ~ U S A Y N A L - T U S T A R ~ : margin (ca t . , V, pp.2001-2)

zmjc o/-fowt'id, a commentary on al-'Allima's Qawz'id a/-abkiim ~ A J J I B AL-MADARIK: M S ~ : ~ ~ l i k 3968 (ca t . , I , p.195); DEnishgih 6828 ( c a t . , XVI, p.371);

Tarbiyat 112 (ca t . , p .32); Adabiyyat 23 Kirmin ( ca t . , p.82); RaOawi - Hidiiyot 01-fiilibih = Ghiiyot 01-morzm, a commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's 6736 (ca t . , V, pp.392-3) 01-Mukhta~or a/-niifi' MSS: DEnishgih 1471, 6598 ( ca t . , VIII, p.122, XVI, p.304); gakim 1 0 A ' AL-DIN A L - ' A M I L ~ : (Nosh., V, p.425); Ja'fariyya ( ibid. , V, p.436); Fayaiyya 101 (cat . 1, pp. 192-3); Ilihiyyit 5412b (ca t . , 1, p.128); Raaawi 7586 (ca t . , V, 1-vab/ o/-mot7n, uncompleted, only the chapters on ritual puri ty, p.461); Majlis 3370, 4641, 5310 (ca t . , X, pp.1213-15, XIII, p.31, XVI rayer and inheritance p.226); Marcashi 546 (ca t . , 11, p.148); Waziri 1691 (ca t . , 111, p . dition: Tehran, 1321 1022); Malik 2897 (ca t . , I , p.442); Masjid-i &mi' 1 4 4 (ca t . , p . 332); elected MSS: Princeton 110 New Series; Dinishgah 1797, 3119, 6812, Congress 38 Arabic (ca t . , pp. 30-1) 935/5 ( c a t . , VII , pp.368, 552, X I , p.2073, XVI, p.366); Zanjini 3 Commentary: by al-Bihbahini, MS: Rawditi (AB, XX, p . 72) ca t . , p . 190); Malik 2174, 2702 ( c a t . , 1, pp.253-4); Milli 781 Arabic

ca t . , VIII, p.285); Bibliothsque Nationale 776 (ca t . , I , p.169, 11, - Modiirik al-obk5m, a commentary on the section on acts of devotion of p.129-30).; Majlis 1297 ( ca t . , IV, p.72); Raaawi 7182, 2855, 2832,

al-Mubaqqiq's Shora'i ' 01-/sl??m 2833-5 ( ca t . , V, p.416); Masjid-i A'zam 393 Editions: Tehran, 1268, 1274, 1298, 1322 Selected MSS: Raoawi 7931 (ca t . , V, p.496); Majlis 4202, 3374, 193 oshriq ol-shomsoyn, uncompleted, only the chapter on ritual purity ~ h u ' i (ca t . , VII, p.339, X, p.1224, XI, pp.219-20); Nawwib 61-2 law, &ion: Tehran, 1321 (together with the author's a/-Hob1 ol-mOt?n)

97 law (ca t . , p.475); Gharb 4510 (ca t . , p . 184); Khilisi (ca t . , pp. lected MSS: Radawi 2626, 2649, 2832 ( ca t . , 11, pp.128, 135); 106-7); Adabiyyit 43 Kirmin (ca t . , p . 105); MatQaf 2900, 3886 (ca t . , alik 1009 ( ca t . , I , p.677); Majlis 1320 (ca t . , IV, pp.92-3); Mareashi

I , p.253); BiihEr 183 Arabic (ca t . , p.207); Berlin Ldg. 523 (ca t . , I v , 80, 222 (ca t . , I , pp.98, 249; Ilahiyyit 160j (ca t . , 1, p.662); Milli

p . 66); Harvard (Nosh. , IX, p . 380) 7911 Arabic (ca t . , VII, pp. 76-11; S in i 125 (Cat., 1, p.65): Commentaries: (1) by Rafi' al-Din al-Ni'ini, MS: Mar'ashi 3309 GulpEyigini 97913 (ca t . , 11, p.216); Baku MI4012 (Nosh., IX, p.239) (ca t . , IX, pp. 90-1); (2) by Ibrihim b . gusayn al-Mar'ashi Khalifa Sultan, MS: Mar'ashi 306012 (ca t . , VIII, pp.281-2); (3) by Mubarnmad ' I Z Z AL-DiN AL-MUSAWT - MuQammad b . Abi 'I-wasan al-Mashhadi Ibrihim b . Muhammad Ma'siim al-gusayni al-Qazwini, MS: Gharb 233 ( d . after 1044): (ca t . , p . 116); (4) by Muhammad Ismi'il b . gusayn al-Khwijii'i DhokTrol a/-jazz' ( d . 11731, MSS: Miftib 205, 1036 (ca t . , p.144); (5) Todiiruk 01- MS: Dinishgih 498411 (Cat., XV, p.4077) ModZirik, by Qibib al-gadi ' iq, MSS: Najlis 4712 Khu'i ( ca t . , VII, Commentary: Dhokhii'ir 01-'uqba, MS: Dsnishgih 498412 (ca t . , XV,

pp.43-4); Gulpiyigini 187018 (ca t . , 111, p.91); (6) by a l - ~ i h b a h i n i , edited Tehran, 1268, 1322 (both together with Modiirik 01-obkiim), MSS: Sipahsilzr 2653 (ca t . , IV, p . 267); Malik 2587 (ca t . , I , p . 246); ONYR~OUS (written before 1060): Dinishgih 6809 (ca t . , XVI, p . 365); Radawi 7587 (Binish, p . 727); Shorb Qotrot al-bobroyn Gulpiyigini 1029 (ca t . , 11, p.60); Masjid-i A'8am 11756; (7) 01- MS: Marcashi 1842 (ca t . , V, p.228) FodhZilik, by al-Kirmznshihi - see below; (8 ) by ~ u b a ~ ~ ~ d jaCfar al-Hamadzni, MS: Mar'ashi 2538 ( ca t . , VII, pp.122-3); (9) Koshf SAN ' A L ~ B . 'ABD ALLLH AL-TUSTAR~ ( d . 1075): 01-Modiirik, by Mubammad Raii' al-Gilini al-Igfahini ( d . af ter 1238), edited Tehran, 1269 (in the margin of Babr al-'Uliim's 01-Durra), 1322 (together with Modiirik ol-obkiim), MSS: DEnishgZh 369811 (ca t . , XII, MS: Ma'had 1355 (ca t . , p.116) p.2703); Masjidi-i A - ~ a m 134; (10) by Qiyi' al-Din Mubarnmad al- gusayni al-Mar'ashi, MS: Mar'ashi 1762 (ca t . , V, p.145); (11) by L-SABZAWAR~: Mubammad Ja ' far al-Astaribadi, MS: Mar'ashi 3854 (ca t . , X , p.242); DhokhTrot oi-rno'iid, a commentary on al-'AllZmals lrshiid 01-adhhzn (12) anonymous, MS: Tustariyya 19212 (ca t . , p.840) Edition: Tehran, 1273-4

Selected MSS: Majlis 4197, 5056 (ca t . , XI, p p . 211-12, XV, p . 18) ; $ABIB AL-MA'ALIM: Gharb ( ca t . , p.126); Ijakim 1997; Raaawi 2740-1, 5708 (ca t . , V,

Mo'iilim 01-fin, uncompleted, only a part of the chapter on ritual purity pp.422-3); Gulpiyigini 1564 (ca t . , 11, p.81); Fayaiyya 92 (ca t . , I , Edition: Tabriz, 1322 p . ) ; Astsna 5911 ( ca t . , p.120) Selected MSS: Ilihiyyit 5411b (ca t . , I , p.128); Milli 43612 Arabic Commentaries: (1) by Mubamrnad Sa'id, MS: Raaawi 2740 in margin (ca t . , VII, pp. 370-1); Masjid-i A'zam 415 ( ca t . , V , p . 423); (2) TobqTq fi 'I-qiyZis, by al-Bihbahini (as a part

of his commentary on Dhokhrrot 01-ma'iid), MSS: ~ a r ' a s h i 45813 (Cat., NOR ALLAH B. SHARTF AL-IjUSAYNf AL-TUSTART ( d . 1019): 1 6 1 Dsnishgih 202613, 390212 (ca t . , VIII, p.644, XII, p.2891);

Tustariyya (AB, I , p .70) NihcSyot 01-iqdiim MS: Bankipore 1096 (cat . Arabic, I , p . 108) Kifiiyot 01-obkiim

Edition: Tehran, 1269 Selected MSS: Majlis 4595, 464712 (ca t . , XII, p.295, XIII, p.36);

86 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'i LAW

Ilihiyyit 183 A1 Aqi (ca t . , I , p . 794); DinishgZh 1991 (ca t . , VIII, p.600); Gharb 394, 1129 (ca t . , p . 176); Malik 1893 (ca t . , I , p.603); Waziri 26, 9711, 518 ( ca t . , I , pp.41, 126, 11, p.451) Translation: HidZyot 01-o'lFm, Persian, by Mubarnmad 'A17 b . Mubammad Ijasan al-Nahwi al-Ardakini ( d . after 12401, MS: Majlis 32 Tabi tab i ' i (cat . of microfilms of DinishgZh, 11, p . 12) Commentaries: (1) by Ja ' far b . 'Abd Allah al-Vuwayzi al-Qadi, MSS: Radawi 6475 (ca t . , V, p.412); Ijakim 299; Mashhad, ShZnachi (Nosh., V, p . 598); (2) Rawiishib 01-'inZya a/-Robbiiniyyo, by gusayn b . Mubarnmad al-Babrini A1 'Ugfur ( d . 1216), MSS: Mar'ashi 2702-3 (ca t . , VII, pp. 272-4); (3) Nib& 01-hidiiya, by Mubarnmad Mahdi al-gusayni al-Mashhadi, MSS: Radawi 5726, 6202, 8418-19 (ca t . , V, pp. 523-4; Binish, p.1055); Majlis 5985 (ca t . , XVII, p . 360); Waziri 239 ( c a t . , I , p.239); (4) by Mubsin al-A'rajT, MS: KhZlisi (ca t . , p .61); (5) NihZyot 01-muqtagid, by Murammad Ja ' far al-Hamadini , MS: Gharb 731 (ca t . , p.202); (6) by Muhammad b . Murammad Ma'sim a1-Mashhadi ( d . 12551, MSS: Mar'ashi 2468, 3233 (ca t . , VII, p.61, 1X, p.30); Majlis 4468 ( ca t . , XII, p.142); (7) Shawiiri' 01-hidiiyo, by Muhammad Ibrihim al-Kalbisi, MSS: Majlis 3551 (ca t . , X, pp. 1511-12); Mar'ashi 1917, 1924 (ca t . , V, pp. 288, 294); Gulpiyigini 189 (ca t . , I , p.172); Faydiyya 233 (ca t . , I , p.1701; Waziri 1488 ( ca t . , 111, p . 973); Miftib 75 ( ca t . , p.189)

AL-FAY9 :

- MofZITb 01-sharF3i' Edition: Beirut, 1389 (Vol.1 on ritual purity and prayer) Selected MSS: Cambridge C. 1819 Browne (ca t . , p .22); IlihiyyZt 66b ( ca t . , I , p.667); Dinishgih, 4 MSS (ca t . , V, p.2064, IX, p.869, XVI, p.326); Majlis, 3 MSS (ca t . , IV, pp.94-5, X, pp.382-2, XI, p.282); Sipahsilir 2603 (ca t . , I , p.528); Buqiiq 341j (ca t . , p.475); GulpZyigini, 8 MSS (ca t . , 11, pp.175-6, 111, pp . 22, 171); Faydiyya, 1 7 MSS (ca t . , I , pp.264-6); Malik, 7 MSS (ca t . , I , pp.705-6); Milli, 5 MSS (ca t . , VII, p.242, VIII, p.33, IX, p p . 152-3, 185); Gharb, 7 MSS (ca t . , pp.194-5); Waziri, 9 MSS (ca t . , 11, pp.471, 538, 111, p p . 1018, 1025, 1060); Radawi, 24 MSS (cat. , 11, pp.122-3, V, pp.510-12; Binish, pp. 1024-6) Commentaries: (1) b y MuPammad b. Muhammad Muhsin al-Kishini 'Alam al-Hudi (early 12th century) , MSS: SipahsZlir 2601 (ca t . , I , p.398, IV, p.278); Tabriz, Q i d i (Nosh. , VII, p.523); (2) by Niir al-Din Mubarnmad Hidi b . Murtadi al-Kishini (early 12th century) , MSS: DinishgZh 714-15 ( ca t . , V , pp.1940-2); Bankipore 946-9 (cat . Arabic, I , p .93); IlZhiyyZt 31b (ca t . , I , p.591); Malik 1421 (ca t . , I , p.446); Waziri 970 (ca t . , 11, p.797); Ncrbakhsh 152 ( ca t . , I , p.170); Radawi 247-8 law, 2784 (ca t . , 11, pp . 76-7, V, p.461); SipahsilZr 6134 ( ca t . , V, p.236); Faydiyya 76 (ca t . , I , p.159); Majlis 5279 temporary ( 3 ) by Muhammad Yiisuf b . Muhammad 'Ali al-Lihiji ( d . after 10961, MS: Tustariyya (AB, VI, p . 214); (4) by Abu 'I-Ijasan b . MuPammad Tihir al-Sharif al-Futiini al-'Lmili (d . 11381, MS: Los Angeles MI106 (ca t . , p . 271); (5) Foth 01-MofZtih, by MuPammad Mubsin b . Muhammad al-Kishini ( d . after 1148), MS: Majlis 547612 (ca t . , XVI, p.376); (6) 01-Dhukhr 01-liimimi' = 01-Mo~iibTb 01-lowiimi', by 'Abd Allih b . N G r al-Din al-Jazi ' iri (d.11731, MSS: Mar'ashi 3550 (ca t . , I X , pp.342-3); Radawi 7017 (ca t . , V, p.421); (7) by Muhammad 9ZliI.1 b . Muhammad Mu'min al-Astaribidi ( d . af ter 11841, MSS: Dinishgih 7664 (ca t . , XVI, p.667); Majlis 5306 (ca t . , XVI, p.222); ~ a r ' a s h i (AB, XIV, p.76); (8) by al-Bihbahini, MSS: Raaawi 2391 ( c a t . , 11, p.55); Majlis 347 TabitabZ'i; Mashhad, IlihiyyZt 1578 (ca t . , 11, p . 713) ;

SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS 87

Khiligi (ca t . , p .62) ; Zanjin (ca t . , p.105); (9) by the same author, on the introduction to MoEtTb, MSS: Faydiyya 152015, 155418 (ca t . , 111, pp,97i 100); Princeton 1929 New Series (fols. 251a-260b); (10) Mo.p?bTb o/-galom, by the same author - see below; (11) FottZb 01-mojZmi', by al-KirminshZhi - see below; (12) 01-AnwZr 01-lawiimi', by IJusayn A1 'Ugfur, MSS: Radawi 6502-4 (ca t . , V , p.369); Mar'ashi 1630 (ca t . ,V, pp.33-4); Majlis 4425 (ca t . , XII, p . 114); (13) by Muhammad Rid5 al-AstaribZdi ( d . after 12191, MSS: GawharshZd 1235 (ca t . , p.334); ~ a d a w i 7253 (ca t . , V, p.463); (14) by Abu 'I-Qisim b . 'Abbis (d . af ter 1227), MS: Raaawi 2813 (ca t . , V, p.464); (15) by $iQib al-RiyZd, MS: Uuqiiq l l b (ca t . , p . 387); Sipahsilir 277 Mushir (cat . , V, p . 236); princeton 179 New Series; Los Angeles M1317 (ca t . , p . 270); (16) Mo$?bTh 01-~alZim, by 'Abd AllZh Shubbar, MSS: Tustariyya 256, 325, 834 (ca t . , p.804, 810); Mar'ashi 1079 (ca t . , 111, pp.259-60); Radawi 7948 (Binish, p.lO1l); Milli, Arabic 103512, 1905 (ca t . , IX, p . 37, X , pp. 565-6); (17) 01-MigbZb 01-siiti', by the same author (an abridgement of his perious commentary), MSS: Dinishgih 717 (ca t . , V, pp.2045-6); Ilihiyyit 6 A1 Aqi ( ca t . , 1, pp.800-1); GawharshZd 742 (ca t . , p.396); Ijujjatiyya 73 ( c a t . , p.85); Bengal 654 (ca t . , I , p . 323); Tabriz, Qadi (Nosh., VII, p . 522); (18) NihZyot a/-morZrn, by al-Mujihid, MS: WuqGq 266j (ca t . , pp.496-7); (19) 01-MagZbibTb, by Muhammad Ja'far al-Kirminshihi , MSS: IlZhiyyit 124 A1 Aqi (ca t . , I , p . 800); Kashin, Radawi 187 (ca t . , p . 43); IjuqEq 107j (ca t . , pp. 467-8); Mar'ashi (AB, XXI, p.91); (20) 01-Mo~iibTb, by Mahdi b . 'Ali al-TabitabZ'i ( d . 12601, MS: JJuqiiq 243j ( ca t . , p.467); (21) MubtoghZ 01-ofhZrn, by 'Abd al-Wahhib b . Muhammad si l ih al-Baraghini al- Qazwiili (d. after 12661, MS: Mar'ashi 3202 (ca t . , IX, p .4) ; (22-4) three anonymous or unidentified commentaries (a ) MS: Mar'ashi 2157 (ca t . , VI, pp.162-3); (b ) MS: DinishgZh 6709 (cat . , XVI, p.337); (c ) MS: Shir iz , Ahmadiyya 264 (Nosh., V, p.214)

Mu 'tosum 01-ShT'o,uncompleted MSS: Mar'ashi 217, 3478 (ca t . , I , p.246, IX, p.275); Radawi 6469 (ca t . , V , p.509); Baghdidi (ca t . , p . 178); Kish in , Radawi 191 (ca t . , p.43)

Al-Nukhba Editions: Tehran, 1303, 1324, 2328, 1330 Selected MSS: Waziri 965 (ca t . , 11, p.794); vuqiiq l l d (ca t . , L , _ p . 493); Dinishgih 1007 (ca t . , V, pp. 2083-5); IlihiyyZt 187 A1 Aqi (cat . , I , p.806); Milli, Arabic 138612, 1393, 1463 (ca t . , IX, pp.395, 411, 491)- Commentary: a/-Tubfo 01-soniyyo, by 'Abd Allah al-Jazi'iri , edited Tehran, 1370 (Vol. l ) , MSS: GulpiyigZni 1687 (ca t . , 111, p . 17); Mar'ashi 2213 (ca t . , VI, p.204); Faydiyya 227 (ca t . , I , p.40); Masjid-i A'ram 18111; Radawi 2269 (Binish, p . 434); Majlis 4437, 4735, 5184 (ca t . , XII, p.122, XIII, p.116, XVI, pp.1-2); Dsnishgih 751, 1008 (ca t . , V, p.1820); Gharb 909 (ca t . , p.71)

SAYN AL-KHWANSAR~:

MoshZriq 01-shumijs, an uncompleted commentary on al-Shahid al- Awwal's 01-Duriis a/-shor'iyyo, only the chapter on ritual purity Edition: Tehran, 1311 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 6778 (cat . , XVI , pp ,358-9) ; Sipahsilir 2308 (cat . , I , p.448); Majlis (442811 (ca t . , XII, p.117)

88 AN INTRODUCTION TO S ~ f ' f LAW SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS

Editions: Tehran, 1270, 1318, 1325; Locknow, 1311 RIB A L - W ~ F I Y A - sadr al-Din Mubammad b . Mubarnmad BZqir al-Raaawi Selected MSS: Malik 2043, 2861 (ca t . , I , p.88); Bakim 1670m (ca t . , I 1-gummi (mid-12th century): pp.88-9); Mar'ashi 429, 701, 716 (ca t . , 11, pp.33, 295, 312); Radaw 6609 (Binish, p.617); GulpiyigZni 122711, 136912 (ca t . , 11, pp. 237, 249); wujjatiyya 178 (cat . , p 38); Milli, Arabic 127612, 1400 (ca t . , IX, pp. 266, 415-16); Princeton 15111 New Series Abridgement: Nihiiyot ol-bidiiyo , by al-MukhtZri , MS: DZnishgih

MAQXBY - Mubamrnad b . 'Ali b . 'Abd al-Nabi al-Babrini ( d . after

185915 (ca t . , VIII, p.460) Translations: (1) Niir-i siifi' , Persian, by Mubarnmad Murid al- Kishmiri ( d . after 10981, MSS: Gawharshsd 943 (ca t . , p . 195); Waziri Bakim 9 (Nosh, V, p.422) 990, 1141 (ca t . , 11, p.809, 111, p.871); Radawi 2854 (ca t . , V, p.528) Sipahsilir 2529 (ca t . , I , p . 553); (2) Koshf ol-diriiyo, by Muhammad AL-RASHID B. NOR AL-DIN A L - T U S T A R ~ (12th century): Ja'far b . SulaymZn al-FarZhi ( d . afte 11141, MSS: Radawi 2810 (cat . , 1-Mosii'il ol-okhbiiriyyo V, p.481) ; T\stZna 6264 (ca t . , pp. 155-6); Gawharshid 936 ( ca t . , S: Majlis 594412 (ca t . , XVII, pp.328-9) p . 163); Mar'ashi (AB, XVIII, pp.34, 68); (3) by 'Abd Allih b . A l b MS: Gawharshid 113711 (ca t . , p.87) Commentaries: (1) Muntokhob ol-hidiiya, by MuPammad TZhir b . 'A Allah al-Qiri al-Harawi (d. after 1105), MS: Radawi 4280, 6471 (cat V, pp . 518-19); (2) anonymous (written before 11531, MS: Waziri 181911 (ca t . , 111, p . 1064); (3) Moshiiriq ol-muhtodiil, by Muhammad 6) ; DZnishgZh 6595 (ca t . , Biqir b . MuPammad Taqi al-Sharif al-Raaawi al-Qummi (d. after 118 I , p . 304) ; Radawi 2730-1, 7592-610 (Binish, p . 734); Gawharshzd MS: Rawditi (AB, XXI, pp. 36-11; (4) al-Sowiinib al-na?ariyyo, by (ca t . , p.287); NawwZb 102 law (ca t . , p.456) IJusayn Ti1 'Ugfiir, MSS: IlZhiyyZt 137 A1 i i q i (ca t . , I , p . 777); pletion: 'Uyiin a/-boqii'iq ol-nii?ira, by IJusayn T\1 'Ugfiir, edited DinishgZh 2924 (ca t . , XVI, p.402); (5) Anwiir ol-dircya, by 'Abd al-gusayn b . AQrnad al-Asbaghi al-Babrini , MS: Waziri 311412 (cat Sharb muqoddomot ol-tiadii'iq, by Mubsin al-A'raji, V, p . 1537); (6) Mogiib7b 01-hidiiyo, by MuPammad wasan b . MuParnm Ibrihim b . MuPammad al- Maa$Gm al-Qazwini (d . 12401, MSS: Milli 1840 Arabic (cat . , X, p . 42 saw7 al-Dizfiili, MS: SZibib al-Dhari'a (AB, VI, p.81) MiftZb 207 (ca t . , pp.291-2); Dinishgih 7362 (ca t . , XVI, p.521); Ilihiyyit 45 A1 Aqi (ca t . , I , pp , 799-800); Mar'ashi 1650, 2126 (cat V, pp.49-50, VI, p . 137) ; (7) MojCrT ol-moriim, by Mubarnmad Biqir ~ZibTb 01-~ollim, a _com_mentary on al-FayQ's Mofiitib ol-shorii'i' al-GulpiyigZni , MS: Faydiyya 1282 (cat. , I , p . 226) S: IlZhiyyit 4-5 A1 AqZ (ca t . , 1 , p.784); DinishgZh 718, 1588,

- Hidiiyot al-ummo I , p.683); Malik 2197, 2617, Selected MSS: Gawharshid 300 ( ca t . , p.433); Malik 616-17 and 6 2741 (ca t . , I , p.445); AstZna 7348 (ca t . , p.136); Faydiyya 56, 77 other MSS (ca t . , I , pp.802-4); SipahsZlZr 6186 ( c a t . , V, p . 756); (cat . , I , p . 251); Majlis 4449-50, 482211, 5578, 62 Tab i t ab i ' i , 82 Dinishgih 6761 (ca t . , XVI, p . 355); uakim 143 Rashti (ca t . , p . 159); Tabstabii'i (ca t . , XII, pp. 131-2, XIII, p.233, XVII, p.40); Milli 622 Radawi, 8 MSS (Binish, p.1077) Arabic ( ca t . , VIII, p.102); Martashi 1108 (ca t . , 111, p.280); Translation: Hidiiyot al-abkiim, Persian, by Mubarnmad Basan b . GulpZyigZni 281-3, 1680, 1696, 1724 (ca t . , I , pp.245-6, 111, pp. 13-14, MuPammad Silib al-Harawi , MS: Majlis 2054 (cat. , VI , pp .42-3) 19, 30); Tarbiyat 237 (ca t . , p.54); DihkhudZ 209 (ca t . , p.423);

Bakim 25-6 (Nosh., V, p.422); Isfahin, Adabiyyit ( ibid. , V, p.300); A L - F A ~ I L AL- HIND^ : Radawi, 5 MSS (Binish, p . 887); Gharb, 2 MSS (ca t . , p . 189);

GawharshZd 1986 (ca t . , p.334); Amir al-Mu'minin (AB, XIV, p . 75); - Koshf al-lithiim, a commentary on al-'AllZmals Qawii'id 01-obkiim

Edition: Tehran, 1271-4 Masjid-i A ' ~ a m 7408, 9147; Saryazdi 122 (ca t . , p.423); Us t id i , 2 MSS (ca t . , p.36); Los Angeles M939 (ca t . , p.270)

Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 3767 (cat . , X , p . 156) ; Majlis 3489 (ca t . , X, pp. 1448-9); FayGiyya 559 and 5 other MSS (cat. , I , p.218); Gulpiyigini 2325 and 4 other MSS (ca t . , 11, p . 151, 111, p.229);

HDi A L - N A R A Q ~ - Mahdi b . Abi Dharr al-Kishini (d.1209):

Gharb 487 (ca t . , p . 175) Lowiimi' 01-obkiim MSS: Gharb 1106 (ca t . , p.178); KhZligi (ca t . , p.94) - Al-Moniihii ol-sowivvo. a commentarv on al-Shahid al-Thini 's 01-Rowdo , ,

01-bohiyyo MSS: DZnishgih 1159, 2365 (ca t . , V, pp.2068-9, IX, p.966); Milli 603 Arabic (cat . , VIII, p .88); SipahsilSr 2560 (ca t . , I , p.449); Majlis 222 Khu ' i , 1327 (ca t . , IV, pp. 97-8, VII, p.373); Malik, 3 MSS (ca t . , I , p . 739); Mar'ashi 2965-7 ( c a t . , VIII, pp. 148-9); Masjid-i A'cam 370, 4327, 11713; Radawi 8005 (cat. , p.1037); Gharb 1347 (ca t . , p.197); MiftZP 62 (cat . , p.299)

Mu' tamad ol-ShT'o MSS: Mar'ashi 3137 (ca t . , VIII, p . 366); Faydiyya 1108 (ca t . , I , p.262); Khiligi (ca t . , p.117)

IJR AL-'ULOM: A/-Durra, in verse Editions: Najaf, 1377 and others (see Mushir, col. 360) Selected MSS: Radawi 2404, 6196, 7648-9 (Binish, p.750); Mar'ashi

92 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW SYSTEMATIC LEGAL WORKS 93

(8) Miftiib a/-Riyiid, by IsmZ'il b Najaf al-gusayni al-Marandi (d . afte Mustanad a/-ShT'a 1293), MS: uujjatiyya 463 (cat . , p. 89); (9) by Mubammad Taqi al-Hara Editions: Tehran, 1273-4, 1325-6 MSS: guqiiq 112j (ca t . , pp.319-21); Mar'ashi 3721 (ca t . , X, pp .1201) Selected MSS: Sipahsilir 2330-1 (cat. , I , p . 522) ; guqiiq 79b (ca t . , (10) by 'Ali Akbar al-Qazwini, MS: Milli 178319 Arabic (cat . , X , p.368 p.463); Gharb 1965 (ca t . , p.186); Malik, 3 MSS (ca t . , I , pp.672-3) (11) Zahr ol-riyiip', by Mu4ammad $%lib b . Mubarnmad wasan al-Tihriini al-Dimad, MSS: Dinishgih 758, 761 (ca t . , V, p . 1922); Mar'ashi 1429 JJAMMAD IBRAHiM B. MUgAMMAD BASAN AL-KALBASi ( d . 1262): ( ca t . , IV, pp . 212-13); (12) by Mabmiid b . Mubarnmad al-Khu'i, edited Minhiij a/-hidiiya Tabriz, 1312; (13) WothTqat 01-wasii'il, by Abmad b . 'Ali al-gusayni Edition: Tehran, 1263 al-Rashti ( d . after 13201, edited I ran , 1320; (14) Tarii 'iqal-Riyw, b Selected MSS: Dinishgih 769, 3929 (ca t . , V, p.2071-2, XII, pp. Ghulim gusayn b . 'Ali Agghar al-Darbandi ( d . 13231, MS: Mar'ashi 2916-17): Radawi 2635, 8020, 8240 ( c a t . , 11, p.130; Binish, pp. 2718 (ca t . , VII, p.284); (15) by Fakhr al-Din al-Nariqi, MS: Fayoiyy 1047-8); Mar'aahi 2376 (ca t . , VI, p . 359); Malik 1341; Faydiyya, 870 (ca t . , I , p.125); (16) by MapmCid b . 'Ali-a1-Mar'ashi ( d . 1338 6 MSS (cat . , I , pp.280-1); Berlin Min.248 (ca t . , IV, p.158) MS: Mar'ashi 2623 (ca t . , VII, p.199); (17) Ip'iib a/-Riyiip', by gab Commentary: Mi'riij a/-shari 'a, by Mubarnmad Mahdi al-Kalbisi, MSS: Allih a1-Kiishini, MS: Mar'ashi 3147 (ca t . , VIII, pp. 378-9); (18 Majlis 3556-9 (cat . , X, pp.1520-2); DZnishgih 1215 (cat . , VI, p.2355); Mubsin b . Mahdi al-TabitabZ'i al-gakim ( d . 13911, MS: gakim 2279 Ragawi 7987-92 (ca t . , V, p.509); Mareashi 2307 (cat . , VI, p.45); (19-21) three anonymous or unidentified commentaries: (a) MS: Radawl 'Abd a l - ' ~ ~ i n l 4 (ca t . , p.81) 8268 (Binish, p.719); ( b ) written before 1268, MS: Radawi 2473 (ibid p . 882); (c ) MS: Faydiyya 80012 ( ca t . , 111, p.24) SAN B. JA'FAR AL KASHIF AL-GHITA':

AL-QUMMT : An wii r 01-faqiiho MSS: Majlis 22, 2311 Khu ' i , 4469-70 ( ca t . , VII, p .20, XII, pp.142-3);

- Ghanii'im 01-ayyiim Astina 6368 (ca t . , pp. 79-80); Faydiyya 14116 (ca t . , 111, p.5); Editions: Tehr_an, 1301, 1319 uujjatiyya 336 (ca t . , p.38); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 892 (cat . , 11, p.58); Selected MSS: Astina _8345, 6143 (cat . , p . 147) ; Malik 2289 (ca t . , I , RacJawi 7451 (Bh i sh , p.609); Gawharshid 441 (ca t . , p . 221); Mahdawi p . 528) ; IlZhiyyit 1 4 4 A1 Aqi (cat . , I , p . 787) 81011, 81013 (ca t . , p.128); Biqiriyya (AB, I , p.443)

- Moniihij a/-abkiim Edition: Tehran, 1271 (the chapter on prayer) ~ I B AL-JAWAHIR: Selected MSS: Faydiyya 14115, 110412 (ca t . , 111, pp. 5, 55); Raaawi Jowiihir 01-kaliim, a commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's Sharii'i' a/-lsliim. It 63 (ca t . , p.37); Milli 250 Arabic (ca t . , VII, pp.218-19); Ustidi has become the most popular reference work in S h i ' i legal studies. (ca t . , p.37) Editions: Najaf-~Qum-Tehran, 1377-1401 (in 43 vols.) and 5 others

(see Mushir, cols. 261-3) ~ A ~ I B AL-MAQABIS : Selected MSS: Uakirn 72-87 (cat . , I , pp.170-7); Gharb 1108-26 (cat . ,

Moqiibis al-anwiir pp. 78-80); Tabitabii'i 730-9 (ca t . , V . , pp. 1849-53); Majlis 4657 Edition: Trabriz, 1322 (cat . , XIII, pp.43-4); Gawharshid 1229 (ca t . , p.255) Selected MSS: Radawi 2845 (Binish, p.1029); Dinishgih 7303 (ca t . , Commentaries: (1) 01-lnsiif, by Mubarnmad TZhZ b . Mahdi Najaf al- XVI, p.508); Faydiyya 1712 (ca t . , 111, p.1); Gulpiyigini 467 (ca t . , Tabrizi ( d . 12231, edited Tehran, 1324; (2) Bobr 01-jawiihir, Persian, 11, p.177) by 'Ali b . Mubarnmad Biqir al-BurCijini (early 14th century) , MSS:

Waziri 250 (cat., I , p.254); Masjid~i A'gam 1322 AL-MU JAHID : Najiit olk'ibiid, a collection of fatwiis - see below - Jiimimi' a/-aqw3 Commentaries: (1) WasTlat a/-ma'iid, h y IsmZ'TI b . Abmad al-'Aqili

MS: Radawi 7543 (Binish, p.678) al-Niiri (d . 13211, edited Tehran, 1324; ( 2 ) Adillat a/-rashiid, by Mubamrnad Busayn al-Qumsha'i , MSS: Tustariyya 476-91, 829 (cat. ,

- Al-Moniihil p,788); (3) Subul ol-roshiid, by Abii Tu r ib b . Abi '1-QZsim al-Miisawi Editions: partly edited Tehran, 1274, 1315 al-Khwinsiri ( d . 13461, edited Najaf, 1332, MSS: Tustariyya 46811, Selected MSS: uuqiiq 325j (ca t . , p . 482); Malik 2951 (ca t . , I , pp. 53812 (cat . , pp.801, 863, 865); (4) by Abu '1-Majd al-IgfahZni, MS: 740-1); DZnishgih 782-3, 1741, 7719 ( ca t . , V, pp.2069-70, XVI, Rawoiti (see AB, XIV, pp.lO1-2) p.683); Sipahsilir 2614-18 (ca t . , I , pp. 537-8); Milli, Arabic 75112, 1688 (ca t . , VIII, p.208, X , p.270); Radawi, 9 MSS (ca t . , V, pp.505, AD^ A L - T I H R ~ ~ N ~ - Mubarnmad Hidi b . Mubarnmad Amin (d . 1321): 516-17; Binish, p . 1038) ; Waziri 140 , 1795 (cat . , I , p.178, 111, p . 1056); Faygiyya 1295 (ca t . , I , p.248); Bujjatiyya 103 (ca t . , p.85 Wadii'i' a/-nubuwwa Masjid-i A'qam 2964, 2994; Gharb, 4 MSS (ca t . , p.188); Ust idi (cat Edition: two par t s of the book are edited, the chapter on sale (Najaf, p .38); Tabriz, Q i d i (Nosh. , VII, p.523) 1320) and the chapter on prayer (Tehran, 1342)

Selected MSS: Majlis 195012, 271712, 2720-1, 2753, 2762 (ca t . , IX, AgMAD A L - N A R A Q ~ : pp.15-18, 38, 138-9, 165, 661-2); Radawi, 6 MSS (Binish, p.871);

Gharb 8149 (ca t . , p.205); Masjid-i A'Tarn 106911, 1175, 195211; - Hidiiyat a/-ShT'a Tustariyya (AB, XV, p . 188); UstZdi (ca t . , p.26)

MSS: Mar'ashi 125 (ca t . , I , pp. 147-8); Khilisi, 2 MSS (ca t . , pp. 127-8 Qum, RCpZni (Zshnii'T, I , p.446)

94 A N INTRODUCTION TO ~ H i ' f LAW

RIQA AL-I-IAMADANT : B

Migbiib a/-foqTh, an uncompleted commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's Shorii 01-lsliim; only the first 5 chapters on acts of devotion and the chapte COLLECTIONS OF FA T W ~ S

on mortgage Edition: Najaf, 1347; Tehran, 135311364 MSS: Q u q i q 141j (ca t . , p .468); Danishgih 3719 (ca t . , XII, p.2720 MAD AL-TABART: Majlis 5049-50, 5054-5 (ca t . , XV, pp.13-14, 16-17) ~ u ' t o q o d a/-lmiimiyyo, Persian

Edition: Tehran, 1381 MUJJAMMAD BASAN B. 'ABD ALLAH AL-MHMAQANT ( d . 1323): MSS: RawcJiti (ca t . , I , pp . 33ff); Gharb 1083612 (ca t . , p.450)

Dharii'i' ol-a~15m, a commentary on al-Mubaqqiq's Shorii'i' a/-Isliim Edition: Tabriz, 1319-21 ONYMOUS (belonging to 6thl7th century) : MSS: Milli 1163 Arabic ( ca t . , IX, p.150); Gulpiyigini 522 (ca t . , 11, Kitiib-i fiqh, Persian p . 81) MS: Majlis 260 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, pp.430-3)

A L - K H U R A S ~ N T : D AL-RAIJTM B. M A ' R ~ F (9th century) :

- Takmilot 01-Tob~iro Nay1 01-moriim, Persian Edition: Tehran, 1328 MSS: DinishgZh 764 (ca t . , V , p p . 2099-100); Sipahsiiliir 6175 (ca t . , MS: Niirbakhsh 48511 (ca t . , 11, p.163) V, p.741); Marcashi 2891, 2712 (ca t . , VII, p.281, VIII, p.93); Los

- AI-Loma'iit oolnoyyira, an uncompleted commentary on the previous Angeles M349 (ca t . , p .92); Fayaiyya 846 ( ca t . , 11, p.109); Gulpayig;ani

work; only the chapter on ritual purity and a part of the chapter on 208 (ca t . , I , p.184); Waziri 1587 (ca t . , 111, p.995)

prayer Editon: Baghdad, 1331 L-JURJANT - Qiyii' al-Din 'Ali b . Sadid al-Din DZwiid (early 10th

A L - Y A Z D ~ : Risiilo dor fiqh, Persian

Ai-'Urwa a/-Wuthqii Selected MSS: Waziri 112312 (ca t . , 111, p . 865); Danishgih 319013 Editions: Vol. 1, Tehran, 1382 and others: Vols. 2-3, Tehran, 1378 (ca t . , XI, p.2187); FaycJiyya 161712 ( ca t . , 111, p.109); Saryazdi

415 (ca t . , p.425) Q I Y A ' AL-DTN AL- 'ARAQ~: WZjibiit-i namiir , Parsian

Shorb Tobzirat ol-muto'allimTn Selected MSS: Karachi (ca t . , I , pp. 26-7); Gharb 10836111 (ca t . , Edition: Najaf, 1345 (chapter on sale), Qum, 1397- MS: Mar'ashi 3102 (ca t . , VIII, p.326)

ABU 'L-QASAN A L - I B F A H ~ N ~ : Riszlo yi obkiim, a Persian translation of al-Karaki's collection of

WosTlat a/-najct Editions: Najaf, 1359 and others MS: Waziri 380813 (ca t . , V, p . 1804)

Usiil 01-dTn wo furii 'uh A L - J J A K ~ M : MS: Danishgah 288816 (ca t . , X, p.1733)

Mustomsak o l 'Urwa ol-wuthqf, a commentary on al-Yazdi's a/-'Urwo 01-wuthqz USAYN B. 'ABD AL-JJAQQ AL-ARDABTLT ( d . 950): Editions: Najaf, 1391 (14 vols.) and 3 others Zubdo = Fiqh-i shiihT, Persian

Edition: Locknow, 1311 MUVAMMAD T A Q ~ B. MUJJAMMAD A L - A M U L ~ ( d . 1391): MSS: DinishgZh 771, 72311, 89913, 936, 5744 (ca t . , V, pp.1766-71,

Migb5b 01-hud5, an uncompleted commentary on al-Yazdi's 01-'Urwo XVI, pp . 80-1); Princeton 2858 Yahuda (Nosh., X, p . 25); Waziri

01-wuthqii 795, 33 (ca t . , I , p.44, 11, p.670); Malik 2170 (ca t . , 11, p . 581); Edition: Tehran, 1377- Majlis 37, 126 Khu ' i , 4639, 5834 ( ca t . , 11, p .17, VII, p.135, X, p.1727,

XIII, p p . 29-30, XVII, pp ,246-50); Nawwib 206 law (ca t . , p.449); AIJMAD B. Y ~ S U F A L - M ~ S A W ~ AL-KHWANSART: Bengal 1 4 7 7 (ca t . , 11, p.269); Gharb 1400 ( c a t . , p.26)

J5mi' al-modiirik, a commentary on al-Muhaqqiq's a/-Mukhta~or a/-nffi' L - A R D A B ~ L ~ : Edition: Tehran

Risiila dar $olZt wo $owm, Persian AL-KHUMAY NT : MSS: RacJawi 2759 (ca t . , V, p.439); Danishgzh 87819 ( ca t . , V, pp.

1885-6); Gawharshid 99812 (ca t . , p . 121) TobrTr ol-WasTlo Editions: Najaf, 1387, 1391

96 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW COLLECTIONS OF FA TWJS

'ABD ALLAH AL-TUSTART: Wfjibft-i nomfz , Persian Minhfj 01-nojft, on dogmatics and acts of devotion MSS: Gawharshid 1623 (cat . , p . 122); Dinishgih 271118, 3224 (cat. MS: Milli 192211 Arabic (ca t . , X, p . 591) X, p.1589, XI, p.2185); Radawi 2436, 2441 (ca t . , 11, pp.70-1)

B A H A ' A L - D ~ N A L - ' A M I L ~ : Persian treatises on various topics, mostly on acts of

Jiimimi'-i 'AbbiisT, Persian, on acts of devotion Editions: Bombay, 1319 and others ~ a r ' a s h i 15, 187, 1602, 1683, 3034, 3050 (ca t . , I , pp. Selected MSS: Sipahsilir 2531 (cat . , I , p . 15); Bodleian Pers. 1784 pp .5 , 78, VIII, pp.225, 269); Gulpiyigini 1223, 1305,

(cat . , 111, pp. 1031-2); Vatican Pers. 15 (cat. Persian, p . 41); Leide 1449 (ca t . , 11, pp.63, 236, 260); Fayaiyya 1747 (ca t . , 111, p.128);

1283 Schult. (ca t . , IV, p . 178) Mill7 1854f (ca t . , IV, pp; 313-17) Translation: Arabic, anonymous, MS: Khilisi (ca t . , p .56) Completion: (1) hy Nizim al-Din Mubarnmad b . uusayn al-Sawiji ( d . 1038), edited repeatedly; (2) by Zayn al-'Ahidin al-gusayni M i i yojib 'qlo 'I-mukollof 'omoluh wo I f yoso'uh johluh (mid-11th century) , on pilgrimage (mazFr) and inheritance, MS: Tustariyya (AB, XIX, p.35) MSS: Faygiyya 847117 (ca t . , 111, p.30); AstSna 6054 (cat . , p . 192); Majlis 45 (cat. , I , p . 13) Nukhbot 01-wiijibft Commentaries: (1) by 'Ali' Burhin al-Tabrizi ( d . after 1054),MS: MSS: Mar'ashi (AB, XXIV, p . 100); Tustariyya 63312 (ca t . , p . 870)

Asafiyya 176 S h i ' i law (Cat., IV, p.481); (2) by MuPammad b . 'Ali b . Khwitiin al-'Amili ( d . 10571, MSS: Malik 1434, 5878 (cat . , 11, p.499); Tabriz, Milli 3076 (cat. of microfilms of Dinishgih, 11, p . 75) xdiib 01-tijiiro, on transactions, two versions: Arabic and Persian

Edition: Arabic version, Tehran, 1290 and others; Persian version, AL-DAMAD : Tabriz , 1321 and others

Shori' 01-nojiit, Persian, on acts of devotion Al-Tubfa 01-tfusoyniyya, on prayer and fasting Edition: Tehran, 1401 (in the collection of ithnf'oshar risiilo li . . . MSS: Dznishgih 1615 (ca t . , VIII , p . 205) ; Sipahsilir 646412 (ca t . , 'I-DZimiid) 111, p.359); Faydiyya 1485 (ca t . , I , p.40) Selected MSS: Faydiyya 142512 (ca t . , 111, p.90); Majlis 455315 (ca t . , Translation: Persian, MS: JJujjatiyya 59711 (ca t . , p . 115) XII, pp ,236-7) ; Dinishgih 7074 (ca t . , XVI , p ,445)

AHDT AL-NARAQ~: A L - M A J L I S ~ I :

AnTs 01-tujjiir, Persian, on transactions tfadTqot 01-muttoqTn, Persian, on acts of devotion Editions: Tehran, 1317, 1329, 1349 Selected MSS: Gulpiyigini 717 (cat. , 11, p ,641; Sipahsilir 1863 MSS: Sipahsilir 2546 ( ca t . , I , pp. 368-9); uuqiiq 185j (ca t . , p .20) ; (ca t . , 1 , p.405); Uujjatiyya 400 (ca t . , p.11); Ustadi (ca t . , p.46); Raaawi 6184 (Binish, p.609); Waziri 1017 (ca t . , 111, p.823) Cambridge C. 1619 Browne (cat . , p . 21)

p'owiyya, Persian RAFT' AL-DTN AL-NA'TNT: MuPammad b . Vaydar al-ausayni al- MSS: Waziri 1937 (ca t . , 111, p.1100)

Tahi tab i ' i (d . 1082): AL-HAMADLNT :

Risiila-yi 'omaliyyo, Persian, on acts of devotion MS: Dinishgih 170712 (ca t . , VIII, p.254) A / - Tubfa 01-shohTdiyyo, Persian

MS: Milli 302916f (ca t . , VI, p.810) AL-SABZAWAF~ :

Y N B. 'ABD AL-BAQT AL-HuSAYNT AL-KHWLTCINABAD~ - Khiliifiyya, Persian, on acts of devotion Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 66, 52811 (ca t . , I , pp.76-7, 11, p . 133); Faydiyya 330 (ca t . , 111, p.200); Radawi 2393 (ca t . , 11, p.56); MoziibTb 01-qulub, Persian, on acts of devotion Biqiriyya (AB, XVI, p.280) MSS: Mar'ashi 420 (ca t . , 11, p .24); ~ u l p i y i g i n i 1066, 1557 (ca t . ,

11, p.170); UstZdi ( ca t . , p.55) - Risiila dor mo'rifat-i abkiim-i shor'iyyo, Persian MSS: Radawi 705518 (ca t . , V, p.489); Gulpgyigini 1190 (ca t . , 11, IjUSAYN AL 'u$FOR: p.88); Waziri 1191 (ca t . , 111, p.889)

A/-Fatiiwf 01-tfusoyniyyo - Mosii'il-i mutaforriqo, Persian, on acts of devotion MS: Mar'ashi 2350 ( ca t . , VI, p.325)

MS: Radawi 705513 ( ca t . , V, p.489)

- Risiila-yi 'amoliyyo, Persian KASHIF AL-GHITA': MS: Radawi 2425 (cat . , 11, p.66) Bughyat 01-tiilib, on dogmatics and prayer

Selected MSS: Majlis 4588 (ca t . , XII, pp. 286-7); Mar'ashi 60211,

98 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHi'i LAW COLLECTIONS OF FA T W X S

1539 (ca t . , 11, p.195, IV, p.339); Tarbiyat 252 (ca t . , p.28); Los p , l l l ) ; Faydiyya 767 (ca t . , 11, p.110) Angeles M9313 (ca t . , p,661); I-larvard (Nosh., IX, p.348) Completion: by Basan A1 Kishif a l-Ghit i ' , on fasting and seclusion, R~~ A L - F U S ~ ~ L = Muhammad JJusayn b . Muhammad Rahim a a l l ~ f a h i n i MS: Mar'ashi 60215 (ca t . , 11, p . 196) Translation: Tuhfat 01-riighib , Persian, by S Q i b al-Maqibis, MSS: Malik 2590 (ca t . , 11, p .58); Radawi 2284 (Binish, p.634) R isZio-yi 'amoliyyo, Persian

MS: Gawharshid, 1717 (Cat., p.122) S A ~ I B AL-RIYAP:

WIQR B. SHALLAL AL-'AFKAWY A L - N A J A F ~ ( d . 1255): - Zohr a/-riyZd, Persian, compiled by Abii 'Ali MuPammad b . Ismi'il

al-Hi' iri al-Mizandarzni ( d . 1216) on the basis of RiyZ@ oolmosZ'il Jonnot a/-khuld, on dogmatics and acts of devotion MSS: Dinishgah 7147 (ca t . , XVI, p.465); Milti 18 Arabic (ca t . , VII, Selected MSS: Dinishgih 5703, 7163 ( c a t . , XVI, pp. 71, 471); Waziri p .20); Radawi 2351 (Bifiish, p .684); Bakim 1650m (ca t . , 1, p.163) 1376, 1454 ( ca t . , 111, pp.942, 954); Buriijirdi (AB, XII, p.71);

Nujiimi ( c a t . , p.274) - Mukhtazosr-i Risiiio-yi 'amoliyya, Persian, on acts of devotion, by

Ibrihim b . vusayn al-yusayni Tuhfot a/-,obrZr, Persian, on prayer MS: Mar'ashi 1956 ( ca t . , V, p . 329) Selected MSS: Waziri 129 (ca t . , I , p . 168); FayCliyya 769 and 2 other

MSS (ca t . , 11, p.20; Ustzdi (ca t . , p.44) A L - Q U M M ~ : Abridgements: (1) by Muhammad Taqi al-Harawi; [he later wrote a

commentary on this abridgement, entitled Koshf 01-aster, MS: Mashhad, - Mu'Tn o l -khaw~i s~ , on acts of devotion Adabiyyit 119 Fayyig (ca t . , p . 135)l; (2) ol-WalTzo, Persian, by

Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 18, 720 (ca t . , I , p .30, 11, p.315); Gulpiyigi Muhammad Ja'far al-Abada'i , edited I ran , n . d . , selected MSS: Mar'ashi 139111 (ca t . , 11, p . 254) ; Sipahsilir (ca t . , I , pp.426, 524); 528 13 (ca t . , 11, p . 134) ; uujjatiyya 273 ( c a t . , p .30); Sipahsilir 2371 Tustariyya (AB , XXI, p . 284) ; DZnishgih 3608 (cat. , XII, p . 2613) ; (ca t . , I , p . 508); Masjid-i A'qam 9305; (3) Hidiiyot 01-okhyiir, Persian, Gawharshad 1 7 4 7 (ca t . , p.403) by the same author , MS: Mar'ashi 52814 ( c a t . , 11, p.134)

- Murshid ol-'owZmm, Persian, on acts of devotion - JawZhir 01-mosZ'ii, Persian, on prayer , compiled by Muhammad Mahdi Selected MSS: Raaawi 2612-13, 7614, 7938 (Binish, p.1002); b . Muhammad Biqir al-Mahalliti on the basis of al-Shafti's MolZli' Gulpiyigini 694, 726 (ca t . , 11, pp . 165, 206); Fayoiyya (ca t . , 11, p.98); Huqiiq 2 1 1 j ( ca t . , p.191); Majlis 189, 2902, 4086, 5991 (ca t . , MS: Mar'ashi 2541 (ca t . , VII, pp.124-5) I , p.57, X, p.292, XII, pp. 8405; XVII, pp.364-5); Milii 2152f, 2196f (cat. , V, pp . 206, 281-2) - MonZsik-i hajj, Persian

MS: Gawharshid 1765 ( c a t . , p . 107) AL-MUJAHID:

MUHAMMAD IBRAHTM AL-KALBAST: IsIZh 01- 'omol Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 63514, 1082 ( c a t . , 11, p.236, 111, pp.261-2) IrshZd 01-mustorshidin, Persian Translation: Persian, by Hasan b . Muhammad 'Ali al-Ui'iri al-yazdi, Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 52812 ( ca t . , 11, p.133); Gulpiyigini 926,

MSS: Fayoiyya, 906 and 5 other MSS (ca t . , 11, pp.28-9); Uujjatiyya 1053 (ca t . , 11, p .9 ) ; Faydiyya, 2 MSS ( c a t . , 11, p . 12); ~ a z i r i 2 4 1

403 (ca t . , p .7) ; Ilihiyyit 821d (ca t . , 11, p . 4 ) ; Dinishgah 7230 (ca t . , (ca t . , I , p.240)

XVI, p.494) Abridgements: (1) MisbFb a/-tor7q , Persian, by Uasan b . Muhammad

$ A ~ I B AL-JAWAHIR: 'Ali al-Yazdi, MSS: Dinishgah 7160 (ca t . , XVI, p.469); Fayoiyya, NojZt a/-'ibiid 3 MSs (cat . , 11, p.100); Masjid-i A'zam 4465; (2) rubfat ol-muqallj&n Edition: Tehmn, 1291 and others Persian, by Husayn b . Muhammad ai-Wi'ig al-Tustari ( d . after 1240), Selected MSS: DanishgZh 1830 (ca t . , VIII, p.428); ~ a l i k 2929 (ca t . , MS: vujjatiyya 70316 ( ca t . , p . 122); (3) by Karim b . Hasan al- I , p . 765); Mar'ashi 2397 ( ca t . , VI, p . 378) I r awin i , MS: Mar'ashi 2591 (ca t . , VII, p.179) Translations: (1) Persian, by 'Ali b. Ibrihim al-Husayni al-Siwiji,

MS: Gulpiyigini 570 ( c a t . , 11, p . 86) ; ( 2 ) Persian, by Abu 'Tilib b . 'ABD ALLAH SHUBBAR - 'Abd Allah b . Muhammad ~ i g i a l -~usayn i 'Abd al-Muttalib al-JJusayni al-HamadZni ( d . 1266), edited Tehran,

al-Kizimi ( d . 1242):

- RisZIo f; 'I-tahZro wa 'ikgolZt MS: Raoawi 2747 (ca t . , V, p.442)

- Zubdat 01-do171 = o/-Wo,7ra - Siriit 01-nojZt, Persian, compiled by Muhammad 'Ali a l - ~ a z d i

MSS: Mar'ashi 339'7 (ca t . , I X , pp.182-3); Rasht zr (cat . , p.1132) Edition: Tehran, 1319 and others Selected MSS: yujjatiyya 619 (cat . , p. 19); GulpiyigEni 1588 ( ca t . ,

ABMAD A L - N A R ~ Q ~ : Translation: Arabic, MS: Amir a l -~u 'minin (AB, XV, pp.38-9)

WasTlat a/-najzt, Persian, on acts of devotion - RisZila-yi 'amaiiyya, Persian, complied by 'Ali b . Muhammad al-Tustari MSS: SipahsilZr 1924 (ca t . , I , p . 554); Marcashi 2918 ( ca t . , ~ 1 1 1 ,

100 A N INTRODUCTION TO S ~ f ' f LAW

MS: Gawharshid 1099 (ea t . , p.123)

IJASAN B. ' A L ~ A L - B U S A Y N ~ ( d . after 1268):

Hidiiyot al-tiilibiii , Persian, on prayer MS: Mar'ashi 740 (cat . , 11, p.341)

MUWAMMAD B. MAHDf AL-ASHRAFT AL-MAZANDARANT ( d . 1315):

Sha 'Z'ir al-lsliim = Su 'ZI wo iowzb, Persian Edition: Tehran, 1312

AL-YAZDT :

Alk'Urwo a/-wuthqii - see above, section A. It is the most popular Arabic collection of fatwZs among later Shi ' i jurists up to the present time, on which most of them wrote marginal glosses when their opinions differed from those stated in this work. Translation: 01-GhZya al-qu$wii, Persian, by 'AbbZs b . Mubanmad Ri@i al-Qummi ( d . 13591, edited Baghdad and Tabriz , 1330-6

ABU 'L-WASAN AL-ISFAHXNI: WasTlot 01-nojiit - see above, section A

AL-BUR~JIRDT - uusayn b . 'Ali a1-Tabitabi'i (d . 1380):

T a w 0 al-masii'il, Persian, now the most popular Persian collection of fatwiis, on which most contemporary Sh i ' i jurists have written marg glooses. Many different versions of this work have appeared, reflec the slightly varying opinions of different jurists. Editions: Tehran, 1337 and others

A L - ~ A K ~ M :

Minhiij 01-$ZlibTn Editions: Najaf, 1372 and others

A L - K H U M A Y N ~ :

TabrTr ol-WosTla - see above, section A.

C

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

A L - M U F ~ D :

- A I k ' A wT7 fi 'I-fiqh MSS: ~ a r ' a s h i 243112, 255117, 78111, 369412 ( ca t . , I , pp.93, 269, 285, X, p.92); Dinishgih 696318, 104511, 717719 (ca t . , V, pp.1947-8, XVI, pp.413, 475); Princeton 139912 New Series; Waziri (Nosh., IV, p.397); GawharshZd 109011 ( ca t . , p.353); Majlis 8120 Khu'i (ea t . ,

VII, p . 196); GuIpZyigZni 2248/2 (eat . , 111, p.208); Khiligi (ca t . , p.281) Abridgement: anonymous, MS : Majlis 4900 (ca t . , XIV, p. 96) Translation: Persian, by Abu '1-~Zsim b . Muhammad KiGim a l - ~ u s ~ y ~ i a l -~ i i s awi , MS: DZnishgih 441911 (ca t . , XIII , p.3391)

MISCELLANEOUS WORKS 101

A/-l'liim f l mii ittofoqot 'aloyh ol-lmijmiyyo min al-abkiim mimmii ittofoqat nl-'Ammo 'a15 khilrffihim fTh -. Edition: Najaf, 1372 MSS: DinishgZh 147613 (ca t . , VIII, p .128) ; sahib al-Dhari'a (cat. of microfilms of DZnishgih, I , p . 676)

Al-Masii'il al-NoysZbibrjriyyo MS: Mar'ashi (AB, V, p.240)

Al-masii'jl allot7 so'olohii ol-shoykh AbG Jo'far ol-Tiis? MS: Majlis 564313 (ca t . , XVII, p.97)

Jawiibiit 01-mosii'il al-Mow~iliyyo MSS: Ragawi 144814-5 (ca t . , 11, p.38); Majlis 281912-3 (cat . , X, pp. 126-31); Khilisi (cat . , p.288); uakim 438 (ca t . , 1, p.32); Sibib al-Dhari'a' (cat. of microfilms of DZnishgih, I , p . 574)

. . . . - . , , -Dhari 'a (cat. of microfiims of ~ i < i s h ~ Z h , I , p . 574)

Tmnslation: Persian, bv M . H .B. Kiihsurkhi , edited Mashhad, 1389 (in NrSmo-yi fitiini-i ~ u & s , XXXI, pp.36-57)

jowzbCt mos6'il ol-shorTf Abi 'I-uusoyn ol-Mubosson b. Mubarnmod b. ol-Niizir ol-HosonT 01-Ross? = a/-Mosii'il ol-Rossiyyiit MSS: Radawi 2646 (cat . , 11, p.134); SipahsZlir 253312 (ca t . , V, p.562); Khilisi (cat . , p.288); Majlis 518715 (ca t . , XVI, p .7) ; DZnishgZh 6914110 (ca t . , XVI, p.398); Sahib al-Dhari'a (cat. of microfilms of DZnishgZh, I , p . 574); uakim (Nosh., V, p . 427)

Jowiibiit al-mosij'il ol-Riiziyyiit MSS: DinishgZh 231914 (eat . , IX, 13.949); RaQawi 2429 (ca t . , 11, p . 67); Kbiligi ( ( ca t . , p . 288); SZhib al-Dhari'a (cat. of microfilms of DinishgZh, I , p.574); IJakim 438 (ca t . , I , p.31); Mar'ashi 369415 (cat . , X, p.93)

Jowiibiit a/-mosii'il olTobbiiniyyiit MSS: Radawi 144811 (cat. , 11, p.37); KhZlisi (ca t . , p.288); SZbib al-Dhari'a (cat. of microfilms of DinishgZh, I , p . 574); ljakim 436 (ca t . , I , p.30)

Jowiibiir a/-mosii'il olToriibulusiyyiit MSS: SipahsZlZr 253318 (ca t . , V, p.560); Majlis 518718 + 13 (cat . , XVI, pp. 8-11); DZnishgZh 6166, 6914122 (ca t . , XVI, pp.311, 398-9); KhZlisi (ca t . , p . 289); $ipib al-Dhari'a (eat. of microfilms of Dinishgih, I , p.574); Wakim 438 (ca t . , I , pp.31-2)

. . . -. . - , -. . . . - - . -. . , , MS: DZnishgZh 108015 (ca t . , 111, pp.612-13) Translation: Persian, by Muhammad SZdiq al-Sirkini, MS: WaZiri (cat. of microfilms of Dinishgih , I , p . 703)

Shotiit ol-fowii'id wa 'I-masii'il, including: (a) ol-hlasci'il a/-NTliyyiit (b ) ol-Mosii'il ol-Romliyyiit (c) 01-Mosii'iI a/-Wiisitivviit . , -,, and some others of his scattered writings MSS: Berlin Pet . 4 O (cat . , IV, pp.347-8); Princeton 2751 Yahuda (cat . , 137); Majlis 5187111 (ca t . , XVI, p.10); SipahsilZr 252411 (Cat., V,

102 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHi ' i LAW MISCELLANEOUS WORKS 103

p p . 5 5 7 - 9 ) ; Rar)awi 1448 ( c a t . , 11, p . 6 6 ) ; Sibib al-Dhari 'a (AB, X Mubarnmad al-NiIi , a scholar of the same period, see Afandi , V, p . 338; p . 2 2 2 ) ; uakim 432 ( c a t . , I , p . 3 3 ) ; K i s h i n , 'Atifi (Nosh. , XI-XII, AghZ Buzurg , XXIV, p p . 125-6) pp. 953-4) Edition: Tehran , 1318; Najaf, 1386

- Two o ther collections of al-Sharif al-Murtar)irs answers to various Selected MSS: Bengal 624 ( c a t . , I , p . 3 0 8 ) ; K i s h i n , Rar)awi 237 ( c a t . , p . 4 4 ) ; Majlis 8148, 2766 ( c a t . , IX, p . 1 7 5 ) ; Princeton 2321 Yahuda

legal and theological questions MS: Din i shg ih 108016-7 ( c a t . , 11, p . 6 1 3 ) (cat . , p . 1 3 7 ) ; Mar'ashi 683, 1129, 1771 , 279613 ( c a t . , 11, p . 2 7 7 ,

111, p . 3 0 2 , V, p . 1 5 1 , VII, p . 3 6 2 ) ; GulpiyigZni 104313 ( c a t . , 11,

ABO YA'LA - Mu4ammad b . Ijasan b . IJamza al-Ja'firi ( d . 463): p . 2 2 2 ) ; DZnishgih 7128 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 4 6 1 ) ; Waziri 11015 ( c a t . , I ,

MasC'il mutaforriqa MS: Majlis 8128 Khu ' i ( c a t . , VII, p . 3 5 2 )

AL-SHAYKH: A jwibat 01-masC'il al-Muhannz'iyyo Edition: Qum, 1401

AI-MasC'il a/-YC'iriyyot Selected MSS: DZnishgZh 102211, 147414, 214413, 247716, 239611, MSS: Amir al-Mu'minin (JJujjati, p . 6 6 3 ) ; Mar'ashi 151913 ( c a t . , IV, 6710159 (ca:. , V, pp .2021-5 , VIII, p . 1 2 6 , IX, p p . 8 2 0 , 1245, XV, p . 320) p . 4 2 3 7 , XVI, p . 3 4 2 ) ; Radawi 2822, 2330-2, 2727, 2799 ( c a t . , 11, p .

36, V, p p . 396-8); Majlis 4566, 5192 ( c a t . , XII, p p . 259-60, XVI, pp. A L - R ~ W A N D ~ : 18-20); GulpiyigZni 1751 ( c a t . , 111, p . 4 5 ) ; Malik 2510 ( c a t . , 1,

p . 6 6 7 ) ; Ijuqiiq 1012d ( c a t . , p . 4 5 9 ) ; I l ih iyy i t 24614d ( c a t . , I , p . 2 6 6 ) ; MasF'il, Persian Mar'ashi 1409 ( c a t . , IV, p p . 1 8 7 - 9 ) ; Nawwab 213 law ( c a t . , p . 4 7 5 ) ; Edition: Tehran , 1374 (in Farhang-i Iran zomTn, 111, p p .263-7) India Office 1797 ( c a t . , 11, p . 3 0 9 ) ; Princeton 96011 New Series

IBN SHANRASHOB: A jwibat masZ'il Ibn Zuhra

MutoshFbih a/-Qur'Cn wa mukhtolifuh MSS: DZnishgZh 147413, 3514117 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 1 2 5 , XII, p .26526) ;

Edition: Tehran , 1369 Vakirn 548 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 8 ) ; IJuqiiq 17811j ( c a t . , p . 4 6 0 )

MS: Majlis 5440 ( c a t . , XVII, p . 3 2 5 ) Ajwibat 01-mas6'il a/-fiqhiyya MSS: Majlis 564312 ( c a t . , XVII, p . 9 7 ) ; DinishgZh 262115 ( c a t . , IX,

IBN IDRTS:

Masci'il f7 ob'Ziq' al-fiqh wa jawCbFtuhC MS: f-lakim 570 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 8 )

' Iqd al-jowChir fi 'I-ashbzh wa ' I -na~o ' i r AL-MUWAQQIQ: MS: Mar'ashi 6711 ( c a t . , I , pp .77-80)

- Al-'lzziyya MSS: Us t id i ( c a t . , p . 6 9 ) ; Majlis 1307 ( c a t . , IV, p . 9 2 ) ; Dinishgah KHR AL-MUIJAQQIQ~N:

147411 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 124) ; KhXliS ( c a t . , p , 2 8 9 ) ; Burii j irdi ( c a t . , Al-MasC'il a/-TimuliyyCt p . 3 7 ) ; Raaawi 205 (Binish, p . 9 1 5 ) MSS: DZnishgih 101212, 214412 ( c a t . , V, pp .2015-17 , IX, p . 8 2 0 )

- A/-MasE'il a/-BaghdCdiyyo MosE'il ba'p' a/-ajillo MSS: Raaawi 2655 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 3 7 ) ; Majlis 2761113 ( c a t . , IX, p p . MSS: DXnishgih 147415 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 1 2 7 ) ; Mar'ashi 45711 ( c a t . , 162-3) ; Khiligi ( c a t . , p . 289) ; Masjid-i A'zarn 4377

- A/-MosZ'il al-KomCliyyo MosC'il b a ' j a/-fup'alC' MS: Malik 1626111 (Danishpazhiih, p p .3-4) MS: I l ih iyy i t 10615d ( c a t . , I , p. 235)

- Al-Maso'il a/-Khwiiriyycit = a/-Masz'il a/-Tabariyyo Al-MasE'il 01-fiqhiyya MSS: Din i shg ih 592311, 231915 ( c a t . , IX, p . 4 9 4 , XVI, p . 1 5 4 ) ; Milli MSS: DZnishgih 1804, 539613, 5237 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 3 8 0 , XV, p p . 4 1 7 2 , 1943110 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 6 2 0 ) 4237) ; Ijakim 548 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 8 )

- Al-MasE'il ol-Mizriyya Al-MosC'il 01-MacChiriyya, compiled by Zayn al-Din 'Ali b . Basan b . MSS: Rar)awi 2654 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 3 7 ) ; Majlis 1307, 2761112 ( c a t . , IV, Mazihir al-IJilli ( d . af ter 786) p . 9 2 , IX, pp. 161-2) ; DinishgZh 592312, 147412 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 1 2 4 , MS: Din i shg ih 119211 ( c a t . , VI, p . 2 3 4 1 ) XVI, p . 1 5 4 ) ; Khiligi ( c a t . , p . 289) ; Masjid-i A'zam 4377 Al-MasF'il 01-NFsiriyyFt

- A/-Mustalo~Zt 01-fiqhiyya MS: Malik 649 ( c a t . , I , p . 6 6 7 ) MS: Din i shg ih 73871101 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 5 3 4 )

BN NAJM A L - D ~ N - JJasan d. Ayyiib al-Atriwi al-'Amill (mid-8th YAJJYA B . SA'TD:

Nuzhat a/-ni2ir (also a t t r ibuted to Muhadhdhab al-Din JJusayn b . MosE'il Ibn Najm MS: Tehran , R io i Zanjini (AB, XX, pp .333-4)

104 AN INTRODUCTION TO s ~ i ' i LAW MISCELLANEOUS WORKS 105

AL-SHAHID AL-AWWAL: Malik 1302 (ca t . , I , p . 176); (ii) MS: Qakim 1697 ( c a t . , I , ) ; (iii) MS: Gulpiyigini 827 (ca t . , 11, p .8) ; ( iv) ~ s : s i p a h s i l i r

- ~ j ~ j b ~ t a/-mosii ' i l 01-fiqhiyyo, compiled by his son ca t . , I , p.409, V, p.561); ( v ) MS: same library 117611 ( ca t . , MSS: Raaawi 2369-70, 2351 (cat. , 11, p.39) pp.285-6); (vi) Dinishgih 696316 (ca t . , XVI, p.413); (vii) MS:

- Ajwibot rnasii'il a/-Miqdiid b . ' A b d All i ih 01-SuyGri library 717717 ( ibid. , XVI, p.475); (viii) MS: same library

MSS: Raaawi 421, 7210 ( ca t . , 11, p.130, V, P.355) 198 (ca t . , XVI, p.534)

- Ajwibot mosii' i l Mubornmod b . Muji ihid : Astina 584412 (ca t . , p.219) MS: gakim 742 (ca t . , I , p.29)

-Mosmiiro, Persian, his answers to legal questions compiled by Shams - Arba ' mosii' i l f iqh iyyo Din Mubarnmad Mitqilbif

MS: Dinishgih 2711 (ca t . , X, P. 1591) : Najaf, Madrasat al-Sayyid CAB, XXI, p.25)

IBN FAHD: A H ~ D AL-THANT :

- Ajwibot ol-rnosii'il a / - f iqh iyyo A jwibot m a ~ i i ' i l uusayn b . RobT'o a/-ModonT MS: BZqiriyya (AB, XII, p.242) MS: Majlis 519216 ( c a t . , XVI, p.21)

- A/-Masii' i l 01-bobriyyo MSS: Raaawi 2632 (ca t . , 11, p.130); Majlis 4566115 (ca t . , XII, p .2 Ajwibot masii' i l l b n For r i i j

MS: Majlis 519215 (ca t . , XVI, p.-21) - A/-Mosi i3 i / 01-Shiimiyyo = Masii ' i l so'olohii 01-shaykh ?ohTr 01-DTn b . Ajwibat a/-masii ' i l 01-Miizibiyyo

01-uusiirn 01-'ZimilT MSS: Majlis 4566114 (ca t . , XII, p . 265); DZnishgih 696317 (ca t . , X MS: Ijuqiiq 22815j (ca t . , p.231); Raaawi 160 law (ca t . , 11, p.48);

~ a r ' a s h i 125913 (ca t . , IV, p.60) p.413)

Ajwibot a/-rnosii'il a/-Nojofiyya - A/-Lawiimi'

MSS: Raaawi 2633, 2637, 6537 (ca t . , 11, pp.130-1, V, p.487); M MS: Raaawi 724511 (ca t . , V, pp.496-7)

4566116 (cat . , XII, pp.265); ZanjZni 2313 (ca t . , p.198) A jwibat a/-mosii' i l 01-Shiirniyyo MS: Raoawi 724512 (ca t . , V, p.497)

M U F L I ~ AL-SAYMART: A jwibat rnasii'il Shukr b . uomdiin Al-TonbTh 'a l i i ghor i i ' ib man l i i yahp'uruh a/ - foq ih MS: DZnishgih 3414122 ( c a t . , XII, p.2527)

MS: Majlis 2761111 (ca t . , IX, p.161) A jwibot masii' i l a/-soyyid Shorof a/-DTn a/-SomiikT MSS: Dinishgih 209915 (ca t . , VIII, p.727); guqiiq 28814j (ca t . ,

A L - K A R A K ~ : p.231); Raaawi 159 law (ca t . , 11, p.48); 'Abd al-'Aqim 235 (ca t . , - A jwibot ol-rnosii'il 01-fiqhiyyo, compiled by Fadl Allih al-gusayni al- p.445); Bengal (ca t . , I , p.320); Qakim (AB, XX, pp.6-7)

Astar ibidi MSS: DZnishgZh 2144143 (cat . , IX, p.829); Majlis 4566117, 534013

Fawii ' id mutoforr iqa MS: Raaawi 2897 (ca t . , V, p.469)

(ca t . , XII, p.266, XVI, p.252); Sipahsilir 604113 (ca t . , IV, p.110 Ustidi (ca t . , p.68); Raaawi 677 (Binish, p.847) MajrnTi'ot o l - iEd i i t = a/ -Ros i i ' i l , a collection of 1 2 treatises of which 8 Translation: by Mubarnmad gidiq al-Sirkini , MS: Waziri (cat . of are legal (see below, chapter 6)

microfilms of DZnishgZh, I , p ;702) Edition: Tehran, 1313 Selected MSS: Majlis 265, 447118, 535413 (ca t . , XII, p.146, XVI,

- A jwibot a/-rnosii'il a / - f iqh iyya MSS: Raaawi 2333-4 (ca t . , 11, pp.36-7); Dinishgih 696314-5 (ca t . ,

p .265); Quqiiq 228j (ca t . , pp.232, 285, 311, 328, 330, 401, 492); Raaawi 2364-8 (ca t . , 11, pp.47-8, 141-2); Dinishgih 2099, 320518,

XVI, p.412); Tustariyya (AB, XII, p.247) 625511, 7203 ( c a t . , VII, pp.272-8, XI, p.2163, XVI, pp.228, 486); - A jwibot a/-rnosii'il 01-Saymariyyo Zanjin (cat . , pp. 140-1) ; Dir al-Kutub 19179b, 3326j (cat . , I ,

MS: Shir izi (AB, 11, p.89, V, p.204) pp.278, 381, 388, 391); Los Angeles M120, MI69 (ca t . , p.667); - Ajwibat mosii' i l worodot fT Mubarram sono 929 ' on a/-siido a/-'ularnii'

Tustariyya 140 (ca t . , pp 835-6); Baku MI40141 (Nosh . , IX, p.242): Bakim 1656m; 'Abd al- 'A~im 235 (ca t . , p.445); Mar'ashi 1777, 2362,

MS: DZnishgih 87211 (cat. , V, p . 1807) 44417 ( c a t . , 11, p.49, V, pp . 157-8, VI, p.346); Gulpiyigini 175115 - Ajwibot masii' i l mawliinii Yiisuf a/-MiizandariinT c a t . I , 4 1 Masjid-i A'zam 45111

MS: SipahsZlZr 604112 (ca t . , V, p.120) Mosii'i l a/-tilrnTdh - Ajwibot a/-rnasii'il a / - f iqh iyyo, compiled by 'Ali b . Abi '1-FatQ al- MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XX, p.341)

Mazra'i alk'xmili Edition; Sidon, 1348-9 (in al-Amin al-'Amilii's Ma'i idin a/- jawi ih ir , I ,

Al-Mukh t i i r min rnowiiq'i' 01-khiliif f7 mosii'i l k i t i ib a/-Lum'a a/-Dimoshqiyyo

pp. 345-51) MS: Bengal 640 (ca t . , I , p.316) - Ajwibot a/-rnosii'il a / - f iqh iyya, answers to different legal questions: Al-TonbTh 'o l i i rnosii'il idda ' i i F h i i a/-Shoykh a/-Tiis7 a/-ijmii' mo'o

106 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

onnah nofsoh khZlof ,f7 bukrn rnZ i dda 'Z a/-ijmZ' fib = Risi i lo IT ijrn?'? S h a y k h 01-Tci'ifa Editions: Tehran, 1308 (together with al-Shahid al-Awwal's 01-Alf iyy A / - l 'p'iilcit o l ' o w r ~ i i t

Mashhad, 1392 (in the collection of 01-Dhikr? o l -a l f i yyo l i ' I -Shoykh MS: Fayaiyya 141513 (ca t . , 111, p.90)

a/-TCsT, pp.789-98) A / - l t h n i i ' o s h o r i y y a = ' U y C n 01-mos?'il 01-f iqhiyyo MSS: Gulpiyigini 1484 (ca t . , 11, p.45); DinishgZh 636913 (ca t . , MSS: Princeton 23213 New Series; Dinishgih 859, 183718 (ca t . , V, XVI, p.253); IlihiyyZt 56113 (ca t . , I , pp.328-9); Amir al-Mu'rninin pp.1760-1, ,VIII, p.434); JJuqiiq 1013d (ca t . , pp.230-1); Isfahin, 358 ( N o s h . , V, p.414) Madrasa-yi Sadr ( N o s h . , V, p ,312); Tiflis 69919 (ibid., VIII, p . 260)

F ~ U S A Y N B . 'ABD AL-SAMAD B . SHAMS AL-DTN MUVAMMAD A L - H ~ R I T UVAMMAD TAQT B. ABI 'L-JJASAN AL-IjUSAYNf A L - A S T A R A B A D ~ A L - ' A M I L ~ ( d . 984): (mid-11th century):

- Mosa 'o latZn Muni;qashZt f i q h i y y o MSS: Mar'ashi 74412 (ca t . , 11, p.345); Milli 194313 Arabic (ca t . , X MS: Raaawi 2647 (ca t . , 11, p . 135) pp. 616-17); Gulpiyigini 4813 (ca t . , I , p.58); Majlis 1836112 (cat IX, pp.489-91) ULTAN A L ' U L A M A ' :

- Moso' i l f i q h i y y o MS: SipahsilZr 233311 (ca t . , I , p.409, V, p . 561) MS: Mar'ashi 303811 (ca t . , VIII, p p . 238-9)

- A l -Tus i i ' i y yo = Tis ' rnosi i ' i l MSS: Majlis 1805153, 4900148, 596013 (ca t . , IX, p.356, XIV, p.74, XVII, pp. 344-5); Princeton 53813 Yahuda (ca t . , p . 149) A jwiba-y i rnasZ3iI-i f i q h r , Persian, compiled by Kalb 'Ali al-Buriijirdi

MS: Milli 258212f (ca t . , VI, p.112) SAHIB AL-MA'ALIM:

A jwibot rnasz' i l Mubornmod b . Juwaybar al-MadonT = al-Mos?'il o l - AFT e AL-DTN AL-NA'INY:

Madon iyy i i t A jw ibo-y i rnosZ'il-i f i q h r , Persian, compiled by Mahdi b . Riai MSS: uakim 90311 (ca t . , I , p.165); DinishgZh 731216 (ca t . , XVI, p . 510) ; Malik 1049 MS: Raaawi 2772 (ca t . , V, p.355)

'ABD ALLAH AL-TUSTARf: USAYN AL-KHWANSART:

A/ -Rosz ' i l , a collection ofaround 20 treatises on various legal topics A jw iba t 01-rnasZ'i1, a collection of answers given by this scholar and his (see below, chapter 6) two sons, Raai al-Din and Jamil al-Din, to various legal and theolog- MSS: Radawi 7055 (Binish, p.982); Najaf, Shari'at (AB, V, pp. 243 ical questions 245, 302, XI, pp.47, 64, 149, 155, 156, 157, XV, p.175, XVI, p.55, MS: Raaawi 2644 ( c a t . , 11, p.133) XVIII, pp.84, 88, 103, XXIV, p.105, XXV, p.110)

L-SHTRWANT - Mubamrnad b . Basan, Mull5 Mirzi ( d . 1098): BAHA' AL-DTN AL-'AMILT:

A jwibo-y i rnosZ'il-i f i q h r , Persian - A jw ibo t rnosci'il 01-Shoykh Jzb i r MS: Fayoiyya 1665 ( c a t . , 111, p . 113); Dinishgih 7008 (ca t . , XVI,

MS: Dinishgih 262116 (ca t . , IX, p.1497)

- Ajwiba t rnas?'il 01-shaykh SFlib b . Hason 01-Jori i ' i rT MSS: Dinishgih 431613, 113017, 359819, 587316 ( ca t . , V, pp.1797-8, L-MAJLIS~ 11:

XIII, p . 3279, XV, p.4241, XVI, p . 117); Bakirn 1817 Rashti ( c a t . , A jwibot rnosc'il a/-Mow15 Mojd 01-DTn o l T u s t o r T p. 39); Majlis 519217 (ca t . , XVI, p . 22); Adahiyyit 120111 Ffikmat MS: Princeton 388 New Series (fols. 49a-51b) (ca t . , p .42); Sini 124516 (ca t . , 11, p.181); Mar'ashi 169113 (ca t . , V, p.86); SipahsilZr 451014 ( ca t . , 11, p.277); Zanjin (ca t . , p.89) A y i i d i Sob?, Persian, compiled by Mubarnmad Ja'far b . Mubarnmad

Translation: Persian, by MuPammad SZdiq al-Sirkini , MS: Waziri TZhir al-Khabiishini

(cat . of microfilms of DXnishgih, I , pp. 702, 705) MS: Mar'ashi 60214 (ca t . , 11, p.196)

- JowZb-i rnos?'il-i ShZh 'AbbZs , Persian JawZb-i rnosi i ' i l - i Khur i i s i in , Persian, compiled by Barnid b . Mubarnmad

MS: Sipahsilir 815013 (ca t . , 111, P.276); Danishgih 7013111 (ca t . , Budali ' al-Ffusayni

XVI , p . 429) ; Milli (cat . of microfilms of Dinishgih, 11, p ,266) MS: Dinishgih 591414 (ca t . , XVI, p.150)

- Ai-Maso' i l o l - f i qh i yyo Jowiib-i rnos?'il-i rnrrz? s o y y i d ' A i r , Persian, compiled by @mid b .

MS: Majlis 2761110 (ca t . , IX, pp . 160-1) Muhammad Budali ' al-JJusayni MS: DinishgZh 591415 (ca t . , XVI, p.150)

Hidzyo t 01-ikhwcn , Persian MS: Fayaiyya 174711 (ca t . , 111, p.128)

108 AN INTRODUCTION TO ~ ~ 7 ' 7 LAW MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

- Majmii'a-yi su '51 wa jawZb, Persian, compiled by Mubarnmad Kicim A/-MasZ'il a/-Mu~ammadiyya al-Sabzawiri MS: Radawi 6935 (ca t . , V, pp.499-500) MS: Gulpiyigini 53614 (ca t . , 11, pp. 198-9)

Al-MasZ'il ol-Nii$iriyya - Majmu'a-yi su'Zil wa jawZb,Persian, different from above

MS: Mar'ashi 2530 ( c a t . , VII, p . 117) MS: Berlin Pm. 505128 (ca t . , 111, p.315)

Al-Nafha a/-'onbariyya f i jawZbZt a/-masZ'il 01-Tustariyyo - A/-MosZ'il 01-Hindiyya Edition: Igfahin, 1403 (in M . Mahdawi's ZindigTnZma-yi 'A11Zima-yi MS: Tustariyya 633110 (ca t . , p . 870)

MajlisTl Al-Risiila a/-FahliyZniyya = JawZbZt masZ'il a/-sayyid AbT TZlib MS: Ustidi (ca t . , p.35) MS: Berlin Pm. 50515 (ca t . , IV, p.361)

- Nagm a / - I a ' X , Persian, compiled by Mul?ammad b . Abmad al-gusayni Al-Risiilo 01-sayfiyyo F jawiibZt ol-masZ'il 01-DashtastZniyya al-Lihijini MS: Berlin Pm. 505123 (ca t . , 111, p.314) MSS: Milli 2011f (ca t . , V, pp. 11-12); Majlis 6895 (fols. 46a-69a); Mas'alot 01-shaykh 'Abd Alliih b , a/-shaykh Faraj Gawharshid 614 (ca t . , p . 132); Mar'ashi 2535 (cat. , VII, p . 120) MS: Berlin Pm. 505111 (ca t . , 111, p.323)

- Su'Zl wa jawZbi-i f iqhr , Persian MS: DXnishgSh 591416 (ca t . , XVI, p.150) L-FAPIL AL- HIND^ :

AIjMAD B. IBRAHTM A L - B A ~ R A N T (d . 1132): A/-IbtiyZtiit 01-fiqhiyya MS: Tustariyya (AB, XI, ~ p . 3 4 ~ 5 , XV, p.348)

- Ajwibat masZ'il 01-sayyid Yoby5 b. al-soyyid Vusayn a/-AbsZ'T MS: Princeton 229119 Yahuda (ca t . , p.139) ABD ALLAH B. NOR AL-DIN A L - J A Z A ' I R ~ (d . 1173):

- Ajwibat mosZ'ii al-shaykh 'Abd 01-lmiim a/-AbsF'T Al-An wZr a/-jaliyya f i ojwibat al-masii'il 01-Jabaliyya 01-iilZ MS: Princeton 229121 Yahuda (ca t . , p.139) MSS: DinishgSh 69112 (ca t . , VI, p.2144); Gharb 1007614 (cat . ,

13.433); uakim 69 (ca t . , I , p.76); Tustariyya 284 (ca t . , p.848) - Ajwibat masF'il 01-shaykh 'AT b. LuJf AllZh 01-BabriinT MS: Princeton 229117 Yahuda (ca t . , p.139) Al-DhakhTra a/-abadiyya ajwibat 01-masii'il a/-Ahmadiyya

MSS: Tustariyya (AB, X , p.12); gusayniyyat IGshif al-Chit;' 1 4 - Ajwibat maso'il 01-shaykh Nii$ir b . Muhammad a/-KhafJT a/-JZririidT

MS: Princeton 229116 Yahuda (ca t . , p.139) - Al-DhakhTra a/-bZqiyo F ajwibat 01-masZ'il a/-Jabaliyya a/-thZniya

AL-SAMAHPJT: MSS: Dinishgsh 69113 (ca t . , VI, p.2226); Sipahsilir 451015 (ca t . , IV, p.550); Tustariyya 29013, 42112 (ca t . , pp.849, 860) - Ajwibat masii'il 01-sayyid 'Abd Alliih b. a/-soyyid 'AlawT 'Atiq

01-Vusayn - A/-Maqiisid a/-'aliyya fT jawZbiit a/-masZ'il a/-'Alawiyya MSS: Berlin Pm. 50518 (ca t . , 111, p.315); Tustariyya 63319 (ca t . , MSS: SipahsilSr 451011 ( ca t . , V, p.631); Tustariyya 29011 (ca t . , p . 870) ; London, Ismi'ili Institute 631 p.849); Shirizi (AB, XXI, p.382)

- A jwibat masZ'il 01-shaykh SulaymZn AL-KHWAJO'~ - MuPammad IsmX'il b . Mubarnmad Qusayn al-Isfahini MS: Berlin Pm. 505115 (ca t . , 111, p.323)

- Ai-Fiikiha ol-Kii?imiyya A jwibat a/-masii'il MS: Tustariyya (AB, XVI, p.97) MS: Mareashi 198614 (ca t . , V, p.359)

- Val1 01-'uqiid Al-RasZ'il, a collection of around 20 treatises on various legal and theo- MS: Berlin Pm. 505125 (ca t . , IV, p.211) logical questions (see below, chapter 6)

- Hidiiyat 01-sZ'il MSS: Los Angeles M95, MI20 (ca t . , pp.562, 666); Mashhad, MS: KSshSni 164 (ca t . , p.296) Adabiyyit 25 FayyXd (ca t . , pp. 210-14)

- Al-Lum'a 01-jaliyya f i tabqTq 01-masZ'il 01-Ismii'TIiyya MSS: Berlin Pm. 505124 ( ca t . , 111, p.314); Tustariyya 633112 (ca t . ,

$%QIB A L - ~ A D A ' I Q : p.871); Buriijirdi (AB, XVIII, p.350) - Ajwibot a/-masii'il 01-fiqhiyya

MSS: Mar'ashi 345013 (ca t . , IX, p . 242); Gulpiyigini 224811 (ca t . , - Al-Masii'il 01-Bihbahiiniyya 111, p.208); Las Angeles MI0614 (ca t . , p.664)

MS: Berlin Pm. 505118 (ca t . , 111, p.491) - A jwibat 01-masii'il al-thaliith

- Al-Masa'il 01-~usayniyya MS: Mareashi 345012 (ca t . , IX, p.241) MSS: Radawi 6981 (ca t . , V, p.499); Los Angeles MI0611 (ca t . , p.66

- A jwibat a/-masii'il - A/-MasZ'il al-Kiiziriiniyya MS: SipahsSlir 735112 (ca t . , 111, pp.275-6)

MS: Berlin Pm 505126 (ca t . , 111, p.315) - Al-Anwiir a/-VTriyya

MS: Radawi 6992 (ca t . , V, pp.367-9)

110 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW MISCELLANEOUS WORKS 111

- A l - D u r a r a / -No jo f i yyo Edition: Tehran, 1319 (together with his GhonZ ' im 01-oyyzm)

Editions: Tehran, 1307, 1314 MSS: 'Abd al-'Avim 407 (ca t . , p.465); Mar'ashi 3423 (ca t . , IX, N TAWQ A L - B A B R A N ~ - Abmad b . Silih, (mid-13th century): pp. 209-10) A jwibot masZ' i l 01-soyyid Husoyn

- A/-Lo'= a/-zowSihir MS: Mar'aslli 2358113 ( c a t . , VI, p.338) MS: Majlis 585211 (ca t . , XVII, pp.262-3) A jwibot m o s ~ ' i 1 01-shoykh Muhammad 01-DorozT

- Al-MosZ' i l 01-BihbohZniyya = A jw ibo t masSi'i1 a / - soyy id ' A b d A l lZh b . MS: Mar'ashi 235817 (ca t . , VI, p.336) a / - soyy id 'A lowT 01-BilZidT MS: Mar'ashi 345011 (ca t . , IX, p.241)

Su 'Z l wo jawZb, Persian AL-BIHBAHANi : MS: Mar'ashi 71512 (ca t . , 11, p.310) - A jw ibo t a / -masZ ' i l , Persian, compiled by MuPammad Basan b . 'Abd

al-Wahhib al-Khurisini BMAD AL-NARAQT : MS: Dinishgih 1622 (cat . , VIII, p . 208) RosZ' i l wo mos i j ' i l , Persian and Arabic

- Su 'Z l wo jowl ib, Persian, compiled by Muhammad b . 'Abd Allih al- MS: Gulpiyigini 1682 (ca t . , 11, p.84, 111, p.15) Uusayni al-Qummi MSS: Buqiiq 10811j (ca t . , pp.349-50) 'ALT B . JA'FAR AL KLSHIF AL-GI-IITA' ( d . 1254):

A l -Toq rT rZ t , his lectures compiled by some of his pupils A L - K I R M A N S H A H ~ : MSS: Malik 2992 (ca t . , I , p.227); Gharb, 3 MSS (ca t . , p.77)

MoqZrni' 01-fadl , Persian Edition: Tehran, 1275, 1316 MUUAMMAD JA'FAR B . M U ~ A M M A D 'ALI AL-KIRMANSHAHT (d . 1254): Selected MSS: Dinishgih 6756 (ca t . , XVI, p . 354); JJuqiiq 108j (ca t . , Tub fa t 01-obr l i r , Persian pp.203-4); Ilihiyyit 30b (ca t . , I , p.409); Milli 2338f ( c a t . , V, p . MS: RaQawi 6997 (ca t . , V, p . 377) 457); Mar'ashi 3003, 3165 ( ca t . , VIII, pp. 177-8, 394); Masjid-i A'zam 613 MUWAMMAD M A H D ~ B . MUBAMMAD SHAFT' A L - A S T A R A B A D ~ (d . 1259):

~ A ~ I B AL-RIYAP: Nojm 01-mu'min , Persian MS: Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 111811 (ca t . , 11, p.250)

S u 'Z l wo jowZb, Persian MS: Milli 291113f (ca t . , VI, p.630)

AL-QUMMT: Su'Eil wa jowZb, Persian, compiled by MuPammad Ibrihim b . Abi '1-JJasan al-MGsawi

- Jlimi' a / - s h a t r t , Persian and Arabic Edition: Igfahin, 1248 (Vol. 1) Editions: a selected version of it has been edited Tehran, 1277, 1303, Selected MSS: Sipahsilir 2357, 2361 (ca t . , I , pp ,424-5); Gawh'drshid 1324 414, 1401 (ca t . , p.131); Mareashi 2542 (ca t . , VII, p . 125); Selected MSS: Dinishgih 182711-3, 1682, 763713 (ca t . , VIII, pp. 242, Gulpiyigini 435, 877 (ca t . , 11, p.102); uujjatiyya 92-3, 2 1 1 (ca t . , 424, XVI, p . 661); Sipahsilir 2350, 2358-63 (ca t . , I , pp.427-9); p.17); Zanjini 145 ( ca t . , p.257); Saryazdi 134 (ca t . , p.422); Astina 6418 (ca t . , p.99); Mlli 234411f 291112f (ca t . , V, p.462, VI, Ust idi , 2 MSS (ca t . , p.48); Dinishgih 716112 (ca t . , XVI, p.470) p.529) Abridgement: anonymous, MS: Sipahsilir 2371 (ca t . , I , p . 509) Translation: Arabic, anonymous (written in 12661, MS: Mar'ashi 1746 (ca t . , V, p.130) ~ A ~ I B AL-JAW~HIR: Rearrangements: (1) by MuPammad Basan b . Muhammad SZliQ al- Busayni al-Niirbakhshi , MSS: Tustariyya (AB, V, p.60); Khayrit - S u ' 3 wo jawiib Khin 38 (ca t . , pp . 1729-30); Zanjin (ca t . , p . 245); (2) by Mubarnmad MS: Fayoiyya 108212 (ca t . , 111, p.53) b . Mubammad 'AE al-Kishini al-Turkabidi ( d . 12691, MS: KhXligi - Al -ToqrTrZ t , his lectures compiled by Mubarnmad 'AE bl-Shafti (ca t . , pp.95-6) MS: Mar'ashi 199514 (ca t . , V, p.367)

- Jowiimi' o l - r asZ ' i l , a collection of 20 treatises by al-Qummi, compiled b Hidayat b . Rid--, al-Qummi (see below, chapter 6) M A v M 6 3 B . MUBAMMAD ' A L ~ AL-KIRMLNSHLH~ ( d . 1271):

Selected MSS: Tustariyya 426 (ca t . , p.861); Fayaiyya 818 (ca t . , I , A jwibot 01-mosZ'il 01-thalZth , Persian and Arabic pp . 67-8); Mar'ashi 960 (ca t . , 111, p . 152) ; Masjid-i Aezam 11766; MS: Mar'ashi 153713 (cat. ,IV, p.338) Radawi 7261, 7667 (Binish pp.777-8)

- A/ -RosZ ' i l , another collection of 20 treatises by al-Qummi. 11 of these MUUAMMAD M A H D ~ B. MUBAMMAD I B R ~ I M A L - K A L B A S ~ ( d . 1278): a re the same as those included in the previous collection (see below, A jw ibo t 01-mosZ'il 01-tholZth chapter 6). MSS: Milli Arabic 15, 16 (ca t . , VII, pp.18-19)

112 A N INTRODUCTION TO s ~ f ' f LAW MISCELLANEOUS WORKS

AL-ANSARI : 01-MosZ'il o l -orbo ' in 01-'kmil iyya

LawcSmi' a/-nikcSt, his lectures compiled by MaomEd b. Ja'far al-May Edition: Najaf, 1344 (in the above-mentioned collection)

al-'Ariqi (d . 1308) Selected MSS : DZnishgZh 744-9 (Cat., V , pp. 1943-2000) ; Ragawi VAMMAD JJUSAYN AL KASHIF AL-GHITA' ( d . 1373): 6654-6 (ca t . , V , pp.487-8); Malik 1419, 2734 (ca t . , I , p.624); G TobrTr a/-Majollo, a commentary on the Ottoman code, Mojollot 3 MSS (ca t . , pp.178-9); Amir ai-Mu'minin CAB, XII, p.328, XVIII, p.358)

ANONYMOUS

MojmC'a-yi su ' z l wo jawzb-i fiqh?, Persian BubCth f i qh iyyo , his lectures compiled by 'Izz &Din BaQr a1 MS: Majlis 454611 ( ca t . , XII, pp.218-19) Edition: Najaf, 1384

A L - X S H T I Y ; ~ N ~ - MuPammad JJasan b . Ja'far ( d . 1319):

Su'cSl wa jowZb, Persian, compiled by MuPammad 'Aii al-YiizbZshi MS: GawharshZd 990 ( ca t . , pp. 130-1)

HAD^ AL-TIHRANT : A jwibat ol-masZ'il MS: Tustariyya 878 (cat . , p . 789)

iiL BAVR A L - ' U L ~ M - Muhammad b . Mubarnmad Taqi al-TabZtabZ'i ( d . 1326):

Bulghot 01-faqTh, a collection of 16 treatises on various legal topics (see below, chapter 6) Editions: Tabriz, 1325; Tehran, 1329; Najaf, 1389

AL-KHURASANT : - Hoqq 01-qodZ', his lectures compiled by Mailmiid b . Mubsin al-NajaE

al-KZshZni MS: Mar'ashi 2429 (cat . , VII, p.24)

- ' I d d o t mosZ'i l min abwiib shat tc Edition: Baghdad, 1331 (in a coliection of his writings entitled ShodhorcSt)

AL-YAZDI :

AI-Su'Zl wo 'I- jowFb, compiled by 'Ali Akbar al-KhwZnsZri Editon: Najaf, 1340

$T\DIQ B. MUBAMMAD AL-TABRiZf (d . 1351):

Al-FawC'id t7 shorb bo'p' a/-mobiihith a/-mushkila f i ' I - f iqh Edition: Tabriz , 1351

'ABD ALLAH B. MUUAMMAD BASAN AL-MAMAQXN'I (d . 1351):

- Al-MosC'il 01-Boghdcdiyyo Edition: Najaf, 1336

- Al-MosC'il 01-Bo$riyyo Edition: Najaf, 1342

- Al-MosC'il 01-Khu'iyyo Edition: Najaf, 1344 (in a collection of his treatises entitled 01-IthnF'oshoriyyo)

Chapter Six

SOME MONOGRAPHS

A

GENERAL

1. SEXUALLY SPECIFIC

AL-MUFTD: Abkiim a/-n~si i ' MSS: Kishini 4 (cat. , p . 47); Mar'ashi 24311, 7811 (ca t . , I , pp. 89, 267); Majlis 8110 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, pp.85-7); Ijakim 998 (ca t . , p.36)

ABU 'L-QASIM B. MUUAMMAD A L - G U L P A Y I G A N ~ ( d . after 1092):

Sulaymiiniyya, Persian, on laws respecting women MS: DiinishgZh 3334 (ca t . , XI, p.2318)

'ALT B. UUSAYN AL-KARBALA'T (early 12th century) :

'Aqd 01-kisii' fT f iqh 01-nisii' MS: Majlis 5695 (ca t . , XVII, pp. 151-2)

MU'IZZ AL-DIN B. ' A L ~ AKBAR A L - ~ J U S A Y N ~ (13th century):

Tubfat 01-nisii' , Persian MS: Gulpiyigiini 1639 (ca t . , 111, p . 28)

'ALi AKBAR AL-QAZWINT (13th century):

RisZla f i 'I-khunth: wa abkiimih MS: Mil17 178317 Arabic (ca t . , X , pp.367-8)

AlJMAD B . ' INAYAT ALLAH A L - U U S A Y N ~ AL-ZANJANT ( d . 1393):

Forq-i miyiin-i mord wa ran dar abkiim, Persian Edition: Qum, n . d .

2. ON QUR'ANIC LAW

AMTN AL-ISLAM AL-TABRIS~:

Ma'din a / - ' i r f in fT f iqh Majma' al-bay&, excerpts from al-Tabrisi's commentary on the Qur ' in , Majmo' 01-bayiin, compiled by Ihrihim b . Basan al-Warriiq (before 968) MS: Los Angeles MI06112 (ca t . , p.708)

MONOGRAPHS - GENERAL 115

gZh 5471 (ca t . , XVI, p . 17); ~ a r ' a s h i 1570, 1042 (ca t . , 111, p.235, IV, p.379); Majlis 5506 ( c a t . , XVI, p.407)

Editions: Tehran, n . d . , 1384-5; Najaf, n .d . Selected MSS: Diinishgih- 5129 (ca t . , XV, p.4121); Waziri 634 ( c a t . , 11, p.535); Ilihiyyit 74 A1 Aqii (ca t . , I , p . 794); Sipahsiliir 5191 ( ca t . , V, p.451); Masjid-i A'vam 9697; Majlis 4439 (ca t . , XII, p . 123); Fayrjiyya 623 (ca t . , I , p.222); Rarjawi 6149 (ca t . , IV, p.401)

MAL AL-DIM IjASAN B. MUBAMMAD AL-NAJAFT AL-ASTARABADY (late 9th century) :

Ma'iirij 01-su'Gl wa rnodiirij 01-ma'miil MSS: Majlis 3868, 288 Tah i t ab i ' i ( c a t . , X, pp. 1900-1); India Office 1810 (ca t . , 11, pp.313-16); Rarjawi 1553 (ca t . , 11, p.455); Nawwih 31 Qur'Zn commentaries (ca t . , p . 532) ; Asafiyya 457 Qur ' in commen- taries (ca t . , I , p.381)

U 'L-FATIj B. MAKHDm A L - S H A R ~ F ~ A L - A R D A B ~ L ~ ( d . 976):

Tafsir-i shiihT, Persian Edition: Tabriz , 1380 Selected MSS: Rarjawi 1251-3 (Binish, p.661); KhZlisi ccat., p.51); Zanjin (ca t . , p.99); BuqGq 108b, 85j (ca t . , pp.60-1); Agafiyya 251 Q u r ' i n commentaries (ca t . , I , p .405); DinishgZh 909, 1055 ( ca t . ,

Zubdat 01-bayiin Editions: Tehran, 1368, 1386 Selected MSS: Dinishgih 1808 (ca t . , VIII, p . 394); Radawi 1208, 1209 (ca t . , 11, p.402); Isfahiin, ' U m G m i 2677, 2695, 2883, 3062 (ca t . , I , pp.174-5); 'Abd albqA5im 285 (ca t . , p.467); Berlin Ldg. 71711 (ca t . , IV, p.254); Princeton, New Series 3, 705. Commentaries: (1) 01-Mut'a. bv Savvid MirzZ Khiilid, MS: Sipahsiiliir 450913 (ca t . , V, p.498); (2) M&itT~-al-abkiirn, by Muhammad &'id b . Qisim al-Ijusayni al-TabZtabii'i al-Quhpi'i ( d . 1092), MSS: Majlis 4828 (cat . , XII, p.198); Nurbakhsh 200 (ca t . , I , p.196); Mar'ashi 2140 (cat . , VI, pp. 150-1); (3) by Muhammad b . 'Abd al-Fattiih al- TunukZbuni al-Sarib ( d . 11241, MSS: Waziri 1290 (ca t . , 111, p.918); Mahdawi 592110 (ca t . , p . 125); (4) TobzTl ol-itmTnTin, by Muhammad Ibrihim b . Muhammad MaC$i.m al-gusayni al-Qazwini, MSS: Majlis 5553 (ca t . , XVI, p.415); Gharb 10198 (ca t . , pp.70-1); (5) by Muhammad Rafi' al-Gilini, MS: Masjid-i A'zam 87016

biti ion: ' ~ e h r a n , [1392?1 Selected MSS: Sipahsilir 2053 (ca t . , I , p.86, 111, p . 26); Rarjawi 1436 (ca t . , 11, p.403); Milli 1300 Arabic (ca t . , IX, p.285)

116 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHi'f LAW MONOGRAPHS - GENERAL 117

MU'IZZ AL-DTN AL-M~SAW~:

Jawiihir 01-boqZ'iq MS: Qazwin, VZjj Sayyid Jaw% (Nosh. ,VI, p.342)

AL-FAQIL AL-JAWAD - Jawad b. Sa'd Allah al-Kiipimi (d . after 1044): tly edited Tehran, 1308 (in the margin of a/-Qowii'id), selectedMSS: Mosiilik ol-ofhiim

Edition: Tehran, 1387 snishggh 1812 (cat . , VIII, p.400); Amir al-Mu'minin (Nosh., V,

Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 2697 (ca t . , VII, p . 269); J$akim 129 (Nosh., 415); Mareashi 2705 (cat . , VII, p.275); Masjid-i A'5am 3053;

V, p.426); Majlis 3331, 4491 ( ca t . , X, p.1126, XII, p.168); Berlin waxti, 2 MSS (cat., I , pp.252-60)

Pm. 50 (cat . , IV, p. 157); Dinishgah 64 (ca t . , I , p.208); IIZhiyyit mad b . 'Ali b . IbrZhim al-A@%'*. (d . after 98b (ca t . , I , p.660); Malik 916 (ca t . , I , p.669); Rawgiti (ca t . , I , pp. 200 f f )

ANONYMOUS (written in 1036-46):

/miitat 01-lithZtn 'at7 01-ZyZt 01-wZrida fi 'l-~iycTn7 = Rof' a/-IithZm 0); Mar'ashi 3394 (cat . , IX, pp.180-1)

MS: SipahsZlir 2539 (cat . , I , pp.361-4) Translation: Persian, by the author, MS: RadawT 2283 (cat . , 11, p.23)

MALIK ' A L ~ AL-TUNT (late 11th century):

ZyZt 01-obkZim, Persian MS: Ragawi 2430 (cat . , 11, p.68)

AIJMAD B. ISMX'TL AL-NAJAFI A L - J A Z A ' I R ~ (d . 1151):

QolZ'id 01-durar Editions: Tehran, 1327; Najaf, 1383

MUIJAMMAD B. ' A L ~ B. BAYDAR AL-MI~SAWT AL-'AMILi (d . 1139): SHIP AL-GHITA' :

- Tniis sulriin a/-mu'rnin~n Al-Qowii'id a/-shor'iyyo, compiled by MiisZ b. Muhammad Rids A1 Kashif

MSS: Majlis 3902 (cat . , X, pp. 1926-7); RawdZti (see AB, 11, p. 518)

- Ayiit 01-abkCrn MS: Mar'ashi 292816 (cat . , VIII, p. 122) N TAWQ A L - B A J J R A N ~ :

3. ON GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW Ris7ilo fl tobfld owwal a/-nahZr MS: Mar'ashi 235816 (cat . , VI, p. 336)

AL-SHAHID AL-AWWAL: VMAD AL-NARAQT : Al-Qowii'id wa 'I-fowz'id 'A wz'id 01-oyycm Editions: Tehran, 1308; Najaf, 1399 Editions: Tehran, 1266, 1321 Selected MSS: Martashi 2519, 1152, 1659 (cat . , 111, p.325, V, pp. Selected MSS: Fayoiyya 965, 749, 99611 (ca t . , I , pp. 186-7, 111, p.47) 55-6, VII, pp.168-9); Faydiyya 700 (cat. , I , p.208); IlZhiyyat 1211 (cat . , I , p.134); Princeton 3962 Yahuda (cat . , p.138); NawwZb 53-4 MonZihij a/-obkiim law (cat . , p.464); DanishgZh 1011 (cat . , V, p. 1980); Gawharshad Edition: Tehran, 1269 710 (ca t . , p.371); Majlis 5833 (ca t . , XVII, p.246); Gharb 620 (cat. , Selected MSS: DanishgZh 7640, 766712 (cat. , XVI, pp.662, 668); p. 172); AdabiyyZt 214 Kirman (cat . , p. 101) Fayoiyya 160, 288 (cat . , I , pp. 271-2); AstZna 5906 (cat. , p. 176); Abridgements and rearrangements: (1) Jcimi' ol-fowz'id fT tolkhTs Gharb, 4 MSS (cat . , p. 197) ol-Qawii'id, by al-MiqdZd, MS: Radawi 2313 (ca t . , 11, pp.31-2); (2) Nodd 01-qowii'id 01-fiqhiyyo, by the same author, MSS: Radawi L - M A R ~ G H ~ - 'Abd al-FattSih b. 'Ali al-IJusayni, M i r Fattih (d.1266-74): 2663, 8046-7 (cat. , 11, p.139); Mar'ashi 2508, 461 (cat . , 11, pp. 67- VII, p. 95); DXnishgZh, microfilm 2170 (cat . , I , p. 394); uujjatiyya Editions: Tehran, 1274, 1297 50412 (cat . , p. 111); (3) TamhTd ol-qowZ'id, by al-Shahid al-Thani, MS: Mahdawi 831 (cat. , p.162) edited Tehran, 1271, selected MSS: Majlis 1339 (cat . , IV, p. 106); Raqawi 2862, 7334 (Binish, p. 668); Milli 138411 Arabic (cat . , IX, UJJAMMAD JA'FAR AL-ASTARABADT: p. 389); Nawwiib 11 law (cat . , p.453); Berlin Pet. 548 (ca t . , IV, p. 248) [ 'Ali b . Mubammad al-'Amili wrote a commentary on this work, Al-MaqZrd a/-Ja'fariyya

MSS: Danishgih 2192 (cat . , IX, p.876); Mar'ashi 3857-8, 3882-3 (cat . ,

118 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW MONOGRAPHS - GENERAL

X , pp.245-6, 266-7) ition: Tehran, 1374

A L - A N ~ A R T : ' ~ N T :

- Risiilo fi qi i ' idot 15 ~ ' o r a r siilo fT qi i ' idat 15 Q'orur Editions: Tabriz, 1303 (together with his K . ol -Tohi i ro) , 1375 (toge ition: Najaf, 1357-8 (together with his Munyot 01-tiil ib) with his a/-Mokiisib) Commentary: by 'Abd Alliih al-Mimaqini , edited Najaf, 1345 (in his N B . AGHA BUZURG A L - M ~ ~ S A W ~ AL-BUJNuRDi ( d . 1395): a/-Qoli i ' id ol-thomTno) I-Qowii'id ol- f iqhiyyo

- Al-Taqiyyo dition: Najaf, 1389 - Edition: Tabriz, 1303 (together with his K . 01-Tohiiro), 1375 (toget with 01-Makzsib) U M A Y N ~ : Commentaries: ( 1 ) by 'Abd Alliih al-Mirnaqiini, edited Najaf, 1345 ( his 01-Qolz'id 01-thomTno); ( 2 ) by Fattib b . Muhammad 'Ali al-Shahi ola fT qz ' idot IF Q'oror

al-Tabrizi ( d . 13721, edited Tabriz, 1375 (together with his Hidiiyot dition: Qum, 1383-4 (in a collection of his treatises entitled o lkRos~ ' i1 )

01-tiil ib) isiila f i ' I - taqiyya dition: Qum, 1383-4 (in the above-mentioned collection)

'ABD A L - 3 x 1 ~ 1 ~ MUJJAMMAD B. AJJMAD AL-NARAQT (d . 1297):

Moshiiriq 01-abkiim Edition: Tehran, 1294

B

MS: Faygiyya 1107 (ca t . , 1, p.245) ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

ANONYMOUS (written before 1312): GENERALITIES

A/-Qowii ' id 01-Biiqiriyyo MS: Diinishgih 3845 (cat . , XII, p . 2826) KHR A L - M U J J A Q Q I Q ~ N :

MUIJAMMAD JJASAN AL-SHTRAZ~, al-Mujaddid: Al-Fokhr iyyo fT mo' r i fo t 01-niyyo Edition: Tehran, 1315 (in the collection of Kolimiit 01-MuboqqiqTn)

Al-Qawii ' id 01-uusoyniyyo, his lectures compiled by Basan b . Ismi'il Selected MSS: Majlis 495317 (cat . , XIV, p .228) ; Princeton 1886 New al-Qummi al-IJi'irT Series; ~ a r ' a s h i 61112, 2704, 224712 (ca t . , 11, p.207, VI, pp.88, 232); MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XVII, p.182) Igfahin, Adabiyyit (Nosh . , V, p .303) ; Ragawi 2432 (cat . , 11, p . 68)

AL-ASHTIYAN~:

Risiilo f7 q i i ' idot nofy a / - ' us r wo ' I -baraj Edition: Tehran, 1314

SHAHfD AL-AWWAL:

I-ToklTfiyyo SS: Ragawi 8289 (Binish, p .666) ; Mar'ashi 117612 (ca t . , 111, p.347)

HAD^ AL-TIHRANT :

Risiilo f i ' I - forq boyn 01-baqq wa ' I -bukm Al-Tubfa a/- jo l iyyo fT mo'r i fat a / -n iyyo MSS: Majlis 195013, 275315 (cat . , IX, pp.139-40, 662) MSS: Los Angeles MI31311 (ca t . , p.724) ; Malik 2308 (cat . , I , p.619) ;

Dinishgih 87916, 231212, 88217, 5396111 (cat . , V, pp.1992-3, IX, ZL BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M : p.945, X V , p.4238) ; Gulpiiyigini 21 (ca t . , I , p . 2 9 ) ; Mar'ashi 68016,

361211, 373317 (ca t . , 11, p.274, X, pp.11, 130) ; Ragawi 2553, 6207, Risiilo f i ' I - farq boyn a/-boqq wo ' I -bukm, included in his Bulghot 8221 (ca t . , 11, p.107, V , p.485) ; MiftiQ 24012 (ca t . , p .230) ; Waziri 01-foqTh (see above, chapter 5) 2310 (ca t . , IV, p . 1253); Ilihiyyit 30611j (cat . , I , p .205) ; Khilivi

MUJJAMMAD IJUSAYN B. MUUAMMAD AL-KHWANSASR~ (d . 1328): (cat . , p. lOO); Vatican 72011 Arabic ( c a t . , I , p.68)

Nafy a/-boroj f7 abkiim a/-shor'i 'o Tobommul 01-'ibiido ' on a/-ghoyr wo kayf iyyot 01-istiniiba = Ris& i l i i

MS: ~ a r ' a s h i 3041122 (cat . , VIII, p.250) ohl a/-Jazi i ' i r MS: Malik (AB, XI, p.140)

MUUAMMAD T A Q ~ B. JJASAN AL-MUDARRIS AL-ISFAHANT (d . 1333): BN A B ~ .JUMHOR: Rislilo f i "I-forq boyn 01-boqq wo ' I -bukm Edition: Tehran, 1363 (in a collecti~n of his treatises entitled Risiilo f i ' I -n iyyo

01-Rosii'il a/- Toqowiyyo) MS: Mar'ashi 2754112 (ca t . , VII, p.312)

120 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

MS: Raaawi 2451 ( c a t . , 11, p.74)

A L - S H A H ~ D AL-THANT : I-Forq bayn ol-forTp'a wo ' I -n i i f i lo S: Mar'ashi 2907 (ca t . , VIII, p.103)

Risiila f i ' I -n iyyo MS: Faydiyya 174312 (ca t . , 11, p.127) D ALLAH AL-MAMAQANT :

VUSAYN B. 'ABD AL-QAMAD:

A l k ' i q d 01-flusoynT Edition: Yazd, n . d . Muhammad Jawid b . Ijasan al-Najafi ( d . 1352): Selected MSS: Qiidiriyya 500 (ca t . , 11, p . 319); Sipahsalir 2013 (cat 1, p ,485); Leningrad 52 (Nosh . , VIII, p . 103); Milli, Arabic 125911, d fi ' I - ' i lm a/ - i jmi i r

126211 ( c a t . , IX, pp.245, 250); Dinishgih 538712 (ca t . , XV, p.4232 tion: Najaf, 1343 (together with his t i i ishiyot a/-Mokiisisib)

Majlis 1306 (ca t . , IV, p.78); Waziri 320111 ( c a t . , I , 305) B. 'ABD AL-VUSAYN AL- RAWA ANT ( d . 1353):

'ABD AL-'HLT AL-KARAKT:

Risiila f i ' I -bu l i igh wo haddih MS: Sipahsilar 259512 (ca t . , I , p.433)

A L - D ~ N AL-'ARAQY :

AL-MUJTAHID - JJusayn b . Basan al-JJusayni al-Karaki ( d . 1001):

Risiilo f i ' I -n iyya MS: Majlis 398812 (ca t . , X, p.2160)

RAPT AL-DIN B . MUBAMMAD NAB7 AL-QAZWINT ( d . af ter 1134): Im ol- i jmi i f i , his lectures compiled by

Risiila f i ' I -n iyyo MS: Zanjin (ca t . , p.130) Edition: Najaf, 1367

AL-BIHBAI-IAN? : COMPREHENSIVE WORKS - Risiilo f7 bul l i in "ibiidot 01-/Chi1

Edition: Tabriz, u .d . (see AB, XI, p.130) Selected MSS: SipahsZlXr 907114 (ca t . , V, p.36); guquq 235/3j, 247 ( c a t . , p.349); Milli 186814 Arabic (ca t . , X, p.457); Mar'ashi 45811 Edition: Najaf, 1387 147012 (ca t . , 11, p.65, IV, p.263); GulpZyigZni 1870115 (ca t . , 111, Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 194512 (ca t . , V, p.310); Faydiyya 196813 p.92); Fayaiyya 1189110, 153815, 155416, 1565114 (ca t . , 111, pp.66, (cat . , 111, p . 157); Majlis 5187114 ( c a t . , XVI, pp. 11-12); Dinishgih 99, 100, 101); Radawi 8154 (Binish, p.806); Majlis 58 Tab i t ab i ' i ; 920, 5242 (ca t . , V, p . 1843, XV, p.4174); K Z r al-Kutub 19908, 20037 Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 1578 ( c a t . , 11, p.715); Berlin Pm. 51115 (ca t . , (cat . , I , p.221)

111, p.313) Commentary on the legal section: by Ibn al-Barrij , edited Mashhad, 1394; selected MSS: DinishgZh 92013, 100511 (ca t . , V, p.1936);

- Al-1iZ;do 01-ijmiiliyyo f i ' Ik ' ib i id i i t 01-mokruho Majlis 6711 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, p.154); Radawi 7859 (Binish, p.862); MS: Majlis 409712 ( ca t . , XI, p.94) Mar'ashi 44113 (ca t . , 11, p.43); Tustariyya (AB, XIII, p.178)

ANONYMOUS: - ~ i s a a f i ' I - r i y i i ' f i ' Ik ' ib i ido A l - l q t i ~ i i d , on dogmatics and acts of devotion

MS: DiuishgZh 111812 ( c a t . , V, pp.1899-900) Edition: Qum, 1400

- RisZilo f i 'I-shokk f i ' I -shor t iyyo wo ' I - j uz ' i yya Selected MSS: Dinishgih 920110 (ca t . , V, p . 1783) and microfilm 2969

MS: DinishgZh 1118.2 (ibid) (ca t . , I , p . 285); Mil17 192215 Araibic (ca t . , X, p.593); Amir al- Mu'minin (guj ja t i , p.622); Uakim 472 (ibid. 1; Dir al-Kutub 20304

IBN TAWQ A L - B A ~ R A N Y : ( ca t . , I , p .96); Mar'ashi 3994111 (ca t . , X , p .95 ) ; LOS Angeles MI33914 (ca t . , p.725)

Risiila f l qasd 01-thowiib wa ' I ' i q i i b fi' ' I - ' ib i ido MS: Mar'ashi 235814 (ca t . , VI, pp.334-5) UUAMMAD B. ~ A R I T H AL-I$USAYNI AL-ASTARABHDT ( d . af ter 885):

'ABD AL-RASUL AL-FTRUZKUHT ( d . around 1322): Al-RisZilo 01-vi i ' i r iyyo f i ' I - ' ib i id i i t 01-shor' iyyo MS: Farhid Mu'tamid 45 (ca t . , p . 180)

Risiila fT isht i r i i t 01-qurbo fi ' I ' i b i i d o t Edition: Tehran, 1321

1 2 2 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW MONOGRAPEIS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

A L - S H A H ~ D AL-THANT : NYMOUS (belonging to 8th-9th century?) :

- A/-lqtizzd wo' '1-irshiid, on dogmatics and acts of devotion isiila fi 'I-tahiira wo 'I-golCt MSS: Iliihiyyiit 538d, 56112d (ca t . , I , pp.328, 460-1); Gulpiyigini S : Majlis 8111 Khu'i (ca t . , VII , p . 184) 102013 (ca t . , 11, p.221)

- Al-Istonbullyyo fi' 'I-wZjibcit a/-'ayniyya D A L - ' A L ~ B. MATjMuD AL-KHADIM A L - J ~ ~ P A L A Q ~ (late 10th century): MSS: Raoawi 7244, 6197, 7437 (cat. , V, p.428; Binish, p.780); lqh-i shChT, Persian JJakim 1757m (ca t . , 1 , p.52) S: Gawharshid 97812 ( c a t . , pp. 157-8)

- Al-Riimiyya MS: Dinishgih 130114 (ca t . , VII, p.2719) A Z ~ D A L - T H ~ N ~ - AbG Mubammad 'A17 b . ' Iniyat Allah al-Bastiimi

d . after 1011):

BUSAYN B . 'ABD AL-$AMAD : a 'Zrij 01- tabqiq

A/-Wcijibiit a/-molikiyya S: Majlis 1321 (ca t . , IV, pp.93-4)

MS: Gulpiyigini 813 (ca t . , 1, p .18) JID B . HXSHIM A L - B A ~ R A N T ( d . 1028):

BAHT\' A L - ~ f N A L - ' A M I L ~ : - Al-IthnZ'ashariyyCt, five treatises on acts of devotion MS: Marcashi 224911 (ca t . , VI, pp. 233-4)

Edition: the treatise on prayer is edited Tehran, 1309 (together wit al- 'Alliima's Tabzirot a/-rnuta 'alliniin) Selected MSS: Sini 22511 ( ca t . , 1, p.105); Ejakim 9 Rashti (ca t . , Riscila fi 'I-tab%-a wo 'I-$a12 p.27); Diinishgiih 91814, 708716 (ca t . , V, pp. 1758-9, XVI, p.449); MSS: Majlis 455311 ( c a t . , XII, p.234); Raoawi 2445 ( ca t . , 11, p.73) Adabiyyit 120 uikrnat ( ca t . , p .41) ; Mar'ashi 75, 10413 ( ca t . , I , 87, 125); Raaawi 2683 ( ca t . , V, p.352); Mirzi Ja ' far 148 ( ca t . , KHR AL-DIN B . MUUAMMAD 'AL? A1,rTURAYuT AL-NAJAFT ( d . 1087): 40); Niirbakhsh 590 (ca t . , 11, pp.235-6); Nawwib 6 law (ca t . , p.449); Ustidi ( c a t . , p .57); Farhang ( ca t . , pp.40-1); Sipahsilir 267012 (ca t . , 111, pp.44-5); Princeton 53811 Yahuda (ca t . , p.149);

MS: Mar'ashi 118 (cat. , I , p.142)

Bodleian Arab.e. 175; Tiflis 69917 (Nosh., VIII, p.260); Baku MI40 ( ibid. , IX, p.239)

I'MAT ALLAH AL-JAZA'IRT:

Translation: Persian, by $adr al-Din Mubarnmad b . Mubibb 'Ali al- Hadiyyot 01-mu'minin = Hadiyyal 01-ikhwk Tabrizi ( d . after 10131, MSS: Mar'ashi CAB, IV, p .74) ; Leningrad MSS: Malik 2536 (ca t . , I , p.807); Milli 191911 Arabic (ca t . , X, p . A643 (cat . Persian, 1, p . 241); Diinishgih 588413-4, 724212 (ca t . , 577); Dinishgih 102012 ( ca t . , V, pp.2103-6); Ustidi (ca t . , p . 43) XVI, pp . 130, 497) Commentaries: (1) by the author, on the treatise on prayer , MS: JjMAD AL-JAZA'IR? ( d . 1151): Raaawi 2728 (ca t . , V, pp.404-5); (2) anonymous (written in 1012), Tobzirat 01-mubtodi'in MS: Dinishgih 708718 (ca t . , XVI, p ,449) ; (3) anonymous (written before 1030), MS: Mar'ashi 2398 (ca t . , VI, pp.378-9);

MS: Miftiib 24413 (ca t . , p . 230; see also AB, 111, p . 321, X V , p . 183)

( 4 ) a/-FawC'id a/-'aliyya, by Hiriin b . Khamis al-Jazi ' i r i ( d . after 1036), MS: Radawi 2509 (ca t . , 11, p .93, V, p.353); (5) anonymous NONYMOUS (written before 1186):

(written before 1042), MS: Iliihiyyiit 184/6 ( ca t . , I , p.724); Ris& fi 'I-tahCro wa '1-$a/?ir (6) ?I-Anw?ir 01-bahiyyo, by Niir al-Din 'Ali b . ljusayn al-MGsawi MS: Gulpiyigini 30711 ( ca t . , I , p.267) albSAmili ( d . 10681, MSS: Mar'ashi 81 ( c a t . , I , p.99); Majlis 4670 ( ca t . , XIII, pp . 52-3); (7) 01-Fltra 01-malakutiyya, by 'Abd al-uasib MUSL B . JA'FAR AL-NAJAFT LL KLSHIF AL-GHITA' i d . 1243): b . Alpad alk'xmili ( d . after 1058), MS: Radawi 2792 ( c a t . , V, p.471); (8) by al-Khwijii'i., MS: Gawharshid 1702 ( c a t . , p.256); Munyat 01-rcghib, a commentary on Kishif al-Ghiti's Bughyat a/-J?ilib

(9) by 'Abd al-tlusayn b . Qisim al-1;Iilli ( d . 13751, MS: Amir al- (see above, chapter 5)

Mu'minin CAB, XIII, p .62) ; (10) anonymous, MS: Radawi 2728 MSS: Radawi 8024 (Binjsh, p . 1049); Mar'ashi 3897 (ca t . , X , p . 278);

(Binish, p.700) Sipahsiilir 2666-7 (ca t . , I , p . 549); Majlis 610 Tabiitabi ' i ; Fayaiyya 1635 ( c a t . , I , p.282); Gulpzyigini 7 7 (ca t . , I , p .83); Khilisi ( ca t . ,

3. ON RITUAL PURITY AND PRAYER p . 126); Matbaf 2963 (ca t . , p.259); Amir al-Mu'minin (AB, XIII, p . 127); Shi r iz i (AB, XXIII, pp. 202-3)

AL-SHAYKH : MUUAMMAD BASAN B. MTRZA ~ Q A s ~ AL-QUMM? ( d . 1304): 'Amal a/-yawm wo 'I-loyla Edition: Qum, 1401 (in AndFshahzy-i now dar 'uliim-i lslcimi, IV,

Mi$bZb a/-foqciha Edition: Najaf, 1372-7

pp . 17-30)

124 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

A L - K H U ' ~ :

Al-TonqTb, his lectures compiled by 'A17 al-Gharawi al-Tabrizi Edition: Najfa, 1378 -

4 . ON FISCAL OBLIGATIONS

M ~ R A K MOSA B. MUJjAMMAD AKBAR AL-JjUSAYNi AL-TUNi (late 11th century):

RisZlo dor zakZt wo khums MS: Radawi 6740 ( ca t . , V, p.432)

ZokZtiyyo = RisZila dar z o k 2 wo khums Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 18713 (Cat., I , u.206); GulpZyigZni 122314 . . (ca t . , 11, p.236)

RisZlo f i ' I - ' ibZdZt 01-miiliyyo wo mZ yolboquhZ min ol-wuqiif wo ' I - ' i t q . . . MS: Jjujjatiyya 70014 (cat . , p . 121)

MUJJAMMAD B. 'ABD A L - W A H H ~ B A L - K ; ~ ~ I M ~ ( d . after 1303):

Al-MishkZt f7 mosZ'il ol-khurns wo 'I-zokiit MS: Mar'ashi 2349 (ca t . , VI, p.325)

RITUAL PURITY

1. GENERAL

AL-DAMAD : A/-To'lTqZt f i 'I-rahZro MS: Niirbakhsh 400 ( ca t . , 11, pp. 110-11)

AL-DIIIDANANI: - Risiilo f7 onno '/-a21 f~ '/-ashy:' 01-tahcro

MS: GulpZyigini 1862113 (ca t . , 111, p.87) - Risiilo fT kayf iyyot wuj i ib ol- iohZro

MS: SipahsSilZr 2487 (ca t . , I , pp.421, 436)

MUUAMMAD TAQ? B. MUJjAMMAD RAJ~TM AL-I$FAHAN~ ( d . 1248):

K . o l T o h Z r o MS: UstZdi (ca t . , p.27)

AL-AN$ART

- K . 01-TohZro Edition: Tabriz , 1303

- A/-ToqrTrZt f i ' I - tohZro, collections of his lectures compiled by his pupils: ( i ) by Mubarnmad Shafi'b. Muhammad Sa'id al-Fiimani al- GilZni, MS: Rasht 70-1t (ca t . , p.1103); (ii) by Ya'qiib b . Muqim al-Barfurfiehi, MS: Mar'ashi 2106 (cat . , VI , pp. 120-1) ; (iii) anonymous, MS: Mar'ashi 1796 (ca t . , V, p.182);

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

(iu) anonymous, MS: Majlis 100 TabZtabZ'i

MS: Nlasjid-i A'varn 367

UVAMMAD TAHA B. M A H D ~ NAJAF ~ 1 , - T A B R ~ Z ~ A L - N A J A F ~ ( d . 1323):

RisZila f i ' I - tahZro Edition: n . p . , 1334

Dur i is f7 f iqh 01-ShT'a, his lectures compiled by Mahdi al-KhalkhZli Edition: Najaf - Tehran, 1378 -

Edition: Qum - Najaf, 1382-90

, ON WATERS

L - S H A H ~ D AL-THLNT : RisZlo fi infieZil mZ' 01-b i ' r , included in his Mojmii'ot 01-iEd:t (see above, chapter 5)

3~ A L L ~ H AL-TUSTAR~:

A/-Bobr 01-ghozTr fT taqdTr a/-mo' 01-kothTr MS: Yakim 15214 (Nosh . , V, p.427)

I-IA' AL-DTN AL-'XMILT:

Edition: Tehran, 1321 (together with his 01-Hob1 01-motTn) Selected MSS: Majlis 1805, 4900154 (ca t . , IX, pp.359-60, XIV, p.77); DinishgZh 431617 ( ca t . , XIII, p.3279); Farhang 38a ( ca t . , pp.40-1); Milli 140416 (ca t . , IX, p.417); Sini 41719 (ca t . , I , p.250); Baku MI49115 (Nos l r . , I X , p.239).

MAS'UD B. FAQL ALLAH AL-J$USAYNT AL-BIHBAHANT ( d . af ter 1031):

Al-TobZ'ud boyn 01-bi 'r wo 'I-bEilii-o MS: GulpZyigZni 48110 (ca t . , I , pp.61-2)

MURAD B . 'ALT KHXN AL-TAFRISIIT:

MS: Dinishgah 1803 (ca t . , VIII, p.380)

AL-MAII~IZT - SulaymEn b . 'Abd Allah al-BabrZni (d . 1121):

TabqTq mos'olat a / - tobc 'ud boyn 01-bi 'r wo ' I -bZ l i i 'o MS: Najaf, JazZ'iri (Nosh . , VII, p.716)

S H A R I ~ AL-WAFIYA: Risiilo f i "odom infieZil 01-mZ' 0 l - ~ o l i 7 MSS: GulpZyigZnT 1862111 (ca t . , 111, p.82); Gharb 265 (cat . , p.179)

126 A N INTRODUCTION TO s ~ i ' i LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

AL-KHW& '7 : S: ~ a r ' a s h i 138311 (ca t . , IV, p.156)

Risiila f7 tabd id 01-kurr MS: DZnishgZh 710311 ( c a t . , XVI,p.455) R ALLAH B . AMAN ALLAH AL-IjUSAYNT:

Risiila f7 kayf iyyat wup'u' a / - jab i ra $AUIB AL-IJADA'IQ: MS: Waziri 99013 (ca t . , 11, p.809)

Qii t i 'at 01-qi;i wa 'I-qTI f7 infic51 a/-mii' a/-qaFI MS: Majlis 633 Tabi tab i ' i

Al-Qawl a/-fa$/ Fi "I-mash wa 'I-ghasl ANONYMOUS (belonging to late 12th century): MSS: DinishgZh 185913 (ca t . , VIII, p ,459); Mar'ashi 338212 ( ca t . ,

Risiila F bukm ma d i in a l - ku r r MS: Gulpiyigzni 186214 (ca t . , 111, p.86)

A L - K I R M A N S H A H ~ : Risiila fT hukrn 01-ghusl qabl a / - is t ib ra '

Qot' 01-ma@/ ti nu$rat a/-qawl b i '1kinf;'rTl MS: Mar'gshi 198611 ( c a t . , V , p.357)

MSS: Majlis 547412 ( c a t . , XVI, pp.374-5); Ilihiyyit 98 Al Aqi,8281 Risiila f7 hukrn 01-badath al-o$ghar 01-mutakhallil athni i ' a/-ghusl (ca t . , I , p.714, 11, p.22); Gharh 4813 (ca t . , p .169); Gulpiyigini MS: Mar'ashi 114215 (ca t . , 111, p.317) 1862112 ( c a t . , 111, p.87)

Mas'ala f7 wazTfot ra ju l iht6j ila ; ~ - ~ h u s l f7 o r @ b i i r ida

~ A I ~ I B A L - M A Q ~ B I S : MS: Mashhad, AdabiyyZt 25122 Fayyig ( c a t . , p.214)

Al-Lu ' lu ' a/-masjiir ti morn; lafz 01-lahiir UBBAR B. MUBAMMAD A L - M ~ S A C V ~ AL-NAJAF~ ( d . after 1179): MSS: Majlis 1314 (ca t . , IV, pp.88-9); Faydiyya 1711 ( ca t . , 111, p.1) Yakim 17712 (Nash . , V, p.428); Princeton 73712 New Series RisFIa f7 wuj i ib ghusl a/- jum'o

MS: DZnishgih 720011 ( c a t . , XVI, p.485)

MUBAMMAD IjUSAYN AL-KHWANSAR~: srm AL-GIIITA' : ShFf7 a / - 'aFI fT abkiim aaimii' 01-qaFI MS: Mar'ashi 3041119 (ca t . , VIII, p.249) Kashf 01-iltibiis bayn 01-hayd wa ' I - ist ib i ida wa 'I-nif i is

MSS: Los Angeles M9311 ( ca t . , p.661); Ijujjatiyya 70013 ( c a t . , p . 121)

3. ON ABLUTION BN TAWQ AL-BAI~RANT:

M U ' i N A L - D ~ N AL-MI$R~: Risiila f i wuj i ib a/-layammum 'a l i i man mana'ah 01-zibzm 'an a l -khur i i j

Risiila ,T kayf iyyat wuj i ib ghusl a/- j in i iba MS: Marcashi 235818 (ca t . , VI, p.336)

MS: Ijakim 198 ALT AKBAR AL-QAZWTNT:

A L - S H A H ~ D AL- THAN^ : Risiiia f i 'I-wuQ'G'

Risiila f7 bukm mC idh i i abdath 01-rnujnib f7 aihni i ' ghusl a/-j ini iba NIS: MiIIi l ' i83I 'H Arabic (ca t . , X , p . 368)

included in his MajmG'at a/- i f id i i t (see above, chapter 5) ABD ALLAH AL-KIRMANSHAHT :

A L - K A R A K ~ : Mas 'a la f i taja7d 01-ghusl

Risiilo jT wujGb a/-tahiira li-mass Ki t i ib AAZh MS: Ilihiyyit 81916d (ca t . , 11, p.21)

MS: Khayrit KhZn 5312 (ca t . , p.1736) UBSIN B. MUIjAMMAD RAFT' AL-RASHTT AL-I$FAHANT ( d . after 1268):

'ABD ALLAH AL-TUSTART : Nojiit 01-niswiin - Riscla IT k i f i y a t 01-isba' 01-wFbido f i 'I-mash MS: Mar'ashi 265915 (ca t . , VII, p.240)

- Risiila f7 faoq iq ma 'nci of-ka 'bayn UUAMMAD 'ABBAS AL-MU SAW^ AL-LAKNAWT:

- Risiila iT ghusl 01-jurn'a sofhat almiis fT kayf iyyat a/-irt imiis

- Risiila f i ' I - is t ib r i i ' MS: Mar'ashi 1803 (ca t . , V, p.188)

All included in his 01-Rasii'il (see above, chapter 5) L-KHURASHNT :

ANONYMOUS : Risiila f i ' I - d i m 7 a/- thal i i tha Edition: Baghdad, 1331 (in his Shadhur6t)

Risiila f7 anno ' I -ghusl rnin 01-jiniib~i wii j ib nafsT

128 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHY'T LAW

MAHDi B . IjUSAYN AL-KHALI$i AL-KAZIMT ( d . 1343):

Riscla fi todckhul 01-aghsiil, as a commentary on the relevant in al-Mubaqqiq's Sharc'i ' 01-lsl5m Edition: Mashhad, 1342

'ABD ALLAH AL-MAMAQAN'~ : Koshf 01-royb wo 'I-sij' fi ighnc' kull ghusl 'on 01-wuy'ij' Edition: Najaf, 1344 (in his ol-lthnt'oshoriyyo)

4. ON THE DECEASED

IBN FAHD:

Mos'olo fi p l 5 t oolmoyyit MS: Majlis 2750.3 (ca t . , IX, p . 125)

SHAMS AL-DIN A L - A S T A R ~ B ~ D ~ (mid-10th century):

Risiilo fi koyfiyyot wop" a/-moyyit bo'd 01-ghusl MS: Mar'ashi 278512 ( ca t . , VII, p.348)

AL-MUJTAHID :

Riscla fi istiqbcl a/-qiblo MS: Majlis 398819 ( ca t . , X , p.2166)

Abkcim 01-amwet MS: Milli 126212 (ca t . , IX, p.251)

AL-SHYRWANY :

Riscla dor obkiim-i omwct , Persian MS: Dinishgih 7008113 (ca t . , XVI, p.426)

HASHIM B . M U R T A ~ A A L - I ~ U S A Y N ~ ( d . after 1128):

AbkEn a/-amwet, Persian MS: Raaawi 2742 (ca t . , V, pp. 356-7)

AL-MUKHTART : Qubclo qabaliyyo fi boyon istiqbzl a/-moyyit wo lowlThih ila ' I MS: Dinishgih 185916 ( c a t . , VIII, p.460)

AL-KHWAJU'T :

- Risiilo fi jowoz 01-tokfin fi 'I-$Gf wa 'I-wabar wa 'I-sho'r MS: Mashhad, AdabiyyZt 25124 Fayyia (ca t . , p.214)

- Risclo IT bukm al-isrzj 'ind 01-moyyil MS: Mashhad, Adabiyyat 2519 Fayyid ( ca t . , p . 212)

JJUSAYN A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ :

Risiilo fT bukm 01-nobsh MSS: Raaawi 259515 ( c a t . , 11, p.118); ZanjZni 76115 (ca t . ,

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OFDEVOTION

MS: GulpZyigini 139112 (ca t . , 11, p.254)

JJAMMAD I ~ U S A Y N A L - K H W A T ~ ~ N A B A D T : RisZilo dor jowZiz-I noql-i ojsiid bi-mashchid, Persian MSS: Dinishgih 552411, 581812 (ca t . , XVI, pp.28, 98)

Kit7ibot bar kafon wo naql-i ojszd pas or dofn, Persian MS: Ust idi (ca t . , p.55)

, ON IMPURITIES

ONYMOUS (written before 907):

Uukm mul5qTqT ol-nojis MS: Mar'ashi 256417 (ca t . , VII, p . 153)

RisZila IT me tonojjos bo'duh wa ishtoboh mowy'i' a/-nijiiso MSS: DZnishgih 2144140 (ca t . , 'X, p . 828) : ShirZz, DZnishgih

UJJAMMAD Y U S U F B. BASAN AL-IjUSAYNi AL-ASTARABAD~ (mid

Abktm-I nijzstt , Persian MS: Mar'ashi 225212 (ca t . , VI, pp.237-8)

AL-SHAHTD AL-THANI :

Riscilo fT bukm me idhc tuyuqqin 01-fahero wo 'I-nijZiso wo shukk 'I-szbiq minhum5, included in his Mojmz'ot a/-itZdFt (see above,

A Y N A L - ' A B I D ~ N AL-TABRTZT (10th century):

Risclo fT bukm 01-'oroq min ol-mutonojjis MS: Masjid-i A'zam 308511

AMIN AL-ASTARABADT: RisSilo fi fohiirot 01-khomr MS: DZnishgih 1257112 (ca t . , VII, p.2667)

AIjMAD B. Z A Y N A L - ' A B I D ~ N A L - ' A M I L ~ ( d . after 1044):

RisZlo fT nijiisot 01-khamr, in refutation of the previous treatise MSS: DinishgZh 3749 (ca t . , XII, p.2743); Adahiyyiit 25112 Kirmin (ca t . , p.40); SipahsilZr 2916123, 450612 (ca t . , I , p.283)

$AFT AL-DiN B. FAKHR A L - D ~ N AL-TURAYIji AL-NAJAFi (d . after 1100):

Al-Yonbi7' 01-munbojis fi 'I-rodd 'ulcmon qiil inno 'I-munojjis 1; yunojjis MS: Masjid-i A'cam 96612: Buriijirdi (AB, XI, p.201)

AL-MAI~UZI :

pp.220-I) Fog1 a/-khifcb f7 nijtsot Ah1 ol-Kit7ib wo 'I-Nu&b MS: Najaf, J az i ' i r i (Nosh., VII, p.717)

AIjMAD A L - B A I ~ R ~ N ~ : - Risi;lo fi tobq7q ghus5lot ol-nijiiso

130 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW MONOGRAPIIS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION 131

MS: Princeton 229113 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.139) AYKH AL-SHART'A - Fatb Allih b . Muhammad Jawid al-Namizi al-Igfahini ( d . 1339):

Ris i i lo fT bukm rnuliiqT ol-mutonojjis MS: Princeton 229120 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.139) lfiiClot a/-QadTr f i abkiim 01-'ogTr

MS: Mar'asili 1319 ( c a t . , IV, p.105) KHALAF B . 'ABD 'ALT A L - B A J J R A N ~ (da . a f t e r 1182):

Risiila f i nijiisot 'oroq 01-junub min ol-bariim MS: IJakim 2205m Risiilo fT tan178 01-mutonoijis

Edition: Najaf, 1343 ( together with his uiishiyat 01-Mokzsib)

UUSAYN B. ABI ' L - Q ~ S I M A L - M ~ S A W ~ AL-KHWANSART ( d . 1191):

Risiilo tT tanojjus rnuliiqT a/-mutonoijis Edition: Igfahdn, 1377 ( together with Muhammad Biq i r a l -Khwins i r i t s Risiilo f i 'odom ton175 a/-mutonojjis a/-Nohriyya) Edition; n . p . ( I r a n ) , 1337 ( together with his Wiqiiyot 01-odhhiin) MSS: Mar'ashi 151916 ( c a t . , IV, p .320)

sij 'ABD ALLAH B . NA$R ALLAH AL-ZANJANT ( d . 1360): HUSAYN A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ : Risiilo f7 iohiirot Ah1 01-Kit& - Risiilo f i bukrn 01-howiirnrn wa 'I-sow?mm wo 'I-boshoriit Edition: Baghdad, 1345

MSS: Radawi 259512 ( c a t . , 11, p .118) ; Zanjini 7612 ( c a t . , pp.220-1) 6. ON VESSELS

- Risiila f7 ton175 01-mutonajjis MSS: Radawi 259513 ( c a t . , 11, p .118) ; Zanjini 7613 ( c a t . , pp.220-1) AL-MUJTAHID:

A L - B I H B A H A N ~ : Risiila fi 'I-awiinT MS: Diinishgdh 2144145 ( c a t . , IX, p.832)

Mos'alo f7 bukrn ' o~Tray a/-tomr wa 'I-zobTb MSS: Radawi 7220 ( c a t . , V , p.442); Gulpiiyigiini 1820121 ( c a t . , 111, p . 92)

ANONYMOUS:

Risiilo ;lo bukrn isti'rniil owiinT ol-dhahob wo 'I-fiq'da fi 'I-fohiiro AL-SHAFTT : MS: Majlis 180415 ( c a t . , IX, p.321)

Risiilo f i toi1iTr alk'a17n bi-tokhbrzih wo 'odornih A L - A S H T I Y A N ~ : MS: Burii j irdi (AB, XI, p.149)

Risiilo fT bukrn owZnT 01-dhahab wo 'I-fiQ'Q'o ASAD ALLAH B . M U U A M M A D B ~ Q I R AL-SHAFT? ( d . 1290): Edition: Tehran , 1313 ( together with h i s lziibat 01-shukiik)

Risiilo fi 'I-'asTr alkCinabT wo 'I-zobTbT wa 'I-tarnrT 'ABD A L - R A S ~ L A L - F ~ R ~ Z K O H T : MS: Rawa5ti (Mu'allim, 111, p p . 837-8)

Risiilo fi 'I-owiinT AUMAD B . MUUAMMAD BAQIR AL-MnSAWi A L - B I H B A H ~ ~ N ? ( d . a f t e r Edition: Tehran , 1321

1294) : ABU 'L-MAKARIM A L - Z A N J ~ N ~ :

TanbTh 01-c~niim f i Jahiirot 'oroq a/-junub min 01-boriim MS: Din i shg ih 934 ( c a t . , V, p . 1834) Risiila f7 burrnot owiinT 01-dhohob wo 'I-fiQ'p'o

MS: Zanjini 113 ( c a t . , p.240) MUUAMMAD TAQf AL-HA RAW^:

7. COMPLEMENTARY DISCUSSIONS Risiila f i 'oraq ol-junub rnin a/-boriim MS: DZnishgiih 371313 ( c a t . , XII, p.2713) MULLA MU'MIN - Muhammad b . JJasan al-Tabrizi (ear ly 14th cen tu ry) :

MUUAMMAD H ~ S H I M B. ZAYN AL-'ABIDTN AL-MijSAWi AL-KHWANSART Risiiio f i jowiiz balq 01-libya ( d . 1318): Edition: Tabr iz , 1300

MS: Princeton 1076 New Series Hall a 1 'asik f7 abkFm 01- 'osTr Edition: Tehran , 1317 ( in his Ma'din 01-fowii'id) BASAN B. HADT AL-$ADR A L - ' ~ N I I L ~ ( d . 1354):

MUJJAMMAD RIpA B. 'ALi AL-ASTARAB%DT ( d . a f t e r 1325): - Dhikrii dhgwT 01-nuhii f7 burrnot balq a/-IibZ MS: DZnishgiih 551812 ( c a t . , XVI, p.27)

Risiilo f7 nijiisot Ah1 01-Kitiib Edition: India , 1324 - Al-Ghiiliyo li-ah1 01-on~iir a/-'F1iyo = Risiilo dor burmat-i r i ihtorFsh7,

MS: Fayoiyya 207111 ( c a t . , 111, p.175)

134 AN INTRODUCTION TO S H ? ' ~ LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION 135

(ca t . , p.354); Majlis 464512 (ca t . , XIII, p .34); Mar'ashi 959 (ca t . , I , 1 5 1 ; Dinishgih 2144136, 101517, 587612 (ca t . , V , p.1951, IX, p.828, XVI, p.387); Raoawi 2500 (ca t . , 11, p .90); Masjid-i A'za 57512

- Al-Hidiiya = WZjibiit 01-galCt MS: Los Angeles MI31314 (ca t . , p.724); Rawdati (AB, XXV, pp. 164

- Mi$bCb oIkmubtod7 MSS: Los Angeles M131318 (ca t . , p.724); Tustariyya 87311 (ca t . , pp.878-9); Radawi 2652 ( ca t . , 11, p . 136); Milli, Arabic 1919110, 80012 ( ca t . , VIII, p.303, X, p.584); Kishini (ca t . , p.252); Faydiyy 183512 (ca t . , 111, p.139); Radawi 2651-2, 6038 (ca t . , 11, p.136, V , p . 506); DZnishgih 7045 ( ca t . , XVI, p.438); Ilihiyyit 58312d (ca t . , p.336); Waziri 245612, 320113 (ca t . , V, pp . 1300, 1569); Gulpiyigin 99911 (ca t . , 11, p.219); Masjid-i A'zam 116015

- Shadhrot a l - n o g d MSS: Los Angeles M131316 (ca t . , p.724); Majlis 883413

IBRAHTM B. LAYTH A L - H U S A Y N ~ (mid-9th ccentury):

A/-Muqoddorna a/ - for ' iyyo MS: Princeton 399212 Yahuda (ca t . , p . 149)

A L - T U W A L ~ N ~ - Shams al-Din 'Ali al-Nabiriri al-'Amili (mid-9th century) :

KifCyot a / -muhtad i = 01-TuwalCniyyo MSS: Radawi 2283, 2718, 6187 (ca t . , 11, p.22, V , p.390); Ilihiyyit 16813d (ca t . , I , p.251); Dinishgih 116311 (ca t . , VI, p.2233); Milli 119011 Arabic ( ca t . , IX, p.175): Los Angeles M9715 ( c a t . , p.663)

IBN ABi JUMHBR:

al-Astar ibidi , MS: IlihiyyZt 304d (ca t . , I , p . 28); (5-7) three anony- mous or unidentified Persian translations: ( a ) MS: Masjid-i Jimi' 31314 (ca t . , p.383); ( b ) MS: India Office 121 Ashburner (ca t . , p .78); (c ) MS: Bankipzre 1247 (cat . Persian, I , p . 199) In verse: 01- 'Abidiyyo, by 'Abd al-ausayn b . 'Ahd al-Ria; aalKieimi ( d . after 1120), MS: Buriijirdi (AB, XV, p.204) Commentaries: (1) by the author , MSS: Dinishgih 87217 ( ca t . , V, p . 1862); Radawi 11312 law (ca t . , 11, p .34); (2) a/-MofChb 01- Mu?offoriyyo, by Mubarnmad b . p b i Tilib al-Miisawi al-Astaribidi ( d . after 940), selected MSS: Asafiyya 146 S h i ' i law (ca t . , 11, pp . 245-6); Ragawi 2622-3, 2478-80,6497 (ca t . , 11, pp.83-4, 126-7, V, pp . 506-7); JJujjatiyya 121 (ca t . , p.86); JJuqiiq 31d, 320j ( ca t . , p.469); Malik 2380, 2797 (ca t . , I , p.688); Majlis 33, 139 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, p.153); Dinishgih 269411, 6659 (ca t . , X, p.1577, XVI, p.327); Matbaf 2806, 3038 ( ca t . , I , p .256); India Office 1811 (ca t . , 11, p.314); (3) a/ -Chorowiyyo, by Sharaf al-Din 'Ali al-ausayni al-Astaribidi fd. after 938). MSS: Radawi 2499 (ca t . , 11, p . 90); Princeton 193511 New Series; Hakim 58 ( N d s h . , V, p.423); ( 4 7 01-voydariyyo, by Shah Tihir b . Radi al--Din al-Ijusayni al-Ismi'ili al-Dakani ( d . 952), MSS: Raaawi 2621 (ca t . , V, p.455, 507); Los Angeles M829 ( c a t . , p.216); (5) by al-Maysi, MS: ZanjZn ( ca t . , p.113); ( 6 ) Shorb khutbat ol- Jo ' for iyyo, by Mubammad Mahdi al-Radawi al-Mashhadi ( d . af ter 954), MS: IlihiyyZt 9911 (Cat., I , p.715); (7) by 'Abd al-Hayy al-Ashraqi al-Juri ini . MS: Bencal 634 ( ca t . , I . 0.313); (8 ) 01-FawC',d 01-'ol iyvo, by al-iradil a l - ~ a u u i d , ~ ~ ~ ~ : Gharb 1132 (ca t . , p.167); Mar'ashi 1 7 i 2 ( ca t . . V . ww.103-4); Mailis 9391; ShirZzi (AB, XVI, p.350); kaw&ti '(cat. , I , pp. 260 f f ) ; (9) 01-Ashi"a a ~ - b o d r i ; ~ o , by Mubammad Ismi'il al-Fadi ' i al-Kazzizi, MS: Masjid-i A'zam 386, 9272-4: ( l n ) hv 'Ali Akbar b . Ibrihim al-KhwZnsZri ( d . 1271). MSS: - . ~ - - , -, . . Gulpivie;ani 89 (ca t . , I , p .92) ; (11) anonymous, MS: GawharshZd - - - 560 ( ca t . , p.318)

A/-Risiila 01-Barmakiyyo A/-Najmiyyo, on dogmatics and prayer Translation: Persian, MS: Dinishgih 1015141 (ca t . , V, pp.1827-8) MSS: ?dahdawi 50012 ( c a t . , p . 120); ha(lawi 2746 ( c a t . , V, p.526):

Gulpiyigini 4314 ( c a t . , 1, p .54); Los Angeles M1051 ( ca t . , p.707) AL-MAYST - Niir al-Din 'Ali b . 'Abd al-'A17 ( d . 938): Commentary: 01-Kowiikib a / - d u r r i y y o , by Busayn b . 'Ali al-Uwili

WGibCt 01-$oliit al-Hajari, MS: Radawi 2543 (ca t . , 11, p.104)

MS: Matbaf 186 (ca t . . I , p.239) Mo'FnT of':/ ol-crilzt ., ~. .. M S : Gharb 4 1 5 6 ( ca t . , p.380)

A L - K A R A K T :

- AlkAlf iyya A B B ~ B . MUUAMMAD RIPA AL-TUNT ( d . aftdr 9491:

MSS: KhZligi ( c a t . , p .67) ; Gulpiyigini 4312 ( ca t . , I , p.54) WalTzo fT f o rd 01-$olCt

- A 1 lo ' fn r i i / vn MS: Milli 1028 Arabic ( ca t . , IX, p.31) . . . - - ,-..,,- Editions: Tehran, 1314, 1318 Selected MSS: Raoawi 2319, 2316, 2321, 2325 ( ca t . , 11, pp.32-3); Majlis 546 Tabatabi ' i , 1161 ~ a b i t a b ' a ' i , 311212 (cat . , X , pp. 674-5) ; Waairi 95211 (ca t . , 11, p . 784); 'Abd al-'Azim 12211 (ca t . , p.438); Uinishgih 87217 ( ca t . , V , pp. 1841-2); Mahdawi 50011 ( c a t . , p.120); Mar'ashi 68011 (ca t . , 11, p.273); Nawwib 18 law (ca t . , p.454); Di r al-Kutub 21237 (ca t . , I , p.400); Bankipore 844 (cat . Arabic, I , p.84) Translation: (1) Persian, by Llasan b . 'Abd al-GhaffZr (early 10th century) , MS: Majlis 311211 ( ca t . , X , p.673); (2) Persian, by Abu '1-Ma'ili b . Badr al-Din JJasan al-Yusayni al-Astaribidi ( d . after 9351, MSS: Tiflis 699110 (Nash . , VIII, p.260); sahib al-Dhari'a (AB, IV, pp.94, 104); (3 ) Persian, by 'Ali b . JJasan al-Zawiri, MS: Waziri 228412 (ca t . , IV, p.1232); (4) Persian, by wasan b . GhiyZth

MUJJAMMAD B. JJARITH A L - M A N $ ~ ~ R ~ A L - B A ~ R A N T ( d . after 952):

Ai-Soyf iyyo, on dogmatics and prayer MS: Majlis 433912 (ca t . , XII, p.38)

KAMAL AL-DTN FIUSAYN B. FAQL ALLAH A L - D ~ M G H ~ N ~ ( d . after 972):

WCjibiit 01-$alZt MS: xs t i na 38311 ( c a t . , p.232)

'ABD AL-'ALi A L - K A R A K ~ :

Ai-NizZmiyyo Commentary: HCd7 01-muQ'illTn wo murshid a/-mu$oll i i?, by 'Abd al-HZdi b . RafT' al-Din Ijusayn al-FIusayni al-DilijZni ( d . after 10481, MSS:

136 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OFDEVOTION 137

Mar'ashi 801, 1167, 2153 (ca t . , 111, pp.1, 339, VI, p.160) MSS.: Gharb 2435 (ca t . , pp.203-4); Najaf, Jazi ' i r i (AB, XV,

@.BIB AL-MA'ALIM: VAMMAD TAHIR B . RAPT AL-DTN MUJJAMMAD A L - F ~ U S A Y N ~ (rorly 12th

Al- l thno 'oshar iyyo MSS: SipahsiIir 606211 (ca t . , 111, pp.42-3); Dinishgih 370214 (cat XI, p.2016) Toqwiin ol-$alFt , Persian

Commentaries: (1) a/-AnwZr aolqornoriyya, by Fay$ Allih b . 'Abd Edition: Tehran, 1364

Qihi r al-JJusayni al-Tafrishi ( d . 10251, MS: _Nujiimi (ca t . , p . 293 MSS: Majlis 2049, 4731 (ca t . , VI, p.47, XIII, pp.111-12); Milli 293312f

(2 ) by Mubarnmad b . Ffasan al-'Amili, MSS: Aqafivya 96 S h i ' i law (ca t . , VI, pp.677-8)

( c a t . , 11, pp. 243-4); Hamadin, Madrasa-yi Dimghani ( N a s h . , V, p.384); (3) by Bahi ' al-Din al-'Amili, MSS: Radawi 2729 (ca t . , V, MAD A L - B A ~ R ~ N ~ :

p.405); Dinishgih 918112 (ca t . , V, pp.1855-6); Adabiyyit 1413d Al-MasF'il 01-khomsa (ca t . , pp. 197-8); Majlis 371816, 596011 ( c a t . , X, pp.1694-5, XVII, MS: Majlis 270112 (ca t . , IX, p.4) p ,344); Masjid-i Jimi' 29912 (ca t . , p . 377); Sipahsilir 793911 (cat . IV, pp. 139-40); (4) a/-Fowc' id a/-Ghorawiyya, by Sharaf al-Din 'Ali BIB AL-JJADA'IQ: Ijujjat Allah al-Shfilastini ( d . after 10571, MSS: Majlis 494411 ( c a t . , XVII, pp.327-8); Radawi 2509 ( ca t . , 11, p .92) ; Sipahsilir 6065 (cat RisFlo f i 'I-$al;t

V, p.386) Editions: Najaf, 1356, 1371 MS: Mar'ashi 345014 (cat . , IX, p.242)

B A H A ' AL-DiN A L - ' A M I L ~ : Shorb Risiilat 01-qolFt, a commentary on the previous work

Risiila rnukhta$oro fF f i qh 01-golot MSS: Mar'ashi 345015 (ca t . , IX, p.243); Radawi 6467 (ca t . , V,

MS: Bodleian Arab .e . 175 p.434); Ntirbakhsh 43711 (ca t . , 11, p. 132); Zanjin (ca t . , p . 114); Dinishgih 766711 (ca t . , XVI, p.668)

MU'IZZ AL-DIN AL-MUSAWT: - Risiilo f i ' I -$o lc t , different from above

Tubfat al-Rid5 MS: Mareashi 345016 (ca t . , IX, pp.243-5) MS: Radawi 6533 (ca t . , V, pp.379-81)

USAYN AL 'USFOR: ANONYMOUS (written before 1057): Ai-Nafba 01-qudsiyya

A / -R is3o 01-rna'nawiyya MSS: Marcashi 2475 (ca t . , VII, p.66); Ust idi (ca t . , p.66) MS: Gulpiyigini 199111 (ca t . , 111, pp. 129-30)

BU TALIB B. ABI 'L-JJASAN AL-IjUSAYNi A L - Q U M M ~ (mid-13th

MIIUAMMAD A L - F ~ U S A Y N ~ ( d . after 1074):

Risiilo fi ' I-$ali i t IrshCd 01-$Clibin, Persian

MS: DinishgZh 2155 (ca t . , IX, p.850) MS: Milli 1942f (ca t . , IV, p.407)

ABU ' L - Q ~ S I M A L - G U L P ~ Y I G ~ N ~ :

A I-Masclik MatFli' 01-onwiir, a commentary on the chapter on prayer of

MSS: Radawi 5721 (ca t . , V, p . 500); Milli 294 Arabic (ca t . , VII, al-Mu4aqqiq1s ShorF' i ' 01-IslFrn pp. 262-3) Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 2799, 1632, 1900, 1906, 1913, 1929, 2980, 3304

(ca t . , V, pp.35, 272-3, 277, 285, 297,VII, p.367, VIII, p . 157, IX, ANONYMOUS (written before 1095): p . 84); Majlis 5788-90 (ca t . , XVII, pp. 221-3); Dinishgih 1000-2, 4888

(ca t . , V, pp. 2047-52, XIV, pp. 3937-8); Sipahsilir 2474-8 (ca t . , I , Risiilo f i 'I-$al?t pp. 459-61); Radawi 7971, 7976-80 (Binish, pp. 1016-17) MS: Dinishgih 271112 ( ca t . , X, p.1588)

USAYN B. D I L D ~ R ' A L ~ AL-NAS~RAB.XDT ( d . after 1250): AL-MAJLIST 11:

MonZihij ol-tadqTq wa mo'Fri j a/-tabqTq Adiib 01-golot , Persian Edition: India (AB, XXII, p.343) MS: Mar'ashi 18711 (ca t . , I , p . 205)

A F , - M ~ I ; ~ ~ Z T :

- Al-FawF'id 01-sariyyo, a commentary on the treatise on prayer of Bah Edition: Tehran, 1305 al-Din al- 'Amili's a/-1 thno'oshar iyyo MS: Ustidi (ca t . , p.26) MS: Najaf, Jaz i ' i r i (AB, XVI, p.342) - K . a/-$ol?it, his lectures on prayer compiled by one of his pupils

- Wiijibat 01-$olZt MS: Majlis 44 Tabatabi ' i

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'i LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION 137

Mar'ashi 801, 1167, 2153 ( ca t . , 111, pp.1, 339, VI, p.160) MSS: Gharb 2435 (ca t . , pp.203-4); Najaf, Jazi ' i r i (AB, XV,

$ABIB AL-MA'XLIM: BAMMAD TAHIR B. RAPT A L - D ~ N MUUAMMAD AL-BUSAYNT (rnrly 12th

A/- I thnZ 'ashar iyyo MSS: Sipahsilir 606211 ( c a t . , 111, pp.42-3); DZnishgih 370214 (cat XI, p.2016) ToqwTm 01-golZt , Persian

Commentaries: (1) 01-An wZr a/-qomoriyyo, by Fayd Allih b . 'Abd Edition: Tehran, 1364 Qihir al-ausayni al-Tafrishi ( d . 1025), MS: -Nujiimi ( ca t . , p.293); MSS: Majlis 2049, 4731 (cat . , VI, p.47, XIII, pp. 111-12) ; Milli 293312f (2) by MuQammad b . wasan 31-'Amili, MSS: Asafivya 96 Sh i ' i law (ca t . , VI, pp. 677-8)

(ca t . , 11, pp . 243-4); Hamadsn, Madrasa-yi Dimghirni ( N o s h . , V, p.384); (3) by Bahi ' al-Din alkCAmili, MSS: Radawi 2729 ( ca t . , V, UMAD A L - B A ~ R ~ N ? :

p.405); DZnishgZh 918112 (ca t . , V, pp.1855-6): AdabiyyXt 1413d A/-MosZ'ii 01-khamso (ca t . , pp . 197-8); Majlis 371816, 596011 ( ca t . , X, pp.1694-5, XVII, MS: Majlis 270112 (cat . , IX, p.4) p . 344); Masjid-i &mi' 29912 ( ca t . , p . 377); Sipahsilir 793911 ( ca t . , IV, p p . 139-40); (4) 01-Fowz'id a/-Chorowiyya, by Sharaf al-Din 'Ali ABIB AL-UADA'IQ: Bujjat AllZh al-ShiilastZni ( d . after 1057), MSS: Majlis 494411 ( ca t . , XVII, pp . 327-8); Radawi 2509 (ca t . , 11, p . 92); SipahsiTar 6065 (ca Risiilo f i 'I-galZt V, p.386) Editions: Najaf, 1356, 1371

MS: Mar'ashi 345014 (ca t . , 1X;p. 242)

BAHA' AL-DTN AL-%MILT: Shorb RisZlot 01-salZt, a commentary on the previous work

RisZIo mukhtogoro f7 f iqh 01-goliit MSS: Mar'ashi 345015 (ca t . , IX, p . 243); Radawi 6467 (cat . , V,

MS: Bodleian Arab.e. 175 p.434); Niirbakhsh 43711 ( ca t . , 11, p . 132); Zanjin (ca t . , p . 114); DZnishgih 766711 (ca t . , XVI, p.668)

MU'IZZ A L - D ~ N A L - M ~ S A W ~ : Risiilo f i "I-golZt, different from above

Tubfot 01-Rip'; MS: Mar'ashi 345016 (ca t . , IX, pp.243-5) M S : Ragawi 6533 (ca t . , V , pp.379-81)

IjUSAYN AL 'u$FOR:

ANONYMOUS (written before 1057): Al-Nafba ol-qudsiyyo

Al-RisZIo a/-mo'nawiyyo MSS: Marcashi 2475 (ca t . , VII, p.66); Ust idi (ca t . , p.66) MS: Gulpiyigini 199111 (ca t . , 111, pp.129-30)

ABU TALIB B. ABI 'L-JJASAN AL-BUSAYNI AL-QUMM'~ (mid-13th

MIlIjAMMAD A L - Y U S A Y N ~ ( d . af ter 1074):

RisZla f i ' I - ~ a l Z t I rshZd 01-gZiibTn, Persian

MS: DZnishgXh 2155 (ca t . , IX, p.850) MS: Milli 1942f (ca t . , IV, p.407)

ABU 'L-QASIM AL-GULPLYIGAN'I:

A I-MasZilik Motiili' 01-onwcr, a commentary on the chapter on prayer of

MSS: Ragawi 5721 (ca t . , V, p . 500); Milli 294 Arabic ( ca t . , VII, al-MuQaqqiqls ShorE'i ' 01-lsliim pp. 262-3) Selected MSS: ~ a r ' a s h i 2799, 1632, 1900, 1906, 1913, 1929, 2980, 3304

(ca t . , V, pp.35, 272-3, 277, 285, 297,VII, p.367, VIII, p.157, I X ,

ANONYMOUS (written before 1095): p .84); Majlis 5788-90 (cat . , XVII, pp . 221-3): Dinishgih 1000-2, 4888 (ca t . , V, pp.2047-52, XIV, pp.3937-8); SipahsiGr 2474-8 (ca t . , I ,

RisZlo f i 'I-$ol;t pp.459-61); Radawi 7971, 7976-80 (Binish, pp.1016-17) MS: DinishgZh 271112 ( c a t . , X, p.1588)

BUSAYN B . DILDAR 'ALT AL-NA$TRABADI ( d . af ter 1250): AL-MAJLIST 11:

MonEhij ol-tadqTq wo mo'Zri j 01-tobqTq ZdZb a/-goiEt , Persian Edition: India (AB, XXII, p.343) MS: Mar'ashi 18711 (ca t . , I , p.205)

AL-MAHUZT : - Al-FowZ' idg l -sar iyyo, a commentary on the treatise on prayer of Bahi Edition: Tehran, 1305

al-Din al- 'Amili's 01-l thnZCashoriyyo MS: UstXdi (ca t . , p.26) MS: Najaf, Jazi ' i r i (AB, XVI, p.342) -

K . a/-SolZt, his lectures on prayer compiled by one of his pupils - WZjibCt 01-goliit MS: Majlis 44 7abZiabZ.i

138 AN INTRODUCTION TO s H I ' ~ LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION 139

AL-<IA ' IR~ - 'Abd al-Karim b . Muhammad Ja'far al-Yazdi ( d . 1355): ON THE DIRECTION OF PRAYER^ - K . a/ -$al i i t

Edition: Tehran, 1353 ADHAN B . J IBRI 'TL A L - Q U M M ~ ( d . after 593): - K . 01-;SdFt, his lectures on prayer compiled by Makmud al-Xshtiyini

Edition: Tehran, 1387-90 Editions: Tehran, 1311, 1390 (both in al-Majlisi 11's BibCr oolonwi ; r , first edition, XVIII, part 2, pp. 153-6; second edition, LXXXIV,

AL-NA'TNT: Selected MSS: Majlis 4339111, 519412, 2761116 (ca t . , IX, p.164, XII,

K . a l - S d i i t , his lectures on prayer compiled by Mubarnmad Taqi p.42, XVI, p.24): RaJawi 6045, 7187 (Binish, p.587); Gulpiyigzni al-Amuli 239715 (ca t . , 111, p.245); Mar'ashi 679 ( ca t . , 11, p.272); Dinishgih Edition: Tehran, 1372-3 (3 vols.) 88213 ( ca t . , V , pp.1774-5)

AL-BUROJIRDI :

NihZyot 01- toqrTr , his lectures on prayer complied by Muhammad al- I s t i bb i i b 01-tayi isur li-oh1 o l - ' I r i i q Muwapuidi al-Lankarini Editions: Tehran, 1307 (in al-Shahid a l -Thin i l s Rawp' o l - j i n i i n , between Edition: Qurn, 1376 ( 2 vols.) pp. 199-200) and others

Selected MSS: Dinishgih 88214, 288812, 592313 ( c a t . , V, p . 1838, X, 2. ON TIMES OF PRAYER p.1733, XVI, p.154); Majlis 398818, 3280122 (ca t . , X, pp.900-1, 2165);

Radawi 7188 ( c a t . , V, p.430); Ust idi ( ca t . , p .69) . It is also included BAYAZTD A L - T H ~ N ~ : in Ibn Fahd's o l -Muhodhdhob a / - b i i r i * , the chapter on prayer. A wq i i t al-gol i i t MS: DinishgZh 944111 (ca t . , V, p p . 1784-5)

Risi i lo f i ' I - q i b l o (see AB, XVII, p.45) AL-MAJLISf 11: MSS: Milli 1493111 Arabic (ca t . , X, 0.621); Dinishgih 359716 (ca t . ,

A wq i i t - i n a m i i l , Persian MSS: Mar'ashi 187117, 305013 (ca t . , I , pp.211-12, VIII, p.269)

USAYN B. 'ABD AL-SAMAD: A L - ~ A u O z i : Tub fa t ah1 01-TmZn

Ris i i lo fT owq i i t 01-zoliit MSS: Majlis 183619 (ca t . , IX, p p . 487-8); Milli 194314 Arabic (ca t . , MS: Busayniyyat Kishif al-Ghiti' 55 ( A B , X I , p.124) X, p . 617); GawharshZd 175012 (ca t . , p.368); GulpiyigZnT 4811

(ca t . , I , p .58); Raaawi 7386 (Binish, p.633) AL-MUKHTLRI: Qib lo t ' I r Z q o lk 'a jam wo Khu r i i s i i n

H i ~ i i n 01-yowiiqTt MSS: Mar'ashi 74414 (ca t . , 11, p .346); FayJiyya 167911 (ca t . , 111, MS: Mar'ashi 338215 (ca t . , IX, p.160) p.117); Gulpiyigini 4814 (ca t . , I , p.58)

ABMAD AL-BAJJRANT : NONYMOUS:

T o ' r q 'dci mobbath al-zowii l min 01-Rowp'a a / -boh iyyo Ris i i lo fT mo ' r i f o t 01-qibia MSS: Dinishgih 752411 (cat. , XVI, p .608) : Princeton 22916 Yahuda MS: Sipahsilir 84012 (ca t . , V, p.398) ( c a t . , p . 138)

AJJMUD A L - ~ U S A Y N ~ A L - S H ~ L A S T A N ~ : IBN TAWQ AL-BA~RANT: Risi i lo fT mo ' r i fa t 01-qiblo

I d r i i k 01-rok 'a f i ' I -woqt MS: Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 77315 (ca t . , I , pp.416-17) MS: Mar'ashi 235815r11 (ca t . , VI, pp.335, 337)

'ALL' AL-MULK FAOIL KHAN (10th century): ' A L ~ B . MUIJAMMAD JJUSAYN A L - S H A H R A S T A N ~ ( d . 1344): Risi; lo fT tobqTq 01-qiblo

Ris i i lo fT mo ' r i fa t waqt a / -moghr ib MS: Sipahsilir 2925111 (ca t . , 111, pp.380-1) Edition: Tehran, 1320

AL-MUJTAHID:

Risi i lo f i ' I - q i b l o Translation: Persian, by Muhammad Qidiq al-Sirkini , MS: Ustidi

For S h i ' i scientific works on the subject see AB, XVII, pp.37-46.

140 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'i LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

BAHA' AL-DTN AL-'AMILY: ON CLOTHES FOR PRAYER

RisZla f i tabq iq johot al-qibla Selected MSS: DZnishgZh 82114, 91819, 98713, 162612, 400516, 4316 O R ALLAH A L - T U S T A R ~ : (ca t . , V, pp.1853-4, VIII, p.210, XII, p.2993, XIII, p.3279); SipahsZEr 267016, 753919, 754214,8190112 (ca t . ; I , pp.419-20, 111, RisZla f~ tobq iq mii l i i totimm al-$aliit f i h

p.44, IV, p.133); Mar'ashi 10414, 100315 (sa t . , I , p.126, 111, p MS: IlZhiyyZt 5119d (Cat., I , p.127)

GulpZyigZni 4812, 14612 (ca t . , I , pp.58, 135); Masjid-i A'qam 4 Princeton 15112 New Series; Raoawi 6544 (cat . , V, p.438)

HA' A L - D ~ N A L - ' A M I L ~ :

MUJJAMMAD Y A J ~ Y A B. S H A R ~ F A L - S ~ W I J ~ (d . after 1075): Editions: Tehran, 1315 (in the collection of Kalimiit a/-mubaqqiqil 1318 (in the margin of al-KhurZsZni's Duror ol- fowi i ' id)

Minhiij o l -qibla, Persian MS: Mar'ashi 1453 (cat . , IV, p.242) MS: DZnishgZh 91813 (cat . , V , P.1875)

MUJJAMMAD B. MUIJAMMAD Z A M ~ N AL-KHSHANT ( d . after 1172):

Qibla-yi I thnZ 'oshor iyya, Persian Al-Dhahobiyyo

MSS: DZnishgZh 706012 (ca t . , XVI, p.442); AdabiyyZt, 1895 (c MS: DZnishgZh 79113 (Cat., V, P. 1883)

pp. 376-7); Majlis 627, 196617 (Cat., IX, pp.682-4); Niirbakhsh (cat . , I , p.131) 247613 (cat . , VII, p.68)

MUJJAMMAD $ ~ L I I J B. MUBAMMAD SA'f D AL-KHALKHALT (d . 1175) : Risiiia f i 'l-libo's ol-moshkck MS: Majlis 375211 (ca t . , X, p.1736)

Al- lb i ina 01-marp'iyya, a commentary on the relevant discussion in al- Shahid al-ThZni's ol-Rawp'a 01-bohiyyo uSAYN AL-QAZWTNT: Edition: Tehran 1313

MukhtZr oolmadhhab fT mii y a ~ b a b u h al-insi in min al-dhohab MS: Mar'ashi 2786 (cat . , VII, pp. 349-50); DinishgZh 5830 (ca t . , MSS: Raoawi 259511 (ca t . , 11, p.118): zanjini 7611 (ca t . , pp. XVI, p.30)

MUIJAMMAD JA'FAR AL-ASTARAB~DT: Izi ibat a / -shuk i ik f i 'I- l ibi is al-mashkiik RisZla f i ' I -q ibla

MS: Mar'ashi 306612 (cat . , VIII, p.287) Edition: Tehran, 1313

' A L ~ B. RIPA AL BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M : MAD J ~ U S A Y N AL-SHAHRASTANT :

~ j s i j / o f i mo'r i fat bukm 01-moshkiik rnin 01-libiis RisZlo f i ' I -q ibla Edition: Tehran, 1291 (together with his al-Burhi in al-qi ic i ' ) Edition: Tehran, 1320

' A L ~ B. 'ABD ALLAH AL-'ALYART AL-TABR~ZT (d . 1321): UBAMMAD B . MUYAMMAD BAQIR AL-JJUSAYNT AL-FTROZABADT

Minhii j al-millo fT t a ' y i n ol-waqt wa 'I-qibla,as a commentary on the relevant discussions in al-Shahid al-ThZni's above-mentioned work JZmi' al-kalim

MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XXIII, p.176) Edition: Najaf, 1339

MUUAMMAD 'ALf B. MUUAMMAD N A $ ~ R AL-MUDARRIS AL-GTLANT AL-BALAGHT :

( d . 1334): Risiila f i 'I-IibZs aolmashkiik Edition: Najaf, 1352 (together with his ui ish iyat al-makiisib)

AI-Waqt wa ' I -q ib la , a commentary on the relevant discussions in al-Shahid al-Thini's above-mentioned work AL-:RAWANT - 'Ali b . 'Abd al-IJusayn al-Najafi (d . 1353): Edition: Tehran, 1323 MS: Mar'ashi 207811 (cat . , VI, p. 91) Al-Dhahab al-mosbiik

Edition: Tehran,1367 MUJJAMMAD HASHIM B. MUIJAMMAD ' A L ~ AL-KHURASANT (d . 1352):

Risiila dar mo'rifat- i q ib la , Persian Editions: Tehran, 1332, 1352, Mashhad, 1350 Risiila f i ' I- l ibi is al-mashkiik

Edition: Najaf, 1357-8 (together with his Munyot a l - t i i l ib )

QIYA' A L - D ~ N A L - ' A R ~ Q ~ :

Risiila f i ' I- l ibi is al-mashkiik

142 AN INTRODUCTION T O SHT'T LAW MONOGRAPHS ON A C T S O F DEVOTION 1

E d i t i o n s : Na ja f , n . d . , Q u m , 1394 ( b o t h t o g e t h e r wi th , his Rawii ' i ' 'MIN B . MUIJAMMAD HASHIM A L - Y U S A Y N ~ (mid-12th 01-amX)

bbiib a/-shohiida bi-wilCyot 'A i7 b . Ab7 Ti i l ib f i ' l -odhiin ABU 'L-IJASAN B . MUIJAMMAD AL-ANGAJT A L - T A B R ~ Z ~ (d . 1357) :

Izi ibat a/- i l t ib i is ' an bukm 01-moshkiik min a/-lib55 M S : D i n i s h g i h 260313 ( c a t . , I X , P . 1457) Edi t ion : T a b r i z , 1313

~ T R B . MUVAMMAD MA'SUM: MUUAMMAD J A ' F A R B . MUIJAMMAD TAHIR A L - S H ~ R T \ Z ~ ( d . 1395): Kanz a/-ShT'a

Izi ibat 01-shukijk 'on bukm 01-libiis a/-mashkijk M S : M a r ' a s h i 2517 ( c a t . , V I I , pp .102-3) Ed i t ion : ShTrZz, 1366

AL-KHU'i : ~ i s i i l o f7 kayf iyyot a/-adhiin wa ' I - toshahhud Risiila f i ' I - l ib i is a/-mashkijk MS: M a s h h a d , A d a b i y y a t 2516 ' F a y y i o ( c a t . , p p . 211-12) E d i t i o n : Na ja f , 1361

ASHIF AL-GHITA' : 5. ON PLACE O F PRAYER Risiila f i 'I-man' min a/-shahiida b i ' I -wi l i iya f i ' I-adhiin

M S : i n s e r t e d in t h e n e x t t r e a t i s e - 'ALT NAQT B . MUVAMMAD HASHIM AL-KAMARA'T A L - I ~ F A H ~ N T

( d . 1060): AL-AKHBART - MuQarnmad b . ' A b d a l -Nabi a l - N a y s i b u r i ( d . 1232): Risiila f i " Igo l i i t f i ' I-magh$ijb Risiila dar shahiidat bar wil i iyat dar odhi in , P e r s i a n MS: Majlis 333315 ( c a t . , X , p . 1 1 3 0 ) MS: Majlis 279716 ( c a t . , X , pp .72-3)

ZAYN A L - ' A B I D ~ N B . MUIJAMMAD YUSUF A L - I J U S A Y N ~ AL-LARTJANY MUUAMMAD B. ASGHAR UUSAYN AL-AMROHAWT ( d . a f t e r 1333): ( d . a f t e r 1168) :

- Biib-i j ini in, U r d u Kashf 01-matlijb fT buf l i in a/-$ali i t f i 'I-makiin 01-moghgijb MS: M a r ' a s h i 189112 ( c a t . , V , p . 2 6 6 ) MSS: Milli 108114 ( c a t . , I X , p . 7 5 ) : M a r e a s h i 3056 ( c a t . , V I I I , p . 2 7

- Khayr a/- 'omal, U r d u FJUSAYN AL-QAZW~N!: MS: M a r ' a s h i 189113 ( c a t . , V , p . 2 6 7 )

Risiilo f7 bukm a/- ' ib i ida f i 'I-makiin a/-mogh$ijb MSS: R a d a w i 259514 ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 1 8 ) ; Z a n j i n i 7614 ( c a t . , p p . 2 2 0 -

INCIDENTAL DISCUSSIONS

'ABD ALLAH AL-TUSTART: MUVAMMAD 'ALT B . MUIJAMMAD BAQIR AL- SHAFT^:

RisZila f7 idkhi i l 01-shohiida b i ' I -wi l i iyo f i ' I - tashohhud, i n c l u d e d i n Risiila f i ' I-$ali i t f i 'I-makiin a/-magh$ijb h i s 01-Rasii'il ( s e e a b o v e , c h a p t e r 5 ) MS: M a r ' a s h i 199512 ( c a t . , V , p . 3 6 6 )

IJAYDAR ' A L i A L - S H ~ R W ~ ~ N ~ ( e a r l y 1 2 t h c e n t u r y ) : 6 . ON CALL FOR PRAYER

Risiilo f7 wuj i ib a/-galiit 'o lo ' / -Nab7 MUIJAMMAD ~ ~ L I J J B . 'ABD A L - W ~ S I ' AL-KHWATUNABADT ( d . 1126): MS: DZnishgZh 429211 ( c a t . , X I I I , pp.3261-2)

Al-Tah/Tliyya = Hal 01-tahrl marrati in fT i i kh i r 01-iqiima aw marra MUIJAMMAD IJUSAYN A L - K H W A T U N A B A D ~ : wiibida MS: DZnishgZh 59114 ( c a t . , V , p .1837) Risiilo dar wuji jb-i golawiit, P e r s i a n

MS: U s t i d i ( c a t . , p . 5 5 ) MUVAMMAD HADT B . MUBAMMAD 8ALIkI AL-MAZANDARANI ( d . a r o u n d

1134): 7. ON RECITATION

Risiila Ti 'I-adhiin wa 'I-iqiima MS: N a w w i b 27112 ( c a t ., p . 4 7 4 )

'ABD ALLAH AL-TUSTART: Risiilo f i ' I - johr wo ' I - i k h E t f i ' I-awwalotayn, i n c l u d e d i n h i s

AL-SARAB - Mubarnmad b . ' a b d al-Fat tZb a l - - T u n u k Z b u n i ( d . 1124): a/-Rosi i ' i l ( s e e a b o v e , c h a p t e r 5)

Risiila f7 f u $ i l 01-adhiin wo 'I-iqiima BAHA' A L - D ~ N A L - ' A M I L ~ : MSS: D a n i s h g i h 88813 ( c a t . , V , pp .1960-1) ; G u l p a y i g Z n i 186213 ( c a t . , 111, p . 8 5 ) Risiilu f7 ist ibbiib 01-sijra f i ' I-galat

MSS: R a d a w i 242 law ( c a t . , 11, p . 7 4 ) ; M a r ' a s h i 100319 ( c a t . , 111,

1 4 4 AN INTRODUCTION TO S H ~ ' ? LAW

MUBAMMAD ~ A D I Q B. MUJJAMMAD AMTN AL-BILL? AL-SHTRAZT ( d 1057):

Risiila f7 istibbiib a / - s i ra MS: Dinishggh 712611 (ca t . , XVI, p.461)

R~siila Ii- afp'oliyyat 01-tasb7b 'ala ' I -q i rz 'a f i ' I-rak'atayn al- akh7ratyan MSS: Adabiyyit 27512 Kirmin (ca t . , p.42); Miftib 24415 (ca t . , p.230); Najaf, Jaz i ' i r i (Nash., VII, p.716)

Risiilo f7 koyfiyyat a/-tasbTb Ti 'I-akh7ratayn MS: Najaf, JazZ'iri (Nosh., VII, p . 716)

MUJJAMMAD JA'FAR B. MUBAMMAD BAQIR A L - S A B Z A W ~ R ~ :

AlTakbTrZit a/-sob ' MS: Mar'ashi 47813 (ca t . , 11, p.83)

AJJMAD AL-BAJJRAN? :

Risiila f7 jaw% a/- 'udi i l 'an kul l si j ra 'ado 'I-Jabd wa 'I-TawbTd MS: Princeton 229115 Yahuda (cat . , p.149)

Tadhkirat 01-wadiid = Risiila f7 istibbzb raf' a/-yadayn f i ' I-qunijt MS: Princeton 1317 New Series (fols. 23b-44b)

Risiilo f7 afdaliyyat al-tasb7b f i 'I-akhTratayn MS: Adabiyyit 25125 Fayyicj (ca t . , p.214)

' A L ~ B . MUJJAMMAD A L - M A Q ~ B ~ AL-BAI~RAN? :

Risiila f i ' I- jahr wo ' I - i khEt MS: Radawi 5216 (Binish, p.796)

MUJJAMMAD B. AfJMAD AL-BABRANT (late 12th centurv) :

RisZlo f7 wujijb 01-jahr b i 'I-tasbTbiit f i 'I-akh7rotayn = RisZila l i 'I-tasbThCt aolarba'a MS: Mailis 2312 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, p . 45)

IBN TAWQ A L - B A V R A N ~ : Risiila f7 wu j i b 01-ikhEt f7 ghayr 01-owwalatayn MS: Mar'ashi 2358116 (ca t . , VI, p.339)

AL-ASHTIYANT: Risiila f i ' / - jame bayn qagdoy 01-Qur'Zn wa ' / -due; ' Edition: Tehran, 1314 (together with his Risiila fT qii ' idat nafy a1 wa '1-barail

8. ON PROSTRATION

AL-KARAKY :

Risiila f7 jawiiz aolsujiid 'a10 ' I- turbo al-Husayniyya a/-mashwiyya MSS: Mar'ashi 128012 (ca t . , IV, p.80); Dinishgih 288811 (ca t . , p . 1732) ; D5r al-Kutub 20325 (ca t . , I , 0.388) ; Qidiriyya 523 (cat 11, p . 323) ; ShirZz, Dinishgih

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

D ALLAH AL-TUSTAR~ :

Risiila f7 k iEyat musammii 01-jabha f i 'I-sujid,included in his 01-Ra: (see above, chapter 5)

HA' AL-DIN A L - ' & M I L ~ :

Riszla f7 su j i d 01-tiliiwa MS: Dinishgih 708715 (cat. , XVI, p.449)

ON TERMINATING SALUTE

YAZTD AL-THANT :

Al-Tubfa a/-mardiyya = 01-Saliimiyya MS: DinishgZh 94417 (ca t . , V, p.1825)

Risiila f i 'I-taslTm f i 'I-$aliit MS: Tustariyya (AB, XI, p.147)

NONYMOUS (written in or before 1058):

Risiila fi wu j ib a/-tosliin f l 'I-galiit MS: Mar'ashi 138312 (ca t . , IV, p.157)

UVAMMAD TAHIR B. MUBAMMAD IJUSAYN AL-QUMM~ ( d . 1098):

MSS: Dinishgih 221513 (cat . , IX, p.891); Amir al-Mu'minin (AB, XII, p . 214) ; Najaf, Madrasat al-Sayyid ( ibid. , XI, p . 199); Qum,

Riibini (Tlshnii'T, 1, p.448)

Risiila fi istibbiib 01-toslTm 'a la 'I-nab7 f i 'I-toshohhud 01-akhTr MS: Mar'ashi 338216 (cat . , IX, p.161)

BN TAWQ A L - B A ~ R A N T : Rawb 01-nasim tT abkiirn a / - t n s l h MS: Mar'ashi 235811 (ca t . , VI, 12.333)

10. ON FRIDAY PRAYER

Risiilo fT galiit a/-jum'a Edition: Qum, 1395 (in the collection of Ashnii'7 bii chand nuskha-yi khatt7, pp ,273-83) MSS: Radawi 2423 (ca t . , 11, p.65); Mar'ashi 11013, 140916 (cat . , I , p . 132, IV, p . 187); Zanjini 2312 (ca t . , p . 198); Dinishgih 441211 (ca t . , XIII, p.3374); Gawharshid 172113 (cat . , p.346); KhZlisi (ca t . , p . 102) Translation: Persian, by MuPammad s id iq al-Sirkin:, MS: Waziri (cat. of microfilms of Dinishgih, I , p . 703)

x , - Maqiila f i ' / -bath '015 $aliit a/-jumca ., Selected MSS: DinishgZh 2099114, 701915 (ca t . , VIII, p.728, XVI,

p.431); Majlis 2761117 (ca t . , IX, p.164); Sipahsilir 746114 (cat. , V,

146 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHf'T LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

p.289); Baku MI40143 (Nosh. , IX, p.242) NoNYMOUS (writ ten in 1054): Translation: Pers ian, b y Mubarnmad S id iq a l -s i rkibi , MS: Waziri ( c a t . of microfilms of D i n i s h g i h , I , p ,703) ,~j~Z/ ; lo f7 wujiib joliit 01-jum'o

MS: I l ih iyy i t 20613d ( c a t . , I , p.259) - RisZlo f7 wujiib joliit 01-jurn'o,included in h i s Majrnii'ot 01-ifZdZt (see above, chapter 5) NONYMOUS (writ ten in o r before 1058): Translation: Pers ian, b y Abu '1-Qisim SaQZb, edited T e h r a n , 1366

Rjsiila f7 wujiib wabdot $CJliit 01-jum'o - Moqaa f7 wujiih 01-bobth 'on jalzt 01-jum'a MS: Marcashi 138313+4 ( c a t . , IV, pp.157-8)

MS: Din i shg ih 441215 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3375) ABD ALLAH B. MUUAMMAD AL-TONT ( d . 1071):

UUSAYN B . 'ABD AL-SAMAD: R ; ~ z ~ ~ fT nofy al-wujiib ol-'oynT 'on joliit 01-jurn'o

Risiilo f7 wujiib $oliit ol-jurn'o MSS: Majlis 12812 K h u ' i , 326314, 438612 ( c a t . , VII, pp.177-8, X, MSS: Majlis 1836111 ( c a t . , IX, p .489) ; Uakim 451m; KhZligi ( c a t . , pp.874-5, XII, p .93) ; Din i shg ih 287511 ( c a t . , X, ~ . 1 7 1 9 ) ; ~ i l l i p . 103) 185811 ~ r a b i c ( c a t . , X , p.439); Mar'ashi 2526 ( c a t . , VII, pp.112-13);

~ ~ ~ t ~ r i y y a ,(AB, XV, p p . 74-5) ; Los Angeles M120411 ( c a t . , p . 715) HASAN B. 'ALT B. 'ABD A L - ' ~ L ~ A L - K A R A K ~ (late 10th c e n t u r y ) : Commentary: marginal glosses b y A4mad b . Mu4ammad al-Tiin7 ( d .

Al-Bulgho f7 i'tibiir idhn a/-ImFm f7 mashrii 'iyyot jolFt ol-;urnsa after 1071), MS: Milli 185811 in margin ( c a t . , X, pp.439-40) MS: KhZligi ( c a t . , p . 103)

BASAN 'ALT B . 'ABD ALLAH AL-TU'STAR? ( d . 1075):

'ABD AL-'ALT AL-JAPALAQI: ~ i ~ i i l o f~ burmot g o i ~ t oi-jurn'o f7 zomon 01-ghoybo, Persian - Risiilo f7 goliit 01-jurn'o MS: Majlis 494315 ( c a t . , XIV, p . 198); Uuqfiq 811d ( c a t . , p.222)

MS: Din i shg ih 97211 ( c a t . , V, pp.2089-90) MUBAMMAD B. QASIM ( d . af ter 1068): - Risiilo dor norniiz-i jurn'o, Persian

MS: Din i shg ih 97212 ( c a t . , V, pp.2090-1) RisZio dor nomiiz-i jum'o, Persian MS: RaQawi 6198 ( c a t . , p.804)

AL-MUJTAHID : MUWAMMAD M U Q ~ M B . MUBAMMAD ' A L ~ A L - Y A Z D ~ ( d . 1084):

Al-Bulgho fT 'odom 'oyniyyot jaliit 01-jurn'a MS: Gulp iy ig in i 14619 ( c a t . , I , p .136) ; KhZligi ( c a t . , p p . 101-2) A/-uujja f7 wujiib joliit a/-jum'o

Edition: Yazd, n . d . ( together with Ffusayn b.'Abd al-$amad's 01-'lqd

N O R ALLAH AL-TUSTAR?: MS: Waziri 32015 ( c a t . , I , p.304)

Al-Lum'o 17 galZt ol-jurn'o MSS: Bakim 37515 (Nosh . , V, p .427) ; Khiligi ( c a t . , p.103) KHALTL B . G H A Z I A L - Q A Z W ~ N ? ( d . 1088):

'ABD ALLAH A L - T U S T A R ~ : RisZilo f7 burmot golzt 01-jurn'o MS: Los Angeles M1224 ( c a t . , p . 62)

Risiila dor norniiz-i jurn'a, Persian MS: (a pa r t of i t ) Raaawi 705514 ( c a t . , V , p.488) BAHA' AL-DIN M U ~ A M M A D B. M A I ~ M ~ ~ D B . BUSAM AL-MASHRIQT

AL-NAJAFT ( d . af ter 1086): 'IMAD AL-DTN B . Y O S U F (early 11th c e n t u r y ) :

RisFIo f7 joliit 01-jurn'o RisZlo f7 joliit al-jurn'a MS: RaQawi 6466 ( c a t . , V , p.436) MS: Tehran , Mubaddith Urmawi (AB, XV, p . 77)

A L - S A B Z A W A R ~ : BAHA' AL-DTN AL'AMILT: - RisFlo f7 joiiit a/-jurn'o

Risiilo f7 galZt a/-jurn'o MSS: Waziri 198015 ( c a t . , 111, p . 1116); ~ a r ' a s h i 303212 ( c a t . , vII I , MS: D i r al-Kutub 20324b ( c a t . , I , p.391) pp.222-3); RaQawi 7150 ( c a t . , V , p .435) ; Los Angeles MI19 ( c a t . ,

AL-DAMAD: - Risiila dor nomfi-i jum'o, Persian

Risiilo f7 joliit 01-jurn'a MSS: DZnishgih 441218 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3375); Tarbiyyat 3412 ( c a t . , Editions: Tehran , 1397 (in the edi tor ' s introduction to his a/-QobasZt) 1401 (in the collection of IthnZ'ashor risiilo li 'I-DFrnFd)

'ALT RIQA B. KAMAL AL-DiN UUSAYN A L - A R D A K A N ~ AL-SHTRAZY, M U R T A Q ~ B. MUBAMMAD AL-J$USAYN~ AL-SARAWT ( d . a f t e r 1049): AL-TAJALL~ ( d . 1085):

Jorn'o rnin mosZ'il 01-jurn'o Risiilo d a r nomiiz-i jum'o, Persian MS: Mar'ashi 303211 ( c a t . , VIII, p.221)

148 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION 149

MSS: Dinishgih 465912 (ca t . , XIV, p.3603); Majli~ 5353 ( ca t . , XVI ~ i s i i l o ,f7 galrSt 01-jum'o p.263) MSS: Radawi 6465 (cat . , V, p.437); DZnishgZh 88819, 287512, 690511

904-7, X, p.1719, XVI, p.392); Waziri 126712 (ca t . , 111, AL-FAYQ : biyat 3412 (cat . , p.45); GawharshZd 86712 (cat . , p.346);

14618 (cat . , I , p.136); KhZlisi ( ca t . , p.68); DZr al- - AbwZib 01-jiniin, Persian ~ u t u b 20324 (cat . , I , p.391); Mashhad, Shinachi (Nosh . , V, p.599)

MSS: Sipahsilir 2013 (ca t . , I , p.351); GulpiyigZni 138313 (cat . , 11 p.252); Radawi 2422 (cat . , 11, p.65); Majlis 534118 (cat . , XVI, flZishiyo '015 rIsTilat 01-TGnT tT nofy wuj i ib galiit 01-jum'o, in refutation p.253) of 'Abd AllZh alkTiini

MSS: Milli 185812 Arabic (ca t . , X, p.440); Majlis 12813 ~ h u ' i (ca t . , - Al-ShihZib 01-thZiqib VII , pp. 119-80); Los Angeles MI20412 (cat . , p.715)

Editions: Najaf, 1368 ; Beirut, 1403 MSS: Raoawi 6499 (cat . , V, p.464); Majlis 120111 Khu ' i (cat . , VII, IM B . MUWAMMAD JJUSAYN AL-TUYSIRKANT (d . after p.173); Adabiyyit 53 KirmZn (ca t . , p.96); Los Angeles MI20413 (Cat., p.715); UstZdi, 2 MSS (cat . , p.64)

~ i s i i l o r golot 01-jurn'o, in refutation of all three treatises by al-SarZb MUJJAMMAD T A Q ~ B. 'ABD ALLAH AL-KISHMTRT (d. after 1097): on this subject

MS: DZnishgZh 3552 (Cat., XII, p.2572) - RisZila f i wuj i ib galiit 01-jum'o MSS: DZnishgZh 79011, 684612 (cat . , V, pp.2091-2, XVI, p.381); Risiilo ,+7 golZit o l - jum'o, different from above Majlis 9474 (pp. 66-78) MS: AdabiyyZt 27514 Kirmin (cat . , p.43)

- Riszlo t7 golFt 01-jurn'o M T N AL-TONT (early 12th century): MS: DinishgZh 79012 (cat . , V, p.2092)

Riszlo r golCt 01-jum'o, in refutation of al-Sarib's third treatise on this MUUAMMAD TAHIR AL-QUMMI:

813 Arabic ( ca t . , X, p.441); DinishgZh 287513 ( ca t . , - Jc' 01-boqq , Persian, in refutation of Khalil al-Qazwini ajlis 12814 Khu'i (cat . , VII, pp.180-1) MSS: Dinishgsh 97412 (cat . , V , pp.1184-5); Majlis 547013 (cat . , XVI, p.372) AMAL AL-DIN AL-KHWLNSART :

- Risiilo dor namzz-i jurn'o, Persian, in refutation of wasan 'A17 Ris3o dor nomZiz-i jurn'o, Persian al-Tustari Selected MSS: Majlis 480511, 5431, 422 TabZtabZ'i, 1025 TabitabZ'i MSS: Radawi 2422 (Cat., 11, pp.71-2); DiinishgZh 87417, 79013 (cat . , XIII, pp. 202-3, XVI, p. 333); DZnishgih 209912, 3394, 441213, (cat . , V, pp.2092-4); Majlis 5470 (cat . , XVI, p.371) 4435, 465913, 690512 (cat . , VIII, p.726, XIII, pp.3375, 3394, XIV, p.

3606, XVI, p.393); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit (ca t . , I , p.125); NawwZb SALMAN B. K H A L ~ L AL-QAzw~NY (late 11th century): 13011 law (cat . , p.467); IlihiyyZt 20612d (cat . , I , p.259); Ustidi

A l ' U r w o 01-wuthqz li-wad' 01-boyro 01-'uCmZi ' on ol-go[iit o l - w u s f ~ (cat . , p. 18); g5Qib al-Dhari'a (AB, XV, p.79) f i ' I -ghaybo 01-kubrz MS: Waziri 223811 (cat . , IV, p.1214) AL-SAMAH~J T :

AL-MAJLIS~ 11: Al-QZimi'o l i ' I -b id 'o fT tark goliit ol-jurn'o MSS: Majlis 165 Khu'i (cat . , VI1, pp.207-9); Tustariyya 63318

Risiila f i g o l a ol-jurn'o MSS: Majlis 534111 (cat . , XVI, p ,253); Dir al-Kutub 19179b (cat . , I , HidZiyot al-$irZr fi burrnot 01-jam' boyn a / - ~ u h r wo ' I - jum'o p.370) MS: Racjawi 6982 (ca t . , V, p. 530)

MUUAMMAD ISMA'TL B. MUJJAMMAD BAQIR AL-JJUSAYNf AL-KHWATONABAD~ (d . 1116): AL-FAOIL AL-HINDT :

Risiilo ,f7 golzt 01-jum'a Risiila t7 golZit 01-jurn ' a MSS: Majlis 276115 (cat . , IX, pp. 156-8) MS: Majlis 305211 (cat . , X, pp.496-8)

MUWAMMAD TAQT B . MUJJAMMAD ~ A D I Q A L - M ~ S A W ~ AL-QA'INT (d . after ANONYMOUS (written in 1055-1110):

Risiila dor nornCz-i jum'o, Persian - RisZiIa fT golFt ol- jum'o MS: Los Angeles M395 (ca t . , p.63) MS: Radawi 654411 (cat . , V, p.437)

AL-SARAB: Risiilo goliit a / - jum'o, in refutation of Muhammad Rafi' al-Gilini's critique of the previous treatise (see below) - RisZilo dar norniil-i jum'o, Persian, in refutation of ' ~ l i ~ i d - 5 a l -~aja l l i MS: Radawi 654415 (cat . , V, p.438)

MS: Dinishgih 465911 (cat . , XIV, p.3603)

150 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

- Moqlila fT $alct 01-jum'a, in refutation of the second treatise by NoNYMOUS (written in 1191) : al-Gilini (see below ) MS: Raaawi 654417 ( c a t . , V, p.438) Mos'olo f7 q i rZ 'o t FZtibot oi-Kit i ib fi k h u l b o t galiit 01-jum'o

MS: Raaawi 274312 ( ca t . , V, p.439) - Mas 'a10 ,t7 $aliit a/- jum'o, Persian

MS: RaGswi 654414 (ca t . , V, p.438) UJJAMMAD JA'FAR B. ' A L ~ AQGHAR A L - A R D A S T ~ N ~ (12th century):

MUJJAMMAD RAFT' B. FARAJ AL-GTLANY (mid-12th century): Risiilo dor burmat-; namii l- i jum'a, Persian MS: Gulpiyigini 7 1 1 (ca t . , 11, p.85)

- Risiilo f7 $01~3 01-jum'o, in refutation of Muhammad Taqi al-Qi ' ini ' s f i rs t treatise MSS: Rar,lawi 654412 (Cat., V, p.438); Majlis 12815 Khu ' i , 534112 ( ca t . , VII, pp.281-2, XVI, p.253); Mar'ashi 303215 ( ca t . , VIII, Risiilo fT galiit 01-jum'a

p . 223) MSS: Ilzhiyyit 38517d (ca t . , I , p.291); Majlis 572 ~ a b i t a b z ' i ; Gulpiyigini 1870120 (ca t . , 111, p.92); Faydiyya 156514 ( ca t . , 111,

- Mos'ola fT $alZt 01-jum'o, in refutation of al-Qi'ini's critique of previous treatise M S : Rnaowi 654416 (ca t . , V, p.438) ALi B . M U ~ A M M A D A L - ' u ~ F ~ ~ R ~ A L - B A ~ R L N ~ ( d . af ter 1206):

BADR A L - ~ f N B . IBRAHTM AL-NAYSABORT (mid-12th century) : Koshf 01-royba an bukm galiit 01-jum'o fi ozminot a/-ghoybo MS: ~ a r ' a s h i 2753 (cat . ,VII, p . 307)

RisZlo f7 goliit a / - jum'o, in refutation of al-Gilini's first treatise MS: Ragawi 654413 (ca t . , V, p.438) UUAMMAD B. MUIJAMMAD BALIIJ AL-RQIAFZA'T A L - D A M ~ W A N D ~

(d . after 1216): ANONYMOUS:

Risiilo f7 ga l~ i t a/- jum'o Several anonymous treatises on the subject belonging to 11th or early MSS: Mar'ashi 2286 (ca t . , VI, pp. 271-2); ~ a r b a l i ' , Madrasat JJasan 12th centuries: Khan (AB, XV, p.80)

- Soliit ol-jum'o wo abkZmuhZ fT zamon al-ghoybo MS: IJuqTiq 55d (ca t . , p.398) UJJSIN A L - A ' R A J ~ :

- FZ'ido f7 burmat golZt 01-jum'a fT roman 01-ghoybo Risiilo j7 golZt 01-jum'o

MS: Mar'ashi 303214 ( ca t . , VIII, p.222) MS: Khilisi (ca t . , p.135)

- uurmot gaiiit 01-jum'a ABD AL-NAB? B. MUJJAMMAD 'ALi A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ (mid-12th century): MS: Sipahsilir 653017 (ca t . , V, pp. 289-90)

Risiilo f7 go12 01-jum'o - RisZlo dor burmot-i namiiz-i jum'o, Persian MS: Tehran, Mubit Tabi tab i ' i (AB, XV, p.75)

MS: Dinishgih 653015 (ca t . , XVI, p.286)

- Risiilo f7 galiit 01-jum'a JJMAD B. MUJJAMMAD 'ALT AL-KIRMANSHXHT ( d . 1235):

MS: Khiligi ( ca t . , p.102) Kashf 01-royn wa 'I-mayn 'an bukm $aliit a/- jum'o wa 'Ik'Tdoyn - Risiilo fT nofy al-wuji ib o l ' o y n T 'on 2alZt 01-jum'a MS: Bankipore 1032 (cat . Arabic, I , p . 101)

MS: Khilisi (ca t . , pp. 102-3) ASAN B. MUJJAMMAD ' A L ~ AL-MUDARRIS A L - Y A Z D ~ ( d . after 1256):

BADR AL-DIN MUJJAMMAD AL-TABATABA'~ AL-YAZDI ( d . 1154): Lum'o min biil $oliit 01-jum'o fT zomon oi-ghoyba

RisZilo fT galZt 01-jum'o MS: Waziri 2083 (ca t . , IV, p . 1154)

MS: Waziri 32019 (cat . , I , p.305) UJJAMMAD B. DILDAR ' A L ~ AL-NAQAWT AL-NA$'IR&B~DT (d. 1284):

AL-KHWAJO 'i : Risiilo j7 $oliit aoijum'o

Risiilo f7 $olZt 01-jum'a, a refutation of al-Fays's 01-Shihiib 01-thZqib MS: ~ a r ' a s h i 316012 (ca t . , VIII, p.391)

MSS: Majlis 375212 ( c a t . , X , pp . 1736-7); Dinishgih 710312 (ca t . , XVI, p.455); ~ a r ' a s h i 303213 (ca t . , VIII, p.222); RawGZti ( A B , UVAMMAD B. 'ASHOR A L - K I R M ~ N S H A H ~ :

XXIV, p.269); Tabriz, Thiqat al-IslZm (Nosh . , IV, p . 327) Soliit 01-jum'o = TabqTq a/-baqq? MS: Mar'ashi 2575lfol. 30a-b ( ca t . , VII, p.165)

ANONYMOUS AbkZm ~ a l i i t 01-jum'o = JalZ' 01-shubohiit?

WolJzo f7 galzt ooljum'o MS: Mar'ashi 2575lfols. 164-185 ( c a t . , VII, p.165) MS: Raoawi 274311 (ca t . , V, pp.438-9)

A N INTRODUCTION TO s ~ i ' i LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

152

MUJJAMMAD N A ~ ~ R B. MUUAMMAD M A ' S U M AL-BARFUROSHT (late 13th MS: Majlis 58018 Akhawi (WahTd, V, p.299)

century) :

Mir '?it 01-mugalliii Risiila fi 'I-sahw alladhT lam yudhkar fi 'I-kutub 01-mashhura MS: Mar'ashi 1585 (ca t . , IV, p.390) MS: British Library Or . 353012 (Rieu, p . 213)

MUJJAMMAD T A Q ~ AL-SH~RAZT:

Risiila f7 galiit a/-jum'a, his lectures compiled by Muhammad Kivim QawEbit 01-khams al-Shiriizi Edition: Tehran, 1323 (together with the author's VCshiyat a/-Makiislb Edition: Tehran, 1300 (in the margin of Ibn Fahd's Ghiiyat a/-TjZz)

MSS: Milli 192212 Arabic (cat . , X , p ,591) ; India Office 1835 (cat. , 11, p.321); Dinishgih 79213 ( c a t . , V, p.1944)

AL-BURDJIRDT: A/-Badr a/-zEhir f7 galat 01-jum'a wa 'I-musiifir, his lectures compiled UUAMMAD TT\HIR AL-QUMMT : by uusayn 'Ali al-Muntaviri Riszla dar shakkiyyiic, Persian Edition: Qum, 1378 MS: Qum, 'Riihini (Ashnii'T , I , p.448)

11. ON ERRORS IN PRAYER

ANONYMOUS (presumably by either al-'Allama or FaKhr al-Muhaqqiqin): Risiila dar shakkiyyzt , Persian MS: Raaawi 6651 ( c a t . , V, p.433); Fayoiyya 166513 (ca t . , 111,

A 1-Khalal fi 'I- galiit p . 113); IgfahZn, Adabiyyat (Nash. , V, p.304) MS: Majlis 4953113 ( ca t . , X I V , P.231)

A L - S H P H ~ D AL-AWWAL: Abkiim-i shakk wa sohw dar namzz, Persian

Kholal a/-$01~2 Edition: Tehran, 1322 (together with his 01-Bay%) Selected MSS: Faydiyya 174714 ( ca t . , 111, p.128); Mar'ashi 18712,

160212, 168311, 303415 ( c a t . , I , p.206, V, p p . 5, 78, VIII, p.225);

IBN FAIID: Milli 185413f (ca t . , IV, p.313); Radawi 6044, 6702 (Binish, p.804)

- Bughyat 01-riighibTn - RisTila fT kathTr 01-shakk JJAYDAR ' A L ~ A L - S H T R W ~ N ~ : MS: Jawidayn (AB, 111, p . 132) A/-Khalal fi 'I-$alft

- Al-Khalol fi 'I-galzt = a/-Sahwiyya MSS: Danishgih 429212 (ca t . , XIII, p.3262); India Office 1840 MS: al-ImZm al-Mahdi (Mahffi~ 11, p . 212) (ca t . , 11, p.323)

M U F L I ~ AL-SAYMART: MUJJAMMAD ASHRAF B. 'ABD AL-BASTB A L - ~ U S A Y N ~ ( d . 1145):

Risiila j7 sahw 01-golzt 01-yawmiyya RisEla dor kholil-i ~ a l i i t , Persian MS: Majlis 6405 (ca t . , XVI, p.309) MS: Dinishgih 589416 (ca t . , XVI, p.137)

A L - K A R A K ~ : BASAN B. IBRLHTM A L - N A J M ~ B ~ ~ D ~ ( d . around 1284):

Khalal a/-$alEt Al-Khalal fi 'I-qal5t Edition: Tehran, 1322 (together with al-Shahid al-Awwal's a/-BayEn) MS: Tustariyya (AB, VII, p.249) Selected MSS: Radawi 2358, 2448, 6980 ( c a t . , 11, Pp . 53, 73, V, p.418); Gawharshid 165513 (ca t . , p.296); Uuqiiq 5613d (ca t . , p.336 J J U S A Y N Q U L ~ B . RAMAPAN AL-HAMADANT ( d . 1311): Majlis 634218; Ilihiyyit 10614d ( ca t . , I , p . 235); SipahsZlZr 291314, 818014 (ca t . , IV, pp.64, 395); Milli 119013 Arabic (ca t . , IX, p . 176); Khalal a/-golzt

Mar'ashi 100315, 146613, 226113 ( c a t . , 111, p.199, IV, p.258, VI, MS: Tustariyya (AB, IV, p.372, VII, p.249)

p.246); Masjid-i A'zam 44515; Tustariyya (AB, XII, p . 267, XIV, p . 212) ; Princeton 97613 New Series

AL-ASHTIYLNT : Al-Khalal fi ' I -~o l t t , as a commentary on the relevant discussion in

A L - Q A T ~ F ~ : al-Muhaqqiq's Sharf ' i ' 01-lsliim

~ l - ~ i & i a a/-Najafiyyo f7 sahw 01-$alFt a/-yawrniyyo MSS: Radawi 7741 (Binish, p.871); Shi r iz i (AB, VII, p.249)

MSS: Majlis 939812, 5405 (ca t . , XVI, p.309); Radawi 1449, 2448 (cat 11, p.103); Khiligi (ca t . , p . 100); Rawdiiti (AB, XI, pp.227-8)

AL-FISHARAKT - Muhammad b . QZsim al-Tabitabii'i ( d . 1316-18)

RisFlo f7 qz'idat lE tu 'Ed AL-SHAHTD AL- THAN^ : Edition: Qum, 1393 (in Mu4ammad HZdi Ma'rifa's MadTth lE tu ' i d )

Al-Khalal fi 'I-$alzt

154 AN INTRODUCTION TO ~ H f ' i LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OFDEVOTION 155

MUIJAMMAD UUSAYN A L - K H W Z N S A R ~ : $IF AL-QARTR - 'Abd al-Wihld b . Mul?ammad Uasan (13th cen tu ry) :

RisZlo fi 'I-shakk boyn 01-rok'atayn al-iiloyayn Riscilo f7 toqdTm a/-fowci'it 'olo 'I-bawcip'ir

MS: Mar'ashi3041110 ( c a t . , VIII, p.245) MS: Mar'ashi 227812 ( c a t . , VI, p .264)

AL-YAZDT : IJMAD B. MU$TAFA AL-KHU'AYNT, MULLA AQA ( d . 1307):

Risiilo j'7 bukm a/-gann fi 'I-golcit wo baycin koyfiyyat $olot 01-ibtiyzr MujF 01-shar7'o f7 mas 'alat 01-top'yTq wo 'I-towsa'a

Edition: Tehran , 1378 ( together with h i s HZjshiyot 01-Makcisib) MS: Mar'ashi 3676 ( c a t . , X, p . 69)

MUJJAMMAD T A Q ~ AL-SHTRAZT: 3. ON TRAVELLER'S PRAYER

Abkiim 01-Kholol fi 'I-$alZit, h i s lec tures compiled b y MuQammad k iv i al-Shirazi Edition: Tehran , 1323 ( together with the author ' s HZshiyot a/-MokZs Fowa'id f7 golZt a/-rnusFfir

MSS: Din i shg ih 2144lpp. 81-6 ( c a t . , IX, p.806) ; Princeton 193513

AL-KHUMAYNT:

K . a/-Khaiol fi 'I-golcit AL-SHAHID AL- THAN^ : Edition: Qum, 1399 NotZ'ij 01-ofkZr j'7 bukm 01-muqk fi 'I-asfZr, included in his Mojrnii'ot

1 2 . ON PRAYER OF OMISSION 01-ifZdZt (see above, chapter 5)

MUNTAJAB AL-DTN ' A L ~ B . 'UBAYD ALLAH A L - R Z Z ~ ( d . a f t e r 585): BAWL' A L - D ~ N AL- 'AMIL~:

Al-'U$ro fi 'I-rnuwiiso'o f7 qop'ci' 01-$alawcit Risiilo fi 'I-tokhy7r boyn 01-qogr wa 'I-itrncm fi 'I-omcikin 01-arbo'o

MS: ~ a r ' a s h i (AB, X V , p.271) MSS: Din i shg ih 918114 (ca t . , V , p . 1968); Majlis 1805154, 4900150 ( c a t . , IX, pp.356-7, XIV, p .75)

'ABD ALLAH AL-TUSTAR~: VAYDAR 'ALT AL-SHTRWANT:

Risi;lo j'7 jowcir a/-fZ'ito f7 woqt 01-bcp'iro, included in his 01-Rosii'il (see above, chapter 5) uodd ol-moscifa oolrniijiba li 'I-qagr wo 'I-iftiir

MSS: Din i shg ih 429213 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3262); India Office 1841 ( c a t . ,

ANONYMOUS (belonging to early 13th c e n t u r y ) :

Riscilo f1'1-rnuwciso'o wo 'I-rnup'ciyoqo $ADR AL-DTN MUIJAMMAD B. MUUAMMAD B. 'ALf a l -RAPAW~ MS: Princeton 64511 New Series AL-KASFIANT (mid-12th cen tu ry) :

$AUIB AL-MAQABIS: Muntohci a/-rnarzm ffi 'I-qagr wo 'I-itmcm MSS: RaQawi 5725 ( c a t . , V, p.519); K i s h i n , RaQawi 60 ( c a t . ,

Monhoj 01-tobqrq fi 'I-towso'a wa 'I-top'yrq MSS: Majlis 400 Taba tab i ' i ; RaQawi 1996 ( c a t . , V , p . 368)

$ADR AL-DiN MUUAMMAD A L - T A B A T A B A ' ~ AL-YAZDf : NA$R ALLAH B . JJASAN A L - [ ~ U S A Y N ~ A L - A S T A R A B X D ~ ( d . af ter 1255)

'Uddat ol-musZfirTn RisZila f i 'I-rnuwiisa'o wo 'I-rnup'ciyoqo MS: Waziri 320110 ( c a t . , I , p.305) MSS: Sipahsi l i r 2527, 2554 ( c a t . , I , p . 437)

SHUBBAR B. MUJJAMMAD AL-MUSAWT AL-NAJAFT: AL-ANSARI RisZilo fi 'I-qogr wo 'I-itmZrn - RisZlo f i 'I-rnuwZso'o wo 'I-rnup'Zyoqa MS: DZnishgih 3978 ( c a t . , XII, p . 2973)

Editions: Tabr iz , 1303 ( together with his K . 01-Tohiiro), 1375 (togethe with his K . a/-Mokcisib) ABU 'L-QASIM JA'FAR B . UUSAYN A L - M ~ S A W ~ A L - K H W Z N S A R ~ MS: DanishgZh 695612 ( c a t . , XVI, p.411) ( d . 1158): Commentary' b y 'Abd Allih al-Mimaqini, edited Najaf, 1345 ( in his 01-QalZ'id a/-thomTna) Riscilo d a r abkZm-i rnusZfir, Persian

MS: Danishgih 260314 ( c a t . , IX, p . 1458) - RisZlo fi 'I-qaQ'ci' 'on al-moyyit

Editions: T a b r i z , 1303 ( together with his K . ai-Tahciro), 1375 MUUAMMAD B. AIJMAD AL-BAURANi ( d . 1186): together with his K . a/-Makcsib) MS: Din i shg ih 695615 ( c a t . , XVI, p.411) Mir'Zt oolakhycir f7 obkZm 01-asfir

MS: DZnishgih 725 ( c a t . , V , pp.2008-9)

156 AN INTRODUCTION TO S H T ' ~ LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OFDEVOTION 157

BAYR A L ' U L U M : p . 131); Mashhad, 1lihiyyZ.t 50311 ( c a t . , I , p . 267); Amir al-Mu'minin

Mablogh 01-nolor f7 bukm qcisid 01-arbo'a min mosci'il 01-sofor (AB, XXIV, p.386)

Edition: Cairo, 13245 (in Jawid a l ' i imi l i ' s Miftcib oolkorCmino, 111, p p . 501-43)

RisZlo dor 2okcit , Persian AL-AN$ART : MS: Tustariyya (AB, XII, p.40)

Riscilo f7 $olCt a/-muscifir MS: Dinishgih 757 ( c a t . , V , p.1864)

Mishkcit 01-hudcit A B ~ TALIB B . A B ~ T U R I ~ B AL-YUSAYN~ AL-QA'INT ( d . 1293-5): MS: D5nishgZ.h 334113 ( c a t . , XI, p.2330)

s o l 3 01-muscifir Edition: Mashhad, 1318

- K . a/- Zokiit kIUSAYN Q U L ~ AL-HAMADANT: Edition: Tabriz , 1303 (together with his K . 01-Tohcirol

solcit 01-musiifir, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils MSS: Faydiyya 1002, 1345 (ca t . , I , pp . 70, 135); Malik 6089 ( c a t . , I ,

MS: Tustariyya (AB, IV, p.372, XV, p.83) - K . 01-Zokcit, his lectures compile'd by Yasan 'Ali al-Tihrini al-Mashhadi

A L - R A S H T ~ : MS: Gawharshid 5834 (ca t . , p.241)

Soliit 01-musiifir, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils MS: Gharb 9871 (Cat., p . 159)

- K . 01-Zakiit 'ABD ALLAH B . MUUAMMAD N A ~ ~ R AL-MAZANDARANT (d . 1330): MSS: Majlis 2838 (ca t . , X , p.164); Tustariyya 616 (ca t . , p.800)

salcit ol-musiifir - K . 01-ZakCt, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils MS: ZanjZni 114 (ca t . , p.240) MS: Gharb 4527 (ca t . , p.77)

A L - B U R ~ J I R D ~ : HAD^ AL-TIHRANT :

Al-Bodr 01-zcihir iT $alCt 01-jum'o wo 'I-musiif ir (see above, monograph K . 01-ZakCt on Friday prayer) MSS: Majlis 275512 (ca t . , IX, p.143); Tustariyya 34411 (ca t . ,

ALMS 2. SPECIFIC

1. GENERAL

MUYAMMAD TAHIR AL-QUMMi : Riscilo f7 istithnci' 01-rno'ijno min a/-zokcit MS: Mar'ashi 198613 (ca t . , V, p.358)

Riscilo dor zokiit , Persian MSS: DZnishgZh 410816 (ca t . , XIII, p.3088); Faydiyya 168914 ( c a t . , AL-KIRMANSHAH~: 111, p.118) Risiilo f i ' I-mo'i ina ol-mustothnFt min 01-rakiSi

AL-BURR A L ' A M I L T : MS: Yujjatiyya 261111 (ca t . , p.103)

U r j i z o f i ' I -zokct MSS: Majlis 1113 Khu'i ( ca t . , VIl, p .9) ; Gulpiyig5ni 32717 ( c a t . , I , p.282) Riscilo iT is t i thn i i ' 01-mo'ina wo u j r o t 01-bo$$iid min a / - rok i i t , included

in both his JawCmimi' 01-rasii'il and his 01-Rasci'il (see above, chapter 5)

ABU 'L-QASIM JA'FAR B . IJUSAYN AL-KHWANSART: AIJMAD B. ' A L ~ MUKHTAR AL-GULPAYIGANT ( d . af ter 1264): Zokcitiyya, Persian MS: Fayaiyya 1807 (ca t . , 11, p.67) Riscilo f i 'I-towkTI f7 ikhrcij 01-zokiit

MS: Mar'ashi 349414 (ca t . , IX, pp.291-2)

MLIUAMMAD B. MUUAMMAD ZAMAN AL-KASHANT: 'ABD AL-HAD? B. ISMA'TL AL-VUSAYNI AL-SHTRAZY (d . 1382): N i r a/-hudi i MSS: Majlis 196616 (ca t . , IX, p.681); Niirbakhsh, 10813 (ca t . , I , Al-Qofro IT rokcit aa l f i t ro , his lectures compled by 'Ali al-Mubarnrnadi

Edition: Najaf, 1380

156 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION 157

BAPR A L ' U L O M : p . 131); Mashhad, Ilihiyyat 50311 (Cat. , I , p . 267); Amir al-Mu'minin

Moblagh 01-nozor f7 b u k m @$id 01-orbo'o min mos i i ' i l a / -sofar (AB, XXIV, p.386)

Edition: Cairo, 13245 (in Jawad al-'Amili's MiftCb aolkarCmo, 111,

pp.501-43) RisClo d a r zoki i t , Persian

AL-AN$ART : MS: Tustariyya (AB, XII, p.40)

Risi i lo f7 $aiCt a/-musCfir MS: DZnishgah 757 (Cat., V, P. 1864)

MishkCt 01-hudiir ABO TALIB B. A B ~ T U R A B A L - ~ U S A Y N ~ A L - Q A ' I N ~ ( d . 1293-5): MS: DZnishgXh 334113 ( c a t . , XI, p.2330)

SalCt 01-musCfir Edition: Mashhad, 1318

- K . 01- ZOkiit ~ U ~ A Y N Q U L ~ AL-HAMADANT : Edition: Tabriz, 1303 (together with his K . a/-Tohr7ra)

SolCt ol-musCfifir, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils MSS: Faydiyya 1002, 1345 (ca t . , I , Pp. 70, 135); MaIik 6089 (ca t . , I ,

MS: Tustariyya (AB, IV, p.372, XV, p.83) - K . a / -Zok i i t , his lectures compiled by IJasan 'Ali al-TihrZni al-Mashhadi

AL-RASHT~ : MS: Gawharshad 5834 ( c a t . , p . 241)

SalCt 01-musi i f i r , his lectures compiled by one of his pupils MS: Gharb 9871 (ca t . , p.159)

- K . a / -Zak i i t 'ABD ALLAH B . MUVAMMAD N A $ ~ R A L - M A Z A N D A R A N ~ ( d . 1330): MSS: Majlis 2838 (ca t . , X, p.164); Tustariyya 616 ( ca t . , p.800)

Soi i i t a / -musi i f i r - K . 01-ZakCt, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils MS: Zanjzni 114 ( ca t . , p.240) MS: Gharb 4527 (ca t . , p.77)

A L - B U R O J I R D ~ : HADT AL-TIHRANT : A l -Bad r 01-zzhir f7 galiit a / - j um 'o wo ' I -musz f i r (see above, monographs K . 01-ZakCt on Friday prayer) MSS: Majlis 275512 (ca t . , IX, p . 143); Tustariyya 34411 (ca t . ,

ALMS 2 . SPECIFIC

1. GENERAL

M U ~ I A M M A D TAHIR AL-QUMMT: RisCla fT i s t i t h n z ' 01-mo'ijna min a/-zakCt MS: Mareashi 198613 (ca t . , V, p.358)

RisZilo d o r z o k z t , Persian MSS: Danishgih 410816 (ca t . , XIII, p . 3088); Faydiyya 168914 (ca t . , AL-KIRMANSHXH~: 111, p.118) Risz la f i ' I -ma 'uno a/-mustothnCt min 01-rokCt

AL-BURR AL-'.%MILT : MS: Bujjatiyya 261111 ( ca t . , p . 103)

Ur iZzo f i ' I - zokz t MSS: Majlis 1113 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, p .9) ; Gulpiyigani 32717 ( c a t . , I , p.282) RisZilo ,f7 i s t i t h n z ' o l -ma' i ino wa u j r a t ol-bos$Cd min 01-zokCt, included

in both his Jowiimimi' 01-rosC'il and his a/-RasC' i l (see above, chapter 5)

ABU 'L-QASIM JA'FAR B. BUSAYN AL-KHWANSXR~: AIJMAD B. 'AL? MUKHTAR AL-GULPAYIGANi ( d . after 1264): Zok i i t i y yo , Persian MS: Faydiyya 1807 ( ca t . , 11, p.67)

RisClo f i ' I - towkTI f7 i k h r z j 01-rokCt MS: Mareashi 349414 (ca t . , IX, pp.291-2)

MUUAMMAD B . M U I ~ A M M A D ZAMAN AL-KASHANT: 'ABD AL-HAD7 B. ISMA'TL AL-~~USAYNT AL-SHIRAZT ( d . 1382): N i i r a / - h u d z MSS: Majlis 196616 (ca t . , IX, p.681); Niirbakhsh, 10813 (ca t . , I , A l -Qo f ro f7 zoki i t o l - f i t r a , his lectures compled by 'Ali al-Mubammadi

Edition: Najaf, 1380

158 AN INTRODUCTION TO S H ? ' ~ LAW

KHUMS

1. GENERAL

JJUSAYN A L - K H W A N S A R ~ : Risi i la da r khums , Persian MS: DZnishgih 1801 ( c a t . , VIII, p .375)

AL-KHwAJO'T: Risi i lo f i ' I - khums MSS: Faygiyya 118618 ( c a t . , 111, p . 6 5 ) ; Mashhad, AdabiyyZt 2611 Fayy id ( c a t . , p . 211)

AL-AKHBARI : TawfTr a / -khums MS: Diinishgiih 334114 ( c a t . , XI, p . 233)

AL-ANSART:

K . 01-Khums Edition: Tabr iz , 1303 ( together with his K . a / -Tah i i r a ) MSS: Fayj iyya 1002, 1345 ( c a t . , I , p p . 135, 170); Malik 6089 ( c a t . , I , p .550 ) ; Din i shg ih 6956 ( c a t . , XVI, p.411)

RisZila d o r k h u m s , Persian MS: Mar'ashi (AB, VII, p.255)

F A Y Y A P B . MUVAMMAD A L - Z A N J ~ N ~ ( d . 1360):

D h a k h i i ' i r 01-imiima Edition: Tehran , 1359

Zubdat 01-maa;l, his lectures compiled b y 'Abbiis Abli Turiibi al-Qazwini Edition: Qum, 1380

MUUAMMAD HADT B . JA'FAR AL-JJUSAYNT AL-M'ILANT ( d . 1395) :

K . a/-Khums Edition: Mashhad, 1400

IJUSAYN ' A L ~ AL-MUNTAZIR~:

K . 01-Khums Edition: Qum , i1402? I

2. SPECIFIC

AL-DAMAD : I t h b i i t a / -s iy i ido li-mon yantos ib i l i i Hi ishim umman MS: Milli 2360f ( c a t . , V, p .483)

M A J J M ~ D B . FATJJ ALLAH AL-IJUSAYNf AL-KAZIMT ( d . a f t e r 1079):

Risi i lo jT wu j i j b a / -khums bZ1 istit;? a/- lmi im

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION 159

MSS: Diinishgiih 112215 ( c a t . , V , p p . 1876-7); Mar'ashi 252513 ( c a t . ,

AL-KIRMANSHAH~ : Magraf-i r add - i mo&i/im, Persian MS: S ipahs i l i r 244211 ( c a t . , I , p .505)

ANONYMOUS:

RisZila fT i r t i r i i q a / - q i i g wa ' I- foqTh min sahm 01-imim MS: Diinishgih 111912 ( c a t . , V, pp.1889-90)

MUVAMMAD RAJJiM AL-BUROJIRD~:

I t h b i i t a / - s i y z d o l i '1-muntasobTn i lZ Hzsh im umman MSS: Ragawi 5850-1 (Bin i sh , p . 783)

MUJJAMMAD JJUSAYN AL-KHWANSAR~:

Risi i la fT t a ' a l l uq 01-khums bi-majmii' a / -a rb i ib MS: Marcashi 304111 ( c a t . , VIII, p .241)

'ABD ALLAH AL-MAMAQANT :

Hid i i ya t 01-an5m fT f u k m amwiil a / - imi im Edition: Tabr iz , 1321

RABAT JJUSAYN AL-RAQAWf AL-GOPALPORT ( d . af ter 1372):

Ri i f i ' 01-ibhcm ' a n w i l i i ya wa maziir i f sahm 01-imiim Edition: Locknow, 1372

FASTING

1. GENERAL

IBRAHTM B. 'ALf AL-KAF'AMf ( d . 905):

Manhai 01-saliima MS: Majlis 276412 ( c a t . , IX, p . 168)

AL-KARAKI :

Risi i la do r gawm, Persian MS: Diinishgih 359715 ( c a t . , XV, p.4240)

Risi i la f i 'I-gawm MSS: Milli 1919112 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p . 5 8 5 ) ; Ragawi 2437 ( c a t . , 11,

ANONYMOUS (writ ten before 963):

Sawmiyya, Persian MS: Radawi 2491 ( c a t . , 11, p .87)

BAHA' AL-DTN AL-'&MILT:

Mas ' o l a f i ' I -gawm MSS: Dinishgiih 918111 ( c a t . , V , p p . 1796-7); Majlis 1805157, 4900153 ( C a t . , IX, pp .358-9 , XIV, p .76 )

RisClo f i 'I-giyiirn MSS: Yuj ja t iyya 70012 ( c a t . , p . 1 2 1 ) ; L o s A n g e l e s M9314 ( c a t . , p .

K . a/-Sowm MS: Malik ( A B , XV, p . 9 9 )

AL-AKWBART:

TakhJ7~ ol-06kZm f l masC'il a/-siyfm MS: D i n i s h g i h 334115 ( c a t . , X I , p . 2 3 3 0 )

'ALT AL K A S H I F AL-GHITA':

RisZIa f i ' I - ~ o w m MS: B u r i i j i r d i ( A B , X I , p . 2 0 6 )

MUYAMMAD TAQT AL-NURT :

Al-Risc'lo a / -~awrn iyyo , P e r s i a n MSS: B u r Z j i r d i ( A B , X I , p . 2 0 5 ) ; D Z n i s h g i h 718111 ( c a t . , X V I , p .4771

ANONYMOUS ( w r i t t e n i n 1258) :

K . 01-Sowm MS: N a j a f , M a d r a s a t al-Sadr ( A B , XV, p . 99)

ANONYMOUS:

Ris<la-yi gowmiyya, P e r s i a n E d i t i o n : H a m a d i n , 1249

K . 01-Sawm E d i t i o n : T a b r i z , 1303 ( t o g e t h e r with h i s K . 01-TahZro) MSS: F a y a i y y a 1002, 1345 ( c a t . , I , p p . 70, 1 3 5 ) : Malik 6089 ( c a t . p . 550)

MUUAMMAD BAQIR AL-TABRTZT ( l a t e 1 3 t h c e n t u r y ) :

Al-sawrniyya, MS: R a o a w i 2756 ( B i n i s h , p . 8 1 9 )

YASAN B . IBRAHTM A L - N A J M T \ B A D ~ :

K . a/-Sawm MS: T u s t a r i y y a CAB, X V , p . 99)

MUYAMMAD HASHIM A L - K H W A N S A R ~ :

RisZla dar $owm, P e r s i a n E d i t i o n s : I s f a h i i n , 1310, 1317 ( i n h i s Majmu'a-yi shish r is6 la)

MONOGRAPHS ON A C T S O F DEVOTION

2. ON TIME O F FASTING

661 Al-Radd 'o lZ o$@Zb aik'adad E d i t i o n : Q u m , 1398 ( i n ' A l i b . Murammad a l k C A m i l i ' s 01-Durr 01- mon th i i r , 11, p p . 122-34) S e l e c t e d MSS: M a r ' a s h i 24318, 255115, 7818 ( c a t . , I , p p . 9 2 , 268, 285); Majlis 8117 K h u ' i ( c a t . , V I I , p p . 184-5)

Al-Rodd '015 usbcTb ol- 'adad = Risi7io f7 nugrat a/-qawl b i ' I - r u ' y o MSS: R a a a w i 144813 ( c a t . , 11, p . 3 8 ) ; D i n i s h g i h 108014 ( c a t . , 111, p . 6 1 2 ) ; S a h i b a l - D h a r i ' a ( A B , X , p . 185)

MUUAMMAD$ALI!$ B . 'ABD AL-WASI' AL-KHWATDNABAD~:

uukm a/-b<kirn b i - ihub i i t oIkhil6l MSS: Majlis 305213 ( c a t . , X , p . 4 9 9 ) ; Milli 191912 A r a b i c ( c a t . , X , p . 5 7 8 ) ; T a b r i z , Q i a i ( N a s h . , V I I , p . 5 1 1 ); B u r u j i r d i ( A B , X I ,

Ru 'va t a/-hi161 aabl 01-zawC1 MSG ~ i n i s h ~ i h 8817, 185912, 286511, 690513, 720411 ( c a t . , V , p . 1 9 2 1 , V I I I , p . 4 5 9 , X , p . 1 7 1 2 , X V I , p p . 3 9 3 , 4 8 6 ) ; M a r ' a s h i 47814, 1490112+ 17 ( c a t . , 11, p . 8 3 , I V , p p . 1 8 9 , 1 9 2 ) ; A d a b i y y Z d 70113d ( c a t . , p p . 299-300)

Ris6la fi to'yTn ghur ra t Ramap'Zn in m5 idh6 ghummat shuhi i r 01-sono kul luhZ MS: D i n i s h g i h 720318 ( c a t . , X V I , p . 4 8 6 )

MUYAMMAD J A ' F A R B . MUYAMMAD BAQIR A L - S A B Z A W A R ~ :

Ru 'ya t alkhilZ1 qabl 01-zawC1 MSS: D Z n i s h g i h 1866 ( c a t . , V I I I , p . 7 4 2 ) ; M a r ' n s h i 47811 ( c a t . , 11, p . 8 2 )

MUUAMMAD R A J J ~ M B . MUUAMMAD J A ' F A R A L - S A B Z A W ~ R ~ (mid-12th c e n t u r y ) :

uukm r u ' y a t 01-hilol qabl a/-zawZl MS: G a w h a r s h i d 146711 ( c a t . , p . 4 3 4 )

RisCla f7 'adom a / - iC t idZd b i ' I - r u ' y o qaul 01-raw51 MSS: R a d a w i 8219 ( c a t . , V , v . 4 4 2 ) ; G u l p i v i g i n i 1870110 ( c a t . , 111,

9 + ABU 'L-QASIM B . BASAN A L - M ~ S A W ~ ( 1 3 t h c e n t u r y ) .

Hukm r u ' y a t 01-hi151 qabl 01-zawC1 MS: F a y d i y y a 1189117 ( c a t . , 111, p . 6 6 )

Rayb<nat 01-gudiir, P e r s i a n

MS: S ipahs i l i r 2536 ( c a t . , I , p.417)

' A L ~ B. 'ABD ALLAH A L - ' A L Y A R ~ : Minhiij 01-najiit = Shorb mobboth r u ' y a t 01-hiliil min 01-Rowdo al-bahiyya Edition: Tabr iz , 1309

3. ON OTHER TOPICS

AL-SHAIITD AL-AWWAL:

JawZz ibdZ' al-sofar f7 s h a h r Rarnadiin MSS: illajlis 4566111 ( c a t . , XII, p .263) ; Radawi 7735 (Bin i sh , p.809) Zanjin ( c a t . , p . 137)

IBN FAHD:

Mas'ala f j 'I-ibbZL wa 'I-tofkTr wo bukrn 01-sowm 1dh5 ~ r t o d d 01-sZ',m MS: Majlis 2750.4 ( c a t . , IX, p.126)

'ABD ALLAH A L - T U S T A R ~ :

Toyawwu' al-$awm li-man 'aiayh 01-far?@, included in h i s alkRas6'il ( see above, chapter 5)

[{USAYN B. JJAYDAR A L - J J U S A Y N ~ AL-KARAKi (mid-11th c e n t u r y ) :

Ishtiriit 'fibbat 01-sawm a/-wlijibbi 'I-yhusl min 01-jinzba MS: Majlis 4865 ( c a t . , XIII, pp.302-3)

RAPT AL-DiN MUUAMMAD B . kIASAN AL-QAZWfNf ( d . 1096):

Mos'alo flT$Cl 01-ghibiir 01-yholT~ ilo 'I-balq fi 'I-$awm MS: ~ a r ' a s h i 14091fols. 121b-126a ( c a t . , IV, p.193)

'ABD ALLAH B. 'ALT AL-BAYMART (11th c e n t u r y ) :

Mandiib 01-$iylirn MS: Majlis 276119 ( c a t . , IX, p.160)

SHUBBAR B. MUBAMMAD A L - M ~ S A W ~ AL-NAJAFf:

Al-lrtimiis fi 'I-$awm MS: Din i shg ih 720012 ( c a t . , XVI, p.485)

AL-QUMMT: - Risiiia ,f7 tabd7d waqt iftiir 01-mus6fir - RisZlo F bukm man ainab laylot al-$iyzm

Both included in his Jawlirni' 01-RasZ'il (see above, chapter 5)

ANONYMOUS:

R i s h f7 niuftiriyyot a/-dukhzn MS: Gulpiyigsni 76312 ( c a t . , 11, p . 208)

MUUAMMAD T A Q ~ A L - N O R ~ : Kashf al-owhiim F jaw6z s h u r b a/-ghalyzn fi 'I-~iyzrn, Persian MS: DinishgZh 718112 ( c a t . , XVI, p.477)

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION 163

BD ALLAH AL-MAMAQANT :

Hukm 01-rnusiifara li-man 'aloyh qa&' Romarjcn ma' f lq 01-woqt Edition: Najaf, 1344 (in his 01-lthnli'ashariyyo)

SECLIISION

UTF ALLAH B. 'ABD AL-KAR~M AL-MAYST AL- ' .~LMIL~:

A/-l'tikiifiyyo = Mii' a/-boyZt wa $liF 01-furzt MS: Raaawi 2244 ( c a t . ; 11, p . 1 1 ) ; Buruj i rdi (see AX, XIX, pp.11-12)

UVAMMAD JA'FAR AL-ASTARABADT :

Al-Koflif fl rnosli'il a/-i'tiktif MS: Marcashi 170312 ( c a t . , V , p.97)

'HAJJ

1. GENERAL

FAKHR A L - M U I ~ A Q Q I Q ~ N :

Wiiiibiit 01-hajj MSS: Din i shg ih 102213 ( c a t . , V, p . 1871); Mar'ashi 330713 ( c a t . , IX,

AL-SHAHTD AL-AWWAL:

KhulZ$at a/-i'tibiir ffi 'I-baij wa 'I-i'timiir Edition: Sidon, 1348 (in al-Amin al-'xmili 's Mo'iidin a/-jowiihir, I ,

MSS: SinZ 41716 ( c a t . , I , p .250) ; Tehran , Mubit T a b i t a b i ' i (AB, VII, p.214)

IBN FAWD:

- KiGyat 01-mubtTii MS: Los Angeles MI31313 ( c a t . , p.724)

- Moniisik a/-baii MSS: Los Angeles MI31312 ( c a t . , p . 724); Radawi 2372 ( c a t . , 11, p.49)

Risiila fi 'I-baii wo 'I-'urnra MSS: Il ihiyyzt 14213d ( c a t . , I , p.246); Milll 195717f, 119012 Arabic ( c a t . , IV, p.430, IX, p.175); Majlis 433919 ( c a t . , XII, p . 4 1 ) ; Din i shg ih 717712 ( c a t . , XVI, p.475); Radawi 2641 ( c a t . , 11, pp.132-3)

ANONYMOUS (writ ten before 947):

- WFjibFt a/-hajj wo 'I-'umra MS: Marsashi 330714 ( c a t . , IX, p.88)

- Manzsik a/-baii MS: Mar'ashi 330716 ( c a t . , IX, p.89)

AL-SHAHID AL-TIIANT:

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION 164 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHi'f LAW

MSS: Raaawi 2630, 6073 (Cat. , 11, p.129, V,p.514); D5nishgih MS: Mar'ashi 187132 ( c a t . , I , p.217)

2099110 ( c a t . , VlII , p .727) ; Mar'ashi 279615 ( c a t . , VII, p .363) ; I l ih iyy i t ZOGIld ( c a t . , I , p.259)

~ j ~ ~ i ~ o fl f o rd 01-boii wo ' I ' u m r o - Moniisik ol-haj j , a shor ter treatise on th i s subject MSS: Marcashi 330712 ( c a t . , IX, p .87) ; S in i 1229113 ( c a t . , 11, MS: Din i shg ih 5396112 ( c a t . , XV, p . 4239)

p . 174); Din i shg ih 706511 ( c a t . , XVI, p .443) ; Majlis 34551183 XSIM B. M U ~ A M M A D RIQA AL-HAZARJARTBY (d . af ter ( c a t . , X , pp.1353-4); S h i r l d (AB, XXIV, p.441); India Office 181

( c a t . , 11, p.314) MonZisik-i h a / / , Persian

ANONYMOUS (writ ten before 972): MS: Mar'ashi 3053 ( c a t . , VIII, p .272)

A/- f fo j i wo ' I - 'umro MS: S i n i 1229114 ( c a t . , 11, p.174) A Y D A R ' A L ~ AL-SH~RWANY:

Tubfat 01-sorz' ir A L - A R D A B ~ L ~ : MS: Din i shg ih 1289 ( c a t . , VII, 13.2627)

M a n k i k - i ha j j , Persian MSS: Raaawi 2373 ( c a t . , 11, p . 49) ; Gawharshid 99813 ( c a t . , p . 107) DZnishgih 87816 ( c a t . , VI , pp.1870-1); klujjatiyya 59712 ( c a t . , A/-Zuhra t7 rnonZisik ol-hoii wo ' l ' u m r o P . 115); Mar'ashi 300814-5 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 185) MS: Majlis 276118 ( c a t . , IX, pp.159-60)

ANONYMOUS (writ ten bcforc 994): M U ~ A M M A D B . ' A L ~ B. BAYDAR A L - M ~ S A W ~ A L - ~ A M I L ~ :

Maniisik 01-hajj IChi i r mii ' i n 6 b i Mansok ol-FzQ'il 01-Hind7 MS: Radawi 2656 (Bin i sh , p.1036) MS: Din i shg ih 3049 ( c a t . , X, p . 1993)

S A I ~ I B AL-MA'ZLIM: BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M :

Moniisik 01-hajj A l - ' I j i i lo 01-mijjazo fT furiiq' 01-nZisik MS: Mar'ashi 169111 ( c a t . , V, p.85) MS: Faydiyya 218 (Cat . , I , p.182)

'ABD ALLLH A L - T U S T A R ~ : SAYIB AL-RIYAQ:

Af'ZiI 01-boji Moniisik-i bo i j , Persian, t ransla ted from Arabic b y Mubarnmad 'Ali b . MS: DZnishgih 918115 ( c a t . , V , pp.1779-81) Muhammad Shar i f al-Dihdashti al-Bihbahini

MS: Milli 2470f ( c a t . , V , p.645) ANONYMOUS (ear ly 11th c e n t u r y ) :

Manzsik 01-hajj MS: Raaawi 2657 (Bin i sh , p . 1036) RisZilo dor ha j j , Persian

S : DZnishgZh 85311 ( c a t . , V, p.1871); S i n i 41717 ( c a t . , I , p.250); SULTAN AL-'ULAML': JJujjatiyya 596 ( c a t . , p . 29)

A f ' i i l - i ha j j , Persian MS: Majlis 374911 ( c a t . , X , pp.1734-5) AJJMAD A L - T A B R ~ Z T (early 13th c e n t u r y ) :

Maniisik a/-boj i AL-MAJLIST I : MS: Raaawi 2638 (Bin i sh , p . 1036)

MonZsik-i bo j j , Persian MS: Mar'ashi 15 ( c a t . , I , p.27) AL-AKHBART:

Abkiim 01-haii AL-SABZAWART : MS: Danishgih 334116 ( c a t . , XI, p.2330)

MonZisik-i ha j j , Persian MS: Milli 2198f ( c a t . , V, p.283) AL-SI-IAFTi :

ManZisik-i ha j j , Persian AL-MAJLIST 11: MSS: Milli 302912f (ca t . ,VI , pp.807-8); Faydiyya 1918 ( c a t . , 11,

- Maniisik-i ba i i , Persian p ,104) ; Raaawi 8004 (Bin i sh , p . 1036)

MSS: Mar'ashi 187131 ( c a t . , I , p .216) ; GulpSyigini 1305 ( c a t . , 11, p . 6 3 ) ; Milli 185418f (ca t . , I V , pp.316-17) MAWMOD AL-KIRMANSIIAH? :

I rsh i id ol-s i j l ik , a commentary on Muhammad 'ali al-Kirminshihi 's - WZijibiit-i @oji wa 'urnro, Persian

166 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

DalTl 01-nZsik MS: Mar'ashi 1516 (ca t . , IV, p.317)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to 13th century):

MonZsik 01-hajj MS: Mar'ashi 3047111 (ca t . , VIII, p.262)

BUSAYN B. MUJJAMMAD A L - ~ U S A Y N ~ ( d . after 1309):

Tubfat 01-bujjZj, Persian MS: IJujjatiyya 473 (ca t . , p .5)

K . ol-Hajj MS: Mar'ashi 3144 (ca t . , VIII, p.376)

A L - ~ A K T M :

DolTl a / - n c i k Edition: Najaf, 1377

A L - S H A H R D D ~ - Mabmud b . 'Ali al-Uusayni ( d . 1394):

K . 01-Hajj, his lectures compiled by Mubarnmad IbrZhim al-Janniti Edition: Najaf, 1382 - (5 vols.)

AL-GULPAYIGANT - Mubammad Rig% b . Mubammad BZqir al-Musawi:

K . 01-Hajj, his lectures compiled by Abrnad ai-Sibiri Edition: Qum, [1400?]

2. SPECIFIC

UUSAYN B . M U F L I ~ AL--SAYMART ( d . 933):

AbkZm 01-fawzf bbi ' I -Boyt 01-HarZm MS: Mar'ashi 330711 (ca t . , I X , p.87)

'ABD ALLAH AL-TUSTART:

A/-Wasiyyo b i ' I -boj j 01-wFjbib, included in his a/-RosZ'i l (see above, chapter 5)

Mas'olo f i ' I-bojj 01-boladT MS: Mashhad, Adabiyyit 25110 Fayyag (ca t . , pp . 211-12)

MUVAMMAD IJUSAYN A L - K H W A N S A R ~ - Risiilo f i ' I - ' oqd biil 01-ibriim

MS: Mar'ashi 3041117 (ca t . , VIII, p.248)

- Risiilo f7 soyd 01-mubrim MS: Mar'ashi 3041116 (ca t . , VIII, p.248)

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION

' UMRA

RisZIo f l oqoll mi? bayn o l ' u m r o t o y n NIS: Mashhad, Adabiyyit 2512 Fayyir) ( ca t . , p.211)

BN TAWQ A L - B A ~ R A N Y : AbkZm o l ' umro MS: Mareashi 2358117 (ca t . , VI, p.3401

MA ZZR (PILGRIMAGE TO HOLY SI-IRINES)

BAYDAR ' A L ~ .AL-SHTRWAN~:

Hurmot a/-moshct~id a/-musharrofa MS: Faygiyya 186112 (ca t . , 111, p.141)

'ABD ALLAH AL-MLMAQANT :

IzZbat 01-waswoso 'on toqbTl 01-a'tiib a/-rnuqaddasa Edition: Najaf, 1345

HOLY WAR

1. GENERAL

KASHIF AL-GHITA' Chiiyot 01-murZd MSS: Ragawi 2498 ( c a t . , 11, pp.89-90); Milli 1806 A p . 386); Malik 3996 (ca t . , I , p.519); Sipahsilir 8426

@.BIB AL-RIYAQ:

MS: Radawi 619311 (ca t . , V, p.404)

Al-Tubfa o l ' A b b i i s i y y o , Persian MSS: Ragawi 2 7 1 1 ( ca t . , V, pp.381, 404); Saltanati

MUJJAMMAD VUSAYN A L - K H W A T ~ NHBADT:

JihZdiyyo, Persian MS: Radawi 2348 (Binish, p.695)

ANONYMOUS:

MS: Radawi 619312 (ca t . , V, p.404)

HASIIIM (early 13th century) :

MS: Ragawi 2342 (ca t . , 11, pp.39-40)

.rabic (cat .

611 8

(cal , V,

(cat .

168 AN INTRODUCTION TO s ~ i ' i LAW

K . 01-Jihiid MS: Dinishgah 334118 ( c a t . , XI, p.2330)

ABU 'L-BASAN B. MUBAMMAD K A ~ I M (ear ly 13th c e n t u r y ) :

Ayat 01-j ihi id, Persian MS: Mar'ashi 1480 ( c a t . , IV, pp.271-2)

MUIJAMMAD R I ~ A B. MUBAMMAD MUUSIN AL-HAMADANT:

J ih i id iyyo, Persian MS: Majlis 927 TabZtabZ'i

Al-Jihi id iyya MSS: RaQawi 2347, 2349-50 ( c a t . , 11, p.41: Binish, p.695)

2 . ON BOOTY OF WAR

MAJID B . FA LA^ B. BASAN A L - S H A Y B ~ ~ N ~ (late 10th c e n t u r y ) :

Risiila jT burmat 01-tosarruf f i ' I - i i iu r r wo ' I -b i j i i rot 01-rnustakhrajo min khor i ib i i t 01-Kiifa w o ' I -H i i ' i r wo Ti is wa ghoyr ih i i MS: Mar'ashi (AB, X I , p.172)

MUBAMMAD B . I ~ A S A N AL-' AMILT : Risiila f i 'I-arp' 01-rnaftiiba 'onwaton MS: Busayniyyat KSshif al-GhitS' 55 (AB, XI, p.60)

MUUAMMAD K A ~ I M B. MUBAMMAD SHAFT' A L - H A Z A R J A R ~ B ~ (mid-13th cen tu ry) :

Risiila f i 'I-arp' a/-mafti iba 'onwaton MS: Milli 36 Arabic ( c a t . , VII, pp.36-7)

MUBAMMAD BAQIR A L - K A Z Z A Z ~ AL-SAWIJBULAGHT ( d . a f t e r 1261):

RisZ;la f i 'I-orp' a/-moftiibo 'anwoton MS: Milli 213 Arabic ( c a t . , VI I , p p . 183-4)

MUUAMMAD T A Q ~ B. A B ~ TALIB A L - A R D A K T \ N ~ AL-YAZDI ( d . 1268):

RisFlo do r obkiim-o a rz f l - y i maftiib olF'anwa, Persian MS: Milli 786f ( c a t . , 11, p.311)

MUUAMMAD K A ~ I M B . RIQA AL-TABARi (d . af ter 1267):

Risiilo fi' 'I-arp' a/-mafti iba 'onwatan MS: Dinishgah 335814 ( c a t . , XI, p.2359)

ANONYMOUS:

Risiila f i ' '1-arp' al-inoftuba 'onwatan MS: SipahsSlSr 31912 Mushir ( c a t . , 111, p.111)

LL BAUR A L - ' U L ~ M :

R,siila f i ' I -ar i i f l 01-khari i j iyya, included in his Bulghat 01-faq7h (see above, chapter 5)

MONOGRAPHS ON ACTS OF DEVOTION 169

3. ON NON-MUSLIMS

BUSAYN AL-KHWANSZR~:

Hall shakk fT kown bo'p' oh1 01-balod ki i f i ran wa aktharahum iMuslimGn MS: DSnishgSh 6710173 ( c a t . , XVI, p.342)

Sawii ' iq 01-Yohiid = Risiila dar aokiim-i j izya, Persian MSS: Mar'ashi 187126 ( c a t . , I , p .214) : DinishgZh 587812 ( c a t . , XVI, p.119); FayQiyya 1290115 ( c a t . , 111, p .75)

BAYDAR ' A L ~ AL-SH~RWANT:

Risiila fT wuj i ib qat l siibb a/-Nab7 MS: DSnishgSh 429217 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3263)

A L - B I H B A H ~ N ~ :

Risiiia fT anno ink i i r uugiil a/-madhhab IF j i i j ib 01-kufr MS: GulpSyigZni 1870116 ( c a t . , 111, p . 92)

Abk5n a/- j izya ,f7 zaman a/ -ghayba, included in his a/-Rasii ' i l (see above, chapter 5)

MUJJAMMAD T A Q ~ B. MUBAMMAD UUSAYN A L - K T \ S H ~ N ~ ( d . 1321):

Tawg7b a/-masF' i i , Pers ian, on commercial relations between the Muslims and non-Muslims MSS: Milli 765f ( c a t . , 11, p.293); S h i r i z , F i r s

ANONYMOUS:

JawFz-i musiif irat-i Piidishiih b i -Farang, Persian MS: Masjid-i Jamie 243 ( c a t . , p.358)

'ABD AL-RASGL A L - F ~ R ~ ~ Z K G H ~ :

Hukm taklTf 01-kiifir b i 'I-qap'ii' ma' suqut ih b i ' I- lsl i im Edition: Tehran , 1321

'ABD ALLAH AL-MAMAQAN? : Kashf al-asto?- 'an wuj i ib ol-ghusl 'a10 ' I - ku f f i r Edition: Najaf, 1344 ( in his a/ - l thn i i 'ashar iyya)

4 . ON NON-SI-If'TS

AL-MAJLIST 11:

vukm- i ma- i Ni is ib- i , Persian MSS: Mar'ashi 187115 ( c a t . , I , p.211); GulpSyigZni 122316 ( c a t . , 11, p . 263)

170 AN INTRODUCTION TO S H T ' ~ LAW

Risiila fi 6oqTqot ol-Nii$ib MS: Mashhad, AdabiyyZt 2518 FayyZp (cat . , p . 212)

ANONYMOUS (written before 1169):

Rof' 01-iltibiis ' on obkiim 01-niis MS: Mar'ashi 1965 (cat . , V, pp.336-7)

'ABBAS ' A L ~ B. MUIJAMMAD AL-KAZZAZT (d . after 1229):

Abklim a/-mukhait j i7 MS: Mar'ashi 284111 (ca t . , VIII, p.46)

AL-BALAGHT : ' I q d fi ilziim ghoyr 01-1mi;mT b i obkzm n ib la t ih Edition: Tehran, 1378

ORDERING GOOD AND FORBIDDING EVIL

BASAN AL-KARAK'~ :

Al-Amr bi ' I -mo'rcf wo ' I -nohy 'on 01-munkor MSS: Waziri 2077 (ca t . , IV, p.1150); AdabiyyZt 120112 ljikmat (cat . , p.42)

AL-AKHBLRT :

K . 01-Amr b i ' I -mo'rcf wo ' I -nahy 'on a/-munkar MS: DXnishgZh 334119 (ca t . , XI, p.2330)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to 13th century) :

K . a/-Amr b i ' I -mo'r i i f wo ' I -nohy 'on 01-munkor M S : Gawharshad 145811 (cat., p.220)

AL- SHAFT^ : Iqo?not ol-budi7d f7 ramon 01-ghaybo, Persian MSS: Faypiyya 13812 (ca t . , I , p.20, 11, p.72); GulpZyigZnT 435 (cat . , 11, p.103); UstXdi (cat . , p.48)

C

ON CONTRACTS

1. GENERALITIES

AL-FJURR A L - ' A M I L ~ : Risiilo f7 anno ' I - tagorruf wa ' I -yad dalj-I a/-mi lk iyyo MS: Fayaiyya 191013 (ca t . , 111, p. 148)

AL-BIHBAHHNT : Risiilo fi anna ' / -a$/ f~ 'I-mu'iimol?t 01-$ibbo MSS: DZnishgZh 71313 (ca t . , V, p.1777); BuqEq 24714j (cat . , p.3

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

R;s?lo fi jowzz togorruf 01-m5l;k ma' 01-'ilm bi-toq'arrur 01-jbr

Riszlo fi' ' I -shor t p'imn a/- 'oqd

Both included in his a/-Ros5'i l and Jow5mimi' a l -rosi i ' i l (see above,

ASAN AL KASHIF AL-GHITA':

Qawii ' id al-mu'iimolZt MS: DZnishgZh 690611 (cat . , XVI, p . 411)

AJJMAD B . ' ALT MUKHTAR AL-GULPAYIGHNT : Agzlot 01-luziim f i ' I - ' u q c d MS: Mar'ashi 349411 (ca t . , IX, p.290)

MUJJAMMAD T A Q ~ AL-HA RAW^ : Riszla f ; ' / - shor t q'imn o l - 'oqd MS: Nurbakhsh 55911 (ca t . , 11, p . 203)

ABU 'L-QASIM A L - K U J ~ R ~ (d . after 1314):

Risiila F qi i ' idat ku l l mii yup'mon b i -$abib ih yuq'man bi-fbsidih Edition: Tehran, 1314

MUEjAMMAD JA'FAR B. MUEjAMMAD 'ALT AL-JJUSAYNT AL-KASHANT

Risiila f i ' I - shur i i t Edition: Tehran, 1315

AL BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M : - Risiila f i 'I-qobp' wo baqiqot ih

- Risiila fT qz ' idot mb yup'mon bi-$abTbih yup'mon b i -Es id ih

- Risiilo f7 qz ' idat a/-yad

- Risiilo F ' o q d 01-fup'Cl7

All included in his Bulghot a/- faqih (see above, chapter 5)

M A H D ~ AL-KHALIST :

A/-Qowb'id 01-fiqhiyya f i 'I-mu'zmolbt Edition: Mashhad, 1343

'ALT B . MUUAMMAD BUSAYN A L - S H A H R A S T ~ N ~ :

RisElo f i ' I- ieri;p' 'an a/-miil Edition: Tehran, 1320

A L - B A L A G H ~ :

Ris;io f7 qb ' idot rn; yuq'man b i -$obib ih yup'mon b i - f i i d i h Edition: Najaf, 1343 (together with his U s h i y o t a/-Makcsib)

AL-TRAWANY : Jumbn oolsilk f i 'I-i'rZip' ' on ol-milk

48 Edition: Tehran, 1379 (together with his Uoshiyot a/-Makiisib)

172 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'? LAW MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

AHMAD B . 'INAYAT ALLAH A L - Z A N J A N ~ : A'FAR QULi B. 'ABD A L - ' A L ~ ( d . af ter 1246):

TdFb ol-obwi;l f7 abkiirn a/-hii/Zt oi-fiiriyo 'ola 'I-mTii Siyagh a / - ' u q i d MS: Zanjini 129 ( c a t . , p . 244) MS: Mar'ashi 2009.2 ( c a t . , VI, p.12)

2 . ON FORMULAS UljAMMAD JA'FAR AL-ASTARABAD~:

IBN TAYY: Siyogh a/-'uqGd wo 'I-7qZCiit Editions: Tabr iz , 1293: T e h r a n , 1333

A/-Durr a / -mandid MSS: DZnishgSh 406415 ( c a t . , XIII, p . 3047); Mar'ashi 154112 (ca t . MSS: Raaawi 6496 ( c a t . , V , p .420) ; Mashhad, IlZhiyyZt 192 (ca t . IV, p .343) ; Milli 1622 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p .175) ; Raaawi 5714, 7234 p.113) (Bin i sh , p.907)

Translation: Pers ian, b y Mubarnmad Taqi b . Mubammad muqim M U F L I ~ AL-SAYMART: al-AstarZbSdi a l -Sirawi , MS: GawharshZd 112411 ( c a t . , p.149)

Jawiihir 01-kalimiit MSS: Ja 'fariyya (Tu'rna 11, p . 3 1 ) ; Majlis 540515, 535414 ( c a t . , XVI pp.265, 310); Raaawi 6464, 2326, 2596 ( c a t . , 11, pp.34-5, V, p.403 Siyogh a/-'uqiid wa 'I-TqZ'Zt MGza 4329 ( c a t . , p.203); Mar'ashi 225512, 3702, 13312 ( c a t . , I , MS: Majlis 4368 ( c a t . , XII, p . 78) p . 153, VI, p . 240, X, p . 104); Gawharshiid 1120 ( c a t . , p . 255); Milli 166815 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p .250) ; Malik 2862 ( c a t . , I , p.214); ' A L ~ B . GUL MUHAMMAD A L - Q A R P ~ Z ~ B A D T AL-ZANJANY ( d . 1290): DZnishgih 3702 ( c a t . , XlI, p . 2706); Masjid-i A'zam 96512 $iyogh 01-'uqzd

HUSAYN AL-SAYMART: Editions: Tabr iz , 1308 a n d o the rs (see MushZr, cols. 595-6) -

Mahiisin a/-kolirniit = ol-lqiipit 'ABD AL-'ALT B. MUHAMMAD AL-HARANDT (late 13th c e n t u r y ) : MS: Radawi 2596 ( c a t . , 11, p p . 118-19) Siyogh o l ' u q i j d , Persian

AL-KARAKT : MS: GulpZyigZni 1151 ( c a t . , 11, p . 127)

- Siyogh o i k ' u q i d wo 'I-7qi;'iit MUHAMMAD HASHIM AL-KHWANSART: Editions: Tehran , 1315 ( in t h e collection of Kolirniit a/-muboqqiqii?), 1318

Siyogh a/-'uqGd

Selected MSS: Radawi 2488-9, 7094 ( c a t . , 11, p .86, V, p.465); Editions: IgfahZn, 1310, 1317

Mar'ashi 68013, 2214, 13311 ( c a t . , I , pp .34 , 153, 11, p .273) ; Majlis MS: GulpSyig5ni 113514 ( c a t . , 11, p.231)

4339110, 535412 ( c a t . , XII, pp.41-2, XVI, p.264); Milli 195716f, 195612 Arabic ( c a t . , VI, pp.429-30, X, p.638); DinishgZh 539712,

'ABD ALLAH AL-MAMAQANT :

6963110 ( c a t . , XV, p.4239, XVI, p.413) ; Malik 647 ( c a t . , I , p.487) A/-Durr a/-rnonq'Ed Bengal 645 ( c a t . , I , p.318) Edition: Najaf, 1346 Translation: Pers ian, b y Mu'pammad YGsuf al-AstarZbiidi (late 13th c e n t u r y ) , edited several times ( e . g . Tabr iz , 1313) ANONYMOUS:

- AnTs 01-towwiibiii, h i s opinions on th i s topic compiled by JJZfiz al- - Siyayh a/-'uqGd KZshini MS: Marcashi 114912 ( c a t . , 111, p.323)

MS: Mar'ashi 100314 ( c a t . , 111, p.199) - Nobdho f7 siyogh oi- 'uqzd

AL-SIIAHTD AL-THANT: MS: Gharb 471218 ( c a t . , p.381)

$iyoyh o l - ' u q i d MSS: Jawidayn (AB, V, p.278, XV, p . 109); GulpZyigZni 68212 TRANSACTION ( c a t . , 11, p .201) ; Gharb 78612 ( c a t . , p.276)

AL-MINSHAR - 'AE b . APmad b . I-liial alh'Amili (mid-10th c e n t u r y ) : K ~ S H I F A L - G H I T ~ :

Siyagh 01-'uqzd wo 'I-Tqz'at MS: Majlis 7185

MaqZFd a/-qujGd MSS: Gawharshid 118713. 1049.4 (Cat. , P .408) : Gul~ivi!zini ( c a t . . . " L

I p . 2 ) ; Waziri 325013 ( c a t . , V , p.1587)

S h a r b ai-QawFCid, a commentary on the chap te r on transaction of al-'Allima's Qawii'id 01-abkiirn MSS: Radawi 7747-8 (Bin i sh , p .880) ; Mnlik 1106, 2656 ( c a t . , I , p .431) ; Majlis 1308, 4330, 514711 ( c a t . , IV, pp.80-1, XII, p.22, XV. p.217); Faydiyya 911 (Cat. , I , p . 154); Gawharshid 74111 ( c a t . , p.330); Matbaf 2960 ( c a t . , I , p .246) ; Princeton 1345 New Ser ies ; Najaf, Madrasat al-Sayyid ( A n , XIII, p . 132); U s t i f i ( c a t . , p.24)

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

(a )

PROHIBITED BUSINESS

174 A N INTRODUCTION TO s ~ i ' i LAW

AL-AKHBART :

K . a/-Tiicrtt wo 'I-rnoncfi' wo 'I-$inZ'Zt MS: Dinishgih 3341110 (ca t . , XI, p.2330)

MUIJSIN AL-KHANFAR AL-NAJAFT ( d . 1270): , GENERAL

K . 01-TijZiro, his lectures compiled by Abii =lib al-Qi'ini L -KHUMAYN~. : MS: Mar'ashi 1520 ( c a t . , IV, p.322)

A/-Mokfiib a/-muborromo AL-AN$ART : Edition: Tehran, 1381

- K . 01-Makcsib = 01-Motriir Editions: Tabriz , 1375 and others M U R T A ~ A AL-FJA'IRI: Autograph: DinishgZh, microfilm 3642 (ca t . , 11, p . 208) Ibtigh?' ol-faglo Commentaries: (1) by al-Rashti, edited Tehran, 1317 (together with Edition: Qum, 1383 Mubammad gasan al-MimaqZni's Chiiyot a/-FmZI), MS: Gulpiyigini 69 (cat . , 11, p . 62) ; (2) by Rids b . MuPammad Hidi al-Hamadini , MS: 2 . ON MUSIC Sh i r i z i (AB, VI, p . 219); (3) ChZyot 01-Zimiil, by Mubarnmad gasan al-MZmaqiui, edited Tehran, 1317, MSS: Dinishgih 752-4 (ca t . , V, A L - S A B Z A W ~ R ~ : pp.1948-51); (4) Bughyot 01-fiilib, by Abu '1-Qisim b . Ma'giim al-gusayni al-Ishkawari (da. 1324-5); edited Tehran, 1322; - Risclo fi 'I-ghinz'

(5) by Mubarnmad 'Ali b . Mubammad Sidiq al-KhwZnsZri, edited MSS: SipahsZlir 8190113 (ca t . , V, p.352); Dinishgih 354114 (ca t . ,

Tehran, 1324 (in the margin of al-AngZri's 01-Makcsib); (6) by XII, p.2526); Masjid-i A'zam 3118; Majlis 326312 (ca t . , X , pp. 873-4)

al-KhurZsini , edited Tehran, 1319; (7) by al-Yazdi , edited Tehran, - RisTila fi 'I-ghino' , different from above 1324, 1378; (8) by Mubarnmad Taqi al-Shir izi , edited Tehran, 1323; MS: DZnishgZh, microfilm 365312 from a private MS (ca t . , 11, p.213) (9) Moq~od 01-TClib, by Abu '1FQZsim b . Zayn al-'Abidin al-gusayni ImZm al-Jum'a ( d . 1346), edited Tehran, 1314, 1368; (10) Nihcyot ' A L ~ B . MUYAMMAD AL-'AMILi: a/-iimi71, by 'Abd Allih al-Mimaqini, edited Najaf, 1345; (11) by al-Balighi , edited Najaf, 1343; (12) by al-irawini , edited Tehran, TonbTh al-ghiifiI7nn, in refutation of al-SabzawZrils above-mentioned

1365, 1379; (13) Munyot a / - fa ib , a l-Ni ' ini ls lectures on 01-Makcsib treatises

compiled by MiisZ b . MuI)ammad al-KhwZnsiri, edited Najaf, 1357-8, MS: Dinishgiih, microfilm 365311 from a private MS (ca t . , 11, p.212)

Tehran, 1373; (14) a second collection of al-Ni'inT1s lectures on a/-Makcsib, compiled by MuQammad Taqi al-Amuli, edited Tehran, M ~ R LAWgi - Mubarnmad Hidi b . Mubarnmad al-gusayni al-sabzawiri

1372-3; (15) by Mubarnmad JJusayn al-Igfahini ( d . 13611, edited (late 11th century):

Tehran, 1363; ( 16) Bulghat ai-f?lib, by Mubammad KZ8im al-Shirizi I 'liim 01-obibbc' ( d . 1367), edited Tehran, 1370; (17) Hidcyat 01-pilib, by FattZQ b . MSS: Majlis 567211, 5511 (ca t . , XVI, p.410, XVII, pp.124-5) Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Shahidi, edited Tabriz, 1375; (18) Nohi a/-foqcho, by al-gakim, edited Najaf, 1371; (19) Migbiil, 01-foqfho, al-Khu'ils ANONYMOUS (belonging to early 12th century) : lectures on a/-Makcsib, compiled by Mubammad 'Ali al-Tawbidi, edite Najaf, 1374-82; (20) ol-Mu~?Zp'oriit fi 'I-fiqh a/-JaCforT, another collec MaqcmZt a/-siilikTn , Persian

tion of al-Khu'i's lectures on ol-Mokiisib, compiled by 'Ali al-gusayni MS: DZnishgih 5702 (ca t . , XVI, p p . 70-1)

al-ShihrGdi , edited Najaf, 1373-84 MAJID A L - B A F J R A N ~ - Mubarnmad b . Ibrihim al-gusayni (early 12th - A/-Boy' wo 'I-khiyiiret, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils century) :

MS: Mar'ashi 1795 (ca t . , V, p.181) TqE ol-nF'imTn

'ALI AL-KANi ( d . 1306): MSS: Sipahsilir 815113 (ca t . , 111, p.230); Tustariyya (AB, 11, p.505)

AbkFm oal'uqCid wa 'Ikkhiy7irct Abridgement: by Miisi b . Fadl AllZh al-gusayni al-Hamadini (late Editions: Tehran, 1304, 1317 (together with his K . a/-Qop'o') 13th century) , MS: Fayoiyya 1960110 (ca t . , 111, p . 156)

IJUSAYN A L - Q A Z W ' ~ N ~ :

Risiila f7 ball bodTth worod fi " I ~ o w t 01-bason MSS: Raoawi 250516 (ca t . , 11, p.118); Zanjini 7616 ( c a t . , pp.220-1)

'ABD AL-SAMMAD AL-HAMADANT: RisFIa fi 'I-ghin?' MSS: Milli 3029/7f (ca t . , VI, p.811); Nujumi (ca t . , p.255)

176 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS 177

A L - Q U M M ~ : Translation: Persian, by Muhammad Biiqir b . Abi 'I-Futiih al-Miisawi (late 11th century) , MS: Tabriz , Thiqat al-Islim (Nosh. , VII, p . 532)

RisFlo fi 'I-ghinii', included in his 01-Rosci'il (see above, chapter 5)

MUIJAMMAD JA'FAR B . MUIJAMMAD UUSAYN AL-SHAHRASTANT ( d . 126 Al-Siriij 01-wohhiij

Rislilo wol>o fi 'I-ghinF' Edition: Tehran 1313 (in the above-mentioned collection) MS: Diinishgih 111113 (ca t . , V, p.1896)

BD AL-$AMAD: M A I J M ~ D A L - K I R M A N S H A H ~ :

Riscilo f7 billiyyot jowF'iz 01-sulfiin Risiilo f7 burmot 01-ghinF' MS: Milli 194312 Arabic ( ca t . , X, p.616); IJakim 1506m (ca t . , I , MS: Mar'ashi 153712 ( c a t . , IV, p.337)

MUIJAMMAD RASOL AL-KASHANT (13th century):

RisZilo fT burmot 01-ghin?' - Risiilo fi 'I-khorSij MS: Sipahsilir 756415 (ca t . , V, p.353)

- Riscilo mukhto$ora fi 'I-khoriij N A ~ A R *AL? B . SULTAN A L - T A L I Q A N ~ ( d . 1306): Editions: Tehran, 1313 (in the above-mentioned collection), 1318 (in

the margin of al-Khuris ini 's Durar 01-fow5'id) RisFlo fi 'I-ghinF' Selected MSS: Sipahsilir 144614-5 (ca t . , IV, p.364); Milli 1889 Arabic Edition: Tehran, 1304 (ca t . , X, p.533); Dinishgih 7387199 ( ca t . , XVI, p.534)

ABU 'L-MAJD: MAJID AL-SHAYBANT: Risrilo fi 'I-ghin5' RisZilo fT bill a/-khoriij Edition: an abridgement of it is edited Tehran, 1381 (in al-Khumay Edition: Tehran, 1313 (in the above-mentioned collection) 01-Makzsib a/-mubarramo) MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XI, p . 179) MS: Zanjini 112 (ca t . , p . 239)

'ABD ALLAH B. 'iSA A L - I Q F A H A N ~ A L - A F A N D ~ ( d . around 1130): 3. ON BACKBITING

Al-KhorFjiyyo H L D ~ AL-TIHRANT : MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XI, p.179)

RisFlo f i 'I-ghaybo MULLA KITAB - Muhammad Taqi b . Mubammad al-Najafi (mid-13th MS: Majlis 540212 ( ca t . , XVI, p.307)

4. ON WORKING FOR THE GOVERNMENT A/-Mi$bFb 01-wohhSij MSS: Gharb 5316 (ca t . , p.192); Sipahsi l i r 6113 (ca t . , IV, p.365)

AL-MURTAPA:

Mos'olo fi 'I 'omol ma' 01-sultFn Edition: London, 1980 AD (in the Bulletin of the Schoolof Oriental and

( b )

African Studies, XLIII, pp. 22-41 SALE MSS: Sipahsilir 2524 ( ca t . , V, pp.557-9); Majlis 518713 (ca t . , XVI, p .6) ; Diinishgih 6914119 (cat. , XVI, p.398); Princeton 2751 Yahuda 1. GENERAL (ca t . , p . 137); Berlin Pet. 40 (ca t . , IV, pp. 347-8); sahib al-Dhari'a (Cat. of microfilms of DZnishgih, I , p.575); Kishiin, 'Atifi (Nosh., MUVAMMAD IBRAHTM B. QASIM AL-KAZIMi AL-NAJAFT (13th century): XI-XII, p.953)

5. ON TAX REVENUE AND GOVERNMENT'S GIFTS MS: Majlis 4436 (ca t . , XII, pp. 121-2)

A L - K A R A K ~ : 'ABD AL-KARTM A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ A L - G ~ L A N T (late 13th century):

~ n o r o l ~ y y a t J Selected MSS: Radawi 2527-8, 2798 (ca t . , 11, p.99); Dinishgih 87212 ANONYMOUS (belonging to late 13th century) : 7202 (ca t . , V, p . 1967, XVI, p.486); Majlks 5650 (ca t . , XVII, p . 106); K . 01-Boy' Milli 1006 Arabic (ca t . , X, p.566); al-Imim al-Mahdi (Mabfiiz 11, MSS: GulpiyigZini 697, 643 ( ca t . , 11, p .21); Fayoiyya 1718 p.212); Malik 597 (ca t . , I , p.559); Los Angeles MI28314 (ca t . , p.722)

178 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

K . a/-Bay' MSS: Tustar iyya (AB, 111, p . 191); DZnishgih 726 ( c a t . , V, p.1938

K . al-Boy ' , his lectures compiled by AbG Tilib al-Tajlil Edition: Qum, 1373

AL-KHUMAYNT:

K . 01-Bay* Edition: Najaf, 1389-97

MUJJAMMAD R I Q ~ A L - G U L P ~ Y I G ~ N ~ :

K . a/-Bay ' , his lectures compiled b y 'Afi al-i jusayni al-Milani Edition: Qum, 1400

2. SPECIFIC

MAJID AL-SHAYBANT: Risiilo f7 wuj i ib a / - i t t i j i i r bi-miil 01-$agh7r wo is t inmz ' ih /ah MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XXV, p .29)

A l ' A y n f7 to' i irup' baqqoy a/-mutobiiya'ayn MSS: Danishgih 185914 ( c a t . , VIII, p.459); Mar'ashi 338211 ( c a t . , IX, p.158)

AL-QUMMY :

- Risiilo f i ' I-mu'i ici i t

- Risiila f i 'I-fup'iilT - Risiila t7 onnoh ha1 yaj i iz li-man bii' s i l 'atoh mln ghay r ih an

yash tar iyoh i i minh, ma' 01-short ow b i -d i in ih

All included in his 01-Rasii'il (see above, chapter 5)

MUWAMMAD R A S ~ L B. 'ABD AL-'AZ~Z (mid-13th c e n t u r y ) :

A/ -Tanb ih f7 wozii ' i f ol-faq7h MS: Gulpiyigini 1936

Yaniib7' 01-wiliiya MS: Radawi 7170 ( c a t . , V , p.531)

MUJJAMMAD R A J J ~ M A L - B U R ~ J I R D ~ :

Risii la f i ' I -bay' 01-fuq'iir MS: Raaawi 5849 (Bin i sh , p.790)

MUUAMMAD ' A L ~ B. MUBAMMAD BAQIR AL-MASJIDSHAHT a l - l S F A ~ r \ ~ ' i ( d . 1318):

Risiilo f i ' I -wi lZyi i t Edition: Tehran , 1312

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

L BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M :

- Risiilo t7 bay' 01-mu'iiti it

- Risiilo t7 talof 01-mob?' qabl qobp'ih

- Risiilo f i ' I -wi l i iy i i t

All included in his Bulghat a/-faq7h (see above, chapter 5)

( c )

RIGHT OF CANCELLATION

1. GENERAL

' A L ~ AL KASHIF AL-GHITA':

Sharb 01-Lum'o, a s a commentary on t h e relevant chap te r of al-Shahid al-Awwal's a/-Lum'a 01-Dimoshqiyyo Edition: Tehran , 1319 MSS: Raaawi 2388 ( c a t . , 11, p . 54); Majlis 113 Khu ' i ( ca t . , VII, p p . 118-19)

HADT A L - T I H R ~ N ~ :

Dhakh i i ' i r 01-nubuwwa Edition: Tabr iz , 1325 MSS: Danishgah 799 ( c a t . , V, pp.1880-2); Majlis 271711, 275313 ( c a t . , IX, pp .38 , 139)

MURTAQA B . AJJMAD AL-KHUSRAWSHAHT ( d . 1372):

Nfthi i r i i t 01-kawi ik~b, a commentary on t h e relevant chapter of a1 Angar i t s 01-Mokiisfb Editlon: Tehran , 1370

2. SPECIFIC

Risiila fT tabq7q a/-boy' b i -shor t a / -kh iy i i r MS: Dinishgah 288812 ( c a t . , X, p.1733)

- Risiila fT t a ~ o r r u f al-mushtor7 fi roman 01-khfyi ir MSS: Majlis 333316 ( c a t . , X, pp.1130-1; see also AB, XI, pp.148-9)

ANONYMOUS:

Fi i ' ida f7 jaw& bay' a / -shar t MS: Majlis 520212 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 33)

MUJJAMMAD RIQA B . MUJJAMMAD 'ALT AL-ISFARJT\N~ AL-GOI.PAYIGAN~ ( d . af ter 1258)

Risiilo IT jawiiz akhdh a/-orsh min ghoyr a/-nogdoyn MS: DZnishgZh 195316 ( c a t . , VIII, p.568)

MUJJAMMAD B . 'ALT AL-KHUSRAWSHAHT A L - T A B R ~ Z ~ ( d . around 1312):

A/-Risi i la 01-Biiqir iyya Edition: Tabr iz , 1310 ( together with his Mishki i t ol-ma$iibTb)

182 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

HIRE AND LEASE

1. GENERAL

AL-KIRMANSHAHT:

K . 01-ljiiro MS: Racjawi 6640 ( c a t . , V , p.354)

ANONYMOUS:

K . 01-l j i iro, a collection of lectures on this topic MS: Majlis 454612 ( c a t . , XII, p.219)

AL-RASHTT :

K . 01-lji iro Edition: Tehran , 1298, 1316 MS: Masjid-i A'zam 11709

K . 01-l j i iro, his lectures compiled b y his s o n , Muhammad b . Kigim a l -Khur i s in i MS: Dznishgih 115112 ( c a t . , V , p.1832)

FAYYAQ AL-ZANJAN'~:

K . 01-ljiiro Edition: Tehran , 1343

K . 01-lji iro Edition: Najaf, 1375

2 . SPECIFIC

'ABD ALLAH A L - T U S T A R ~ :

Risiilo fT tomalluk 01-01% l i ' I -u j ro b i ' I k ' oqd , included in his 01-Rasii'il (see above, chap te r 5)

AL-FAYQ :

RisZilo fT hukm akhdh ol-ujro 'o la 'I-wCjibFt MSS: Mar'ashi 140118 ( c a t . , IV, p.176); Majlis 3818110 ( c a t . , X, p.1843)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to ear ly 14th c e n t u r y ) :

Risr71o dor ajal-i i jCra, Persian MS: Din i shg ih 445711 ( c a t . , XIII, p.3414)

ZL BAIJR A L - ' U L ~ M :

RisCla fT okhdh 01-ujra 'o la ' I -wCj ibi i t , included in h i s Bulghot a/-faq7h (see above, chapter 5)

MUUAMMAD IjUSAYN AL-I$FAH%N~:

RisZilo f i hukm okhdh 01-ujro ' a l a ' I-wii j ibi i t Edition: Tehran , 1363 ( together with his ( i i ishiyat a/-Mokiisib)

MONOGRAPHSON CONTRACTS

PROCURATION

'ABD ALLAH AL-TUSTART ( d . 1021):

R~si i lo f i wok71 a/-zowlo Translation: Pers ian, b y Muhammad $ id iq a l -Sirkini , MS: Waziri ( ca t . of microfilms of Din i shg ih , I , p . 705)

( iukm 01-jolciq bl-do'wi i 01-wlkiilo ' on 01-row1 ma' ~nkiir ir,h(see below, monographs on divorce)

ANONYMOUS:

Risiila f i taliiq muddo'7 01-wikiilo ' on ol-zowj ma' ink& 01-zawj (see below, monographs on divorce)

'ABD ALLAH AL-KIRMZNSHAHT:

Ta'i irup' a/-wok71 wo 'I-muwakkil f i mii low b5' ro ju l l i - - rojul shoy'on wo sharar l i-nofsih a / -kh iy i i r MS: I l ih iyy i t 81912d ( c a t . , 11, p .20)

AL-SHAFT1 :

Risiilo f i toliiq muddo'? a 1 wiki i la 'on a/-zawj ma' ink i i r 01-row/ (see below, monographs on divorce)

ENDOWMENT

1. GENERAL

K . 01-Woqf MS: Mar'ashi 349417 ( c a t . , 11, p.293)

MUBAMMAD K A ~ M B . RIP% AL-TABART :

Risiilo f i boyiin b o ' d mosii' i l 01-woqf MS: Din i shg ih 335813 ( c a t . , XI, p.2359)

AL-ANSART : - K . 01-WuqCf wo 'I-zadoqiit

MS: Ma'had 1295 (cat . p . 112)

K . ol-Woqf, his lectures compiled b y Mubarnmad Ibrihim al-Rashti MS: Mar'ashi 1066 ( c a t . , 111, p.251)

ABMAD B. MUBAMMAD MUUSIN AL-FAYPT (late 13th c e n t u r y ) :

K . 01-Waqf MS: Gawharshid 38 ( c a t . , p . 361)

Sofwot a/-moq3 MS: Mar'ashi 3132 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 361)

184 A N INTRODUCTION TO s ~ i ' i LAW

K . a/-Woqf MSS: Tustariyya 62211 ( c a t . , p .869) ; Majlis 327512, 4312, 37 TabXtabi ' i ( c a t . , X, pp.883-4, XII, p . 5 )

RisZila fi 'I-waqf Edition: Baghdad, 1331 ( in his ShadharZt) Commentary: b y Mahdi al-Khilisi , edited Baghdad, 1331 ( in his 0 1 - D a r K 01-IZimiCZit)

MUJJAMMAD ~ A L I J J B . FAQL ALLAH A L - ~ ~ ' I R T AL-SIMNAN~ (d. 1391):

K . al-Woqf Edition: Tehran , 1377

2 . SPECIFIC

AJJMAD B. ZAYN A L - ' A B I D ~ N A L - ' A M I L ~ :

BayZin a/-boqq wo tibyZin aalsidq MS: Radawi 2259 ( c a t . , 11, pp.15-16); Faydiyya 1961 ( c a t . , I , p.36:

IJUSAYN AL ' u ~ F ~ R :

BurhZin aolashrZif if man' bay ' 01-awqzf MS: Radawi 6462 ( c a t . , V, pp.373-4)

AL-QUMMT :

Risiila fi 'I-waqf wa bayiin bbiil madrasa 15 yu'lom wiiqifuhii, included in his 01-Rosii'il (see above, chapter 5)

AL-SHAFTT :

Risiilo fi 'adorn luzi7m a/-qabd idhii ja'al a/-wiiqif 01-tawliya li-nafsih MSS: Faydiyya 108913, 137312 ( c a t . , 111, p .54, 87) ; Mar'ashi 319211 ( c a t . , VIII, pp.412-13)

ABU 'L-QASIM B . M U ~ A M M A D MAHDI AL-NARAQT ( d . 1256):

Mulakhkho$ 01-maqol, in refutation of al-Shafti 's above-mentioned treatise MS: Mar'ashi 3136 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 365)

MUJJAMMAD B. 'ASHUR AL-KIRMANSHAHT :

Risiila f7 boy' a/-waqf MS: Mar'ashi 2575/fols. 12-14 ( c a t . , VII, p.165)

LEGACIES

1. GENERAL

K . 01-ll'osiivii. a s a commentarv on t h e relevant chao te r of al-'Allima's

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

AL-RASHTI :

K . ol-Wo$ZiyZi MS: DinishgXh 671111 ( c a t . , XVI, p .343)

AL BAJJR A L - ' U L U M : RisZla fi 'I-wa$iyyo, includce in his Hulghat 01-faqTh (see above, chapter 5)

ANONYMOUS:

Masii'il-i wo$ZiyZi, Persian MS: Milli 263313f ( c a t . , v I , p.191)

MUTAFFAR B . MUJJAMMAD 'ALT AL-JJUSAYNT AL-RASHTi (early 14th cen tu ry) :

A/-MasZ'il a i - ~ a s h t i ~ ~ a MS: Mar'ashi 129612 ( c a t . , IV , pp.44-5)

2 . SPECIFIC

I JJASAN AL-GTLZNT (late 11th cen tu ry) :

Mas 'latiin fi ' I-wa~iyya MS: Majlis 277313-4 ( c a t . , I X , p.209)

RisZla iT rnunaijaziit a/-moriq', included in h i s a/-Rasii'il and his JawZimi' a/-rasz ' i l (see above, chap te r 5)

59

4 MUBAMMAD JA'FAR B. MUFJAMMAD JJUSAYN A L - T I H R A N ~ ( d . a f t e r 1256)

Risiila tT ta$arruf?it a/-marT@ MS: Fayoiyya 77113 ( c a t . , 111, p.20)

MASHKOR B . MUJJAMMAD A L - I ~ A W L A W ~ AL-NAJAF~ ( d . 1272):

Risiila f7 munoijazbt a/-marig Edition: Tehran , 1323

RisZilo f7 rnunojjaziit 01-mar?@ MS: DinishgZh 695614 ( c a t . , XVI, p .411)

MUJJAMMAD 'ABBAS A L - M ~ S A W ~ AL-LAKNAWT:

Al-Raw@ a/-or?# f7 munajjazZit 01-mar?q' MS: Mar'ashi 2030 ( c a t . , VI, p .36)

AL BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M :

RisZiIa f7 rnunajjaziit 01-marid, included in his Bulghot 01-faq'ih (see above, chapter 5)

MUJJAMMAD JJUSAYN AL-KHWLNSART:

Irshiid a;-ddhhiin Editions: Tehran. 1305. 1325 (both tocether with his a/-Mokiislb) MS: Faygiyya 99311 (c'at., 111, p.47)Y

186 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

Risiila fT munojiozilt 0i-mOrTd Editions: Tehran, 1324, 1378 (together with his Hcshiyot a/-Makcsib)

ABU 'L-QASIM B. ZAYN AL- 'ABIDIN A L - J $ U S A Y N ~ :

Risiila fT rnunaiiozct ooirnor7p' Edition: Tehran, 1323

MUUSIN B. 'ABD A L - K A R ~ M A L - A M ~ N AL-'AMILT ( d . 1373):

Al-Rowp' 01-arTd fT ta$arrufCt 01-rnarTd Edition: [Sidon?], n . d .

MUUAMMAD $ALIW AL-SIMNT\NT:

RisZ;la fi munajjozct 01-rnorTp' Edition: Tehran. 1377

MARRIAGE

1 . GENERAL

ANONYMOUS (belonging to late 9th century) :

Nuzhat ai-orweb MSS: Bengal 647 (ca t . , I , p.320); Dinishgxh 6875, 88216, 498913 (ca t . . V . ~ ~ . 2 0 8 5 - 7 . X V , ~ . 4 0 7 7 . XVI, p.387); Radawi 2853 (ca t .

'IZZ AL-DTN A L - A M U L ~ (early 10th century) :

Lum'a dar nikeb-i dC'irn wa mut 'o , Persian MSS: Radawi 2552 (ca t . , 11, p . 106); Faydiyya 161711 ( ca t . , 111, p . 109); Malik 5445 (AB, XVIII, pp . 353-4); Dinishgih 310619 (ca t . , X I , p.2060); Majlis 843 (ca t . , 111, p.74); Mar'ashi 166715 (ca t . , V, p.62)

Sharb k . 01-nikzb MS: Dir al-Kutub 19178 (ca t . , I , p . 289)

'ABD AL-KARTM AL-BA'IRT :

K . 01-Nik* , his lectures compiled by MabrnCd al-Ashtiyini Edition : Tehran, n . d .

2 . ON PROPRIETY BETWEEN THE SEXES

'ATA' ALLAH B. MASiFj AL-AMULi (10th century 1:

Fc' ida fT burrnot sirno' $owt a/-rnor'a l i ' I - rojul MS: Majlis 433913 ( ca t . , XII, pp.38-9)

RisZIo fT bukm 01-nogar i /Z wojh al-ainobiyya MSS: Princeton 1317 New Series (fols. 47b-64a); Waziri 374214 (ca t . ,

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS 187

3. ON FORMULA

Mos'ala fT i f t iqcr 01-nik& !lo ' I -qabi j l al-garTb, Included in h ~ s Shotiit a/- fawc' id (see above, chapter 5)

IBN FAHD:

Abkcrn 'aqd 01-nik~ib MS: Majlis 275015 (ca t . , IX, p . 126)

Ai-Nabdha a / - ' u q i j d ~ y y o f l ' I -z iyagh a / - n i k cb~yyo MS: Mallis 540516 (ca t . , XVI, p.311)

M U ~ A M M A D " A L ~ AL-ASTARABADT (late 11th century) :

- RisiiIo dor siyogh-i 'oqd- i nik i i l , , Persian MS: DZnishgZh 3514124 (ca t . , XII, p . 2528)

- Siyagh-i n ikcb, Persian MS: DanishgZh 3514125 (ca t . , XII, p.2528)

A L - M A J L I S ~ 11:

Niki; i?iyyo = Siyogh-i nik* , Persian MSS: Milli 126112 Arabic (ca t . , IX, p.249); DinishgZh 406417 ( c a t . , XIII, pp.3047-8); Mar'ashi 18717 , 60213, 168312 (ca t . , I , p.207, 11, p.196, V, p.78); Waziri 131813 (ca t . , 111, p.927); Faydiyya 91311 ( c a t . , 111, p.37); Gulpxyigini 104611, 141612 (ca t . , 11, pp.224, 258); Raaawi 5714 (Binish, p.907)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to late 11th century) :

Risiilo f7 $iyagh 'aqd 01-nik@ MS: Majlis 8311 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, pp.183-4)

MUUAMMAD B ~ Q I R B. ISMA'TL AL-UUSAYNI A L - K H W A T O N A B A D ~ ( d . 1127):

Siyagh-i N ikFb, Persian MS: Faydiyya 2020 (ca t . , 11, p.80)

MUUAMMAD B. MUUAMMAD Z A M ~ N AL-KASHANI:

Al-Hoqq 01-$uriib f7 me 15 budd minh f7 TjCb 01-nikiib = ol-Qawl 01-sagd MSS: Mar'ashi 1675 (ca t . , V, p.71); Majlis 196613 (ca t . , IX, p.678); Niirbakhsh 10815 (ca t . , I , p.131)

- Siyogh a/-nikcb MSS: Majlis 196611 (ca t . , IX, pp.674-6); Nurbakhsh 10816 ( ca t . , I p . 132)

Siyagh a/-nikch MS: Majlis 532511 (ca t . , XVI, p.236)

MUUAMMAD JA'FAR AL-ASTARAB.%DT:

Siyogh a/ -n ikcb MSS: DZinishg5h 406414 (ca t . , XIII, p.3047); Rlar'ashi 154111 ( ca t . ,

188 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

IV, p . 343); JJujjatiyya 70318 ( c a t . , p . 122); GulpZyigZni 141611 (ca t . ,

11, p . 258); Milli 1 6 2 2 Arabic ( ca t . , X, p . 175)

4 . ON LEGAL GUARDIANS

LUTF ALLAH AL-MAY ST : ~ l - w ~ t h i i ' i ~ wo ' I - ' iq i i l = RisZilo f7 foskh ol-zawjo ol-saghTro n ik i ib 01-war lahe b a ' d k ibar ih i i MS: Amir al-Mu'minin (AB, XXV, p.26)

'ALf N A Q ~ A L - K A M A R A ' ~ :

Risiilo fi wilZyot ai-ob wo ' I - [odd f i '1-nikiib MS: Majlis 33314 ( c a t . , X, p.1129)

AL-FAYO :

Risiilo f i 'I-wilciya 'a lo ' I -b i k r f i 'I-tozwTi MSS: Majlis 3818111 (ca t . , X, p . 1844); Mar'ashi 140119 (ca t . , IV pp . 176-7)

MUJJAMMAD JA'FAR B . 'ABD ALLAH AL-BUWAY Zf :

Risiilo f i ' I -wo$iyyo b i ' I -n ikcb MS: AdabiyyZt 27513 KirmZn (ca t . , p.42)

KIlALAF B. 'ABD A L - ' A L ~ A L - B A B R ~ N ~ :

RisZilo fi wilZyot ol-mii$F i loyh b i 'l-tozwTj f i ' I -n ik i ib MS: Mar'ashi 345019 (ca t . , IX, p . 245)

AL-SI IAR~F AL-!JUSAYN~ (12th century):

Fi i ' ido f i wil i iyot ol-ob wo ' I - jodd 'o lo ' I -b i ik i ra MS: DZnishgZh 559012 (ca t . , XVI, p.41)

MUJJAMMAD MAHDf AL-BUSAYNT AL-MASHHADT:

Risiilo f7 wil i iyot al-ab f i ' I -n ikZb MS: Majlis 180416 (ca t . , IX, p.321)

'ALT B . M U ~ A M M A D BUSAYN AL-SHAHRASTANT:

RisZilo f i ' I-wil i iya 'o lo ' I -b i k r Edition: Tehran, 1320

5. ON LEGAL OBSTACLES

A L - K A R A K ~ :

Shur i i f 01-nikiib MS: Mar'ashi 68014 (ca t . , 11, p.273)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to 10th century):

Risiilo f i ' I -wofy b i ' I-shubho MS: DZnishgZh 696311 (ca t . , XVI, p.412)

A L - K H W A J O ' ~ : Risiilo f7 'odam jowcz tozwTj ol-mu'mino b i ' I -mukh3 i f MS: Mar'ashi 114213 (ca t . , 111, p.316)

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS

$?.BIB AL-BADA'IQ: - Risiilo f7 burmat 01-umm b i ' I k ' oqd 'o lo ' I -b in t

MS: Tustariyya (ca t . , VI, p.395)

- Al-Sawiirim a/-qiisimo l i -zuh i i r ol-jZmi'Tn bayn bintoyn min wuld Fiifima MSS: Mar'ashi 345018 (cat . , IX, p.244); Niirbakhsh 43712 (ca t . , 11, pp. 132-3)

AL-BIHBAHAN? : - RisZlo fi jowcz ol-jam' boyn FZ;timiyyotoyn

MSS: Radawi 8218 (ca t . , V , p.431); RawdZti (AB, XX, p.72)

- Risclo f7 but l i in 01-'oqd 'o lo 'I-saghTro l i -o i l 01-mabramiyya MSS: DinishgZh 5418111 (ca t . , XVI, p . 5); GulpZyigZni 1870.9 (ca t . , 111, p.91); Zanjini 7612 (ca t . , p.222)

BUSAYN A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ : - Ghiiyot o l - ikh t iy i i r f7 obkZm m u n ~ k o b o t a l -kuf fc r

MS: Majlis 3781 (ca t . , X, p.1768) - RisZIa f7 bukm n ikeb a/-soghTra l i -ghorod mobromiyyot ummihc

MSS: Raaawi 259518 (ca t . , 11, p . 118); Zanjzni 7618 (ca t . , pp.220-1)

AL-KIRMANSHAH~ :

Man' ol-man' min ol-jam' boyn Fi i t imiyyatoyn, in refutation of SZQib a1-BadZ'iq's above-~entioned treatise MSS: IIZhiyyZt 9812 A1 AqZ, 82812d ( ca t . , I , p.714, 11, p.22)

AL-QUMMi : - Risiila f i ' I-aqd 'o lo 'I-7aghTro li,mujarrod 01-mabromiyyo, included

in his al-Rasc'i l (see above, chapter 5) - Risiila f7 do'w5 ol-mar ' a khuluwwohi i ' on ol-mZni'

MSS: Gharb 646122 ( ca t . , p.257); Majlis 4298 (ca t . , XI, p.313); BurEjirdi (AB, XI, p.184)

' A L ~ B . MUBAMMAD (early 13th century) :

QZifi'ot ol-miri i ' t7 tobqTq mujorrod 01-iddisc' MS: Mar'ashi 3133 (cat . , VIII, p.362)

AL-SHAFT1 : - Risiilo f7 jowiiz 01-ittikijl 'o l i i qowl ol-nisii ' f7 i n t i F ' mawiini' ol-nikEb - Risiilo f7 burmat 'umm ol-mowfii' wo b in t ih wa u k h t i h 'o lo ' I -wi i f i '

Both included in his Su '3 wo jowcb (see above, chapter 5)

'ABD ALLAH A L - K I R M ~ ~ N S H ~ ~ H ~ :

Mas'olo f7 imro'o i ' toaadot onna zawiahiitolloaahZfo-tozowwoiat thumma taboyyn 'odom 01-foliib MS: IIZhiyyZt 81913d ( ca t . , 11, p.20)

Al-TohrTm bi ' I-musiihoro, a s a commentarv on the relevant discussion in al-'All~ma's i r s h k d 01-odhhiin Editions: Tehran, 1305, 1326, Tabriz, 1375 (all together with his

190 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

MS: Faydiyya 99311 ( c a t . , 111, p.47)

'ABD A L - R A S ~ L A L - F ~ R ~ ~ Z K ~ H ~ :

Risi i la T b u k r n ' o q d 01-inqifZ' ' o l o ' I-gaghTr ow 01-2aghTro l i ' I -mobromiyy Edition: Tehran , 1321

RABAT ~ I U S A Y N AL-GOPXLPORT:

A/-Wol7za a/-'6gimo min shubho t bu rma t 01-jam' bayn t h i n t o y n min wu ld FCtimo Edition: Locknow, 1372

AIJMAD A L - Z A N J A N ~ : MuborromCt-i o b o d i y y o , Persian Edition: Qum, n . d .

6. ON FOSTER RELATIONSHlP

AL-KARAKI :

RisClo f i '/-rip'; ' Edition: Tehran , 1313 (in the collection of 01-Rip'z' iyyct wo ' I - k h a r F j i y y a t ) Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 68017, 277312 ( c a t . , 11, p.274, VII, p.332); Majlis 4566113 ( c a t . , XII, p.264); Tustar iyya ( A B , XI, p.192); Sipahs i l i r 2533110 ( c a t . , V, p.54); Princeton 1399 New Series

AL-QATiFf :

Risi i lo f i ' / - r ip ' ; ' , in refutation of al-Karaki's above-mentioned t reat ise Edition: Tehran , 1313 ( in the above-mentioned collection) MSS: Dinishgih 704318 (ca t . , XVI, p. 437) ; Radawi 7622 (Bin i sh , p. 826)

ANONYMOUS (writ ten in 931-74):

RisClo f i ' / -r ip' ; ' MS: S in i 28212 ( c a t . , 1 , p.141)

IJUSAYN 5. 'ABD AL-$AMAD:

RisZila f i '/-rip'? MSS: IJakTm, 2226 (AB, XX, pp.6-7); Majlis 516812, 613 TabZtabi'T ( c a t . , XV, p.305); Faydiyya 143012 ( c a t . , 111, p.91)

MXJID AL-SHAYBXNT: RisZila f i ' I -r ip'F' = I thbCt 01-burma nosobon wa r ip 'c 'an MSS: DinishgZh 210514, 704317 ( c a t . , VIII, p.740, XVI, p.437)

Qo wi ib i l 01-rip';' Edition: Tehran. 1313 ( in the above-mentioned C ~ l l e c t i ~ n ) ~~ ~~

Selected MSS: Ridawi 2788 ( c a t . , V , p.467); Mashhad, l lZhiyyi t 219 ( c a t . , I , p.130); Majlis 2724, 4900119 ( c a t . , IX, pp.53-4, XIV, p.61); Dinishg ih 681711 ( c a t . , XVI, p. 368); Mashhad, Adabiyyit 5912 Favvid ( c a t . . D . 193) " - . Translation: ~ e r s i a i by ~ u l t i n Busayn al-WZ'iv al-AstarZbZdi ( d . a f t e r 1078), MS: DZnishgZh 5372 ( c a t . , XV, pp.4223-4)

A/-Rip 'CCiyyo = 01-Rodd ' o lZ mZi u ' t u r i p ' b i h 'a15 QowZibit 01-rip';' MS: Baku MI40133 ( N o s h . , IX, p.241)

MONOGRAPHS ON CONTRACTS 191

A L - M A J L I S ~ I :

Rip'ZiCiyyo, Persian MSS: Din i shg ih 944110 ( c a t . , V, pp.1901-2); Majlis 4903117, 516813 ( c a t . , XIV, p.125, XV, pp.305-6); Radawi 6703 ( c a t . , V, p.445); Malik 1752 ( c a t . , 11, p.411); Waziri 99014 ( c a t . , 11, p.809); Faydiyya 34613 ( c a t . , 111, p.9); Gulp iy ig in i 68613, 104612 ( c a t . , 11, pp.203, 224); Mar'ashi 7014, 371913, 303414 ( c a t . , I , p.84, VIII,p.2225, X, p.119); Milli 159813 Arabic ( c a t . , X, p.129)

MUBAMMAD FAQIL B . MUIJAMMAD MANDf AL-MASHHADT ( d . af ter 1086):

Mas 'o la f ! ' l-r!Q';' MS: Radawi 278312 ( c a t . , V, p.456)

BUSAM AL-DfN B. JAMXL AL-DiN A L - T U R A Y ~ ~ A L - N A J A F ~ ( d . a f t e r 1094): '

A l -Tobz i ro a / - j a l i y yo f i ' I -mos6' i l 01-muhimmo 01-rip'?itiyyo MSS: Milli 159812 Arabic (ca t . , X , p. 129); IJakim (see also AB, 111, p.317)

Rip 'c ' i yyo , Persian Edition: Tehran , 1313 ( in t h e above-mentioned collection) MSS: Los Angeles M58712 ( c a t . , p.682); Masjid-i A'zam 3147

MUIJAMMAD HADf B. MUIJAMMAD ~ H L I B A L - M A Z A N D A R A N ~ : Risi i la f7 mo ' r i f o t obkZim 01-rip'Z' MSS: Mar'ashi 1409114, 371912 ( c a t . , IV, p. 190, X, p.119); Nawwib 27111 l aw ( c a t . , p.473)

ABU 'L-IJASAN B. MUBAMMAD TXHIR A L - S H A R ~ F A L - F U T ~ N ~ A L - ' A M I L ~ ( d . 1138):

RisZiio f i ' I - r i d 7 MSS: DZr al-Kutub 3326j ( c a t . , I , p.356); DinishgZh 7135 ( c a t . , XVI, p.463); Mar'ashi 371911 ( c a t . , X, p.118)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to mid-12th c e n t u r y ) :

MosZ'i l 01-rip'? MS: Waziri 181912 ( c a t . , 111, p.1064)

MUVAMMAD B. 'ABD A L - K A R ~ M AL-TABATABA'? A L - B U R ~ J I R D ~ ( d . before 1168):

Risi i lo j7 rno ' r i fo t obhi im a/-rip':' MSS: Din i shg ih 110212, 1257137 ( c a t . , V , p.1902, VII, p.2677)

'ABD AL-NABT B. ABMAD AL-BAJJRAN~ ( d . a f t e r 1150):

Risl i la f i 'I-rip';' MS: Burii j irdi (AB, XI, p.192)

A/-R iQ 'Z ' i yyo MSS: Masjid-i A'zam 3148; Mashhad, Adabiyyit 2513 Fayyid ( c a t . , p.211)

192 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

~ A W I B AL-BADA'IQ :

Koshf al-qin;', in refutation of al-Dimid's l)awZbic 01-rip';' MSS: Dinishgih 89111 ( c a t . , V , p . 1988): Majlis 5434122 ( c a t . , XVI, p.339); Los Angeles MI0612 ( c a t . , p.664)

AL-QUMMT Risiila f7 ip'rii' 01-ukht ukhtohZ a/-gughrZ, included in h i s Jowiirni' 01-rosii'il (see above, chapter 5)

MUBAMMAD ' A L ~ A L - H A Z A R J A R ~ Bf :

Al-Rip'Z'iyyo MS: Malik 2137 ( c a t . , I , p.337)

$ADR AL-D? N MUUAMMAD B. $ ~ L I I ~ AL-'AMILT AL-I$FAI-ILN~ ( d . 1263):

Sharb 01-Urjiizo 01-rip'ZSiyyo MSS: FaycJiyya 1105 (Cat . , I , p.135); Majlis 545912, 642 T a b i t a b i ' i ( c a t . , XVI, p .364) ; Mar'ashi 3724 ( c a t . , X, p.122)

Riscilo d a r rip'ii' , Persian MS: Rurll j irdi (AB, XI, p.190)

RisZIo fi 'I-rip'?' Edition: Tabr ia . 1375 ( toze the r with his a/-Makcsib) MS: FaycJiyya 99311 (cat. , I I I , p .47)

RisCla fi 'I-rip'Z' MS: Gawharshid 38 ( c a t . , p . 361)

ZAYN A L - ' ~ B I D ~ N B . MUBAMMAD 'ALT AL-SABZAWAR~ A L - I ~ F A H A N ~ ( d . af ter 1312):

- Durrat 01-durroyn MS: Mar'ashi 240412 ( c a t . , VII, p .6 )

- Tubfat a/-olbiin MS: GulpZyigini 1627 ( c a t . , 11, p.155)

Risiila fi 'I-rip'ZC MSS: Majlis 271412 ( c a t . , IX, p p . 19-20); Tustar iyya 34412 ( c a t . p p . 853-4)

AL BAIjR A L - ' U L ~ M :

Risiilo fi 'I-rip'ii' , included in his Bulghot 01-faqTh (see above, chap te r 5)

AL-KHURASANT: Risiila fi 'I-rip'Z' Edition: Baghdad, 1331 (in his ShodhorZt) Commentary: b y Mahdi 81-Khiligi, edited Baghdad, 1331 ( in h i s 01-DarZrT al-IEmi'iit)

MONOGRAPIIS ON CONTRACTS

MUWAMMAD HASHIM A L - K H U R ~ S ; \ N ~ :

RisZlo-yi rip'Z'iyyo, Persian Edition: Mashhad, 1340; T e h r a n , 1352

'ABD AL-HADi B . ISMA'TL AL-vUSAYNf A L - S H T R A Z ~ : Al-Rig';' , his lectures compiled by Mubarnmad Taqi al-Tabrizi Edition: Najaf, 1372

AUMAD AL-ZANJAN~:

Rip'z'iyyo, Persian Edition: Qum, 1368

ANONYMOUS:

Ris3o d a r rig';', Persian MS: Gawharshid 118711 ( c a t . , p . 123)

7. ON TEMPORARY MARRIAGE

AL-MUFTD: Al-Miijoz fi '!-miit'o MSS: RaJawi 242'1 ( c a t . , 11, 11.6'1); Vatican 72012 Arabic ( c a t . , I

kbridgement: by al-Karaki ( d . 9401, MS: DinishgZh 288814 ( c a t . , X , p.1733)

AL-MURTAQL :

Mos'alo fi nikiib a/-mut 'a, included in his S h o t 2 01-fowii'id (see above, chapter 5)

FZ'ida fi 'I-mut'o MSS: D i n i s h z i h 2144 ( c a t . , IX, 11.806); Leiden 96713 Warn. ( c a t . . IV, p.117)

AL-KHwAJU'T:

RisCla fT jaw& barn1 01-zawjo a/-munqofi'o min bolad ilii iikhir MS: Mashhad, Adabiyyit 2515 F a y y i a ( c a t . , pp.211-12)

A L - K M U R ~ S A N T :

Mos'alo fi 'I-ikhliil bi-dhikr a/-ojal fi "I-mul'o Edition: Tehran , 1318 ( together with his Durar ol-fawii'id)

8 . ON NUPTIAL GIFT

AL-MUFTD:

RisZlo fi 'I-mahr MS: Tustar iyya 7812 ( c a t . , p.831)

BAHA' AL-DfN AL-'T\MILT:

Risiilo f7 jowiir man' 01-zowjo nafsohz 'an 01-zowj ba t to taqbig' a/-mahr MSS: Majlis 1805155, 4900151 ( c a t . , IX, pp.357-8, XIV, pp.75-6); Diinishgih 91815 ( c a t . , V, p.1784); Gulp iy ig in i 16 ( c a t . , I , p.136)

194 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHfCf LAW

Risi i lo f7 tomol luk a / -mohr ajmo' b i - rnu ja r rad 01-'oqd MS: Princeton 22919 Yahuda ( c a t . , p . 138)

AHMAD 8. I B R ~ H ~ M B. ' i S k B. DARWTSH AL-BAJJRiiNf ( d . af ter 1171):

Risi i la f7 i s t i bq i i q 01-rnahr i dh i i mii t ahad a / -zawjoyn qab l a / - d u k h i l MS: Princeton 22918 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.138)

AL-QUMMT :

R ~ s i i l o f7 mas ' o l a t 01-shii-bahii, included in his ol-RosZi'i l and his Jawiimi' 01-ros i i ' i l (see above, chapter 5)

'ABD ALLAH AL-MAMAQANT : GhZiyot a / - s u ' i l f7 i n t i ~ i i f oolmahr b i ' I -mawt qob l 0 1 - d u k h i l Edition: Najaf, 1344 (in h i s a / - l t h n i i ' a s h o r i y y o )

MUUSIN AL-AMTN A L - ' A M I L ~ :

Q i y i i ' a / - ' u q i i l f7 b u k m 01-mahr o d h i i mot obod o i -zawjayn qab i o l - d u k h i i l Edition: Sidon, 1332

9. ON CHILDREN

U U S A Y N A L - Q A Z W T N ~ :

Risi i la f7 b u k m mowt 01-wolad f7 b o f n u m ~ n i h wo bay i i t i h ma' mawt 01-umm MSS: RarJawi 259517 ( c a t . , 11, p .118) ; Zanjini 7617 ( c a t . , pp.220-1)

10. ON MAINTENANCE

M u ~ h i r 01-rnukhtiir f7 bukrn 01-nikL7b ma' 01-i 's i i r MSS: Mailis 532512 ( c a t . , XVI, p.2347); IlXhivvit 9813 A1 La%. 82813d ( c a t . , I ; p.114, 11, p .23) ; zan j in ( c a t . , p . i43)

Mas ' a l o f7 nafaqat a/ -zawja a/-mufg'ayo MS: I l ih iyy i t 81914d ( c a t . , 11, p .20)

MUWAMMAD B . 'LSHOR AL-KIRMANSHAHT :

Risz ia f7 nofoqat a/ -zawja MS: Mar'ashi 257513 ( c a t . , VII, p . 164)

MUWAMMAD BAQIR B. MUJJAMMAD JJASAN A L - B ~ R J A N D ' ~ ( d . 1352):

Risi i lo f7 i ' s i i r aalzowj MS: Mar'ashi 341011 ( c a t . , IX, p.193)

ON UNILATERAL OBLIGATIONS

DIVORCE

AL-MURTAQA: Mas'aia f i 'I-talL7q aoithalZith b i - la fz w i i b i d , included in his Shotc t a / - fowo ' id (see above, chapter 5)

AL-KARAKT :

Risi i ia f7 ta icq a o l y h o ' i b MS: Sipahsi l i r 2919121 (ca t . , V , p ,306); Shiraz . ~ i n i s h g i h

AL-SHAI-ITD AL-THANT : Risi i lo f7 ta i i iq aolbo' ig' wo ' I - y h i i ' i b , included in his Mojmi i 'o t 01- i f i id i i t (see above, chapter 5)

'ABD ALLAH AL-TUSTART:

Risi i la f i ' I - to /@ o l - r a j C T , included in his a/ -Ros i i ' i l (see above, chapter 5)

ABMAD A L - B A I ~ R ~ N ~ ( d . 1131):

Risi i io fT onno ' I-yalqo wo ' I - t a l qo tayn ha1 t a b q o b i ' I - tablTI ow ton ' ad im MS: Princeton 229118 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.139)

AL-KHWAJO '1 : - FZi'ida f7 talZiq 01-war

MS: Princeton 1317 New Series (fols. 45b-46a)

- A l -Fa rq b a y n 01-taliiq 01-raj'T wa ' I - b i i ' i n MS: Mar'ashi 311212 ( c a t . , VIII, p.337)

A L - Q U M M ~ : - Risi i la f7 i n f i r i i d o i - f o l t q bi-' iwag' 'on a / - k h u l ' , included in his

a/ -Ras i i ' i l a n d JawFmi' a i - r aso ' i l (see above, chap te r 5 ) .

- u u k m a / - ta l i i q b i -da 'w; a / -w ik i i l a ' a n a i -zawj ma' i n k i i r i h MS: Mar'ashi 125919 ( c a t . , IV, p .63) ; Zanjin ( c a t . , p.142)

- Risi i la f7 d a ' w i i a/-taiL7q ma' i n k i i r 01-zawja, included in his a/-Rasi i ' i l (see above, chapter 5)

- Risi i lo f7 i q r i i r 01-rajul b i - la /@ zowjat ih M : Mar'ashi 125918 ( c a t . , IV, p .62)

ANONYMOUS (mid-13th c e n t u r y ) :

RisEiio ti b u k m ta i i iq muddaCT 01-wikao ' a n 01-zawj ma' i nk i i r a l -zawj , a s a commentary on al-Qumrni's second t reat ise above MS: Faygiyya 137311 ( c a t . , 111, p .87)

196 AN INTRODUCTION TO S H T ' ~ LAW

SAHIB AL-MAQLBIS:

Moblogh 01-nozor wa notTjot a / - f i k o r = Risi i lo f7 i q r o r a/ -zowj bi-yoir7q zawjot ih MSS: Dinishgih 182712 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 4 2 4 ) ; Princeton 373711 New Series; Faydiyya 1713 ( c a t . , 111, p . 1 ) ; Buriijirdi (AB, XIX, p .57 )

IBN TAWQ AL-BAIJRA1i'i:

Mos'o io f7 joi?iq 01-bz' iq' , MS: Mar'ushi 2538115 ( c a t . , VI, p.339)

AL-SHAFTT :

- Risi i la f7 lo1i;q muddo 'T 01-wikii io ' a n 01-zowj ma' i n k o r 01-zowj MS: Fayaiyya 108915 ( c a t . , 111, p .54 )

- Risl j la /7 b u k m ~ u / b baqq 01 - ru j i ' f i '1-tolCq 01-roj'T MS: Mar'ashi 339311 ( c a t . , IX, p.179)

MUUAMMAD S I ~ A F ' ~ ' B. 'ABD AL-MAJ~D A L - M ~ Z A N D A R ~ N ~ :

RisZlo f7 $ u i b boqq a / - r u j i i ' f i ' I -JalCq MS: Mar'ashi 179812 ( c a t . , V, p . 1 8 4 )

MUUAMIMAD T A Q ~ AL-EIARAWi: - RisZia f7 ta1i;q a i - row jo bik' iwoq' m i n h a

MS: Diinishgih 371311 ( c a t . , XII, p . 2712) - UZsh iyo 'a i i ; RisCirit ro1i;q oai rowjo b i - ' iwoq' m i n h z , a commentary on

al-Qummils f i r s t treatise above MS: Dinishgiih 371312 ( c a t . , XII, p .2713 )

'ABD AL-UUSAYN B . ' A L ~ AL-TIHRANT, SHAYKH A L - ' I R ~ Q A Y N ( d . 1286 ) :

Mos'o la f7 tawkT1 01-zowja f i ' I -&~ l i i q q'imn ' o q d 1i;rim MS: Dinishgiih 77011 ( c a t . , V , p.1798)

AL-KHURASANT:

MaqClo f i "ito1i;q Edition: Baghdad, 1331 ( in his S h o d h a r o t )

MUHAMMAD BAQIR AL-DfRJANDf :

RisFio f i ' I - r u j i i ' f i 'I-Ta1i;q MS: Mar'ashi 341012 ( c a t . , IX, p . 194)

EXPIATION

A L - M A J L I S ~ 11:

RisClo d o r ko f tErCt , Persian MSS: Mar'ashi 18714, 168313 ( c a t . , I , p.206, V, p . 7 8 ) ; Gulpiyigani 122315 ( c a t . , 11, p.236)

MONOGRAPHS ON UNILATERAL OBLIGATIONS 197

MANUMISSION

Adob- i s a n i y y a , Persian MS: Rawdit i ( c a t . , I , pp .72 f f )

MUJJAMMAD ASHRAF B. 'ABD AL-JJASTB A L - ~ U S A Y N ~ :

RisZila d a r tadbTr- I ' a b d , Persian MS: Diinishgiih 589414 ( c a t . , XVI, p .136 )

AL-QUMMi :

RisZla f7 mZl ik iyya t a l ' o b d , included in his ol-Ras5'1 l (see above, chapter 5 )

Ircihot a / - s h u k i k fT tamal luk a/-mamli ik MS: Mar'ashi 3401 ( c a t . , IX, p.185)

MUIJAMMAD ' A L ~ AL-SHAFTi:

Risi i lo f7 i t l 5 f a l ' o b d m51 01-mow15 wo j in5yo t ih ' a l oyh MS: Mar'ashi 199511 ( c a t . , V , p.366)

CONFESSION

IJUSAYN B . 'ABD AL-SAMAD :

Risi i la f i ' I - i a r z r , a s a commentary on the relevant chapter of al- ' A l l i i m ~ ' ~ ~ o h ? i ' i d 01-abki;m MSS: Diinishgih 91816 ( c a t . , V , pp.1865-6) ; Majlis 4900149 (ca t . XIV, p . 7 4 )

AL-QUMMT :

RisZila f7 i q r c a / - r a j u l b i - f a l ~ i q zowjot ih (see above, monographs on divorce)

~ A J ~ I B AL-MAQABIS: Moblagh 01-nocar (see above, monographs on divorce)

A L - A N $ ~ R ~ :

RisZia f7 q c ' i d a t man maiok shoy ' o n molak 01- iqr i i r b i b Editions: Tabr iz , 1303 ( together with his K . 01-TahZro) , 1375 ( together with his a/ -Mok i i s ib ) Commentary: by 'Abd Alliih al-Miimaqiini , edited Najaf, 1345 ( in his a/-QalF ' id 01-tham7na)

ABD A L L ~ H A L - M A M A Q ~ N ~ :

Risi i la f7 i q r Z r ba'p' 01-worotha b i - dayn wa i n k o r oo lb i i q i Edition: Najaf, 1344 ( in his 01 - I t hnZ 'asha r i yyo )

198 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

OATHS AND VOWS

1. GENERAL

ANONYMOUS (belonging to lo th cen tu ry) :

Abkzm-i yamTn wa nadhr wo ' ohd , Persian MS: Mar'ashi 304816 ( c a t . , VIII, p.267)

AL-MAJLIST 11:

RisZilo dor nadhr , Persian MS: Gawharehid 1169 ( c a t . , p . 192)

RAP? AL-DTN B . MUBAMMAD NAB1 AL-QAZWiNi:

Risiila f i 'I-nodhr MS: ZanjXn (ca t . , p ,130)

JAMXL A L - D ~ N AL-KHCVXNSARY:

RisZila f i 'I-nodhr MS: Majlis 8412 Khu ' i ( c a t . , VII, p.388)

2. SPECIFIC

'ABD ALLAH AL-TUSTART:

Risiila j7 anno 'I-nodhr hol yota'allaq b i 'I-mubcb, included in his 01-Rasz'il (see above, chapter 5)

MUIJAMMAD RIQA A L - M H Z A N D A R X N ~ (ear ly 12th cen tu ry) :

Risiila dar nodhr-i mu'alloq bi-baed or marg, Persian MS: Mar'ashi 331212 ( c a t . , IX, p .93)

AL-MUKHTAR~ : - 'Umdat 01-nz~ir f7 'uqdot 01-nzdhir - Riscila j7 bullFn 01-nadhr 01-

mu'alloq bi-mi7 mo'd 01-mowt MS: Dinishgsh 4002 ( c a t . , XII, p.2991)

- Inzrat 01-yurGs, a commentary on a sentence of t h e chap te r on vow of al-Shahid al-Awwal's a/-DurCs 01-shar'iyyo MS: Mar'ashi 338213 ( c a t . , IX, pp.159-60)

AL-SARAB : Risiila dar nadhr-i ta$adduq, Persian MS: DZnishgSh 209119 ( c a t . , VIII, p . 716)

E

ON 'RULES'

HUNTING AND SLAUGHTERING

1. GENERAL

FJUSAYN B. ROFJ ALLAH A L - F J U S A Y N ~ AL-TABASi (late 10th cen tu ry) :

Shikiiynzmo = Sayd wo dhobzba, Persian MS: Asafiyya 155 S h i ' i law ( c a t , , 11, p p ,254-5); Wlalik 1644 (AB, XV, p.105)

AL-SHTRWAN?; Risiilo dor $oyd wa dhabzba, Persian MS: FayrJiyya 166515 ( c a t . , 111, p.113); Igfahin , Adabiyyst (Nosh., V, p.304)

MUWAMMAD B. MUBAMMAD RIPA AL-QUMMT (late 11th c e n t u r y ) :

K . 01-Sayd wa ' I-dhabz' ib MS: Masjid-i A'qam 3134

' A L ~ B . BUSAYN A L - K A R B A L ~ ' ~ :

Abkzm-i soyd wa dhobz' ib, Persian MS: Mar'ashi (AB, XV, p.106)

'ABD AL-KARiM B. MUIJAMMAD HBDT AL-TABASi (ear ly 12th c e n t u r y ) :

Tabsirat 01-ShT'a j7 abkzm a/-dhob7b0, Persian MS: Tiflis 44012 (Nash., VIII, p.221)

MUIJAMMAD TAQT AL-NURf:

RisEila f i "I-$ayd wa 'I-dhabzbo, Persian MS: IJujjatiyya 612 ( c a t . , p.25)

'ALI AL-QLRPCIZABAD~ : K. 01-Sayd wa 'I-dhabz'ih, Persian Edition: Tehran , 1288

2. SPECIFIC

AL-MUFTD:

Riszla IT tabrTm dhabc'ib Ah1 a/-Kitzb MSS: S ipahs i l i r 253317 ( c a t . , IV, p . 546); Din i shg ih 6914121 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 398) : Berlin 10276lfols. 43b-47 (Sezgin, I , p . 550); Mar'ashi 369411 ( c a t . , X , p.92)

MUWAMMAD B. ~ A R I T H A L - M A N $ ~ R ~ A L - B A I J R ~ ~ N ~ ( d . a f t e r 952):

Mas'ala j7 isht irzt ist iqrzr a/-boyzt f i 'I-dhabTbo MS: Majlis 276117 ( c a t . , IX, p . 159)

A L - A R D A B ~ L ? :

Mas'alo f i ' I-dhibb = Riszla f7 k iEyat basmolat a/-dhzbib 01-junub wa

200 A N INTRODUCTION TO s ~ i ' i LAW MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES'

i n qogod qirci 'ot i bdc 01-suwar o l ' o z c ' i m AL-KHwAJU' I : MS: T a b r i z , Q a d i (Nosh . , V I I , p . 5 2 2 )

RisClo ji jowiiz 01-todiiwT b i ' I -khomr

AL-MUJTAHID: MS: M a r ' a s h i 114214 ( c a t . , 111, p . 3 1 6 )

R isiilo f7 bukm dhobc' ib A hl 01-Kltiib A L - Q U M M ~ : MS: Majlis 398817 ( C a t . , X , p . 2 1 6 5 )

RisClo f7 bukm ol-anfibo al-mo'khcdha min 01-moyto, i n c l u d e d i n h i s BAHA' AL-DTN A L - ' A M I L ~ : Jowlirni' 01-rosii' i l ( s e e a b o v e , c h a p t e r 5)

Risiilo j7 dhabc ' ib Ah1 a/ -K i tcb E d i t i o n : T e h r a n , 1315 ( i n t h e co l l ec t ion of KalirnZt 01-mubaqqiqTn)

'ABD ALLAH A L - K I R M A N S H ~ H ~ :

S e l e c t e d MSS: GulpZyigXni 14616, 24513, 24313 ( c a t . , I , p p . 1 3 6 , 228, Risiilo ji bukm 01-safarjol 01-mughlc f i " I C o ~ T r o l ' i n o b T qobl dhihCb

229) ; DZnishgZh 94418, 311915, 444811, 587315 ( c a t . , V , pp .1879-80 , 01-thul i~thayn X I , p . 2073, X I I I , p . 3 4 0 6 , X V I , p . 1 1 7 ) ; ~ a r ' a s h i 100316, 366712 MS: IlZhiyyZt 81911d ( c a t . , 11, p . 1 9 )

( c a t . , 111, p . 1 9 5 , X , p . 5 9 ) ; Milli 1391 A r a b i c ( c a t . , I X , p . 4 0 1 ) ; P r i n c e t o n 15114 New S e r i e s ; B a k u M140.25 ( N o s h . , I X , p . 2 4 0 ) 3 . ON TOBACCO

MUJjAMMAD TAQT B . BUSAYN AL-NAQAWI A L - N A S ~ R A B A D ~ ( d . 1289) : AL-BURR AL- MIL^ :

Risclo fT dhobz ' ib Ah1 01-Kitzb, P e r s i a n RisCla fT burmot shurb 01-tutun wa ' I -qahwo, i n c l u d e d i n h i s ol-FawC'id

E d i t i o n : Locknow ( A B , X X , p . 3 8 7 ) 01-TGsiyya ( e d i t e d Q u m , 1404) MSS: Majlis 18051110, 4 9 0 0 l i 0 9 ( c a t . , I X , pp .383-4 , X I V , p p . 104-5) ;

BANDA JjUSAYN B . MUUAMMAD AL-NAQAbVi A L - N A ~ ~ R A B A D T ( d . 1295 D i n i s h g Z h 169914 ( c a t . , V I I I , p . 2 5 1 )

Risiilo f7 dhobz ' ib Ah1 a/ -K i tZb, U r d u AL-AKHBARY : Edi t ion : Locknow ( A B , XX, p . 3 8 7 )

Risiila f7 burrnot a/-ghalyon , P e r s i a n ABU ' L - Q ~ S I M A L - R A P A W ~ AL-LAHURT ( e a r l y 1 4 t h c e n t u r y ) : MS: W a z i r i 13517 ( c a t . , I , p . 1 7 6 )

Al-Jowiib b i 'I-gowiib fi burmot d h o b t ' i b Ah1 01-Kitcb ANONYMOUS ( w r i t t e n b e f o r e 1257) : E d i t i o n : L a h o r e , 1316

Risi;lo f7 burmot 01-tonblik MS: M a r ' a s h i 750 .8 ( c a t . , 11, p . 3 5 5 )

FOOD AND DRINK MUVAMMAD B . 'ABD AL-WAHHAB A L - K A Z I M ~ :

1. GENERAL Dur ro t 01-oslcik ti bukm dukhi in 01-tonbiik MS: Uakim 386111

ANONYMOUS ( b e l o n g i n g t o 8 t h - 9 t h c e n t u r i e s ) :

Khulcgot 01-bayen, P e r s i a n 4. ON EPIDEMICS MS: M a r ' a s h i 3008116 ( c a t . , V I I I , p . 1 9 2 )

NI'MAT ALLAH AL-JAZA'IRT: RAPT A L - D ~ N MUUAMMAD B . UUSAYN A L - K H W A N S A R ~ ( e a r l y 1 2 t h Musokkin 01-shujcn f7 bukm 01-firiir min a/-wabo' wa ' I - t o ' i i n

c e n t u r y ) : MSS: D i n i s h g Z h 587 ( c a t . , V , p p . 2 0 4 2 - 3 ) ; S i p a h s i l i r 5551 ( c a t . , V ,

MZ'ida-yi somiiwiyyo, P e r s i a n p . 5 6 6 ) ; Malik 1868 ( c a t . , I , p . 6 7 4 ) ; M a r ' a s h i 3442 ( c a t . , I X , p p . MSS: M a r ' a s h i 204 ( c a t . , I , p . 2 3 4 ) ; Majlis 1048 ( A B , X I X , p . 1 0 ) ; 228-9) T a b r i z , Milli ( i b i d . )

BAIjR A L - ' U L ~ M :

2 . SPECIFIC Risclo iT bukm 01-firZr min 01-lC'iin MS: T e h r a n , Mu471 ( A B , X I , p . 2 0 8 )

AL-SHAYKH

Mas 'a ln fT tobr i in 01-fuqqo' MUUAMMAD J A ' F A R A L - A S T A R A B X D ~ :

MSS: Bodle ian A r a b . f . 64 l fo l s . 92b-97b; T u s t a r i y y a 30018 ( c a t . , Soj inot 01-nojlit f7 bukm 01-firzr rnin 01-wobz' wa ' I - tZ ' i in p . 8 5 0 ) ; Hakim 364; R a w a i t i ( g u j j a t i , p . 6 2 7 ) MS: M a r ' a s h i 243712 ( c a t . , V I I , p . 3 1 )

M ~ ~ J I D AL-SHAYBANT:

RisZlo ji b i l l i yyot 01-'inob wa 'I-zobTb a/-rnulqoyoyn f i ' I - kh i l l l i-kasb 01-bumiiq'o MS: M a r ' a s h i ( A B , X I , p . 1 7 7 )

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

USURPATION

1. GENERAL

A L - A N ~ A R T : K . a / -Gho$b MS: Tustar iyya (AB, XVI, p.57)

MUUAMMAD JA'FAR B. MUBAMMAD BUSAYN AL-TIHRANi (late 13th cen tu ry) :

K . a/ -Gho$b MS: FayrJiyya ( c a t . , 111, p .20)

K . 01-Gho$b MS: Tustar iyya (AB. , XVI, p .56)

Edition: t e h r a n , 1322 MSS: Malik 2398 ( c a t . , I , ~ . 5 2 7 ) ; Majlis 335211 ( c a t . , X , p p . 1175- Tustar iyya (AB, XIII, p . 3i9)

MUJJAMMAD TAQT B. MUJJAMMAD BAQIR AL-MASJIDSHAHT ( d . 1332):

RisZilo f i ' I - g h o j b Edition: Tehran , 1327

2 . SPECIFIC

ANONYMOUS:

RisZila ,T annoh ha / yap'min g h e i b 01-khamr MS: DZnishgih 111812 ( c a t . , V, p p . 1899-900)

PRE-EMPTION

AL-KHwAJU' I : A/ -Fus i i l t i / -khomsa f i ' I - shu f ' a MS: Din i shg ih 79111 ( c a t . , V , p.1961)

RECLAMATION

1. GENERAL

MUUAMMAD SA'TD B. Q ~ S I M A L - J J U S A Y N ~ AL-TABATABA"~ AL-QUHPT\'T ( d . 1092):

RawQ' 01-jinZin MS: Faydiyya 2037 ( c a t . , I , pp.120-1)

MUBSIN AL-KHANFAR:

K . /by:' a / -mowi i t , his lectures compiled b y Abii Tilib al-QZ'inT MS: Mar'ashi 1520 ( c a t . , IV, p.322)

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES'

AL-RASHTT :

K . /by ; ' at-mowZit MS: Tustar iyya 62212 ( c a t . , p.869)

2 . SPECIFIC

MSS: karJawi'2443, 7618 ( c a t . , 11, p.69; Binish, pp.784, 798); DZnishgih 695811 ( c a t . , XVI, p . 411); Sipahsi lar 339212 ( c a t . , 111, p l l ; Majlis 314718 ( c a t . , X , p.725); Mar'ashi 140913 ( c a t . , IV, p.186); Gulp iy ig in i 146 ( c a t . , I , p . 136); FayrJiyya 1290113 ( c a t . , 111, p .75)

KZ i r i z i y yo , Persian MS: GawharshXd 1094 ( c a t . , p . 131)

MUJJAMMAD B ~ Q I R B. ZAYN A L - ' A B I D ~ N AL-KHWANST\R? ( d . 1313):

A l - N o h r i y y o Edition: IgfahZn, 1377 MS: DinishgZh 183612 ( c a t . , VIII, p.431)

FOUND PROPERTY

K . 01-Luqoyo MS: Ma'had 1295 ( c a t . , p . 112)

K . a / - Luqa to , MSS: Majlis 37 TabZtabZ'T; Masjid-i A'cam 11793

INHERITANCE

1. GENERAL

AL-SHAY KH:

~ 1 - f i i ; z f i " I fa rZ i ' i d ~ d i t i o n : ~ a j a f , 13'83 MSS: Milli 194319 Arabic ( c a t . . X , D. 920); Radawi 6039 ( c a t . . V p.372); JJakim 364 ( c a t . , I , p . 79); - ~ustar iyya '300110 ( c a t . , p ,850); Mar'ashi (Uuj ja t i , p . 624); BurCjirdi 21813, 646 ( ib id . )

M U ' ? N A L - D ~ N A L - M I S R ~ :

A/ -Mo 'Cna j'7 rnosZi'i1 01-m>i;th MS: Masjid-i A'zam 308512

ANONYMOUS:

RisZIo f i 'I-mowZir7th MS: Masjid-i A'cam 308514

204 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHf'f LAW

NA$TR AL-DIN AL-TOST - AbE Ja'far Mubarnmad b . Mubarnmad b . Ijasan ( d . 672):

- A/ -Boyy inZ t ,T tabrTr 01-mowlirFth MS: DinishgZh 768914 ( c a t . , XVI, p.672)

- Jowi ih i r 01-baqli ' iq = 01-Farii'ip' 01 -Na~Tr i yya Selected MSS: Mar'ashi 4 9 1 1 , 226412, 345712 ( c a t . , I , pp . 60-1, VI, p.248, IX, p.256); Milli 124712 Arabic, 79512f ( ca t . , 11, p.322, IX, p.232); Raaawi 2749, 5711 ( ca t . , V, p.470); Masjid-i A'cam 308515; Adabiyyit 7014d ( c a t . , p . 191); Dinishgih 768413 ( ca t . , XV p.670) Commentaries: (1) 01-Mas'ola a/-ni; f i 'o l i ' I -mobZbi th 01-jZmi'o l i -aqsa a / - w Z r i t h , by al-Sayyid 'Amid al-Din, edited Tehran, 1315 (in the col lection of KolimZt 01 -mubaqq iq in ) , 1318 (together with al-Khuris ini 's D u r a r 01- fa rZ ' id ) , MSS: Milli 79512f ( ca t . , 11, p.323); Majlis 271917 (ca t . , IX, pp.42-3); Gulpiyigini 239712 ( c a t . , 111, p.245); Mar'ash 236213 (ca t . , VI, p.345); (2) 01-Durra a / - d u r r i y y a , by Fakhr al-Din Ahmad b . Muhammad al-Sabi ' i , MSS: Milli 79515f (ca t . , 11, p.324); Di r a l - ~ u t u b 20039 (ca t . , I , p . 310); ( 3 ) by 'Abd al-vayy al-Ashra al-Jurj ini , MS: Milli 79517f (ca t . , 11, p . 326); ( 4 ) by Abu '1-Was b . Abmad al-Abiwardi (mid-10th century) , MSS: Milli 79518 (ca t . , pp.326-7); Waziri 126413, 124312 (ca t . , 111, pp . 904, 910); Tustari 85719 (ca t . , p.877); Mar'ashi 226413, 9912, 236214, 47815 ( c a t . , I1 pp.83, 117, VI, p.248, 345); Dinishgih 781, 6262, 7176111, 717113 ( c a t . , V, pp.1936-8, XVI, pp.225, 474); Agafiyya 119 S h i ' i law (ca 11, pp.247-8); Sini 225 (ca t . , I , p.105); Mashhad, Adabiyyit 5914 Fayyia ( ca t . , p . 193); Raaawi 6513 ( c a t . , V, p.458); (5 ) Persian, anonymous, MSS: Sin5 22516 (ca t . , I , p . 106); Ilihiyyit 29311 (ca t . , I , p.275); (6) by Bahi ' al-Din al-'Amili, MS: Raaay~i 2359 ( ca t . , 11, pp.45-6); (7) by 'Abd Allih b . Khalil ( d . after 1006), MS: Sini 22518 ( c a t . , I , p.106)

AL-'ALLAMA:

Risl i la f i ' I -mawiirTth MS: Masjid-i A'cam 308517

IBN AL-MUTAWWIJ:

Al-FarZ' iq' MS: Igfahin, Adabiyyit ( N o s h . , V, p . 302)

'ALT B . WASAN A L - K H A T T ~ (early 9th century) :

A I-FarZ' iq' MSS: Mar'ashi 345713, 2005, 236212 ( c a t . , IV, p .8 , VI,-pp.343-4, IX, p.256); Gulpiyigini 199311 (ca t . , 111, p.130); Igfahin, Danishgih 1705811 (ca t . , p . 928)

AL-KARAKI :

S h o r b mabbath 01-mTrZth mln 01-Mukhto$ar 01-nZfi' (see AB, VI, p 193-4) MSS: Dinishgih 164314 (ca t . , VIII, p.220, see also XVI, pp. 369, 62 for MSS 681712, 756412); Majlis 505911 (ca t . , XV, pp.20-1)

A L - S H A H ~ D AL-THANT :

Al-Hi ishiyo '015 k . 01-forc'ip' min a/-Mukhtogor a/-nZfiif i ' MS: Majlis 534011 ( ca t . , XVI, p.251)

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES' 205

ANONYMOUS (written before 924):

RisZla f i 'I-mTrZith MS: Majlis 271916 (ca t . , IX, p.42)

MUJJAMMAD B. AUMAD B. A B ~ TALIB (9th-10th century) :

Al-ForZi'ip' MS: Tehran, Farhid Mu'tamid (ca t . , p . 223)

ANONYMOUS (written before 1039):

RisZlo mukhto$aro f i ' I -mawZrTth MS: Masjid-i A'zam 308513

MowZrTth , P e ~ s i a n MS: Milli 196614f (Cat. , IV, pp.453-4)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to 10th century)

Shorb k . 01-forz'ip' min a/-Muktagor 01-nZfii ' MSS: Majlis 534014 (ca t . , XVI, p . 252); Gawharshid 94011, 180811 (ca t . , p.280); Buriijirdi, 2 MSS (AB, XIII, p.379, XIV, p.97)

RisZIo f i ' I -mowZrTth MSS: Masjid-i A'zam 308516; Radawi 2757 (ca t . , V, p.445); DinishgZh 7684 ( ca t . , XVI, p.670); Sini 22517 (ca t . , I , p.106)

'ALT B. M u J J Y ~ AL-DTN AL-JAMI'T AL-'AMILT ( d . af ter 1008):

RisZla f i ' I -mii-Cth MSS: Adabivvit 24318 Kirmin (ca t . , u .38); Wazi1.i 234412 (ca t . , IV, p.1258); ~ & c i ~ ~ a 148415 ( ca t . , 111, p .94 )

BAHH' AL-DTN AL-'AMILi: - Al-ForZ' lq' a / - b o h Z ' i y y o , the chapter on inheritance of his 01-Hob1

01-matTn (see above, chapter 5) Commentary: by Mubyi al-Din b . 'Abd al-Laiif al-Tami'i (11th century) , MSS: Mar'ashi 111814, 2362110 (ca t . , 111, pp.289-90, VI, p.346)

- Riszlo f i 'I-mawo%Tth MSS: ~ u l ~ i ~ i g i n i 111412 (ca t . , 11, p.227); Ragawiyya 8714 ( c a t . , p .55); Waziri 106013 (ca t . , 111, p.839)

MUIjAMMAD QASIM AL-SAWIJi, KHUDABAKHSH ( d . after 1033):

Tubafa-y i RofT'T, Persian Selected MSS: Dinishgih 5822 (ca t . , XVI, pp. 98-9) ; Milli 93912f (ca t . , 11, p.479); Majlis 7455, 9396; Faydiyya 935 ( c a t . , 11, p.11); Gulpiyigini 95 (ca t . , I , p . 95); Mar'ashi 99, 3100 (ca t . , I , p . 117, VIII, p . 323); Masjid-i A'cam 340, 16543

M U ' I Z Z AL-DTN AL-MOSAWT:

A l ' A s h o r a a/-kZmi la MS: Mar'ashi 363011 (ca t . , X, p.30)

208 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHi'f LAW

K . a / - l r t h MS: Diinishgzh 671113 (ca t . , XVI, p.343)

MUJJAMMAD JA'FAR AL-BUSAYNi AL-KASHANT:

Risiila f i 'I-farii'ip' Edition: Tehran, 1315

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES'

MUUAMMAD TAHA NAJAF ( d . 1323):

Riscla f i 'I-babwa Edition: Najaf, 1324 (together with his 01-lnziif)

'ABD ALLAH AL-MAMAQANT:

Tubfat a/-gafwa Edition: Tabriz , 1320

3. ON WIFE'S SHARE

Risiila dar i r th , Persian MS: Mar'ashi 326511 ( c a t . , IX, pp.53-4)

A L - S H A B ~ D AL-THANY :

Risiila ii mTrcth 01-zawja, included in his Majmii'at a/-ifcdiit (see above, HADT AL-TIHRANT: chapter 5)

Riscla f i ' I - i r th MS: Majlis 275511 (ca t . , IX, p . 142) MUJJAMMAD 'ALT A L - R A Q A W ~ (late 11th century) :

Risiila dar i r t h a/-zawja = Risiila f7 birmcn aolzawja 'an ba'p' matriikiit AL BABR AL-'ULUM: a/-zawj, Persian

Risiila f i 'I-mawiTrTth, included in his Bulghat a/-faqTh (see above, MS: DinishgZh 3514126 ( c a t . , XII, p.2528)

chapter 5) AL-KHWAJO 'i : MUJJAMMAD HASHIM AL-KHURASANT : RisZla f7 i r t h 01-zawja

Risiila-yi i r t h , Persian MSS: Mar'ashi 114211 ( ca t . , 111, p.315); Diinishgzh 710313 ( ca t . ,

Editions: Mashhad, 1340; Tehran, 1352, 1381 (with al-Khumaynits XVI, p.455)

footnotes) MUBAMMAD T A Q ~ A L - N U R ~ :

2 . ON RIGHT OF PRIMOGENITURE

RisTila f i 'I-babwa wa abkiimihz, included in his Majmii'at 01-ifcdiit (see above, chapter 5)

AL-SHTRWANT: Risiila dar bob wa, Persian MS: Faydiyya 1665121 ( ca t . , 111, p . 113); IgfahZn, Adabiyyiit (Nosh., V, p.304); Diinishgiih 7008120 ( ca t . , XVI, p.427)

Riscla f i 'I-babwa MSS: Mar'ashi 114212 (ca t . , 111, p . 315); Diinishgiih 710314 (ca t . , XVI, p.455)

IBN TAWQ AL-BAURANT :

Jawiib mas 'ala 'an 01-babwa MS: Mar'ashi 2358114 (ca t . , VI, pp.338-9)

MUJJAMMAD B. 'ASHOR AL-KIRMANSHAHT :

Risiila f i 'I-babwa MS: Mar'ashi 257512 (ca t . , VII, p . 164)

'ALT B. RIQA ZL BABR A L - ' U L ~ M :

Rislila f i 'I-babwo Edition: Tehran, 1290-1 (together with his 01-Burhen 01-qiit i ')

Risiila dar ~ r t h 01-zawja, Persian (see AB, XI, p.55) MS: JJujjatiyya 612 ( ca t . , p.25)

A L BAJJR A L - ' U L ~ M :

Risiila f7 ~ r t h 01-zawja, included in his Bulghat a/-faqTh (see above, chapter 5)

SHAYKH A L - S H A R ~ ' A : - lbiinat 01-mukhtiir f7 i r th 01-zawja min thaman a l ' i q i i r ba'd 01-akhdh

b i ' I -khiyi i r MSS: DiinishgZh 262711 (ca t . , IX, p.1502); Majlis 325511 (ca t . , X, pp.843-4)

Siycnat a/-lbcna 'on wagmat 01-rifeno MSS: Diinishgiih 262713 (ca t . , IX, p.1503); Majlis 325513 (ca t . , X , pp. 844-5)

'ABD ALLAH A L - M A M A Q ~ N T : A/-Mubiikama bayn 01-'alamayn tT far' 'adam i r t h a/-zawja min 01-ariifl Edition: Najaf, 1344 (in his a/- l thni i 'ashariyya)

4 . MISCELLANY

Sharb 01-mas'ala a/-nahbiyya, a commentary on a question of the chapter on inheritance of al-'Alliima's Qawii'id 01-abkiim (see above, chapter 5)

2 1 0 A N INTRODUCTION TO SHI'T LAW

ANONYMOUS (written befor 1040):

Sharb mos'olo min rnasZ'il mi rZth 01-QowZ'id, a commentary on anothe question of al-'Allima's above-mentioned work (see above, chapter 5)

AL-QUMM~ :

RisZlo f7 onnoh idhZ mZt obad wo 'o loyh doyn ow w a ~ i y y o fa-ha1 yantaqil 01-toroko ilo ' I-warotho om IF, included in his a/-RosZ'i l and JowZrn;' 01-rasZ'il (see above, chapter 5)

'ABD ALLAH AL-KIRMXNSHAHT: Mas'ola f7 i r t h man qatal wolodoh khafo 'on MS: Ilihiyyzt 81915d (ca t . , 11, p.21)

ARBITRATION

1. GENERAL

AL-QUMMT :

RisZlo f i ' I -qodZ' , included in his ol-RosZ'il and JowZmi' 01-rosZ'il (see above, chapter 5)

AJJMAD AL-KIRMANSHAHT : MonZhij 01-obkZm (see AB, XXII, p.340) MSS: Ilihiyyit 112-13 A1 Aqi (cat. , I , p.804)

/

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES' 211

MUUAMMAD BASAN B. MUJJAMMAD T A Q ~ ( d . af ter 1267):

K . 01-QodZ' wo 'I-shohZdZt MS: Los Angeles M904 (ca t . , p.321)

- K . 01-QodZ' MSS: Ma'had 1352 (ca t . , p.116); Faygiyya 99311 (ca t . , 111, p.47); Majlis 403 Tabitabz'i ; Gawharshid 78511 (ca t . , p ,369)

- K . 01-QodZ', his lectures compiled by Muhammad Taqi al-Tunukibuni MS: Mar'ashi 1992 (cat . ,V, p.363)

- K . 01-QodZ', another collection of his lectures compiled by JJusayn b . Muhammad Basan al-Musawi al-Dsrb Imimi MSS: Radawi 2526 ( ca t . , 11, p .96); Majlis 169 Khu'i (ca t . , VII, p.217)

AUMAD AL-FAYPT:

A/-QodZ' wo 'I-shohZdZt MS: Gawharshid 38 ( ca t . , 361)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to late 13th century)

K . 01-QodZ' MS: Fayaiyya 99312 (ca t . , 111, p.47)

'ALT AKBAR A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ :

Risiilo f7 boyZn abkZm oolqodZ' MS: Milli 1783117 Arabic ( c a t . , X , p.368)

QoniidTl 01-'osjadZt MSS: Mar'ashi 2355, 2600 (ca t . , VI, p . 330, VII, p . 185); Radawi 'ALT AL-KANT :

7038 ( c a t . , V, p.475); K , 01-QadZ' = TobqTq a/-dolZ' i l Editions: Tehran, 1304, 1317

A L - M U J ~ H I D : MS: Gharb 110311 (ca t . , p.289)

K . 01-QodZ' MS: Gawharshzd 594 (ca t . , p.370) A L - R A S H T ~ :

K . al-Qod6' AJJMAD AL-NARAQT: Edition: Qum, 1401

K . 01-QodZ' wo 'I-shohZdZt MSS: Majiis 3275, 335212, 5309, 37 Tabztabz'i , 45 ~ a b i t a b i ' i ( c a t . ,

MS: Biqiriyya (AB, XVII, p.140) X , pp.883-4, 1175-6, XVI, p.225); 'Abd al- 'A~im 328 (ca t . , p.469); DXnlshgZh 671112 (ca t . , XVI, p . 343); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 800 (Cat.,

MUJJAMMAD Q U L ~ B. MUBAMMAD AL-KANTURT ( d . 1260): I , pp.221-2); Los Angeles M645 ( ca t . , p.321); Ustadi (ca t . , p.29)

K . 01-QodZ' MS: Gawharshzd 594 (Cat., p.370)

K . 01-QodZ' wo 'I-shohZdZt MS: Biqiriyya (AB, XVII, p.140)

. - I MSS. Mailis 3275. 335212. 5309. 37 Tabztabz'i , 45 Tabi tab i ' i ( c a t . ,

x , pp.88i-4, 1175-6, XVI, p.225); .'Abd al- 'A~im 328 (cat. , p.469); DXnishrZh 671112 (ca t . , XVI, p . 343); Mashhad, Ilihiyyit 800 (ca t . ,

1s Angeles M645 ( ca t . , p . 321); Ustadi (ca t . , p . 29)

AbkZrn 01-'idZlo 01-'Alowiyyo, Persian Edited (AB, I , pp.299-300)

BASAN AL KXSHIF AC-GHITA':

IJUSAYN QULT AL-HAMADANY:

K . a/-QodZ' wo 'I-shohZdZt, his lectures compiled by one of his pupils MS: Tustariyya (AB, IV, p.372)

Al-SilZb 01-mZq7 AL-XSHTIYANT : MSS: Dinishgih 700111 (ca t . , XVI, p.424); fradawi 8218 (Binish, p . 846); Adabiyyit 13911 Kirmin (ca t . , p ,401; Mahdawi 81012 (ca t . , K . 01-Qap'Z'

p. 128) Edition: Tehran, 1327 MS: Faydiyya 1608 (Cat., I , p.203)

ANONYMOUS (belonging to mid-13th century): AL-KHURASANT :

Al-YonZbbT' MS: DZnishgZh 3054 (ca t . , X , p . 1996) K . 01-QodZ', his lectures compiled by his son, Muhammad b . Mubarnmad

Kizim al-Khurisini

212 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

MSS: DZnishgZh 151111 ( c a t . , V, p.1832); JJuquq 273j ( c a t . , p .160) ; Malik 6270 ( c a t . , I , p . 161) ; Radawi 8533 (Binish, p.953)

Q I Y A ' AL-DTN AL-'ARAQT:

K . a/-Qap'ii' Editions: Najaf, 1357, 1361

AL-KHU '1 : MobcnT Tokmilot 01-Minhiij Edition: Najaf, 1395-6

K . 01-Qap'c', his lectures compiled by 'Ali a l -uusayni al-NlilZni Edition: Qum, 1401-3

2. ON JUDICIAL PROCEDURE

AL-SHAHID AL-AWWAL:

Mosc'il tozi7bum a/-buqi iq MS: T e h r a n , Mudarris Radawi (AB, XX, p.340)

BUSAYN B. 'ABD AL-QAMAD:

Risi7lo f i ' I -shiyc ' MSS: Tustar iyya 300115 ( c a t . , p . 851); $;bib al-Dhari'a (AB, XI, p . 153)

AL-MUJTAHID:

Risiila f7 tan&ue a/-rawjoyn fi mote' 01-bayt MS: Mar'ashi 278513 ( c a t . , VII, p.348)

Risiila fT toni7zu' ol-zawjayn t i qadr 01-mohr MSS: Mar'ashi 251912 ( c a t . , VII, pp.104-5); Radawi 2438, 7211 ( c a t . , 11, p.70, V, p.426) ; Majlis 455314 ( c a t . , XII, p.236) ; Baku MI40169 (Nosh . , IX, p .244) ; Astiina 835313 ( c a t . , pp.203-4) ; DZr al-Kutub 33263' ( c a t . , I , p.401) Commentary: by t h e au thor , MS: Raoawi 229 law ( c a t . , 11, p . 71)

AUMAD AL-BAURANT :

Risclo f i ' I -do 'wc 'o lo ' I-mayyit MS: Princeton 229110 Yahuda ( c a t . , p.138)

AL-KHwAJO'T:

Risclo f7 jaw% muqcs$at ol-munkir low bolof MS: ~ a r ' a s h i 198712 ( c a t . , V , p.358)

AL-QUMMT :

Risela fT taniizu' 01-zawjayn f i mote' a l -bayt , included in his 01-Rasc'il and Jowiimi' o l -rasc' i l (see above, chap te r 5 )

NAZAR 'ALT B. SULTAN AL-TALIQANT:

Riscla f i da 'wc 01-'ayn Edition: Tehran , 1304

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES' 213

AL BAUR AL-'ULUM: Risiilo f7abkiim ol-da'cw7, included in h i s Bulghat ol-faq7h (see above, chapter 5)

- Risiila f7 tto'cqub 01-ayiiu7 Editions: Najaf, 1357, 1361 ( together wlth his K . 01-~ap 'c ' )

- Moqclo f i ' I-doCcwT Edition: Najaf, 1345 ( together with h i s Sharb Tabsirat 01-muto'ol l im~n)

3 . ON WITNESS

Risclo f i ' / - : i d c / o = Risiilo f i mo'r i fat 01-kobc'ir MSS: DZnishgih 539713, 2144139, 696312, 288815, 101513 ( c a t . , V , pp.1496-7, IX, p.828, X, p.1733, XV, p.4239, XVI, p.412) ; Majlis

433917 ( c a t . . XII. D. 4 0 ) ; Radawi 3538, 7615 ( c a t . , 11, p.90, V, p . 4 4 2 ) ; ~ a r ' a s h i i40914 (cat.., IV, p . 186) ; Adabiyyiit 28212 KirmZn ( c a t . , p . 4 3 ) ; Los Angeles M451 ( c a t . , p.241)

Risiila f i ' I - ' idc la MSS: SipahsZliir 746112 ( c a t . , V, p.314) ; Mar'ashi 44414, 144514 ( c a t . , 11, p.48, IV, p . 232); Diinishgiih 701912 ( c a t . , XVI, p.431) ; Ilihiyyiit 56115d ( c a t . , I , p.329)

RisZila f i ' I - kabc ' i r MS: SipahsiilZr 2919120 ( c a t . , V , p.423)

BAHA' AL-Df N A L - ' X M I L ~ : Risiilo f i ' / - ' i d c / o MS: Diir al-Kutub 21230 (cat . , I , p.376)

MUVAMMAD IBRAI-ITM B. MUBAMMAD M A ' S ~ M A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ :

RisZila f i ' I - farq boyn a/-gaghc' i r wa ' I - kobc ' i r MS: Majlis 1803112 ( c a t . , IX, p.302)

$AVIB A L - ~ A D A ' I Q :

Ris?ila f i ' I ' i d ~ l o MS: Los Angeles MI0613 ( c a t . , p.664)

A L - Q U M M ~ :

RisZila fT tobqTq me yu ' tabor f i 'I-shahiSdo MS: ~ a r ' a s h i 125917 ( c a t . , IV, p.62)

MUUAMMAD M A H D ~ B. MUUAMMAD SHAFT' AL-ASTARABADT: A/-Mu'todil fT boy% baqTqata1-'idi7la 01-shor' iyya MS: Ustiidi ( c a t . , p.51)

214 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

Editions: Tabriz, 1303 (together with his K . a/-Tahiiro), 1375 (together with his a/-Mokiisib) MSS: Dznishgih 695613 (ca t . , XVI, p.411): Milli 194518 Arabic (ca t . X n f i27) - - 2 r-.--., Commentaries: (1) by 'Abd Allih al-Mimaqini, edited Najaf, 1345 ( in his al-Qoiii'id 01-tham7no); (2) by Fat t ib al-Shahidi, edited Tabriz, 1375 (together with his Hidiiyot a/-tiilib)

ANONYMOUS:

Risiilo dar 'idclot, Persian MS: Gawharshid 168514 (ca t . , p . 152)

NACAR ' A L ~ AL-TALIQANT: Risiila f7 ishtiriil busn a/-riihir t7 qobiii 01-shahiido Edition: Tehran, 1304

MUUAMMAD BUSAYN A L - K H W A N S A R ~ : Risiila fi 'I-'idiilo MS: Mar'ashi 3041121 (ca t . , VIII, p.250)

AL-KHURASANT :

Maqiilo fi 'i- 'idiila Edition: Baghdad, 1331 (in his Shodhoriit)

PENAL LAW

AL-ABTWARD~ :

RisFla dar diyiit wa qi$ii$, Persian MS: Dinishgih 724215 (ca t . , XV, p.497)

AL-MAJLIS~ 11:

Risiilo dor budiid wa diyiit, Persian Edition: Tehran, 1262 MSS: Mar'ashi 2831, 496, 251313, 652 (ca t . , 11, pp.105, 249, VII, p.99, VIII, p .36); Faydiyya 21012 (ca t . , I l l , p .8) ; GulpiyigZni, 3 MSS (ca t . , 11, p.63); Milli 185419 (ca t . , IV, p.317)

Risiilo f7 man qutil 'on umm wa ~ a b T fatTm wa zawio wo 15 ya r f l a/- wzlida ill5 bi 'I-qigiig , included in his Jowiimi' a/-rasii'il <see above, chapter 5)

YDSUF B . 'ABD AL-FATTAU AL-TABATAB.X'~ A L - T A B R ~ Z ~ (d. 1242):

Musawwid a/-khudiid f7 mosii'il a/-budiid MS: Mar'ashi 251311 (ca t . , VII, pp.98-9)

MUUAMMAD JA'FAR AL-ASTAREBADI : Risiilo dar budiid wo qisii$ wa diyiit, Persian MS: Sini 618 (ca t . , I , p . 399)

MONOGRAPHS ON 'RULES1 215

MS: ~ a r ' a s h i 310012 ( ca t . , VIII, p.323)

AL-KHU 'i : Mahiin? Tokmiloi 01-Minhiij ((see above, general works on arbitration)

K . 01-vudi7d Edition: Qurn, 1399

Bibliography

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ABU 'L- 'ABBAS AL-WARRANT ( d . 74511344-5): A/-Musawwada f7 ugEi oi-fiqh, e d . M . M . 'Abd al-yamid, Cairo, 1964

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ABU 'L-QASIM B . WASAN A L - Y A Z D ~ (mid- l3thl l9th c e n t u r y ) : Torjomo-yi fiirsT-yi SharZi'i' a/-lsiiim, e d . M.T. Dinishpazhiih, Tehran 1346-53 s h

BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 10

ADABIYYAT = Kitibkhzna-yi Danishliada-yi Adabiyyit wa 'Ulum-i l n s i n i - y i Danishgih-i Tehran , Tehran Catalogues:

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- Fihrist-i nuskhahzy-i khatf7-yi Kitiibkhiina-yi Diinishkoda-yi Adobiyyiit, majmE'a-yi imiim Jum'o-yi Kirmiin, b y M.T. Diilishpazhiih, Tehrna , 1965

- Fihrist-i nuskhohiiy-i khallT-yi KitiibkhCno-yi Diinishkodo-yi Adobiyyzi, mojmii'a-yi waqf7-yi 'AT Ajghar uikmat, T e h r a n , 1341 s h

A F A N D ~ = 'Abd Allah b . 'Tsi al-Igfahani ( d . around 113011718): Riyiid 01-'uiomii' , Qum, 1401 q -

AGHA BUZURG A L - T I I I R A N ~ ( d . 138911970): A/-DharT'o ilZi iosiinTf 01-ShT'o, Tehran and Najaf, 1353-98 q

ABMAD = A l p a d b . Mubamrnad b . uanbal ( d . 2411855): Al-Musnad, Cairo, 1313 q

' A L ~ B . MUBAMMAD AL-'.&MIL~ ( d . 110311691-2): - A/-Durr 01-manthcr, e d . A. a l -uusayn i , Qum, 1398 q - A/-SihZim a/-miiriqo, MS 1576, Mar'ashi Library, Qum

' A I ~ L A M A = Jam51 al-Din uasan b . YCisuf b . al-Mutahhar al-uilli ( d . 7261 1325):

- Tp'5b'o/-ishtibiih, Tehran , 1319 q - Khuiiijat a/-oqwiil = RijCi ooi'Ail5ma 01-UiiT, Najaf, 1961 - Mobiidi' a/-wugiil iiZi 'iim oi-USE/, e d . 'A.M.'A. al-Baqqil , NajaS, 1970 - Mukhlolof ol-ShT'o, Tehran , 1324 Q - Muntahii a/-mofiob, Tehran , 1333 q - Nihiiyot 01-wujEi ilii 'ilni 01-ujEi, MS 1908 MarcashT Libra ry , Qum - Tobgirot 01-muto'oiiimTn, e d . A. a l -uusayni and H . al-Yusufi, Qum,

n . d . - TohdhTb 01-ugiil, Tehran , 1308 q - TabrTr a/-abkiim ai-shor ' iyyo, Tehran , 1314 q

AMBROSIANA = Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milano Catalogue: Cotoiogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the Bibiiateca Ambrosiono, b y Oscar Lofg'ren a n d Renato Traini , Vicenza, 1975-81

AMTN A L - A S T A R A B A D ~ = Mubammad Amin b . Mubarnmad Sharif ( d . 10361 1626-7):

- Diinishniirna-yi shiihT, MS 4668111, Central Library, University of Tehran

* A/-Fowii'id a/-Modoniyya, Tabriz , 1321 q - JowZib masii'il oi-shaykh vusayn oi-ZohTrT a i ' x m i T , MS 106714,

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ANJUMAN-I TARAQQT-YI URDU, Karachi Catalogue: MokhfEfZit-i Anjuman-i ToroqqT-yi U r d i i , by S.F. 'A. Radawi , Karachi, 1967

220 AN INTRODUCTION TO ~ ~ 7 ' 7 LAW

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BAGHAWi = Abii Mubammad ljusayn b . Mas'iid al-Farr;?' ( d . 51011117): MogiibTI) a / -sunno, Cairo, 1318 q

BAGHDADT = the private collection of Sayyid Mubarnmad al-Baghdsdi, Najaf Catalogue: Makhfliyiit maktobat . . . a/-sayyid Mubammod o1kBoghdi;dT a/-HasonT, by M.H. al-Amini, Najaf, 1964

B A H A ' AL-DIN AL-'AMILi ( d . 103011621): - Mashriq a/-shomsoyn, Tehran , 1321 q ( together with t h e au thor ' s

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 221

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D;?wiid1s K . 01-Riji?l

BAYHAQ? = Abii Bakr AQmad b . vusayn al-Naysibiiri ( d . 45811065): A/-Sunan , Hyderabad, 1354-6 q

B A Z A N T ~ = Abu J a ' f a r Abmad b . Mubarnmad b . Abi Nagr ( d . 2211836): Jiimi' 01-bozanjT, a pa r t of it which is inser ted in Ibn I d r i s ' s 01-Sorii'ir, p p . 477-8 (Tehran , 1270 q)

BENGAL = The Royal Asiatic Society, Bengal Catalogue: Colalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the Collection of the Royal Asiatic Sociely of Bengol, b y W.1vanow and o the rs , Calcutta, 1939-51

BERLIN = Staat Bibliothek, Berlin Catalogue: Verzeichniss d e r Arobischen Handschriften de r Koniglichen Dibliotliek zLi Berlin, b y W. Ahlwardt, Berlin, 1887-99

B I B L I O T H ~ Q U E NATIONALE (Par i s ) : Catalogue:

- ( I ) Catalogues des manuscrits Arobes, b y M . Le Baron de Slane, Par is , 1883-95

- (11) Catologue des monuscrits Arabes des novelles acquisit ions, by E . Blochet, Pa r i s , 1924

B I H B A H A N ~ = Mu~ammad BZqir b . Mubarnmad Akmal, al-WaQid ( d . 12051 1791):

- A/-Fowii'id o l C o t T q o , Tehran , 1279 q ( together with Mulpmmad Ijusayn al-Igfahini 's a/-Fugiil a/-Chorowiyyo, p p . 431-66)

- TobqTq f i 'I-qiyiis, MS 45813, Mar'ashi L ib ra ry , Qum - To'lTaiit monhoi a/-maoiil, Tehran . 1307 a ( together with Muhammad b . . . . . . -

'Ali ; I - ~ s t a r i b ~ d i ' s Manhoj 01-moqiil) BAJJRANT = Yiisuf b . Abmad b . Ib r ih im, Sihib al-IjadZ'iq ( d . 118611772) - A/-uodii'iq 01-niiCiira, e d . M . T . a l - i r awin i , Najaf, 1377 q - B ~ N I S H , T : - Al-Koshkiil = AnTs 01-musiifir wo j a r s aalbiiQ'ir, Bombay, 1291-2 q Fihristi-i olifbii'T-yi nuskhohiiy-i khorfT-yi Kitiibkhtno-yi iTstiino-yi - Lu'lu'ot a/-bahrovn. Bombav. n . d . Mnchhnrl. Tehran . 1351 s h ( in Fihrist-i nuskhahiiv-i khattT-vi d u kitiib- . , , " . - ~~~

khiino-yi ~ o s h h o d , the second volume of ~ o j m i i ' o l ~ i fihr;;t-j BAHR A L - ' U L ~ M = Muhammad Mahdi b . Murtad;? al-Tab;?tab;?'i ( d . 12121 nuskhahiiv-i khotlT-vi kittbkhZnohiiv-i shohrostiinhiiv-i I r a n ,

1797): A/-Fowii'id 01-rijiiliyyo = Rijiil 01-soyyid Bahr a l 'Ul i im, Najaf, 1965-7

BAJURT = Ibr ihim b . Mubarnmad (d . 127711860-1): Hiishiyat Fotb 01-qorTb = Hiishiyo 'a15 shorb a/-'olliimo lbn Qiisim 01- GhazzT 'alii moln ol-shoykh AbT Shujii ' , Cairo, 1285 q

BANKIPORE = Oriental Public Library, Bengal Catalogues:

- Arabic: Miff?% 01-kuniiz a/-khofiyyo,by Mawlawi 'Abd al-Ijamid, Patna 1918-22

- Persian: Mir ' t t 01-'uiGm,by Mawlawi 'Abd al-Khalliq Sahib, Patna, 1925

BAQIRIYYA = Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yl Biqir lyya, Mashhad 1 I

B A R Q ~ = Abu Ja'far Ahmad b . Muhammad b . KhZIid al-Qummi ( d . 274-801

. . p p . 563-f080)

BODLEIAN = The Bodleian Library, Oxford Catalogues:

- ( I ) Bibliothecoe Bodleionoe Codicum Monuscriptorum Orientolum . . . Cotalogus, by J . Uri, Oxford, 1787;

- (11) Cotologi Codicum Monuscriptorum Orientalium Bibliothecose Bodleianoe, Pars Secundo, Arobicos Complectcns, b y Alexander Nicoll, Oxford, 1835 (111) Catologue of the Persion,Turkish,HindDsti in?, ond Pushtii Monu s c r i ~ t s in the Bodleion L ibra ry , by Ed. Sacllau and Hermaiin Eth6, par t I ( t h e Persian ~ a n u s c r i p t s ) , Oxford, 1889

BRITISH LIBRARY (London): Catalogues : (Rieu) Supplement to the Cotologue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the B r ~ t i s h Museum, by Charles Rieu, London, 1894

- (11) A Discr ip l ive L i s t of the Arabic Manuscripts Acqui red b y the Trustees of the B r i t i s h Museum since 7895, b y A.G. Elliss and E . Edwards , London, 1912

BRUNSCHVIG, R . : 'Les usi j l 01-fiqh Imamites a Leur stade ancien (Xc e l XIe s isc les) ' , in Le ShTCis,ne lmomafe (Par is , 19701, pp.201-13

BUHAR = the B u h i r L ib ra ry , Imperial Library, Calcutta Catalogue: Calologuc of the Arob ic Manuscripts in lhe BEhiir L i b r o r y , by Shams alE'Ulami' M . HidZyat vusayn KhZn B a h i d u r , Calcutta, 1923

B U R U J I R D ~ = Maktabal Madrasat al-sayyid alkBuriijirdi, Najaf Catalogue: Mokht i j t i i t Moktabot Modrasot a / -soyy id 01-BurGj i rd i , b y A . al-uusayni , in his DoiTl 01-MakhJZliit (Qum, 1397 q ) , pp.4-43

CAMBRIDGE = the University Library, Cambridge A Dcscr ip l ive Cotologue of thc Oriental Manuscripts belonging t o the Late E . G . Browne, by Edwa1.d G. Browlle and Reynold A . Nicholson, Cambridge, 1932

CONGRESS = the Library of Congress , Washington Catalogue: Fihr is 01-mokhrijJiit 01- 'Arobiyyo t7 Moktobol 01-kunghress, by 5 . al-Munajjid, Beirut , 1969

DACCA = the Dacca University L ibra ry , Dacca Catalogue: The Persian, U r d u and Arobic Manuscr ipts in the Docco Univers i ty L i b r a r y , by A.B.M. Habihullah, Dacca, 1966-8

DAMAD : Mubarnmad Biq i r b . Shams al-Din Mubarnmad al -uusayni a l -As ta r ib id i ( d . 104011630-1): A/-Row&hib 01-samFwiyyo, T e h r a n , 1311 q

DANISHGAH : KitZbkhina-yi Markazai wa Markaz-i Asnid-i Dinishgih- i Tehran , Tehran

- Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhohi iy- i khottT-yi Ki t i ibkhi ina-yi MarkazT-yi D i i n i s h ~ i i h - i Tehron , by M.T. DZnishpazhiih and 'A.N. Munzawi, Tehran , 1330-57 s h Microfilms: Fihr,st- i mTkruf7lmhiiy-i Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi MorkozT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehron , by M . T . Dinishpazhiih, Tehran , 1348 s h

DANISHPAZHOH, M . T . : His introduction to the 4th volume of Abu '1-Qisim b . Basan al-Yazdi's Torjarno-yi Shor i i ' i ' a/-lsliin7, Tehran , 1353 s h

D ~ R AL-KUTUB (Cairo): - Catalogue: Fihr is t a/-makhti jyFt, b y P u ' i d Sayyid, Cairo, 1 9 6 1 2 - General catalogue: Fihr is 01-kutub a / - ' A r o b i y y o , Cairo, 1924-59

D i i ~ l M i = AbG Murammad 'Abd AllZh b . 'Abd al-RaQmZn al-Tamimi al- Samarqandi ( d . 2551869): Sunon , Damascus, 1349 q

DIHIiHUDA = SZzmin-i Lughatnima-yi Dihkhudi , Tehran Catalogue: Fihr is t - i k i l i ibkhi ino-yi Siizrniin-i Lughotniima-yi D ihkhud i i , b y M.T. Danishpazhiih, in Noshriyyo-yi Ki t i ibkhi in i i -y i MarkozT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehron dar b i i ro-y i nuskhohi iy- i khattT, 111 (Tehran , 1964 p p . 1-59, 387-426

BIBLIOGRAPHY 223

DIZFULT = Mubarnmad b. Faraj Al&h al-QiQi (13 th l l9 th c e n t u r y ) : FiirEq 01-boqq, T e h r a n , 1316 q ( together with Kishif al-Ghiti 'ls 01-Uaqq a/-mubin )

DURUST B. ABT MANSOR AL-WAS IT^ (2nd18th c e n t u r y ) : Kit& Durus t b . AbT Monz i j r , Tehran , 1371 q ( in the collection of a/-U$El 01-sittot ' o s h o r , p p . 158-69)

FARHLD MU'TAMID = t h e private collection of F a r h i d Muetamid, Tehran Catalogue: F ih r i s t - i k i tFbkhEno-yi Forhi id Mu' tomid, b y M . T . Dinishpazhiih and Gh. R . Farziinapiir, in Nashr iyya-y i Ki t i ibkhi ina-yi MorkazT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehron dar b i i ro-y i nuskhohFy- i khalJT, I11 (Tehran , 1964), p p . 141276

FARHANG = KitZbkhZna-yi 'Umiimi-yi Farhang wa I~Iunar , Mashhad Catalogue: ' F ih r i s t - i ku tub- i khalJT-yi Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi Farhong wa H u n o r , by R. S h i k i r i , Mashhad, 1348 s h

FAYQ = Mubammad b . Murtaai a l - ~ Z s h a n i , known a s Mubsin al-FayP ( d . 109111680):

- A/-uoqq 01-mubTn, e d . J . Muhaddith Urmawi, Tehran , 1390 q ( together with the author ' s a/-Ugij l a/-os'ila)

- MofiitTb 01-shor i i ' i ' , e d . ' I . al-Musawi a l - B a h r i n i , Vol.1, Beirut , 1969 - Al-Mahoiio a/-bavdi i ' , e d . 'A.A. al-GhaffZri , Tehran , 1339-42 s h - A I - U ~ ~ I o/-aSTlo; i d . J . Mubaddith Urmawi, Tehran , 1390 q - A/-Wiif7, Tehran , 1323 q

FAYQIYYA = KitZbkhZna-yi Madrasa-yi FayQiyya, Qum Catalogue: F ih r i s l - i nuskhahi iy- i khatfT-yi Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi Modaroso-yi Fayp'iyyo, by R . U s t i d i , Qum, 1396q

FU'AD SAYYID: Fihr is ol-mokhfij&it 01-mu$owwaro, Mo'hod Iby i i ' 01-Mokhfijfi it ol- ' A r o b i y y o , Cairo, 1954 -

F U S ~ L = FugEl kha lar b i ' I -b i i l bTn rnufiilo'at k i t i ib 01-tohzro, ills 2647, Mareashi Library, Qum

F U T ~ N T = Abu '1-uasan b . Muhammad T i h i r al-Sharif al-Nabiti alk'Amili ( d . 113811725-6): TonzTh 01-QummiyyTn min 01-mati i ' in, Qum, 1328 s h

GAWHARSHAD = Kitibkhina-yi Masjid-i Gawharsh id , Mashhad Catalogue: Fihr is t i - i Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi Jiimi'-i Gawhorshi id, by 'A. Ni i r in i and K . M . S h i n a c h i , in Fihr is t - i nuskhohi iy- i khoJtT-yi chahiir k i t i ibkhi ina-yi Moshhad, the f i r s t volume of Mojmij 'o-yi f i h r i s t - i nuskhahi iy- i k h o l t i - y i k i t i ibkhi inohi iy- i shahrast i inhi iy- i I ran (Tehran , 1351 s h ) , pp.57-435

GHARR = KitZbkhZna-yi Gharb , Hamadin Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhohi iy- i khattT-yi Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi Gharb , b y J . Maqgiid, Tehran , 1.397 q

GHAZALT = Abii kIZmid Mubarnmad b . Mubammad al-TGsi ( d . 50511111): - Iby i i ' 'u lEm 01-dTn, Cairo, 1312 q - A/-Mustagf i , Cairo, 1356 q

224 AN INTRODUCTION TO s ~ i ' i LAW

GHAZZi = Shams al-Din Mubarnmad b . Qisim, Ibn al-Gharabili ( d . 9181 1512): Fatb a/-QarTb ol-Mu/7b j7 sharb al f iz 01-Taqrrb, e d . L.W.C. Van Denberg, Leiden, 1894

GULPAYIGANT = Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi Gnlpiyigani , Qum Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhahi iy- i khagLT-yi K i t i bkh i i na -y i 'UmijmT-yi . . . GulpiiyiyigiinT, b y A. Busayni and R. U s t i d i , Qum, 1357-61 s h

BAKiM = Maktabat al-Imim al-Bakim alheAmma, Najaf Catalogues:

- F ih r i s t makhgijli it Maklabat a/-lmiim 01-uak% a l C ~ m m a , b y M . M . Najaf, Najaf, 1969

- F ih r i s t makhr i i f i i t 01-shoykh Mu_hammod a/-RashtT a/-muhdiit 115 Maktabat 01-lmiim a/-paki in a l ' A m m a , b y A. a l -gusayni , Najaf, 1971

~ A K I M A L - N A Y S ~ B ~ R ~ = Abii 'Abd Allih Mubarnmad b . 'Abd AllZh ( d . 40511014-15) Al-Mustadrak 'a ia ' I-SabTboyn, Hyderabad, 1340 q

~ A K T M A L - T I R M I D H ~ = Abii 'Abd Allih Mubarnmad b . 'Ali b . JJasan ( d . around 3201932): Nowijdir o l -USE/ , Beirut , n . d .

JJALABi = Abu '1-galib Taqi al-Din b . Najm al-Din ( d . 44711055-6): - A/-Kiir'T, MS 44111, Mar'ashi Library, Qum - Taqri l6 01-ma'iirif, MS 2263, Mar'ashi Library, Qum

JJASAN AL-SADR ( d . 135411935): To '57s al-ShT'a l i - fun i jn a/- ls l i im, Baghdad, 1951

JJAYDAR, ' A L ~ : Dura r 01-Dukkijm, sharh Maiallat 01-ohkiim, translated from Turkish into . . Arabic b y Fahmi al-Jjusayni , ~ a ~ h d a d and Beirut , n . d .

BAYDARIYYA = Khizinat al-Rawaa al-JJaydariyya, Najaf Catalogue: F ih r i s t mokhgEg5t KhizZinot 01-Rawp'o a / -uaydor i yya , b y A. a l -uusayni , Najaf, 1971

HAYTI-IAM~ = Niir al-Din 'A17 b . Abi Bakr ( d . 80711404-5): Majma' a / -zawi i ' id , Cairo, 1352-3 q

IJIMYARi = Abu 'I-Qisim 'Abd Allih b . Ja ' far al-Qummi (3 rd l9 th cen tu ry) Q u r b a / - isn i id , Tehran , n . d .

JJUJJATi, M.B.: BarrasT-yi i i th i i r - i Shoykh- i TEST wo guzi j r ish- i nuskhohi iy- i khagfi-yi i jnh i i , in YiidnZima-yi Shaykh- i TZsT, 111 (Mashhad, 19761, pp.590-676

BUJJATIYYA = KitibkhZna-yi Madrasa-yi JJujjatiyya, Qum F ih r i s t - i nuskhohi jy- i khotfT-yi KitZibkhiina-yi Madroso-yi u u j j a t i y y o , b y R . U s t i d i , Qum, 1354 s h

. A A

iq t~&idi-y~ ~ i n I s h & h - l Tehran , Tehran Catalopue: Fihrs i t - i nuskhohi jv- I khattT-VI Ki t i ibkhi ino-vi Diinishkado-vi ~ u q i i d . . . , b y M.T. ~Znish&zhi ih , -Tehran , 1961

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BURR A L - ' A M I L ~ ( d . 110411693): - Amal a l - h i / , e d . A. a? -gusayn i , Baghdad, 1965 - * Wosii'i l a!-ShT'a, e d . A .R . a l -Rabbini and M . al-RZzi , Tehran ,

1376-89 q

JJUSAYN B. 'ABD AL-$AMAD AL- MIL^ ( d . 98411576): - A l - ' I q d a / -VusoynT, e d . J . al-Mudarrisi , Yazd, n . d . - Maqiila f l wuj i jb a / - i f t i j ' wa bayiin a/-baqq ' o l i i k u l l man 'a l im b i h ,

MS 168613, FayGiyya Library, Qum - Risiila iT bukm 01-bugr wa ' I -bawiirT, MS 1836112, Majlis Library,

Tehran - Risiilo IT tabqTq ba'p' 01-mas~?'il 01-fiqhiyya, MS 596013, Majlis Library,

Tehran - T is 'a masij' i l, MS 1805153, Majlis L ib ra ry , Tehran - Wugiil a/-akhyi i r i l i i ugii l 01-akhbiir, Tehran , 1309 q

JJUSAYN A L - K A R A K ~ ( d . 107611665-6): Hidiiyat 01-abriir i l i i larTq 01-A 'im,ma a/-ayhi i r , MS 327811, Mar'ashi Library, Qum

BUSAYNIYYAT KASHIF AL-GHITA', Najaf

IBN 'ASAKIR = Abu '1-Qisim 'Ali b . JJasan b . Hibat Allah al-Dirnashqi ( d . 57311177-8): Torj imat a/- lmiim 'AIT b . AbT T i j l ib ' a loyh 01-saliim min To'rTkh maaTnot Dimashq, e d . M.B. al-Mabmiidi , Be i ru t , 1975

IBN A L - A T H ~ R = Majd al-Din Mubarak b . Mubarnmad al-Jazari al-Shaybani ( d . 60611210): Jiimi' a/-uzE1, Cairo, 1368 q

IBN AL-BARRAJ = QZGi 'Abd al-'Aziz b . Nibrir al-Shimi ( d . 48111088): - AI-Muhadhdhab, MS 44112, Mar'ashi Library, Qum - Sharb Jumol 01-'Ilm wa ' I ' o m a l , e d . K . M . Shanach i , Mashhad, 1974

IBN D A W U D = T a a i al-Din Hasan b . 'Ali b . Diwiid al-Billi ( d . af ter 70711307): K . 01-Rijii l, e d . J. Mubaddith Urmawi, Tehran , 1342 s h

IBN FAHD = Abu '1-'Abbas Abmad b . MuPammad b . Fahd al-Asadi al-Villi ( d . 84111437-8):

- Al-Muhadhdhab al-bi i r i ' , MS 275, Mar'ashi Library, Qum - AI-Muqtozar min sharb al-Mukhtozar, MS 2524, Mar'ashi Library, Qum

IBN kIAZM = Abii Mubarnmad 'Ali b . Abmad al-Qurtubi ( d . 45611064): - Al- lbki im f7 u ~ i i l a / -abk i im, e d . A.M. S h i k ~ r , Calro, 1345-8 q - Mulakhkhog ibJZil ol-qiyi is wa ' I - r a ' y wo ' I - is t ibsi in wa 'I-LaqlTd wa

' I - ta ' lT I , e d . S . a l -Afghini , Damascus, 1960

IBN I D R ~ S = Abii 'Abd Allih Muhammad h . Mansiir b . Ahmad b . I d r i s al-'Ijli al-JJilli ( d . 59811202):' A/-Sor i j ' i r 01-b5wT 11-tabrTr a/-fatow?, Tehran , 1270 q

IBN A L - J A W Z ~ = Abu '1-Farai 'Abd al-Rabmin b . 'Ali al-Qurashi a1 BaghdZdi ( d . 59711201) : Maniiqib 01-lmiim Abmad b . uanba l , Cairo, 1979

226 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

IBN AL-NADiM = Abu '1-Faraj MuPammad b . IsbZq al-Warrzq al-BaghdZdi (late 4thllOth century) : A / - F i h r i s t , ed. R. Tajaddud, Tehran, [ 19711

IBN Q U D ~ M A = Muwaffaq al-Din 'Abd Allih b . Abmad al-Maqdisi ( d . 6201 1223-4) : TabrTm 01-no~or ,G k u t u b ah1 a/-kali im, ed. G . Makdisi, London, 1962

IBN SA'D = Abi 'Abd Allih Mu~ammad b . Sa'd KZtib al-WZqidi ( d . 2301844-5): K . 01-Toboqzt al-kobii-, ed . E. Sachau and others, Leiden, 1904-15

IBN SHAHRASHDB = Rashid al-Din Muhammad b . 'Ali 31-Sarawi ( d . 58811192):

- Mo'iilim 01-'ulomii ' , ed . ' A . Iqbzl, Tehran, 1353 q - Mothiiliib a / -Nowi i~ ib , MS Nigiriyya Library, Lucknow - Mutoshiibih 01-Qur' i in, ed. &al-Mugtafawi , Tehran, 1369 q

IBN TAWUS = Radi al-Din 'a17 b . Miisi al-Hasani al-Husavni al-Hill? . "

(d . 66411265-6'): Al- lobi i l bi-si i l ih 01-a'1nii1. Tehran. 1320 a

- K ~ s h f 01-mobojjo, Najaf, 1950

IBN AL-TURKUMANT = 'AlZ' al-Din 'Ali b . 'Uthmin 31-Mirdini ( d . 7501 1349-50): Al-Jowhor 01-noqT f~ ' I - radd 'o la ' I-BayhoqT, Hyderabad, 1354-6 q (together with al-Bayhaqils a/-Sunon 01-kubri i)

IBN ZUHRA = Abu '1-MakZrim Bamza b . 'Ali b . Zuhra al-Balabi ( d . 5851 1189-90) : Chunyat o l -nuzu ' , Tehran, 1276 q (in the collection of a/-Jowimi' a / - f i qh iyya , pp. 523-626)

ILAHIYYAT = Kitabkhina-yi Dinishkada-yi l l ihiyyi i wa ma'ZrifFi Islimi- yi DZnishgZh-i Tehran, Tehran Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhahiiy-i kharlT-yi Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi Diinishkodo- y i l l?hiyyii t wa Ma'cr i f - i IsliimT, by M.T. DZnishpazhCih and M.B. Bujjati , Tehran, 1345-8 sh

A L - I M ~ M A L - M A H D ~ = Maktabat al-Imim al-Mahdi, S imarr i ' ( I raq)

INDIA OFFICE, London: Catalogues:

- A Cotologue of the Arobic Monuscr ipis i n the L ib ra ry of the lnd io Off ice, by 0. Loth and R. Levy, London, 1937

- (Ashburner) Cotalogue of Two Calleciions of Persian and Arobic Manu- scr ip ts Preserved in the lnd io Office L l b r o r y , by E .D. Ross and E. G . Browne, London, 1902

IQBAL, * A . : Khi inidzn- i NowbokhtT, Tehran, 1345 sh

ISFAHAN, DANISHGAH = Kitibkhina-yi Dinishgih-i Igfahin, Igfahin Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhahiiy-i khottT-yi KitCbkhTjna-yl Diinishgiih-i lgfohzn, by I . Afshir and M . T . Danishpazhiih, in h'oshriyyo-yi K i i zb - khzna-yi Morkozr-yi Dznishgzh-i Tehran dar bi i ro-yi nuskhahi iy- i khoft?, XI-XI1 (Tehran, 1362 sh) , pp.880-950

BIBLIOGRAPHY 227

I ~ F A I I A N , ' U M U M T = KitZhkhina-yi 'Umiimi-yi IgfahZn, I$fahZn Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhahiiy-i khott7-yi Ki tzbkhi ina-yi 'UmurnT-yi Izfohi in, by J . Maqgiid, Tehran, 1349 sh

JA'FARIYYA = at-Maktaba al-Ja'fariyya, Madrasat &Hindi, KarbalZ' Catalogue: [Chand nusho-yi khattT a z ) Ki t i ibkhi ina-yi Jo ' far iyyo, hy M . T . DZnishpazhih, in Noshriyyo-yi Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi MorkozT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran dor b&o-yi nuskhahi iy- i khattT, V (Tehran, 19681, pp. 434-7

! A M / ' A U ~ D T T H AL-SHT 'A , Qum, 1399 q (Vol. I )

JAWAD AL-%MILT ( d . 122611811): Mift i ib 01-koriimo, ed. M . al-Amin al-'Amili , Cairo-Sidon-Tehran, 1324 q

JAWADAYN = Maktabat al-Jawiclayn, KZgimiyya ( I raq)

JAZA'IRT = Ni'mat Allzh b . 'Abd AllZh al-Miisawi ( d . 111211710): - * Al-An wiir 01-Nu'mzniyyo, ed . M. :A. al-Qadi al-Tabitabi ' i , Tabriz,

1382 q - Monba' a/-bayi i t f7 bu j j iyyot qowl 01-mujtohidii7 min a/-omwiit, MS 276114,

Majlis Library, Tehran

KALBAST = Muhammad Ibrihim b . Muhammad Basan al-IgfahZni ( d . 12621 1846) : Shawtriri' a / -h id i iyo , MS i? (temporary), Mar'ashi Library, Qum

1 7 4

K A M A R A ' i = 'AIi NaqT b . MuPammad Hishim al-Igfahini (mid- l l th i l l th century) : Risiila dor i thbi i t - i luziim-i wuj i id- i mujtahid dor ram%-i ghaybat-i lmiim, MS 3813, Majlis Library, Tehran

KARAJAKT = Abu '1-Fatb Mubarnmad b . 'Uthmin ( d . 44911057-8): Konz ol- fowi i ' id, Tabriz, 1322 q

K A R A K ~ = Niir al-Din 'AIi b . 'Abd al-'AW al-'Amili ( d . 94011534): TorTq i s t i n b 3 ol-obkiim, ed. ' A . al-Fadli, Najaf, 1971

KASHAN, R A Q A W ~ = Kitibkhina-yi Ayat Allih Radawi, Kishin Catalogue: Nuskhohzy-i khattT-yi Ki t i ibkhi ina-yi Ayot All i ih Rop'owT dor shohr- i K c s h i n , by M.T. Dinishpazhih, in Nashriyyo-yi K i t?bkhznoy i MarkazT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran dar bzra-y i nuskhahiiy-i khottT, VII (Tehran, 1353 s h ) , pp. 29-94

K X S H Z N ~ = Maktabat al-savvid 'Abbis al-Kishini, Karbali' Catalogue: Mokht i i t i i t ~ d k t o b o t . . . 01-sayyid 'Abbi is 01-~usaynT a/-KCshiinT f7 Karbol? ' , by B . M . Haddii, Karbali' , 1966

KASHIF AL-GHITA' = Ja'far b . Khidr al-Najfi ( d . 122811813): - Al-Yoqq a/-mubi'n, Tehran, 1316 q - Shorb ol-Qowz' id, MS, private collection of R. UstZdi , Qum (now in

Mar'ashi Library, Qum)

KASHSH~ = Abii 'Amr Muhammad b . 'Umar b . 'Abd al-'Aziz ( e a r t h 4thi 10th century ) : Riji i l aolKoshshT, abridged by al-Shaykh al-Tiisi as l k h t i y i i r mo'rifot o l - r i j z l , ed. 8 . al-Mugtaiawi, Mashhad, 1348 sh

228 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'I LAW

KXZIMT = Asad AllZh b . Ismi'i l al-Tustari ( d . 123411818-19): - * Koshf 01-qinii', Tehran, 1317 q - Moqiibis 01-anwiir, Tehran, 1322 q

K H A L I S ~ = Maktabat Madrasat Madinat al-'Ilm, Kiizimiyya ( I raq) Catalogue: Mokhri i lat khizi inat Jiimi'at ModTnat a l ' i l m , by Y . M . Haddii Baghdad, 1972

KHALKHALT, M . M . : Fiqh ol-ShT'o, Tehran, 1393 q (Vol. 3)

KHALLAF, 'Abd al-WahhZb: ' l l m u$i j l 01-fiqh, Kuwait, 1968

K H A T T B = Abii Bakr Abmad b . 'Ali b . ThZbit al-BaghdZdi ( d . 46311072): Mishkiit 01-ma$Zib7b, e d . M . N . al-AlbZni , Damascus, 1962

K H U M A Y N ~ = RiiQ AllZh b . Mugtafa al-Miisawi : RisZla f i ' I - i j t ih i id wo 'I-taqlTd, Qum, 1385 q (in a collection of his treatises entitled 01-RasZ'il)

K H W A J ~ ' ~ = MuQammad Ismi'i l b . MuQammad Ejusayn al-IgfahZni ( d . 11731 1759-60): Risiila i7 wuj i ib i t t ib i i ' 01-mujtahid l i - {ann ih , M S 131715 New Series, Princeton University Library

KHWANSAR~ = MuPammad Biqir b . Zayn al-Abidin al-Miisawi ( d . 13131 1395) : Rawp'Zit aaljanniit, ed. M .T. al-Kashfi and A. Ismi'iliyZn, Tehran-Qum, 1390-2 q

KHAYRAT KHAN = Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi KhayrZt KhZn, Mashhad Catalogue: Fihr ist- i nuskhahciy-i khaj t7-yi Modrasa-yi Khayr i i t Kh i in , by M . Fiai l , in the third volume of MajmG'o-yi f i h r i s t - i nuskhahi iy- i khottT-yi kit i ibkhonahiiy-i shahrastcinhiiy-i l r a n (Tehran, 1353 s h ) , p p . 1717-97

K U L A Y N ~ = Abii Ja 'far MuPammad b . Ya'qiib al-RZzi ( d . 3291941): A/ -KCF, ed. 'A. A. a l-Ghafcr i , Tehran, 1377-9 q

LEIDEN = Biblioteek Rijkauniversitat , Leiden Cotologus codicum Oriental ium, by R . P.A. Dozy and others , Leiden, 1851-77

LOS ANGELES = University Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhohi iy- i khortT-yi Diinishgiih-i Los Angeles, b y M.T. DZnishpazhiih, in Nashriyya-yi Ki t i ibkhi ina-yi Markaz7-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran dor bZiro-yi nuskhahi iy- i khaft7, XI-XI1 (Tehran , 1362 sh ) , pp. 1-772

MA'ARIF = KitZbkhZna-yi 'Umiimi-yi Ma'Zrif ( - KitZbkhina-yi Milli) , Tehran Catalogue: Fihr ist- i ku tu - i khatt7-yi Kit i ibkhiiana-yi 'Umiim7-yi Mo' i i r i f , by 'A. JawZhir Kalim, Tehran, 1934-5

McDERMOTT, Mil. J . : The Theology of 01-Shaykh a / -MuFd, Beirut, 1978

BIBLIOGRAPHY 229

MA'HAD = Ma'had al-DirZsit al-lslimiyya al- 'Ulyi ' , Baghdad Catalogue' 01-MokhJiitiit a l - 'Arab iyya fT Mo'hod 01-Diriisiit 01-lsliimiyya o l ' u l y i i ' , by g .A. al-'Ali , Baghdad, 1968

MAHDAW'~ = the private collection of A. Mahdawi, Tehran Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhahi iy- i khoJf7-yi k i t i ibkhi ina-yi khu$i i$T-y i D r . A$ghar Mohdaw7, by M.T. Diinishpazhiih, in Nashriyya-yi Kit i ib- KhZina-yi MarkozT-yi DZnishgiih-I Tehran dar bi i ra-yi nuskhahiiy-i khaff7, I1 (Tehran, 1962), pp . 59-181

M A ~ F U G , E ~ . * A . : - (1) N o E ' i s 01-makhtGriit o l ' A r a b i y y o F l r a n , in Majollot Mo'had

ol-Makhtiiyiit o l k ' i l r ab iyya , 111 (1957), pp . 3-78 - (11) A/-MokhfGtiit a / - 'A rab iyyo f i ' I ' l r i i q , in the above-mentioned

periodical, IV (19581, pp . 195-258

MAJJMAQANT , $. : Folsafat 01-tashr7' f i ' I - ls l i im, Beirut, 1961

MAEjUzi = SulaymZn b . 'Abd AllZh a i - ~ a ~ r Z n i ( d . 112111709-10): Al- 'Ashara a/-kl jmila, MS 3866, Majlis Library, Tehran

MAJLIS = Kitibkhina-yi Majlis, Tehran Cataloaue: Fihr is l - i Ki t i ibkhi ino-vi Mailis-i ShGriiv-i MiIlT. bv 'A. Fii'iri-and others , Tehran, 1305-57 sh

MAJLISi I = MuPammad Taqi b . Maqgiid 'Ali al-lgfahini ( d . 107011659-60): - LawZimit-i SiibibqorZinT, Tehran, 1331 q - Rawq'at a/-muttoqk , Tehran, 1393-9 q

M A J L I S ~ I1 = MuPammad Baqir b . MuPammad Taqi al-IgfahZni ( d . 11101 1 f i Q Q ) . ----, .

- * Bibi i r 01-anwZir, Tehran. 1376 a - ~ i F ' i i t ol-'uqGl; Tehran; 1321-i q - Soyr wa sulGk, MS 880, Mar'ashi Library, Qum (fols. 52a-56a) - ZFd 01-ma'Zid, Igfahin, 1311 q

MALIK = KitZbkhZna-yi Milli-yi Malik, Tehran Catalogue: Fihr is t - i k i t i ibhi iy- i khott7-yi KitZibkhiina-yi MillT-yi Mol ik, by A. Afshir and M.T. Dinishpazhiih, Tehran, 1352-61 sh

M A M A Q A N ~ = 'Abd Allih b . MuPammad @asan ( d . 135111932-3); - Miqbiis a/-hidZyo, Tehran, 1345 q - TonqTb a/-moqiil, Najaf, 1350-2 q

MANCHESTER = the John Rylands Library, Manchester Catalogue: Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts i n the John Rylands L i b r a r y , by A. Mingana, Manchester, 1934

M A Q R ~ Z T = Taqi al-Din-Abmad b . 'Ali ( d . 84511441-2): Ma'r i fo t m b y o j i b li-A1 01-Boyt a/-Nobow7 min a/-baqq 'o l i i man 'odi ihum, ed. M.A. 'Ashiir, Cairo, 1392 q

MAR'ASHT = KitZbkhina-yi 'Umiimi-yi . . . Mar'ashi, Qum Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhahi iy- i khoft7-yi Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi 'UmGmT-yi . . . Mar'ashT, by A. l$usayni, Qum, 1395 q -

A L M A S A ' I L A L - M U H A N N ~ ' I Y Y A = Aiwibot ol-masZi'i1 allot7 sa'olohii

230 A N INTRODUCTION TO S H I ' ~ LAW

Muhannii b . Siniin "on 01-'Alliima wa Fokhr a/-Mubaqqiq7n, MS 1474 Central Library, University of Tehran (fols. 79b-103b)

MASJID-I A'ZAM = Kitibkhina-yi Masjid-i A'gam, Qum

MASJID-I JAMI' = Kitibkhana-yi Masjid-i &mi', Tehran Catalogue: Fihrist-i nuskhohCiy-i khattT-yi Kitiibkhiina-yj Modrasa-yi Chihilsutiin-i Masjid-i Jiirnie-i Tehran, by R. Us t id i , in Ashnii'T bii chand nuskha-yi khatJT (Qum, 1396q), pp.305-88

MASHHAD, ADABIYYAT = Kitibkhina-yi Dinishkada-yi Adabiyyit wa 'Uliim-i Insini-yi Dinishgih-i Firdawsi, Mashhad Catalogue: Fihrist-i nuskhahiiy-i khajfT-yi Kitiibkhiina-yi Diinishkada- yi Adobiyyiit. . . , by M . Faail, Mashhad, 1976 -

MASHHAD, ILAHIYYAT = Kitibkhina-yi Danishkada-yi IlZhiyyZt wa Ma'arif-i Isliimi , Mashhad Catalogues: Fihrist-i nuskhahiiy-i khailT-yi Kitzbkhiina-yi Danishkada-yi Iliihiyyiit . . . , by M . FZdil, Mashhad, 1976 - (Microfilms) Fihrist-i mTkrufilmhiiy-i Kitiibkhiino-yi Diinishkado-yi lliihiyyiit . . . , by M . FZdil, in Nashriyyo-yi Diinishkado-yi IliihiyyCit wo ma'iirif-i 1sli;mT-yi Mashhad, XI1 (1974), pp. 193-234, XV (1975), pp.157-201

MATIJAF = Maktabat al-Matpaf al-'Iraqi, Baghdad Catalogue: Makhtiitiit Moktabat al-Matbaf a/-'IriiqT, by U . N . a1 Naqshbandi and'A.A. al-Qashtini, Baghdad, 1975 (Voi. 1)

MIFTAB = the private collection of IJ. Miftap, Tehran Catalogue: Fihrist-i nuskhohiiy-i khottT-yi Kitiibkhiina-yi Dr. uusoyn Mift*, by M.T. Dinishpazhiih, in Nahriyya-yi Kitiibkhiinnoyi Markazi- yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran dar biira-yi nuskhohiiy-i khattT, VII (Tehran, 1353 sh) , pp.95-511

MILL^ = KitZhkhZna-yi Milli , Tehran Catalogue: Fihrist-i nusakh-i khatiT-yi Kitiibkhiino-yi MIIF, by 'A. Anwir, Tehran, 1344-58 sh

MIQDAD = Jam51 al-Din MiqdZd b . 'Abd Allah al-Suyiiri al-rilli ( d . 8261 1423): A/-TanqTb 01-rii'i', MS 1725, Mar'ashi Library, Qum

M ~ R J J A M ~ D BUSAYN B. MUIJAMMAD QULf AL-LAKNAWT ( d . 130611888-9): 'AbaqFt a/-anwiir, translated into Arabic by 'Ali al-JJusayni al-MilZni, Qum, 1398 q (Vol. I)

M ~ R Z ~ JA'FAR = Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi Mirza Ja ' far , Mashhad Catalogue: Fihrist-i nuskhohoy-i khatt7-yi Kitiibkhiina-yi Modraso-yi Mii-zii Ja 'for, by 'A. Niirani and K.M. Shinachi , in Fihrist-i nuskhahiiy-i khotfi-yi chahiir kitiibkhiina-yi Mashhad, the f i rs t volume of Majmii'o-yi fihrist-i nuskhahiiy-i khacfT-yi kitiibkhiinahiiy-i shohrastiinhiiy-i Iron (Tehran, 1351 sh) , pp.25-43

MU'ALLIM = Mubamrnad 'Ali Mu'allim JJabibZbidi: Makiirim 01-iithiir , IgfahZn , 1337 sh -

MUDARRIS = Mupammad 'Ali b . Mupammad Tihir al-Tabrizi (d . 137311954):

BIBLIOGRAPHY 231

Roybiinat a/-odab, Tehran, Vol. 1, 1335 sh ; Vols. 2-6, 1328-33 sh

MUFiD = Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad b . Muhammad b . Nu'min al-Ba~hdiidi. - - -

Ibn al-Mu'allim (d . 41311i22): - A wii'll 01-moqiiloi, ed . 'A.W. Charandibi and F. al-Zanjini, Tabriz,

1364 q - A/-Fusiil al-mukhtiiro rnin a/-'Uviin wa '/-mahiisin. Naiaf, n .d . (2nd

edition) - 11-lfsiih fi 'I-irniirna, Naiaf, 1950 - A/-l l thi i j i i~, ed . M . M . i l - ~ h a r s i n , Najaf, 1971 - Jawiib ah1 01-Ub'ir tT mii sa'olii 'onh min sohw a/-NabT, Qum, 1398 q

(in 'Ali b . Muhammad al-'Amilils a/-Durr a/-hlonthGr. 1. ~0.111-20) . . A.

- A/-Masii'il a/-Siighiiniyya, Nsjaf, n . d . - Al-Masii'il a/-Sarawivvo. Qum.. n .d. ( in the collection of 'Iddot rasii'il ,, . .

li 'I-Shaykh 01-MuFd, pp. 207-232) a/-Masii'il or-'Ukborivva, MS 2313. Central Librarv. Universitv of ., . " . Tehran (fols. 58b-69b) Al-Radd 'olo o~b i ib a/-'odad, Qum, 1398 q (in 'Ali b . Mupammad al-'Amili's 01-Durr 01-Manthiir, I , pp. 122-34) Al-Tadhkira bi-ujiil a/-fiqh, Tabriz, 1322 q (in al-Karijaki's Konz a/-fawii'id, pp. 186-94) TajbTb 01-i'tiqiid, ed . 'A.W. Charanddab:, Tabriz, 1364 q (together with the author's A wii'il 01-maqiiliit)

MUBAMMAD AL-LMUL~ = Shams al-Din Mupammad b . Mapmiid (8thl14th century) : Nafci'is a/-funiin , Tehran, 1377-9 q

MUBAMMAD AL-ARDAB~L~ (d . 110111689-90): Jiimi' 01-ruwiit, Tehran, 1331 sh

MUBAMMAD BAQIR AL-$ADR: - Duriis tT 'ilm a/-uj5l , Beirut, 1978 - Al-Fatiiwii a/-wiidiw, Najaf, 1396 q

MUBAQQIQ = Najm al-Din Abu 'I-QZsim Ja'far b . Basan al-uilli (d. 67611277):

- Mo'iirij 01-uziil, Tehran, 1310 q - a/-Mu'tabar, Tehran, 1318 q - Nukat 01-Nihiiya, Tehran, 1276 q (in the collection of 01-JowCrni' ol-

fiqhiyyo, pp. 373-4101 - Sharii'i' 01-lsliim, Beirut, n .d .

M U N D H I R ~ = Zaki al-Din 'Abd al-'Acim b . 'Abd al-Qawi (d. 65611258): Mukhtasor sob70 Muslim, ed. M.N. al-Albini, Kuwait, 1969

MURTAPA = Abu 'I-Qasim 'Ali b . Busayn al-Miisawi , 'Alarn al-Hudi (d . 43611044):

- Al-DharT'z ilF ujiil 01-sharTCa, ed. A . Gurj i , Tehran, 1346-8 sh - Ibtiil a l 'amol bi-okhbiir 01-ZbCd, microfilm 1162, Central Library,

University of Tehran (fols. 142b-143a) - Al-IntijCr, Najaf, 1971 - Jowiibiit a/-rnasii'il a/-rnawsilivvo a/-thiilitha. the above-mentioned . ,,

microfilm (fols. 36-56a) - Jawiibzt al-rnosii'il 01-rnowgiliyyo 01-thCniyo, the above-mentioned

microfilm (fols. 31-5) - Jawiibzt 01-rnosii'il a/-Tabbiiniyyiit, microfilm 1255, Central Library,

University of Tehran

232 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

- Jawiibiit 01-masii'il 01-Tar i ibulusiyyi i t , microfilm 1162, Central Library, University of Tehran

- Al-Shi i f l , Tehran, 1302 q

MURTAPA A L - R A Z ~ = Jamil al-Din Abii 'Abd Allah Muhammad b . ausayn b . uasan (6thl l2th century): Tabgirat 01-'owiimm, ed . ' A . JJ i ' i r i , Tehran, n .d .

MUSHAR, Khinbiba: Fihr is t - i k i t i ibhi iy- i chiipT-yi 'Arab?, Tehran, 1344 q

MUSLIM = Abu '1-JJusayn Muslim b . JJajjij al-Qushayri al-Naysabiiri (d . 2611875): SohTI, Muslim, Cairo, 1290 q

MUTTAQf = 'Ali ' al-Din 'Ali b . UusXm al-Din al-Burhinpiiri ( d . 9751 1567): Konz a/- 'ummii l , tlyderabad, 1945-75

MUZAFFAR , Muhammad Riai : U$Zl a / - f i qh , Najaf, 1967

M U Z A = Miiza-yi Iran-i B i s t i n , Tehran Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhahi iy- i kho f r r - y i k i t i ibkhi ino-yi Miiza-yi I ron - i Bi ist i in, by M.T. Dinishpazhiih, in Nashr iyya-y i Ki t i ibkhi ino- y i MorkozT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran dor b i i ro-y i nuskhahi iy- i khaf lT , I1 (Tehran, 1962), pp.199-218

N H ' T N ~ = Mubarnmad Ijusayn b . 'Abd al-Rahim ( d . 135511936): Munyat a / - f i i l i b , a collection of al-Ni' ini 's lectures compiled by Miis: al-Najafi al-Khwansiri , Tehran, 1373 q

NAJAFi : Muhammad JJasan b . Mubarnmad Biq i r , Sahib al-Jawihir ( d . 126611850): Jawiihir 01-kaliim, ed. 'A. al-Qiichini and others, Najaf-Tehran, 1377-1401 q

N A J A S H ~ - Abu '1-'Abbis Ahmad b . 'A17 nl-Asadi al-gayrafi ( d . 4501 1058-9): RijCl 01-NojiishT, Tehran, 1337 sh

NASA'I = AbG 'Abd al-RaQmZn Ahmad b . 'Ali b . Shu'ayb ( d . 3031915): Sunon, Cairo, 1312 q

NASHRIYYA = Noshriyyo-yi Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi MarkorT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehron dor bi i ro-y i nuskhohi iy- i khat jT , Tehran, 1340 sh -

NASTR AL-DIN AL-TUST ( d . 67211274): Akhl i iq- i Niisir?, ed. M . Minuwi and 'A.R. uayda r i , Tehran, 1356 sh

N A W A D I R = Min nowiidir mokhfLiJiit Moktabat z y o t Al l i ih 01-flok?m 01-'zrnmo, Najaf, 1962

NAWWAB = Kitzbkhina-yi Madrasa-yi Nawwib , Mashhad Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhohi iy- i kha f f r - y i k i t i ibkh i ino-y i Modrosa-yi Nawwiib, by 'A. Niirini and K . M . Sh inachi , in Fihr is t - i nuskhohi iy- i kholJT-yi d u k i t i ibkhi ino-yi Moshhad, the second volume of Mojm;'a-yi f i h r i s t - i nuskhohi iy- i khoft7-yi k i t i ibkhi inohi iy i shahrosti inhiiy-i I r o n

BIBLIOGRAPHY 233

(Tehran, 1351 s h ) , pp.437-562

N U J U M ~ = the private collection of M. Nujiimi, Kirminshzh (Iran) Catalogue: MokhJEti i l moktabot 01-soyyid Murtog'z 01-NujLimT, by A . al-L<usayni, in his Do171 a/-mokl?l i i f i i t ( Q u m , 1397 q ) , pp. 214-97

N U ' M A N ~ = Abii 'Abd Allih Mubammad b . Ibrihim al-Kitib, Ibn Abi Zaynab (d . around 3501961): TofsTr 01-Nu'miinT, Tehran, 1387 q (in al-Majlisi 11's Bibi i r 01-onwiir, XCIII, pp.1-97)

N U R B A K I ~ S H = Kitibkhina-yi Niirbakhsh, Khiniqah-i Ni'mal Allihi , Tehran Catalogue: F ih r i s t - i nuskhohi iy- i khof lT-yi Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi N i i rbokhsh . . . , by I . Dib i j i , Tehran, 1970-3

NOR^ = JJusayn b . Muhammad Taqi ( d . 132011902): Mustadrok a/-Wasii ' i l , Tehran, 1382 q

~ H p i N U ' M A N = Abii JJanifa Nu'min b . Muhammad al-Tamimi al-Maghribi ( d . 3631974): Ikh t i l i i f u$Zl a/-modhzhib, ed. M . Ghilib, Beirut, 1973

QADIRIYYA = al-Maktabat al-Qidiriyya, Gmi' al-Shaykh 'Abd al-Qidir al-Gilini , Bagkdad Catalogue: a / -A lh i i r 01-khorfiyya f i ' I-Moktobot a/-Qi id i r iyyo . . . , by ' I . ' A . Ra'iif, Baghdad, 1974-7

QAFFAL : Sayf al-Din Muhammad b . Ahmad al-Shishi ( d . 50711113-14): f l i l ya t a/- 'u lomi i ' = 01-MustozhorT, ed . Y . A . I . Daridka, Beirut, 1980

QASTALLN~ = Shihib al-Din Alpad b . Mubarnmad al-Khatib ( d . 92311517): A/-Mawiihib 01-lodunniyyo, Cairo , 1325-8 q

QAWAM A L - D ~ N AL-WISHNAW~: flodTth a/- Thaqolayn , Cairo, 1374 q

Q U H P A ' ~ = 'Inayat Al1;lh b . 'Ali ( d . after 101611607-8): Majma' 01-ri j i i l , ed. p . al-'Allima, Igfahin, 1387 q

RApAWi = Kitibkhiina-yi Astin-i Quds-i Ragawi, Mashhad Catalogue: F ih r i s t - i ku tub- i Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi mubiiroko-yi j s t i i n - i Quds-i Rog'owT, Mashhad, 1305 sh -

RAQAWlYYA = Kitiibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi Raaawiyya, Qum Catalogue: F ih r i s t - i nuskhahi iy- i khoftT-yi Kitiibkhiinino-yi Madrosa-yi RaQ'owiyya, by 8. Mudarrisi Tab i t ab i ' i , Qum, 1355 sh

RAPT AL-DTN A L - Q A Z W ? N ~ ( d . 109611685): - Qiyii fat a / - ikhwi in , ed. A . al-JJusayni, Qum, 1397 q - TiirFkh-i mashZhTr-i lmi imiyya, MS 351411, Central Library, University

of Tehran (pp . 327-8)

R ~ H N I M ~ Y - I K I T A T , Persian periodical, Tehran, 1337-57 sh

RASHT = Kitabkhina-yi 'Umiimi-yi, Rasht Catalogue: F ih r i s t - i nuskhohi iy- i khoffT-yi k i t i ibkhi ina-yi Jomeiyyat- i Noshr-i Forhang- i shohr- i Rasht , by M . Rawshan, in the thrid volume

234 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

of Majmij'a-yi f ih r is t - i nuskhahiiy-i khoRT-yi kit i ibkhiinahiiy-i shahrostiinhiiy-i l ran (Tehran, 1351), pp. 1081-238

RAW AND^ = Qutb al-Din Sa'id b . Hibat Allih ( d . 57311178): Fiqh 01-Qur '?in , ed . A . al-gusayni , Qum , 1397-9 q

RAWPATI = the private collection of M . ' A . Rawoit i , IgfahZn Catalogue: Fihr ist- i kutub- i khaftT-yi kit i ibkhiinohiiy-i lgfahi in, by M.'A. Rawaxti, IgfahZn, 1377 q

R I Q ~ A L - Q A Z W ~ N ~ = Rigi b . Mubarnmad 'Ali al-Fiusayni (mid-l3thll9th century) : Al-Farq bayn 01-AkhbiiriyyTn wo 'I-Ugij l iyyTn, MS 3720, Mar'ashi Library, Qum

RlSALA FI ' L - T A H ~ R A WA ' L - S A L ~ T (belonging to the 12thl18th cen- t u r y ) , MS 30711, Gulpiyigini Library, Qum

$ A D ~ Q = Abii Ja'far Mubammad b . 'Ali al-Qummi, Ibn Bibawayh ( d . 3811 991-2) :

- ' I l o l 01-shari i ' i ' , ed. F . al-Tabitabi ' i al-Yazdi, Qum, 1377-8 q - Al- l ' t iq i id i i t , Tehran, 1379 q (together with al-Miqdid's a/-No%'' yawm

a/-bashr IT sharb 01-biib ooibiidTeashr, pp. 66-115) - * M a n 15 yab(iuruh a/-faqTh, ed. V . M . al-Kharsin, Najaf, 1957 - Al-Muqni ' , ed . M . Wi'ivzida, Tehran, 1377 q - Al-TowbTd, ed . H.U. al-'fihrini, Tehran, 1387 q

~ A F A ' ~ , A . : Hishiim b . a/-Vakom, Tehran, 1342 sh

QAFFAR = Abii Ja'far Murammad b . Jjasan b . Farrukh alkQummi ( d . 2901 902-3): Bogii ' ir a / -dora j i i l , ed . M . Kiichabighi, Tabriz, 1381 q

~ A ~ I B A L - D H A R ~ 'A = Maktabat gibib al-Dhari 'a al-'Amma, Najaf

~ A ~ I B AL-MA'ALIM = uasan b . Zayn al-Din al-'Amili ( d . 101111602): Ma'iilim a/-dTn , Tehran, n . d .

Q A ~ I B AL-MADARIK = Mubammad b . 'Ali al-Miisawi ai-'Zmili ( d . 10091 1600):

- Hidiiyot a / - f i i l ib in , MS 4641, Majlis Library, Tehran - * Madiirik 01-abkiim, Tehran, 1322 q

SALLAR = AbG Ya'lZ Jjamza b . 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Daylami ( d . 44811056-7): Al-Mariisim, ed . M . al-BustZni , Beirut, 1980

SALT AN AT^ = Kitibkhina-yi Saltanati , Tehran Catalogue: Fihr ist- i kutub- i cfnT wa madhhob7-yi khattT-yi Ki t i ib- khiino-yi Sal~anatT, by Badri AtZbiy, Tehran, 1352 sh

SAMAHTJT = 'Abd AllXh b . QZlil) al-Babrini ( d . 113511723): Munyot a/-mumiirisi i , , MS 1916127, Majlis Library, Tehran

SARYAZDT = KitZbkhina-yi Saryazdi, Madrasa-yi Khin, Yazd Catalogue: [F ihr is t - i nuskhahiiy-i khal tT-yi ] Kit i ibkhiina-yi SoryordT, by M.T. Danishpazhiih, inNashr iyya-y i Ki t i ibkhi ina-yi MorkazT-yi Diinishgiih-i Tehran dar biira-yi nuskhahiiy-i kharr7, IV (Tehran, 19661,

BIBLIOGRAPHY 235

pp. 417-32

S H A H ~ D I = Shams al-Din Mubammad b . Makki al-'mili ( d . 78611384): - Dhik r i i a/-ShT'o, Tehran, 1271 q - Al-Duri js 01-shar'iyya, Tehran, 1269 q - Al-Qawii'id wa ' lFfaw5'id. Tehran, 1308 q

S H A H ~ D I1 = Zayn al-Dig b . 'AIi b . Ahmad al-'Amili ( d . 96611559): - A/-Dir i iya, ed . M.J. A1 IbrZhim, Najaf, n .d . - Maslilik a/-afhiim, Tehran, 1273 q - Al-Rawg'a a/ -bahiyyo, Najaf, 1386-90 q

S H A H R A S T ~ N H ~ = Majmij'a-yi f ih r is t - i nuskhohiiy-i khaj t7-yi k i t i i b k h k a - hiiy-i shahrosti inhiiy-i l r a n , Tehran, 1351-3 sh

S H A H R A S T ~ N ~ = Abu '1-Fatb Mubammad b . 'Abd al-Karim ( d . 54811153); Al-Milo1 wa ' I -n iba l , ed. A .M. a lb ' id , Cairo, 1977

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SHARU QATRA T AL-BAVRAYN (early l l t h l l 7 t h century) , MS 1843, Mar'ashi Library, Qum

S H A R ~ F A L - J U R J ~ N T (d 81611413): Sharb 01-Mawiiqif, Constantinople, 1286 q

S H ~ T I B ~ = Abii IsbZq Ibrihim b . Miisi al-Gharniti ( d . 79011388): A/-Muwiifoqiit, Cairo, 1344 q

SHAYKH = AbG Ja ' fa r Mgbammad b . uasan al-Tiisi ( d . 46011067): - Al-F ihr is t . ed. M.S. A1 Bahr alk'uliirn. Naiaf. 1937 . , . - A / - ~ h a ~ b a ' , ~ a b r i i , 1323 q' - Al- lst ibsi i r , ed . B . M . al-Kharsin, Najaf, 1375-6 q - TahdhTb a/-abkiim, e d . H M . al-KharsZn, Najaf, 1958-62 - 'Uddat 01-usiil, Tehran, 1314 q

S H ~ R A Z ~ = Maktabat Madrasat al-Shirizi , SZmarri' ( I raq)

SHUBBAR = 'Abd Allih b . Mubammad Riai 31-Jjusayni ( d . 124211826): Bughyat a/-&ilibTn, MS 3972, Majlis Library, Tehran

SINK = KitibkhZna-yi Majlis-i S in i , Tehran Catalogue: Fihr is t - i k i t i ibhi iy- i kha j j i - y i Ki t i ibkhi ino-yi Majlis-i Sing, by M.T. Dinishpazhiih and B. 'Ilmi AnwZri, Tehran, 1356-9 sh

SIPAHSALAR = Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi Sipahsilir, Tehran Catalogue: Fihr is t - i KitZibkhiina-yi Madraso-yi ' AT -y i Sipohsii l i ir, by Ibn Yiisuf Shi r iz i and others , Tehran, 1315-56 sh

S U L A Y M ~ N KHAN = Kitibkhina-yi Madrasa-yi SulaymZn Khan, Mashhad Catalogue: Fhr is t - i nuskhahiiy-i khottT-yi Kit i ibkhiina-yi Madrasa-yi Suloyrniin Khi in , by 'A. NiirZni and K . M . ShZnachi, in Fihr ist- i nuskhahciy-i khattT-yi chahiir k i t i ibkhi ina-yi Mashhad, the first volume of Majmir'a-yi f ih r is t - i nuskhahiiy-i khaj jT-yi kit i ibkhiinahiiy-i shohrosti inhiiy-i I ron (Tehran, 1351 s h ) , pp. 1-24

236 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHT'T LAW

S U Y ~ T ~ = Jalil al-Din 'Abd al-Rabmin b . Abi Bakr ( d . 91111505): /by?' a i -mayt, Najaf, n . d .

TABARANT = Abu '1-QZsim Sulaymin b . AQmad b . AyyZb ( d . 3601970-1): Al-Mu'jam ai-gaghTr, ed . ' A . M . 'Uthmin, Madina, 1968

T A B R I S ~ = AbE 'Ali Fadl b . ljasan, Amin al-IslXm ( d . 54811154): Majma' a / -bay i in , Tehran, 1379-82 q

T A B R ~ Z , MILL^ = KitZbkhana-yi Milli, Tabriz Catalogue: Fihr is t - i Ki t i ibkhi ina-yi MiilT-yi TabrTz, by W . Sayyid YZnusi , Tabriz, 1345 sh

T A ~ T \ w ~ = AbE Ja'far Ahmad b . Muhammad al-Azdi ( d . 3211933): Mushki l a / - i i t h i i r , Hyderabad, 1333 q

TAVTAWT = Abmad b . Mubarnmad b . Ismi'il ( d . 123111816): t l zsh iyat 01-Durr ai-mukhti ir, Cairo, 1254 q

TARBIYAT = KitZbkhina-yi Tarbiyat , Tabriz Catalogue: F ih r i s t - i Ki tabkhi ina-yi DawlatT-yi T a r b i y a t , by M . Nakhjawani , Tabriz, 1329 sh

TIRMIDHT = A ~ Z ' i s i Muhammad b . ' T s i al-sulami ( d . 2791892-3): Sunan, Beirut, 1394 q

TOPKAPl SERAYI = Topkapi Serayi Miizesi Kiitiiphanesi, Istanbul Catalogue: Arapca yazmalar kataioGu, by F . E . Karatay, Istanbul, 1964

TU'MA. S .H. : I M a k h t ~ j 5 t Karbal i i ' , Najaf, 1973 - Khazci'in k u t u b Karbali i ' a/-bi ip' ira, Najaf, 1977

T U N U K A B U N T = Mubammad b . Sulaymin ( d . 130211884-5): Qigag a l ' u l a m i i ' , Tehran, n . d .

T U R A Y ~ ~ T = Fakhr al-Din b . Muhammad 'Ali ( d . 108511674-5) Jiimi' ai-maqii l , Tehran, 1374 q

T U S T A R ~ , Mubammad Taqi - QiimEs 01-ri j i i l , Tahran, 1379 q - - Risiilo ,iT sahw 01-NabT, Tehran, 1349 sh (together with Vol. 11 of the

author's Qiimimus a / - r i j i i l )

TUSTARIYYA = Maktabat al-Ijusayniyya al-Tustariyya, Najaf Catalogue: Fihr is t - i nuskhahi iy- i khattT-yi Ki t i ibkhi ina-yi uusayn iyya- y i Shi ishtarThi i , by A . IsmZ'iliyZn and R. Us t id i , in Nashr iyya-y i Ki t i ibkhi ina-yi Markazi-y i Diinishgiih-i Tehran dar b i i ra-y i nuskhahi iy- i khaLyT, XI-XI1 (Tehran, 1362 s h ) , pp. 787-879

USTADT = the ~ r i v a t e collection of R. UstZdi, Qum (now in Mara'ashi Library, Q&) Catalogue: $ad wa s h a j t nuskha-y i k h a t f i a z yak kitcibkhiina-yi shakhg i , by R. Ust id i , Qum, 1354 sh

VATICAN = Biblioteca Vaticana Catalogue: Elenco munscr i t t arabi lslamici della Bibl ioteca Vaticana, by G . Levi della vida, Rome, 1935-65

BIBLIOGRAPHY 237

WAJ~TD, Perisan periodical,Tehran, 1342-59 sh

W A Z ~ RT = Kitibkhina-yi Waziri, Yazd Catalobue: F ih r i s t - i n u s k h a h a - i kha t f r - y i Ki t i ibkhi ina-yi WarTrT, by M . ShirwZni , Tehran, 1350 sh -

Y ~ D N ~ M A - Y i SHAYKH-I T%T, ed. M . WZeizzida, Mashhad, 1972-6

YAVYT\ AL-BAIJRANT = Sharaf al-Din YaQyi b . ljusayn b . 'Ashira al-Mufti ( d . after 96711553-60): Risiila tT m a ' r ~ f a t mashci'ikh 01-ShT'a, ed . M .T . Danishpazhiih, in Majalla-yi Diinishkada-yi Adabiyy i i t - i TabrTz, X I X (1345 s h ) , pp.306-19

Y A U Y A B. SA'TD = Najib al-DTn YabyZ b . Ahmad b . Sa'id al-Hudhali al-Villi ( d . '68911290) : ~ u i h a t 01-niizir, ed . A . al-ljusayni and N . a l -Wi ' i~ i , Najaf, 1386 q

ZANJAN = the private collection of 'Izz al-Din al-ljusayni, ZanjZn Catalogue: MakhtiiJcit maktabat imiim 01-Jum'a, by A . al-ljusayni, in his DalTl a/-makht i i f i i t (Qum, 1397 q) , pp. 88-170

Z A N J L N ~ = the private collection of A . Zanjini, Qum Catalogue: F ih r i s t - i nuskhahciy-i kha f t r - y i k l t i ibkhi ina-yi s h a k h ~ T - y i . , . ZanjcinT, by R. UstZdi and l j . Mudarisi TabZJabi'i, in l s h n i i ' i b i i chand nuskha-yi khaj fT (Qum, 1396 q ) , pp. 155-304

ZARQA', M . A . : A/-Madkhal a/-f iqhT a l ' i i m m , Damascus, 1959

Z U ~ ~ A Y L ~ , W.: A/-WasTf , Damascus, 1969

Index

S p e c i a l a b b r e v i a t i o n :

M. = Muhammad

1 - AUTHORS

' A b b i s Abi i T u r i b i 158 ' A b b i s ' A l i a l -KazzZzi 170 ' A b b i s a l - J a g i n i 69 ' A b b i s a l - Q a z w i n i 75 ' A b b a s a l - T i i n i 135 ' A b d al - 'Al i a l - H a r a n d i 173, 207 ' A b d a l - 'A l i a l - f i p a l a q i 123,

133 , 146 ' A b d a l - ' i l i a l - K a r a k i 51. 66.

71 , 1 2 0 , 135 , 213 ' A b d a lkqA1i a l - R a s h t i 68 ' A b d Allah a l - A f a n d i 177 ' A b d AllZh b . ' A l i b i b i 88 ' A b d A l l i h a l - H a z i r j a r i b i 82 ' A b d A l l i h a l - J a z i ' i r i 8 6 , 8 7 ,

109 ' A b d Allah b . Kha l i l 204, 205 ' A b d A l l i h a l - K i r m i n s h Z h i 82 .

127 , 183 , 189 , 194, 201, 210 ' A b d AllZh a l -Mamaoin i 70.

112-13, 118 , 121,- 128, i 5 4 , 159 , 169 , 173 , 174 , 194 , 197 , 209, 214

' A b d Al lah a l -MZzandar in i 156 ' A b d Al lah a l - s a y m a r i 162 ' A b d A l l i h S h u b b a r 8 7 , 98 ' A b d A l l i h a l - T i i n i 8 , 147 ' A b d Allah a l - T u s t a r i 51, 8 5 , 96,

1 0 6 , 126 , 133 , 143, 145, 146, 154 , 162 , 163 , 166, 182, 183 , 195 , 198

' A b d al - 'Aqim b . M. Ma'sGm 206 ' A b d al- 'Aziz b . a l - B a r r i j 43,

63, 1 2 1 ' A b d a l - G h a n i 83 ' A b d a l - G h a n i a l - K i s h m i r i 67 ' A b d a l - H i d i a l -Dil i jZni 135 ' A b d a l -Hi id i a l - S h i r i z i 157, 193 ' A b d a l - H a s i b al- 'Xmili 122. 206 ' A b d al-6ayy a l - J u r j i n i 133,

135 , 204 ' A b d a l - H u s a y n al-A'sam 68 ' A b d a l - g u s a y n a l - A g b a g h i 88 ' A b d a l - g u s a y n al - 'Agi 81 ' A b d a l - g u s a y n a l - B a r a g h i n i

72. 74

' A b d al-JJusayn a l - g i l l i 122 ' A b d a l - g u s a y n a l -Kiq imi 135 ' A b d a l - g u s a y n a l - Q a z w i n i 69 ' A b d a l - a u s a y n a l - T i h r i n i 196 ' A b d al -Karim a l - g i ' i r i 11 , 58 ,

138 , 186 ' A b d al-Karim a l - i r a w i n i 9 1 ' A b d al-Karim a l - J u r j i n i 77 ' A b d al -Karim a l - Q a z w i n i 177 ' A b d al -Karim a l - T a b a s i 199 ' A b d al-Malik b . F a t h a n 72 , 209 ' A b d a l - N a b i a l -BaQrZni 191 ' A b d a l - N a b i a l - J a z i ' i r i 5 3 , 7 1 ' A b d a l - N a b i a l - Q a z w i n i 1 5 1 ' A b d a l - Q i d i r a l - M i z a n d a r i n i 82 ' A b d a l - R a b m i n a l - ' A t i ' i q i 7 1 ' A b d al -RaQmin a l - Q a z w i n i 68 ' A b d a l -Rap im b . Ma'r i i f 95 ' A b d al -Rabim a l - Q a z w i n i 68 ' A b d a l - R a s h i d a l - T u s t a r i 89 ' A b d al-Rasiil a l - F i r i i z k i i h i 120 ,

131 , 169, 190 ' A b d a l -Sah ib a l -NarZqi 118 ' A b d al -Sal im a l - A n g i r i 72, 206 ' A b d al -Samad a l - H a m a d i n i 66 ,

6 8 , 97, 175 ' A b d al -$amad a l - T a b r i z i 67 ' A b d a l -Wahhib a l - B a r a g h i n i 87 ' A b d al-WahhZb a l -Maba l l i t i 69 ' A b d al -Wihid a l - D a r i r 155 Al -Abi 58 , 7 0 ' A b i d B u s a v n a l - A n s a r i 67 AbG ' ~ b d Allah a l - i n g i r i 1 3 1 Abi i ' A l i a l - g i ' i r i 98 A b u ' I -Fat4 a l - S h a r i f i 115 A b u '1-gasan a l - A b i w a r d i 204,

214 A b u '1-Hasan a l - A n g a j i 142 A b u '1-gasan a l - F u t i i n i 8 6 , 191 A b u '1 -gasan a l - I g f a n i n i 58 , 94,

i nn +""

A b u '1-Flasan b M. Kiqim 168 A b u ' I - a a s a n al-Miisawi 100 A b u '1-JJasan a l - S h a h r a s t i n i 90 A b u '1-IJasan a l - T u n u k i b u n i 68 A b u '1-Ma'ali a l - A s t a r a b i d i 134 A b u '1-Majd a i - I g f a h a n i 1 1 , 9 3 ,

131 , 176

INDEX O F AUTHORS 241

A b u '1FMakZrim al-ZanjZni 131 208, 209, 213 A b u '1-QZsim b . ' A b b i s 87 ' A l i b . ' A b d al -GhaffZr 69 A b u '1-QZsim a l - G u l p i y i g i n i 114 ' A l i b . ' A b d al -$amad al- 'Amili

136 132 ... A b u '1-Qisim a l - g u s a y n i 174 ,

186 ' A l i b . A h m a d b . A b i &mi' 74 'A17 A k b a r b . ' A l i 82 -

A b u '1-QZsim a l - I s h k a w a r i 176 ' A l i A k b a r a l - K h w Z n s i r i 72 , 135 A b u ' I -Qis im a l - K a l i n t a r i al- ' A l i A k b a r a l - Q a z w i n i 92 , 114 ,

~ i h r g n i 1 1 , 207 127 , 211 A b u '1-Qisim a l F K h w i n s 5 r i 155, 'A l i Al B a b r alkeUliim 66 , 140 ,

156 A b u '1-Qisim a l -Kuj i i r i 171 A b u 'I-Qisim al-LZhii r i 200 A b u '1-Qisim al-Miisawi 161 A b u '1-Qisim a l - N a r Z a i 184 A b u ' 1 - ~ i s i m a l - ~ a z d i f 67 Abi l TZlib a l - F i n d i r i s k i 8 1 A b b T i l i b a l - H a m a d i n i 99 AbG TZlib a l - Q i ' i n i 156 , 178 ,

18j Abi i TZlib a l -Qummi 137 Abii T i l i b a l -Ta j l i l 178 Abi i TZlib a l - Z a n j i n i 166 Abi i T u r i b a l - K h w Z n s i r i 93 Abi i T u r Z b a l - Q a z w i n i 90 Abi i Ya'lZ 102 AQnird a l - A h s i ' i 75 A h m a d b . ' A l i M u k h t i r al-

G u l p i y i g i n i 71 , 157 , 171 , 183, 197

A h m a d a l k e A m i l i 129. 184

Ahmad b . I b r i h i m b . ' i s i al- B a h r Z n i 194

Ai -AkhbZr i l i 3 , 157, '160, ' 165 , 168 , 170 , 174, 201

' A l i ' B u r h i n a l - T a b r i z i 96 'AlZ' al-Mulk F i d i l K h a n 139 Al B a h r al-'Uliim 112, 118, 168,

171 , 179 , 180 , 182, 185 , 192,

208 ' A l i b . 'A l i b . J Jusayn alhC.%mili

6 6- ' A l i A1 K i s h i f al-Ghifa' 68 , 111,

168 , 179 A a l - ' A l v i r i 83 . 140. 162 ' A l i al-Ang;ri 133 ' A l i a l - A ' r a i i 83 ' A l i a l - B a b r i n i 186 ' A l i a l - B a r a e h Z n i 66 ' A l i a l -Huri iyini 93 ' A l i a l - D u z d a r i 69 ' A l i a l - G h a r a w i 124 ' A l i b . Hilal a l - J a z i ' i r i 50, 73 ' A l i a l - H u s a y n i a l - A s t a r i b Z d i

135 ' A l i a l - H u s a v n i a l - M i l i n i 178. 212

'Al i a l - K a n i 174 , 211 'Al i a l - K a r b a l i ' i 114 , 199 'Al i a l - K h a t t i 204 'Al i a l - ~ h w i n s i r i 69 'A l i al-KhwZtiinZbZdi 69 ' A l i a l - M a q i b i 144 ' A l i a l -Mays i 134 ' A l i a l -MZzra ' i 104 ' A l i a l - M i u s h i r 172 ' A l i b . Muhammad 189 ' A l i b . M. al- 'Amili 67 , 74 , 8 1 ,

133 , 175 ' A l i Mubammad a l - H u s a y n i 69 ' A l i a l -Muhammadi 157 ' A l i b . M . ' ~ a ' f a r a l - A s t a r i b i d i

75, 77 , 90 ' A l i b . Mu'pyi & D i n al-Tami'i

' A l i a l - N a k w a n d i 11 'Al i N a q i a l -Kamara ' i 142 , 188 'Al i N a q i a l - T a b i t a b Z ' i 69 , 78 'A l i Nacti a l - T a b r i z i 207 'Al i a l - Q i r p i i z i b a d i 74 , 173, 199 ' A l i Ria: a l -Ta ja l l i 147 ' A l i a l - S i ' i z h 71 'Al i a l - i iw{i 99 ' A l i a l - S h a h r a s t i n i 138 , 141,

171 , 188

242 AN INTRODUCTION TO SHi'i LAW

'Ali al-Shiilastini 138 Dhu '1-Majdayn 75 'Ali al-Tihrini 6 9 , 76 QiyZ' al-Din al-A'ralT 73 'Ali al-Tustari 99 p iy i ' al-Din albCAriqi 9 , 1 1 , 58, 'Ali al-'UsfGr? 151 94 , 121 , 141 , 212, 213 'A17 al-Yazdi al-Mudarris 72 Qiyi ' al-Din al-gusayni 133 'Ali al-Zawiri 134 Qiyi' al-Din al-Jurjini 95 'Ali b . Zayn alF'Abidin 69 Qiyi ' al-Din al-Mareashi 84 A1-'Allima 8 , 23, 47-9, 70-6,

1 0 3 , 152, 204 Amin al-Astaribidi 52, 5 4 , 129 F Amin al-Islim al-Tabrisi 45, 114 Amin al-TunT 149 Al-Faail al-Hindi 51, 71, 8 8 , 109, Amjad Jjusayn All ihibidi 83 149 , 165 A1-Ansiri 9 , 1 1 , 57 , 99 , 112, A1-Fioil al-Jawid 116 , 135

118 , 124, 137 , 154 , 156 , 157 , A1-Fieil al-Miqdid = al-Miqdid 1 5 8 , 160 , 174 , 183 , 184 , 185, Fadl Allah al-Astaribidi 104 189 , 192 , 197 , 202, 203, 207. Fakhr &Din al-Musawi 81

A q i al-Darbandi 90 Al-Ardabili 51-3. 83. 95. 115. . .

164 , 177 , 199 Asad Allah al-Shafti 69, 130 Al-iishtiyini 1 1 , 112 , 118, 131,

141 , 144 , 153, 211 'At;' Allih al-Amuli 186 AwEang Zib al-QijZr 66 'Aziz Allih al-Khalkhili 132

Badr al-Din al-Naysibiiri 150 Bahi ' al-Din al-'Amili 51 , 71,

74 , 8 5 , 96 , 106. 117. 122.

Bahi ' al-Din al-Mashriqi 147 Babr al-'Uliim 56, 89-96, 156 ,

165 , 201 Al-Balighi 121 , 131 , 132 , 141,

170 , 171 , 174 Banda tiusavn al-Naaawi 200 Biyazid a l - T h ~ n i 125, 138 , 145 Al-Bihbahini 9 , 55, 56 , 8 1 , 8 3 ,

8 4 , 8 5 , 8 6 , 8 7 , 8 9 , 97 , 110, 120 , 124 , 130, 151 , 161, 169, 170 , 180. 189

-

Fakhr al-Din al-Nariqi 74 , 92 Fakhr &Din ai-Sabi'i 132 , 204 Fakhr al-Din al-Turaybi 66, 123 Fakhr alkMu4aqqiqin 48 , 49, 76 ,

103 , 119, 152 , 163 Fat t ib ai-Shahidi 118, 174 , 214 Al-Fay@ 5 , 1 6 , 1 8 , 5 2 , 55 , 86-7,

128 , 148, 153, 182 , 188 Fay@ Allah al-Tafrishi 136 Fays k3usayn 75 FayyZQ al-Zanlini 158 , 182

G

GhulZm JJusayn al-Darbandi 92

H

I.1abib Allih al-KishZni 6 6 , 92 , 118

Hidi al-Kirminshihi 69 Hid7 al-Tihrini 1 1 , 93 , 112 , 118,

157 , 176 , 179 , 181 , 192, 208 Ijifig al-Kishini 172 A1-Bakim 58 , 92 , 94 , 174 Al-JJalabi 1 3 , 43, 63 Bimid al-Budali' 107 IIZrin al-Jazi ' iri 122 JJasan b . 'Abd al-GhaffZr 134 Basan b . 'Ali al-JJusayni 100 Ijasan 'Ali al-Tihrini 157 Basan 'Ali al-'l'ustari 8 5 , 147 JJasan iil Kashif al-Ghiti' 57, 91 ,

93 , 98 , 171 , 207, 210 JJasan al-A'raji 69 JJasan al-BujnGrdi 119 JJasan b . Ghiyith alkAstaribidi

134-5 Basan al-Gilini 185

INDEX

JJasan al-JJi'iri al-Yazdi 98 Jjasan b . al-Jjusim 77 Basan al-TJusayni 208 Basan al-Jjusayni al-Gilini 8 3 JJasan al-JJusayni al-KZshini 70

83 Jjasan Isfandiyiri 73 Basan b . I smie i l al-Qummi 118 Jjasan al-Karaki 146 , 170 JJasan b . M . al-Astaribidi 115 Basan al-Najmibidi 153 , 160 ,

178 JJasan b . Rishid al-Villi 132 Basan al-$adr 131 Flasan al-Yazdi al-Mudarris 68 &shim 167 Hishim al-LIusayni 128 JJaydar 'Ali al-Shirwini 8 1 ,

153 , 155, 165 , 167 , 169 Hidayat Allih al-Qummi 110 Al-Burr al-'Amili 5 , 55, 8 7 ,

156. 170. 201. 206 -

Busayn b . 'Abd al-$amad 51 , 52 , 71, 75 , 106, 120, 122 , 133, 139 , 146 , 1 7 7 , 197 , 212

JJusayn al-Ardabili 95 Jjusayn al-A'sam 68 Busayn b . Abi '1-Qisim

al-Khwinsiri 8 2 , 130 Busayn 'Ali al-Muntagiri 1 1 ,

152. 158. 215

JJusayn al-Dimghini 135 Jjusayn al-Darb Imimi 211 JJusayu al-Hamadini 75 Jjusayn b . JJaydar al-Karaki 162 JJusayn al-Villi 113 JJusayn al-Karaki 1 8 1 Husavn a l - ~ h w i n s i r i 51. 8 7 ,

1;7, 158, 169 JJusayn b . M . al-JJusayni 166 JJusayn al-Naqawi 137 JJusayn al-Qazwini 67 , 71 , 8 2 ,

128 , 130 , 141, 142 175 , 189 , 195

Husavn Quli al-Hamadini 153 , . I;,, i 8 1 , 211 Jjusayn al-$aymari 67 , 166 , 172 JJusayn al-Tabasi 199 Husavn al-Uwili 135

I

Ibn Abi Jumhiir 117,119, 132, 134

AUTHORS 243

Ibn Abi '1-Majd 45, 64 Ibn al-Barrii 43. 63. 121 Ibn Diwiid ai-villi 6'5, 76 , 103 Ibn Fahd 50, 78-9, 104 , 119, 128 ,

133, 152 , 162 , 163, 187 Ibn Fahd al-Absi'i 79 Ibn Hamza 45 . -65 Ibn ki l i l 50, i 3 Ibn Idris 38. 46. 6 5 . 102 Ibn al-~utawwij 4 9 , '73, 78 , 204 Ibn al-Naiiir 73 Ibn Najm al- in 103 Ibn Shahrishub 45, 46, 102 Ibn Tawq al-Babrini 111, 117,

120 , 127 , 138 , 144, 145, 167, 196 , 208

Ibn Tayy 79 , 172 Ibn Zuhra 8 , 46, 65 Ibrihim al-Dizfiili 89 IbrZhim al-Kaf'ami 159 lbr ihim Khalifa Sultan 8 1 , 84 Ibriihim al-Lihiji 68 IbrZhim b . Layth al-LIusayni 134 lbriihim al-Qazwini 9 , 68 IbrZhim al-Shirszi 82 Ibriihim al-Warriq 114 'Imad al-Tabari 45, 95 'ImZd al-Din Yiisuf 146 'Iniyat Allih b . Abi '1kFatb 207 ' Iniyat Allah al-Liirijini 90 ~1 -Trawin i 121 , 141 , 171, 174 Ismi'il al-Hazirjaribi 82 Ismi'il al-Marandi 92 Ismi'il al-Niiri 93 Isma'il al-Urmawi 75 'Izz &Din al-Amuli 186 'Izz &Din Babr alb'Uliim 113

J

Ja'far al-JJuwayzi 8 1 , 86 J a c k al-Khwinsiri 155 Ja'far al-Sabzawiri 69 Ja'far al-Subbani 12 Ja ' far Quli b . 'Abd al-'Ali 173 Ja'far al-Zahdazi 67 Jam3 al-Din al-Khwinsiri 5 1 ,

1 0 7 , 149 , 169 , 198 Jamil al-Din al-Musawi 66 , 69 , 90 Jamil al-Din b . al-Najjar 73 Jamil al-Din al-Natanzi 206 Jawid al-'Amili 56 , 90 Jawid al-Karaki 7 1 Jawid al-Maysi 67, 133 Jawld al-NaiaE 8 3

244 AN INTRODUCTION T O SHi 'T LAW

K Mabmiid a l -Naiaf i a l - K i s h i n i 11 2

INDEX OF AUTHORS 245

M. b . 'Al i b . KhwZti in al- 'Amili M. a a s a n a l - B a r a g h i n i 72 M. IJasan a l - B i r f u r i i s h i 8 3 M. JJasan a l - H a r a w i 88 M . l j a s a n a l - K h u r i s Z n i 110 M. JJasan al-NTamaqini 94 , 174 M. l j a s a n b . M. T a q i 211 M. JJasan al -Mugaffar 74 M. a a s a n a l - N i i r b a k h s h i 110 M. JJasan a l - Q a z w i n i 88 M. JJasan al -Qummi 123 M. f i a s a n a l - S h i r i z i 57 , 118 M. b . L*asan a l - T a b r i z i 131 M. Hiishim a l - K h u r Z s i n i 140 ,

173 , 180 , 193, 208 M. IIZshim a l - K h w i n s i r i 130 , 160 M. H i s h i m a l -Tas i i j i 70 M. al-IJujja a l -Ki ihkamar i 178 M. J Jusayn i i l K i s h i f al-Ghifa'

96 , 133 1M. ' A l i a l - M a r ' a s h i 180 M. 'Al i a l - M a s j i d s h i h i 178 M. ' A l i a l -MZzandarZni 68 M. h . 'A l i b . Mu'min 66

K a m i l a l - D i n a l - A s t a r i b i d i 115

---

Ma4miid a l - ~ h i h r i i d i 166 Mabmiid a l - S h i i l a s t i n i 139 Al -Mlb i i z i 55, 71, 125, 129 , 136 ,

138, 144 Mij id a l - B a b r i n i 123 Kaj id a l - J Jusayn i a l - B a b r Z n i 175 Mi j i s a l - S h a y b i n i 168 , 177 , 178 ,

190, 200 Al-Majlisi 1 54, 96 ,107 , 164, 1 9 1 Al-Majlisi I1 5 , 5 2 , 54 , 9 7 , 107-8,

124, 136 , 138 , 148 , 153, 164, 1 6 9 , 187 , 191 , 196 , 198, 214

Malik M. a l - T i i n i 116 A l - M a r i g h i 117, 173 Mashk i i r a l - IJawliwi 185 M a s i p a l - T i h r Z n i 66 , 74, 78 , 82 Mas ' i id a l - B i h b a h i n i 125 Al-Maysi 71 , 134 , 135 A1-Miqdid 1 5 , 38 , 49, 78 , 115 ,

116

M. 'A l i a l -Ni i r i 72 M. 'A l i a l - Q a r i c h a d i g h i 8 3 176 , 179, 188, 190, 193, 195 ,

203, 204, 213 K i s h i f a l - G h i t i ' 56. 91. 97. 117.

M. ' A l i a l - ~ a d a w i 70; 8 2 , 209 M. b . 'Al i a l -Radawi 78 M. ' A l i a l - S h a f t i 6 9 , 78 , 142 , 197 M. ' A l i a l - S i r k i n i 64 M. 'Al i a l - T a b r i z i a l -Mudar r i s

7 5

124, 127 , i z 8 , 130, i 4 2 , ' 1 6 0 , ' 1 6 7 , 173

Kha la f a l - B a h r Z n i 188 Khalaf a l - J J i i i r i 68 K h i l i d - S a y y i d M i r z i 115 Kha l i l a l - Q a z w i n i 55, 147 K h i d r a l k e A f k Z w i 77. 99

. " M. 'Al i a l - T a w h i d i 174 M. ' A l i a l - ~ a z d i 99 M. ' A l i a l -YiizbZshi 112

A I - ~ h u ' i 1 1 , 58 , 142 , 174 , 212 ,

A l - K h u m a y n i 1 2 , 1 1 9 , 125, 154 ,

A l - K h u r i s i n i 9 .

113 M. U u s a y n a l k e A r a b al-DZmid 70 M. I j u s a y n a l - B a s t i m i 133 M. a l - k l u s a y n i 136 M. a l - H u s a y n i a l -LZhij i 108 M. a l - l j u s a y n i a l -Qummi 110 M. f i u s a y n a l - l p f a h i n i 9 , 11 , 58,

174 , 182 M. J Jusayn al -Kigimi 69-70 M. I J u s a y n a l - K h w i n s Z r i 75 , 118,

126 , 143 , 154 , 159, 166, 167 , 181 , 185 , 214

M. B u s a y n a l - K h w i t i i n l b Z d i 97, 17.Q

M. a t -A ' ra j i 69 M. A s h r a f a l - l j u s a y n i 153, 197 M. a l - A s h r a f i 100 M. b . 'Ashiir a l - K i r m i n s h i h i 69 ,

151. 187 . 194 , 208

.-. M i r a k ~ 6 s ; a l - T i i n i 124 M i r F a t t i b 117 , 173 M i r L n w h i 175

M. b . ahr ram 76 M. B i q i r a l - B i r j a n d i 194 , 196 M. BZqir a l - G u l p Z y i g i n i 69 , 8 2 ,

YY(

M u h a d h d h a b a l -Din al- N i l i 46,

"" BZqi r B i q i r BZqir B i q i r B i q i r B i q i r B i q i r B i a i r

a l -KazzZzi 168 a l - K h w i n s i r i 203 a l - K h w i t u n i b i d i al-LZhiji 9 1 a l -Maragh i 6 9 b . M. T a q i 65 al-Miisawi 177 a l -Sadr 12

Mu' izz a l -Din a l - l f u s a y n i 114 Mu'izz a l -Din al-Miisawai 8 5 ,

116 , 136, 205 Al-Mufid 7 , 34, 37-43, 62, 100-1,

114, 161, 193, 199 L Muflip a l -Yaymar i 5 0 , 79 , 104,

152 , 172 , 187 L u t f 'A l i a l - T a b r i z i 91 M. ' A b b i s a l - L a k n a w i 8 3 , 127, LuJ f Al lah a l -Mays i 8 0 , 163 , 188 185

--- M. f i u s a y n al-Qumsha': 8 3 , 93 M. b . J Jusayn a l -Raoawi 66 M . f i u s a y n a l -Radawi 69 , 74, 78 M. l j u s a y n a l - R a g a w i a l - K i s h i n i

M. BZql r a l - S h a r i f al-QummT 88 70 M . B i q i r al-Tabitabi'i a l - Y a z d i M. J Jusayn a l - S h a h r a s t Z n i 70

77 7n7 M. B u s a y n a l - T a b i b a l - T l h r Z n i 69

... M. b . ' A b d a l -Kar im a l - B u r i i j i r d i

1 9 1 M. b . ' A b d al-WahhZb al-KZzimT

-, -- M. B i u l r a l - T a b r i z i 160 M. i b r i h i m al-IJZ'lri a l -Qazwin i M. ~ Z q i r a l -Yazd i 69 M. Figil a l - M a s h h a d i 1 9 1 M . a l -Fir i iaZbZdi 1 4 1 M. a l - F i s h Z r a k i 153 M. HZdi a l - A s t a r Z b i d i 213

77 M. I b r i h i m a l - H u s a v n i a l - Q a z w i n i M a h d i a l - F u t i i n i 56

M a h d i al-JJakim 70 M a h d i a l -KhZlis i 70, 125, 128 ,

1 7 1

,- - 124 , 201

M . b . Abi Ti l ib a l - A s t a r i b Z d i 135 M. b . Abmad b . A b i TZlib 205 M. b . Apmad a l - B a b r i n i 144 , 155 M. p, A b m a d b . K h w i t i i n al-

Amili 71 M. A m i n a l - A h 5 r i 69 MI. b . ' A l i a l - A r d a k Z n i 90 M. b . ' A l i 2 1 - A s t a r i b i d i 115 M. 'Al i a l - A s t a r i b i d i 115 M. 'A17 a l - G i l i n i 83, 140 M. b . 'A17 b . b a y d a r al- 'Amili

116 , 165 M. 'A l i a l - H a z g r j a r i b i 74 , 8 2 ,

192

. "

8 1 , 8 4 , 115 , 213 M. I b r i h i m a l - K a l b i s i 8 6 , 93, 99 M. I b r i h i m al-KZvimi 177 M. I b r i h i m a l - K h a r a q i n i 68 M. I b r Z h i m al-Miisawi 111 M. I b r i h i m al-QishlZqi 66, 8 3 M. I b r i h i m a l - R a s h t i 183

M a h d i a l - N a r i q i 8 9 , 97 M a h d i a l - Q u m s h a ' i 69 M a h d i a l - T a b i i a b i ' i 87 Malpmiid a l - A s h t i y i n i 138 , 186 Mapmiid a1-Bur i i j i rd i 90 Mapmiid a l - H i s h i m i 12 Mapmiid a l -Kiv imi 158 Mabmiid a l - K h w i n s i r i 180 Mailmiid a l - K h u ' i 92 Mabmiid a l - K i r m n s h i h i 111 , 165,

M. HidT a l - I Jusayn i 132 M. H i d i a l -MHzandar in i 74 , 142,

161 , 191 M. HZdi a l -Mi l in i 158 M. H i d i a l -SabzawZr i 175 M. HZdi a l - K h u ' i 71 M . a l -Harawi 210

I s p i q a lFFayyZ0 11 I s m i ' i l a l - F a d i ' i 75 , 135 I s m i ' i l a l - K h w i t i i n i b i d i 148 b . IsmZ' i l a l -MZzandarZni 98 J a ' f a r a l -XbZda ' i 8 3 , 99 J a ' f a r a l - A r d a s t i n i 151 J a ' f a r a l - A s t a r Z b i d i 74 , 75 ,

M . a l -JJarf i ishi 117 M. b . J J i r i t h a l - A s t a r i b i d i 1 2 1 M. b . H i r i t h a l - B a b r i n i 135, 199 M. JJasan A d i b 62 M. b . H a s a n al- 'Amili 8 1 , 136 ,

168

M. ' A l i a l -Klz imi 11 M. ' A l i a l - K h u s r a w s h i h i 179 M . 'A l i a l - K h w i n s Z r i 174

N TO SHi'T LAW 246 A N INTRODUC INDEX AUTHORS 247

M . al-Muwabbidi 138 M . al-Ni'ini 82 M. al-Naraqi 151 M . Na$ir al-Birfuriishi 142, 152 M . b . NagsZr al-guwayzi 133 M. b . Niqim al-Din al-AstarZbZdi

1 3 3

M . Ja'far al-FarShi 88 M . Ja'far al-Hamadini 82, 84,

86 M . Ja'far al-Hussyni al-KishZni

Muntajab al-Din al-Rizi 154 Murid al-Tafrishi 125 Al-Murtabi 7. 34. 41-3. 45. 46.

. ~

171, 208 M . Jaefar al-guwayzi 188 M . Ja'far al-~alb%3i 72 M . Ja'far al-Khabiishzni 107 M . Ja 'far al-Kirnlinshihi 75,

M . %ir al-RZnakii'i 69 M . Taqi al-iimuli 94, 138, 174 M . Taqi al-ArdakZni 168, 181 M . Taqi al-Astaribidi 67, 107 M . Taai al-BarehZni 68

MurtaGZ al-khusrawshihi 179 Murtadi al-Sirawi 146

--" M . b . QZsim 147 M . b . Qisim al-Igfahini 81 M . QZsim al-Mizandarini 165

Mur ta i i al-Sidihi 83 Miisi A1 Kishif al-Ghiti' 82. 123 87, 111

M . Ja ' far b . M . Tihir 83 M . Ja'far al-SabbawZri 133, 144,

l f i l

M . ~ i s i m al-SZwiji 205 M . Quli al-Kantiiri 210 M . al-Radawi al-Tiisi 69 M. Rafi' b . Faraj al-Gilini 82,

M . ~ a i i a l-~urtuj i rdi 11 M . Taai al-Harawi 83. 92. 99.

MiisZ b . Fadl AllZh al-.Hamadin? 69, 175

M i i s i al-Khwinsiri 174 Miisi al-Kirminshihi 75 Mustafa al-Khu'i 68

. . . 130; 171, 196

M . Taai al-Isfahini al-Mudarris A"A

M. Ja'far al-Sharastini 176 M . Ja ' far al-ShirZzi 142 M . Ja'far al-Tihrini 185, 202

115, 150 M . Rafi' al-Gilini al-Igfahini 84 M . Rauirn al-Buriijirdi 70, 74,

159, 178 M . Rapim al-Sabzawiri 161 M . Rasiil b. 'Abd alb0Aziz 178 M . Rasiil a l-Kishini 176 M . Rid: XI Bapr al-'Uliim 77, 82 M . Rid$ al-Astaribidi 87, 130 M . Ridi b . 'Ali Sharif al-

118- M . Taqi al-Kashini 169 M . Taai al-Kishmiri 148 M . ~ a i i al-Khishti 66 M. Taai al-Masiidshihi 202

9, 124 M . Taqi Mu15 KitZb 177 M . Taqi al-Naqawi 200, 207 M . Taoi al-Niiri 160. 162. 192

Nagir &Din al-NarZqi 82-3 Nagir al-Din a1-Tiisi 204 Nagr Algh al-Astaribidi 71, 154 Naqar 'Ali al-Tiliqini 176, 212,

214

199: 207, 209 M . Taai al-QZ'ini 149

-- -

Ni'rnat AllZh b . ' ~ b d A I ~ Z ~ 68 Ni'mat Allih al-Jazi ' iri 55, 123,

7 n l M . Mahdi >l-Gilini 68 M . Mahdi al-gusayni al-Mashhadi

72, 86, 180, 188 M . Mahdi al-Kalbisi 72, 78, 93,

M . ~ a i i al-Tabasi 71 M . Taqi al-Tabrizi 193 M . Taqi al-TZliqini 68 M . Taqi al-Tunukibuni 211 M . al-TunukZbuni 72 M . a l -Turkibidi 110 M . al-TEsi al-Mashhadi 90 M . Yabyi al-SZwiji 140 M . YGsuf al-Astaribidi 129 M . Yiisuf al-GilZni 133

-"- Nizim &Din al-Siwiji 96 Niir AllZh al-Tustari 84, 125, 141,

146 M . R ~ G Z a l - ~ h f r i z i 66 M . Ridi al-Tabrizi 71 111

M . Mahdi al-Khwinsiri 132 M . Mahdi al-KujTiri 69 M . Mahdi al-MapallZti 99 M . Mahdi al-Miisawi 82

M. a]-kupafzi'i 151 M . s i d iq 82 M. Sidiq al-gilli al-ShirZzi 1 4 4 M. Sidiq al-Kishmiri 67 M . Sidia b . Muhammad 67

Niir al-Din al-Akhbiri 86

M . Mahdi al-Qazwini 69 M . Mahdi al-Ragawi 135 M . al-Maaibi 89

M . 8Zdiq a l - ~ i i c i n i 75 M . Sidia al-SirkZni 104. 139. 183

M . YCsuf al-LZhiji 86 Al-Mubaqqiq 8, 14, 18, 23, 47,

48, 64, 65-70, 102, 139 Mubsin al-Amin 75, 186, 194 Mubsin al-A'raji 86, 89, 91, 151 Muusin al-Ardabili 158 Mubsin al-A'sam 68 MuQsin al-Khanfar 174, 202 MuQsin al-Rashti 127, 207 Al-Mujihid 9, 57, 87, 92, 98,

111. 210

M . ~ a ' i c i 85 M . Sa'id al-QuhuZ'i 115. 202

M . b . ka'siim al-Radawi 77 M . b . M . b . 'Abd Allih 73 M . b . M . 'Ali al-Kishini 66 M . b . M . Kizim al-Khurisini

M. s i l ib al-Aitai ibidi 67, 86,207 M . QZlip al-BaraghZni 71, 72 M . Silih al-DimZd 83. 92

&aw%m.al-~in al-Qazwini 67 Querry, A. 67

8iliIj a l-Farihini 65 s i l ib al-Khalkhili 82, 140 s i l ip al-KhwitiinibZdi 142, 161, 197 s i l ib al-Simnini 184, 186 Sarwar al-BihsCidi 11-12 Shail ' al-Irawini 207 Shafi' al-FEmani 124 Shafi' al-Mizandarini 181, 196 Shafic b . M . Husavn 77

182, 2 1 1 M. b . M . Ma'giim al-Mashhadi 86 M . b . M . Muhsin al-Kishini 86

AI-~uj tah id 120, 128, 131, 139, 146, 168, 200, 212

Mu'in al-Din al-Migri 46, 126, 156, 187

M . Mubsin al-KishZni 86 M . Mu'min al-gusayni 143 M . Muaim al-BZrfurtishi 82

203 Al-Mukhtiri 77, 127, 138, 138,

145, 172, 178, 198, 206 Mull: Mu'min 131

a l - ~ h a h s h a h i i i g i T i h i Najaf 93, 125, 209

Mu'min al-Ardabili 71 Munir al-Din al-Buriijirdi 121

Radi al-Din b . M . Nabi al-Qazwini 120, 198

248 AN INTRODUCTION

Raai al-Din M . b . gasan al- Qazwini 1 6 2

Raf'i' al-Din al-NZ'ini 72, 84,

TITLES

96, 107 Ripat gusayn al-Giipalpiiri 159,190 Al-Rashti 57,125,156,157,174,182,

184,185,202,203,208,211 Al-Riwandi 45, 46, 102, 115 Riga al-HamadZni 57, 94, 174 Ridi al-Lutfi 121 Ridi al-Tabrizi 69

Allih 108, 110 Ajwibat masi'il al-sayyid gusayn . . . - ~

Shams al-Din al-Astaribidi 128 Shams al-Din M . MitqZlbZf 105 Sharaf al-Din 'Ali al-Astarabadi

135 Al-Sharif al-gusayni 188 Shi r ib al--Wafiya 56, 89, 125 Al-Shaykh 4, 7, 18, 23, 44-8, 63,

102, 121, 122, 200, 203 Shaykh al-Shari'a 131, 180, 209 Al-Shirwini 67, 74, 107, 128,

153, 199, 208 Shubbar b . M . al-Najafi 127, 155,

162

AlbeLbidiyya 135 Abwib al-jinin, 148 s d i b al-galit 136 AdZb-i saniyya 197 Adxi al-tijZra 97 Adillat al-rashid 93

111

Ajwibat masi'il al-sayyid Sharaf al-Din al-SamZki 105

Ajwibat masi'il al-sayyid Yabyi 1118 - - -

Ajwibat al-masa'il al-Shimiyya 105 Ajwibat masi'il al-shaykh 'Abd

Allih 108 Aiwibat masi'il al-shavkh 'A17

R<Q Allih al-gifiv 205 Af'il-i pajj 164 Ahkim 'aqd al-nikib 187 ApkZm al-amwit 128 Abkim al-'idlala alkeAlawiyya AbkZm al-bajj 165 Abkim al--jani'iz 128 Ahklam al-iizva 169

, ~ - - - - - - ' al-Baprini 108

Ajwibat rnasi'il al-shaykh Tihir I nfi Al-Sabzawiri 52, 81, 85, 96 ,

117. 1 4 7 . 164, 175 ...

Aiwibat masi'il al-shavkh M Shukr Allah al-JJusayni 127 Sultan M . al-KishZni 133 Sultan alk'Ulami' 8 , 107, 164

Aikim al-khalal 154 AbkXm alkmukhilifin 170 Abkim-i nijXsit 129 Abklam al-nisZ' 114 AQkim galit al-jum'a 151 Abkim-i gayd wa dhabz'ib 199 Abkim-i shakk wa sahw 153 Abkim-i gulh 181 AbkZm al-taw%€ 166

al-Darizi 111 Ajwibat masi'il al-shaykh NZgir

al-Khaffi 108 Ajwibat masZ'il al-shaykh QZliQ

al-Jazi ' iri 106 "", &u-

Sadr al-Din M . al-Radawi al- Kish in i 155

Sadr al-Din al-Tabitabi ' i Ajwibat masi'il al-shaykh Sulaymin

108 Tihir al-JJusayni al-Dakani 135 Al-Tuwalini 134

Ajwibat masi'il Shukr b . Warndin 105

Ajwibat al-masi'il al-thalith 109, ... A4kim alFiumra 167 Abkim al-'uqiid 174 Abkim-i yamin 198 Al-Abmadi 36 Ajwad al-taqririt 11 Ajwibat al-masla'il 107, 109, 110,

112 Ajwibat al-masi'il al-fiqhiyya

103, 104, 107, 109 Ajwibat masa'il al-JJussyn b .

Rabi'a al-Madani 105 Ajwibat masi'il Ibn Farruj 105 Ajwibat masa'il Ibn Zuhra 103 Ajwibat masa'il mawlini YCisuf

al-Mizandarini 104 Ajwibat masi'il al-mawli Majd

al-Din 107 Ajwibat al-masi'il al-Miizibiyya

105 Ajwibat masla'il al-Miqdid 104 Ajwibat masi'il M . b . Juwaybar

106 Ajwibat masi'il M . b . Mujihid

104 Ajwibat al-masi'il al-

muhanni'iyya 103 Ajwibat al-masi'il al-Najafiyya

105 Ajwibat al-masa'il al-Qaymariyya

104

111

Ajwibat masi'il waradat . . . 'an al-sida al-'ulama' 104

A1-A'lim al-jaliyya 133 61-Alfiyya 132 Amal al-yawm wa 'I-layla 122

Yabyi b . Sa'id 18, 41, 70, 102 Ya'qiib al-Birfuriishi 124 Al-Yazdi 58. 94, 100, 112, 154,

174, 186 Yiisuf al-Gilini 70 Yiisuf al-TabrTzT 214

Al-Amr by '1-ma'ruf 170 A l ' Aniwin 117 Anis al-Tawwibin 172 Anis al-tujjir 97 Al-Anwar alh'aliyya 132 Al-Anwar al-bahiyya 122 AnwZr al-diriya 88 Anwir al-faqiha 93 Al-Anwir al-Gharawiyya 78 Al-Anwar al-giriyya 109 Al-Anwir al-jaliyya 109 Al-Anwir al-lawamis 87 Al-Anwir al-qamariyya 136 Al-Anwir al-Radawiyya 66 Anwar al-r iyia 91 'Aqd al-Bisi' 114 Al-Aqtib al-fiqhiyya 117 Arba' masi'il fiqhiyya 104 Agilat al-luziim 1 7 1 AlkCAshara al-kimila 205 Al-Ashie'a al-badriyya 135 'Awi'id al-ayyim 117 Alb'Awig 100 Awqit-i namiz 138

Qibib al-~i ; ig 56, 17, 87, 91, 98, 110, 165, 167

Al-Sahrashti 45, 64 Sallir b . 'Abd al-'Aziz 14, 43,

zahir al-Din al-Nil? 76 Zayn albeAbidin al-Tabafabi ' i 68 Zayn alkCAbidin al-gusayni 96 Zayn al-'Abidin al-Lirijini 142 Zavn alb'zbidin al-Sabzawiri

63 Al-Samihiji 55, 97, 108 9, 149 Al-SsrZb 115, 142, 148-9, 161,

198 Al-Sayyid 'Amid al-Din 48, 76,

204 Sh idh in b . Jibri'il 139 Al-Shafti 56, 99, 111, 130, 137,

165, 170, 181, 183, 184, 189, 196,203

Shih TZhir al-Dskani 135 Al-Shahid al-Awwal 8, 14, 15,

" - .. 192, 20_:

Zavn al-'Abidin al-Tabrizi 129 ~ a y n alb'xbidin al-Tabitaba'i

68 Zayn al-Din al-gilli 103

Ajwibat masi'il al-sayyid 'Abd

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHi'f LAW INDEX OF TITLES

Awqit al-galZt 138 Awthaq al-wasZ'il 9 1 Ayidi sabZ 107 61-Aya al-mubgira 75 AyZt al-abkim 115, 116 Ayit al-jihad 168 Al-'Ayn 178

B

Bib-i jinin 144 Al-Badr al-zZhir 152, 156 Babr al-fawi'id 11 Al-Babr al-zZkhir 125 Babr al-baqi'iq 68 Babr al-jawihir 93 Al-BaQr al-limie 66 Al-Bayin 76 Bayin al-baqq 184 Al-Bayyinit 204 Bidiyat al-bidiya 87 Bughyat al-raghibin 152 Bughyat al-tilib 97, 174 Bubiith fiqhiyya 113 Al-Bulgha 146 Bulghat al-faqih 112 Bulghat al-tilib 174 Burhin al-ashrif 184 Al-Burhin al-qiti' 66 Burhin al-sadid 7 1 Bushri al-mubaqqiqin 47

Dali'il al-apkim 68, 69, 74 Dalil al-nisik 166 Daqi'iq al-afiim 69 QawZbit al-khams 153 Dawibit al-riai' 190 A1-Dhahabiyya 1 4 1 Al-Dhahab al-masbiik 1 4 1 DhakhZ'ir al-imima 158 Dhakhi'ir al-nubuwwa 179 Dhakhi'ir al- 'uqbii 8 5 Al-Dhakllira al-abadiyya 109 Al-Dhakhira al-biqiya 109 Dhakhirat al-badi'i' 68 Dhakhirat al-ma'Zd 72, 85 Dhakhirat al-jazi' 85 A1-Dhari 'if 68 Dharii 'i' al-ablim 94 Dharii'i' al-anim 70 Dhikri al-Shi'a 76 DhikrZ dhawi '1-nuhi 1 3 1 Al-Dhukhr al-limi' 86 Al-Qiyii' al-limi' 66

QiyZ' alk'uqiil 194 Droit Musulman 67 Durar al-fawi'id 11 Al-Durar al-ghawili 1 2 1 Al-Durar al-manziima 72 Durar al-niqid 7 1 Al-Durra 89 Al-Durra al-durriyya 204 Al-Durra al-gi'iriyya 69, 78 Al-Durra al-Najafiyya 110 Al-Durra al-gafiyya 132 Durrat al-asrak 2 0 1 Durrat al-durravn 192 Al-Durr al-manifid 172, 173 Al-Duriis 76 Duriis fi fiqh al-Shi'a 125 Duriis 5 'ilm al-ugiil 12

Fi'ida fi burmat galit al-jum'a 150

Fii'ida fi burmat simii' gawt al- mar'a 186

Fi'ida fi jawiz bay' al-shart 179 FZ'ida fi 'I-mawirith 207 Fi'ida fi '1-mut'a 193 Fi'ida fT talia al-wali 195 Al-~dhZlik' 90 ' Al-Fakhrivva 119 A l - F Z k i h a " ~ l - ~ Z ~ i m i ~ ~ a 108 Al-Fakhriyya 123 AI-Fari'ig 204, 206 Al-Fari'id al-Bahi'iyya 205 A1-Fari'ia al-Nagiriyya 204 Fari'id al-ugiil 11 Fari'id-i vawmivva 132 . " " " Al-Farq bayn al-fariaa wa '1-

nifila 1 2 1 Al-Farq bayn al-taliq al-raj'i wa

'1-bi'in 195 Fara-i mivZn mard wa zan 114 ~ 1 - & g i h kl-munhij 47 Fagl al-khitZb 129 Fagl al-khitib al-Ibr3himiyya 82 Fatiwi 105 Al-Fatiwi al-Uusayniyya 97 Fatb al-mafati0 86 FaltZb al-majimi' 90 Al-FawZ'id 68, 112 Al-Fawi'id al-'illiyya 122, 135 Fawi'id ii galst al-musifir 155 Al-Fawi'id al-Gharawiyya 136 FawZ'id al-marim 67 Fawi'id mutafarriqa 105 Fawi'id al-Qawi'id 80 A1-Fawi'id al-sariyya 136

FawZ'id al-Shari'i' 79 Fawii'id al-ugiil 11 Fiqh al-Qur'Zn 115 Fiah al-Sidia 75

Al-Fitra ai-mal,?kiitiyya 122 Al-Fugiil al-khamsa 202 Fugiig firGzajZt khafiyya 9D

Al-Ghiliya 1 3 1 Ghani'im al-ayyim 92 Ghanimat al-ma'id 7 1 Ghiyat al-imZl 174 Ghivat al-iiiz 133 / ~ h i y a t al-lirhtly~r 189 GhZvat al-marim 79 ~ h i y a t al-murZd 77, 167 Ghiyat al-su'iil 194 Al-Gharawiyya 135 Ghunyat al-nuzii' 65 Ghurar al-majimi' 66 Al-Ghurra 90 Al-Ghurra al-Gharawiyya 78 Al-Ghurra al-ganafiyya 90

g i w i al-marim 69 Al-Uaydariyya 135 Al-HidZya 62, 134 HidZyat al-abkim 88 Hidiyat al-akhyir 99 HidZyat al-a'lZm 86 Hidiyat al-anim 69, 159 HidZyat al-ikhwin 107 Al-Hidiya a-Mahdiyya 77 Hidiyat al-sZ'il 108 Hidiyat al-Shi'a 92 Hidiyat al-girit 149 Hidiyat al-falib 174 Hidiyat al-tilibin 84, 100 HidZyat al-umma 88 Bisin al-yawiqit 138 Al-Ejiyal al-shar'iyya 180 Al-Huiia 147 gu<m al-bikim 1 6 1 Hukm-i mili-i Nisibi 169 i1ukm muliqi al-najis 129 gukm al-musifara 163 Uukm ru'yat al-hilil 1 6 1 gukm taklif al-kZfir 169 Ejukm al-talZq 183, 195 fiurmat al-mashihid 167 Burmat galit al-jum'a 150

gadd al-masZfa 155 A1-HZdi ila '1-rashid 7 1 Al-gab1 al-matin 85 A1-HadZ'iq al-nZQira 89 HZdi al-murJillin 135 Al-gadiqa al-Najafiyya 83 Hadiaat al-muttaain 91. 96 $adi&t a l -~aw$L83 Hadiyyat al-ikhwin 123 Hadiyyat al-mu'minin 123 Al-JJajj wa '1-'umra 164 pall alb'asir 130 gall ' ibira mu'aala 74 !$all shakk 169 !$all al-'uqiid 108 Al-IJaqi'iq 69 JJaqq al-qadZ' 112 Al-JJaqq al-gurZb 187 Al-gi'iriyya 1 4 1 Al-ljishiya 'ali k . al-fari'id 204,

206 Ijishiya 'ali Risilat al-taliq 196 Ijishiya 'ali risilat al-Tiini 149 Ijishiyat al-IrshZd 76 al-Uishiya al-raaiyya 83 Uishiyat al-Shari'i' 80

Al-IbZna al-mardiyya 82, 140 Ibinat al-mukhtZr 209 Ibtirrhi' al-fadila 175

Idriik al-rak'a 138 Al-Ifada al-iimilivva 120 Ifadat a l - ~ a d i r ifi AlkI4tiyitiit al-fiqhiyya Al-'ljsla ~ l - T j i z 203 al-miijaza 165

I'lim al-abibba 175 Al-I'lim 1 0 1 Imitat al-1ithZm 116 lmli' E wagf din al-Imimiyya Inirat al-turiis 77, 198 - Inas sulfan al-mu'minin 116 Al-'InZya al-Ilihiyya 90 A1-Ingif 93 Al-Intigir 63 Iqimat al-budiid 170 - IqZg al-nz'imin 175

252 A N INTRODUC

'Iqd fi '1-'ilm al-ijmZli 121 'Iqd fi ilzim ghayr al-Imimi 170 Al-'lqd al-gusayni 120 'Iqd al-jawihir 103 'Iqd al-1a'Zli 121 A1-IqtizZd 71, 1 2 1 Al-lqtigid wa '1-irshZd 1 2 2 IrshZd al-adhhZn 71 I r sh id al-mustarshidin 99 Irshzd al-gilibin 137 I r sh id al-sZlik 165 A1-Irtimis fi '1-gawm 162 Igibat al-paqq 181 Isba4 al-Shi'a 64 I s h i r i t al-fiqh 82 IshZrat al-sabq 64 Al-IshrZf 62 Ishtirat gibbat al-gawm 162 IglZb alk'amal 98 Al-Istanbuliyya 123 Istibbiib al-tayzsur 139 Ishiqgi' al-naqar 89 I thbi t al-siyida 158, 159 Al-lthni'ashariyya 107, 136, 206 Al-Ithni'ashariyyZt 122 A1-ICtikifiyya 163 IzZhat al-'illa 139 1zil;at a l - i~ t ib i i 142 Izihat al-shukiik 141. 142. 197 lziiiat al-waswasa 167 Iqhi r m a ' indi 165 AIFeIzziyya 102

A1-Jacfariyya 134 &' al-baqq 148 Ja l i ' al-shubahZt 151 Jam'a 146 &mi'-i 'Abbisi 96 J-ami' al-apkZm 69 &mi' al-aawil 92 &mi' al-fatvZ'id 73, 85, 116 &mio-i Ja ' far i 6 7 J-ami'-i Radawi 67 Jimi' al-iawimi- 66, 69 Al-&mi' "a-kabir 9i &mio al-kalim 141 Gmi' al-khilif 70 &mi' al-rnadZrik 94 Jimi' al-maqigid 80 &mic al-shari'i ' 70 &mi' al-shatzt 110 Jannat al-khuld 99 JawZb5t al-masi'il al-Mawgiliyya

101 JawibZt masi'ii

TION TO SHT'I LAW

Mayyifariqin 101 JawZbit al-masa'il al-RZziyyit

i n 1

JawibZt masi'it al-sharif al- Rassi 101

Jawibi t al-masi'il al-TabbZnivvit ." 101

JawibZt al-masi'il al-Taribulusiyyit 101

Al-JawZb bi '1-gawib 200 Jawab-i masi'il-i Khur is in 107 JawZb-i masi'il-i mirzi sayyid

'Ali 107 JawZb-i masZ'il-i Shah 'Abbis

106 JawZb mas'ala 'an al-Qabwa 208 Jawihir al-fiqh 63 Jawihir al-Qaqi'iq 116, 204 JawZhir al-kalim 93 Jawihir al-kalimZt 172 Jawihir al-masi'il 99 Jawimi' al-kalim 74 JawZmi' al-rasi'il 110 JawRz ibdi ' al-safar 162 Jaw%-i musfirat-i pZdishih 169 Al-Jihidiyya 167, 168 Jumal al-'ilm wa 'lk'amal 1 2 1 Al-Jumal wa '1-'uqiid 63 Al-Jumina al-bahiyya 132 JumZn al-silk 171

INDE

Al-Kafaf 163 A1-KZfi 63 Kanz al-durar al-aytim 77 Kanz al-fawZ'id 71, 76 Kanz alk'irfan 115 Kanz al-Shi'a 143 KZriziyya 203 Kashf al-astir 199, 169 Kashf al-awhim 162 Kashf al-diriya 88 Kashf al-fawi'id 73 Kashf al-ghit:' 91 Kashf al-baqi'iq .I6 Kashf al-ibhZm 68, 69 Kashf al-iltibis 79, 127 Kashf al-lithim 88 Kashf al-madirik 84 Kashf al-matlCib 142 Kashf al-niqib 78 Kashf al-qinZC 68, 70, 192 Kashf al-rayb 128 Kashf al-rayba 151 Kashf al-rayn 151 Kashf al-rumuz 70 Kashf al-rumiiz al-khafiyya

8 1 Kashf al-qalam 68 Al-Kawikib al-durriyya 135 Khidimiyya 180 Al-Khalal fi '1-galst 152, 153,

154 Al-Kharijiyya 177 Khagi'ig al-a'lim 68 Khayr alh'amal 143 Khazi'in al-abkim 76, 90 Al-Khilif 64 KhilZfiyya 96 Khuligat al-abQith 206 Khuligal al-bayin 200 KhulZgat al-i 'tibir 163 Khuligat al-tanqip 79 Kifayat al-abkim 85 Kifayat al-mubaggilin 75 Kifayat al-muhtadi 134 KifZyat al-mubtij 163 Kifayat al-talibin 78 Kifayal al-ugiil 11 KitZbat bar kafan 129 Al-Kurriyya 125

Al-La'Zli al-zawihir 110 Lama'it 82

X OF TITLES 253

Al-~ama' i t al-nayyira 9 4 AI-~awimi ' 82, 104 ~awirn i ' al-abkim 89 ~awZrni' al-nikit 1 1 2 Lu'lu' al-abkim 7 7 A1-Lu 'lu' al-masiur 126 Lum'a 146, 151, 186 A1-Lum'a al-Dimashqiyya 77 Al -~um'a al-jaliyya 108

Ma'ilim al-din 79, 84 Ma'A~ii af ' i l al-salit 135 Mn'arif a l - a b k i i 70 Ma'Zrij al-apkZm 67 Ma'irij al-su'lll 115 Ma'Zrij al-tabqiq 123 MabZni Takmilat al-MinhZj 212,

715 - A -

Mabiazh al-nazar 156. 196. 197 Al-MaGsiit 64 ' MadZrik al-ahkim 69, 84 Madinat al-aibi th 207 Ma'din alk'irfan 114 Mafatih al-ahkim 115 Mafatic a l - s ia r i ' i e 86 M i ' al-bayit 163 Mi'ida-yi sarniwiyya 200 Maiiri al-ahkim 88

Maima' al-bayin 7 1 Majma' al-fz'ida wa '1-burhZn 83 Majma' al-ghari'ib 78 Majma' al-masZ'il 66 Majma' al-rashid 207 MaEtib al-shari'i ' 52 Majmu'at al-ifZdZt 105 Al-Makisib 174 A1 -MakZsib al-mubarrama 175 MakhZzin al-aQkim 69 Makhzan al-asrZr al-fiqhiyya 82 Makhzan al-la'ili 121 Al-Manzfi' 66 Ma'ni qawl alFeAllZma 73 Manihij al-abkim 68, 74, 92, 117,

210 Al-Manihij al-sawiyya 88 ManZhij al-tadqiq 137 Al-Manihil 92 ManXsik al-bajj 99, 163-6 Manhaj al-ijtihid 68 Manhaj al-rashid 72 Manhaj al-sadad 7 1 IManhaj al-salZma 159 Manhaj al-tabqiq 154

254 AN INTRODUCT

Mandiib al-sawm lfi2 Maqibis ai-anwir 92 MaaZla fi 'I-hath 'ali salZt al-

jum'a 145' Maqila fi '1-'idila 214 MaqZla fi galit al-jum'a 150 Maqila fi '1-taliq 196 Maqila fi wujiih al-Babth 'an

galit al-jum'a 146 Al-Maqilit al-Ghariyya 11 Maqilit al-ugiil 11 Al-Maqilid al-Ja'fariyya 117 Maqilid al-qugiid 172 Maqimit al-sZlikin 175 Maclimi' al-fad1 110

Maqgad al-falib 174 Al-Marisim 63 Al-Marghiib 68 Al-Magibip 87, 90 Magibip al-aQkZm 90 Magibip al-asrir 133 Magibip al-hidZya 88 Al-MagihTp al-IawZmi' 86 Magibil~ al- quliib 97 Magibib al-galim 87, 89 Masii'il 102,107 Al-Masi'il al-akhbiriyya 89 Al-Masi'il al-Amu~iy~a 103 Al-Masi'il al-araba'iin

Masi'il ba ' i al-f;$ali' 103 A1-Masi'il al-Baghdidiyya 102,

112 Al-MasZ'il al-Bapriyya 104 Al-Masi'il al-Bagriyya 112 A1-MasZ'il al-Bihbahiniya 108,

110 Masi'i2 fi ab'id al-fiqh 102 Al-Masi'il al-fiqhiyya 79, 103,

106 Al-Masi'il al-gi'iriyyit 102 Al-MasZ'ik al-Hindiyya 108 Al-Masi'il al-gusayniyya 108 Masi'il Ibn Najm 103 Masi'il-i wagiyZ 185 Al-Masi'il al-Kamiliyya 102 Al-Masi'il al-KZzirCniyyZt 108 Al-Masi'il al-hkamsa 137 Al-Masi'il al-Khu'iyya 112 Al-Masi'il al-KhwZriyyit 102 Al-Masi'il al-Madaniyyit 106 Al-Masi'il al-Magihiriyya 103 Al-Masii'il al-Migriyya 64, 102 Al-Masi'il al-Mubammadiyya 109 Masi'il mutafarriqa 96, 102

'ION TO S ~ f ~ f LAW

Al-Masi'il al-NX~iriyyit , 63, 103, 109

Al-Masi'il al-Naysibiiriyya 101 Al-Masi'il al-NiliyyZt 101 Al-Masi'il al-RamliyyZt 101 Al-Masi'il al-Rashtiyya 185 Al-Masi'il al-Rassiyyiit 101 Masi'il al-ridZ' 191 MasZ'il al-shaykh Abi Ja'far

al-Tiisi 1 0 1 Masi'il al-shaykh zahir al-Din

b . al-Ijusim 104 Al-Masi'il al-Shimiyya 104 Al-Masi'il al-Tabariyya 102 Masi'il tazZpum al-buqiiq 212 Masi'il al-tilmidh 105 Al-Masi'il al-WasitiyyZt 1 0 1 Mas'wla fi 'I-'amal ma' al-sulfan

176 A1-Mas'tila al-nifiea 204 Mas'alat al-shaykh 'Abd Allih

109 Mas'wlatZn 106. 185 Al-Masilik 136 Masilik al-afhim 81. 116 Al-Masilik a~-Jiimi'i$~a 132 Maslak al-rishidin 72 MashSriq al-aQkim 118 MashZriq al-anwir 66 MashSriq al-muhtadin 88 MashZriq al-shumiis 87 Mashriq al-shamsayn 85 Al-Masmu'a 105 Al-Matijir 174 Mafalie al-anwZr 137 Al-Matilib al-Muraffariyya 135 Matirib al-angir 11 Al-Ma'iina 203 MawZhib al-afhim 69 Al-MawZhib al-Gharawiyya 69 Al-Mawihib al-saniyya 75, 90 Al-MawXrith 205, 207 MiftZb al-kalim 70 Miftib al-karima 90 MiftZQ al-Riyicj 92 Minhij al-hidiya 93 Minhij al-milla 140 Minhij al-najit 83, 97, 162 Minhij al-qibla 140 Minhiij al-umma 82 Mi'rij al-shari'a 93 Mir'iit al-akhyZr 155 Mir'it al-mugallin 152 Mir'Zt al--(uqiil 52 Migbi4 al-faqiha 123, 174 Migbib al-faqih 94 Migbiib al-hidZya 207 Migbih al-hudi 94

INDEX

Migbib al-ijtihid 68 MigbZQ al-mubtadi 134 Al-MigbZb al-munir 91 Al-Migbib al-sifi' 87 MighZb al-tariq 98 Migbib al-ugiil 11 A1-Migbib al-Wahhij 177 Al-Mishkit 124 Mishkit al-anwir al-gusayniyya

77 Al-Mishkit al-Gharawiyya 78 MishkZt al-hudit 157 Mishkit al-war: 133 Al-Mufradit al-fariqa 82 MuhZdarit fi 'I-fiah a]-Ja'fari . -

i 7 i MuQidarit fi ugiil al-fiqh 11 Al-Mupikama 209 Al-Muhadhdhab 63 Al-Muhadhdhab al-biri' 78 Al-Mubarrar 79 Mu'in al-khawass 98 Al-Miijaz 79, 193' Muili al-shariea 155 Mukhtalaf al-Shi'a 72 MukhtZr al-madhhab 141 Al-Mukhtir 105 Al-Mukhtagar al-nifi' 65 Mulakhkhag al-maqZl 184 Muniqashit fiqhiyya 107 MuntahZ maaisid al-anim 70

Munyai al-albib 78 Munyat a1-righib 123 Munyat al-tZlib 174 Al-Muqaddama al-far'iyya 134 Al-Muqni' 67 Al-Muqni'a 62 Al-Muqtagar 79 Al-Murshid 75 Murshid alk'awamm 98 Musakkin al-shujiin 2 0 1 Musawwid al-khudiid 214 Al-MugtalaQZt al-fiqhiyya 102 Mustamsak al-'Urwa al-wuthqi 94 Mustanad al-Shi'a 93 Mustaqsi al-ijtihid 71 Al-Mutea 115 Al-Mu'tabar 66 Mu'tadid al-Shiea 72 AI-Mu'tadil 213 Mutafarridit al-Imimiyya 101 Mu'tamad al-abkim 68 Mu'tamad al-arim 67

OF TITLES 255

Mu'tamad al-Shi'a 90 Al-Mutamassik bi-babl A1 Rasiil

35 Muetaqad al-Imimiyya 95 Mutashibih al-Qur'in 102 Murhir al-mukhtir 194

Nabdha fi siyagh al-'uqiid 173 Al-Nabdha al-'uqiidiyya 187 Nadd al-qawZCid al-fiqhiyya 116 Al-NafQa alk'anhariyya 109 A1-Nama al-qudsiyya 137 Nafahit al-ilhim 69 ~ a f ~ ' a 1 - b a r a j 118 Nahj al-faqZha 1 7 4 Nahj alFeirfan 47 Nahl al-sadid 71 Al-NaiZt 132 Najit ;I-'ibid 99 Najit al-mu'minin 67 NajZt al-niswin 127 Al-Nahriyya 203 Al-Najmiyya 135 Najm al-mu'min 111 Nati'ij al-afkZr 155 Nay1 al-marim 95 N a p al-la'ili 108 Nibris al-hidiya 86 Al-Nihiya 64 Nihiyat al-afkZr 11 Nihiyat al-imil 174 Nihiyat al-diriya 11 NihZyat al-ibkim 84 Nihiyat al-iqdim 84 NihZyat al-marZm 87 Nihiiyat al-muqtasid 86 Nihiyat al-taqrir 138 NihZvat al-usiil 11 ~ i k i G i ~ ~ a NithZrit al-kawikib 18i 179

Nigim al-fari'id 74 al-Nigimiyya 135 Nukat al-Nihiya 67 Al-Nukhba 87 Nukhbat al-wiiibZt 97 ~ i i r al-hudZ lf;6 A1-Niir al-siti' 68 Niir-i sZti' 88 Nuzhat al-arwip 186 Nuzhat al-nipir 47

Q

Qali'id al-durar 116

256 AN INTRODUC

A1-Qali'id al-saniyya 117 Al-Qimi'a li 'I-bid'a 149 QanZdiI alFeasjadit 210 QZt.itat al-lajEj 176 QiJi'at al-mirZ' 189 QZtj'at al-qiil wa '1-qi1 126 Qat ' al-maqil 126 Al-Qatra 157 y a w i t i d al-abkim 73 Al-Qawii'id al-Biqiriyya 118 Al-Qawi'id al-fiqhiyya 119, 171 Qawa'id al-mu'imalit 171 Al-Qawi'id al-shareiyya 117 Al-Qawi'id wa 'I-fawi'id 116 Al-Qawl al-fag1 127 Qiblat IrZq albCAjam wa

KhurZsin 139 Qibla-yi IthnZeashariyya 140 Qintar al-wazi'if 133 QubEla qabaliyya 122 Q u r r a t alk'ayn a l -nZ~i ra 75

R

Al-Radd 'a1Z agQEb alb'adad 161

Al-Radd 'alii i ' t i r i g i t 81 Rifi ' al-ibhim 159 Raf' al-iltibis 170 Al-RasZ'il 11, 12, 106,109, 110 Al-Rasi'il wa '1-masE'il 111 RawE'i' al-abkim 67 Rawi'i ' al-amili 121 RawEshiQ alk'iniiya al-Rabbiniyya

86 Al-Rawa al-aSQ 185, 186 Al-RawQa al-bahiyya 81 RawQ al-jinzn 81, 202 Raw4 al-nasim 145 Raybina t al-gudur 161 Al-Ridi'iyya 190-3 Al-Ridwin 181 ~ l - ~ i i i l a al-Biqiriyya 179 Al-Risila al-Barmakiyya 134 A1-Risila al-Fahliyiriiyya 109 Al-Risila al-FJX'isiyya 121 Al-Risila al-malnawiyya 136 A1-RisZla al-Mubammadiyya 206 Al-Risila al-Najafiyya 152 Al-Risila al-Raoawiyya 69 Al-Risila al-Sayfiyya 109 Risiila-yi sahla 82 RiyiiQ al-masi'it 91 Al-Riimiyya 122 Ru'yat al-hilil 161