alcoholic beverages pdf

Book about

Alcoholic beverages

Compiled by

Dylan damascene martin

B.sc in hospitality and hotel management

THIS

BOOK

CONTAINS

THE BASIC INFORMATION

ABOUT

ALL ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES

THEORITICAL NOTE’S

Prepared by

DYLANDAMASCENE MARTIN

E-mail:[email protected]

[email protected]

I welcome all your valuable suggestions & comments

regarding my notes.

With love

BEVERAGES

What is beverage?

Any portable liquid which is alcoholic or non-alcoholic is known as beverages

Beverages are mainly consumed to quench thirst, feel fresh, to compensate the loss of body

fluid due to perspiration

Beverage are basically classified into two types

The word alcohol is derived from the Arabic al-kohl.

Alcohol is generally defined as a liquid obtained through the fermentation of a sugar containing

liquid . These are the beverage that contain ethyl alcohol or ethanol ������

The percentage of alcohol in a drink varies from 0.5% to 95% depending on the method by

which the alcohol is obtained

Alcoholic drink are classified into three types they are

Fermented drink

Brewed and fermented drink

Distilled drink

alcoholic non-

alcoholic

Alcoholic beverage classifications

Fermented drink

Wine cider Perry

(Fermented grape juice) (Fermented apple juice) (Fermented pear juice)

Red wine White wine Rose wine

Brewed & fermented drinks

Beer sake

Obtained from cereals

Ales lagers

Distilled beverages

Spirits liqueur Eaux-de vie

Fruit brandy apple juice

Whisky rum gin vodka tequila brandy

Aurum Tia Maria

What is fermentation?

Fermentation is a process in which sugar is converted into alcohol

yeast on sugar

This process is basic of preparing all alcoholic beverages

The alcoholic level of all fermented drink is normally between 4 to 14 %

Yeast acts on sugar and converts one molecule of sugar into two molecule of ethyl alcohol and

two

The alcohol level in fermented drink rises up to 14%. Once the alcohol level reaches 14% the

yeast is killed later it brings the fermentation process to

• yeast

act's on

What is fermentation?

Fermentation is a process in which sugar is converted into alcohol. It is a chemical reaction of

This process is basic of preparing all alcoholic beverages

The alcoholic level of all fermented drink is normally between 4 to 14 %

Fermentation process

Yeast acts on sugar and converts one molecule of sugar into two molecule of ethyl alcohol and

two molecule of carbon dioxide ( ��� )

The alcohol level in fermented drink rises up to 14%. Once the alcohol level reaches 14% the

yeast is killed later it brings the fermentation process to a halt (or) end.

• sugar

gives out

• alcohol

and releases

co2

It is a chemical reaction of

Yeast acts on sugar and converts one molecule of sugar into two molecule of ethyl alcohol and

The alcohol level in fermented drink rises up to 14%. Once the alcohol level reaches 14% the

halt (or) end.

alcohol

and releases

co2

These three are very necessary for fermentation to take place

If there is absence of any one of these, fermentation will not take place

Examples of fermented beverage are

WINE

CIDER

PERRY

Steeping and boiling grain and infusing them in hot water to

flavor and other substances.

During this process the malts are being mashed

The temperature at this stage is around

Example of Brewed & fermented

Beer

Sake

. yeast

These three are very necessary for fermentation to take place

If there is absence of any one of these, fermentation will not take place

Examples of fermented beverage are

What is brewing? Steeping and boiling grain and infusing them in hot water to get (or) extract the

flavor and other substances.

During this process the malts are being mashed

stage is around 65�� ( 150�� )

Brewed & fermented drinks are

. sugar . temperature

These three are very necessary for fermentation to take place

If there is absence of any one of these, fermentation will not take place

extract the sugar,

temperature

What is distillation? The process in which alcohol is separated from the fermented juice or liquid by heating

it.

The process of distillation is that the ethyl alcohol or ethanol is boiled at a low

temperature at 78��.

All spirits are produced by the distillation of alcoholic beverages

Example of distilled are

Brandy

Whiskey

Gin

Rum

Vodka

Tequila

What is stilling? The stilling is a process of separating alcohol from water.

There are two types of still used for distilling spirits.

The pot still

The patent still

POT STILLING

PATENT STILLING

FERMANTED DRINKS

WHINE is an alcoholic beverage obtained from fermented juice of freshly collected or

gathered grapes

It can also be made using fruits, flower petals etc., it is prepared by crushing the fruit

and fermenting its juices. They are classified on the basis of colour, taste, aroma

present in it

Classification of wine’s

It is also known as Table wine or Dinner wine it is a whine which is obtained by the

natural fermentation process without adding anything else to it.

contain carbon dioxide (���) .

during fermentation are allowed

alcoholic percentage is normally between 10 to 14%

Red wine : these wine are made using black grapes

in the fermenting must as the coloring pigment present in the skin gives the

colour to the wine

By following this method the red colour is obtained

Stilled wine

• white

• red

• rose

WHINE

Stilled wine It is also known as Table wine or Dinner wine it is a whine which is obtained by the

natural fermentation process without adding anything else to it. Still wines do not

. While preparing these wine the carbon dioxide

allowed to escape and then being filled in the wine bottles. The

alcoholic percentage is normally between 10 to 14%

these wine are made using black grapes the skin is allowed to remain

in the fermenting must as the coloring pigment present in the skin gives the

By following this method the red colour is obtained

sparkling wine

• champagne

fortified wine

• sherry

• port

• madeira

• marsala

• malaga

It is also known as Table wine or Dinner wine it is a whine which is obtained by the

Still wines do not

carbon dioxide produced

and then being filled in the wine bottles. The

the skin is allowed to remain

in the fermenting must as the coloring pigment present in the skin gives the

fortified wine

sherry

madeira

marsala

malaga

Red wine are best served at room temperature that is 60�� �� 65��

Rose wine : these wine are made using red grapes they are even produced from

the mixture of white and red grapes the skin is allowed to macerate in the must

until the desired colour is being obtained

By following this method the red colour is obtained

Rose wine is served chilled at 8�� �� 9��

White wine: These wines are made using white grapes and even black grapes if

wine is prepared using black grapes the skin of the black grapes has to be

removed before crushing. the skin is being removed to prevent the wine from

getting colored

By following this method the white colour is obtained

White wine are served chilled at 8�� �� 9��

Sparkling wine

Sparkling wine contains carbon dioxide (���). They are being bottled with the(���).

Carbon dioxide (���) is not allowed to escape.

The gas is prevented from escape the alcohol present in the bottle is between 10 to

13 %. The glass bottles used for sparkling wine has to be thick to withstand the

pressure of the gas present behind the cork

Best among sparkling wine is champagne

Sparkling wine are served chilled at 6�� �� 8��

Fortified wine

Fortified wine are still wine to which brandy is added

This process increases the alcohol strength. It contains 15 to 24% of alcohol. It

stops fermentation and it increases the wines shelf life

These drinks are served both as a pre meal and post meal drink

Best known fortified wines are Sherry, Masala, Port, and Madeira.

Classification of fortified wine

sherry

port

Madeira

Marsala

Malaga

still wine

brandyfortified

wine

SHERRY

Sherry is an example of most demanded fortified wine. It comes from ‘Jerez’

district in the south of Spain the word cherry is an Anglicization of Jerez

Type of sherry

Fino Pale in colour

Manzanilla Very Pale in colour

Amontillado Yellow in colour

Olorosso Dark in colour

PORT

Porto is an accompaniment of blue-veined cheese which is served traditionally served it

is produced from the group grown in Upper douro valley of northern Portugal

MADEIRA

Madeira is a Portuguese fortified wind which comes from the island of Madeira in the

Atlantic Ocean

MARSALA

Marsala is a fortified wine which comes from North West Sicily.

It is made from the blend of white wine, brandy, heated must, which is then matured

MALAGA

Malaga is a sweet fortified wine that comes from Malaga on the Mediterranean coast of

Spain.

It is made from the grapes dried on the straw mats in the sun it is then mixed with

concentrated grape juice after fermentation and then fortified

Cider

It is obtained from the fermentation of apple juice

Perry

Perry is obtained from the fermentation of pear juice. It is made that same way as cider.

BREWED & FERMENTED DRINKS

It is similar to fortified drinks but the difference is whine is usually malted & crushed cereals, it

is brewed in hot water to get maximum soluble sugar from the malt, and its then cooled and

allowed to ferment with the addition of yeast

Examples of Brewed & fermented drinks are

Beer

Sake

BEER’S

Beer is brewed and fermented drink. Most beer are made from barley malt .ground

up malt is added to hot water to make them get easily mashed. This process is

called as ‘mashing’. The alcohol content in deer is between 4 to 10%

LAGER ALE STOUT

DIET DRAFT

Classification of beers

Lager: bottom fermented beer Lagers are probably the most common type of beer consumed.

They were originated from the Central European country, which was named after the German

"Lagern" (to store) Lagers are bottom-fermented, where the yeast culture ferments at the

bottom of the fermenting vessel (or) tank.

They were traditionally stored at a low temperature for weeks.

The alcohol content of lager beer is 3–6%

Ale beer: Top-fermented beers. Top-fermented beers tend to be more flavorsome.

The beer have strong hop flavor including a variety of grain flavors and fermentation flavors.

Stout: stout beer is produced by roasting the millets to give dark colour to it.

The beer has strong malt flavor.

Draft beer: These beers has to be kept refrigerated between 35°F and 40°F

Draft beer has only 2 weeks shelf life.

Diet beer: these are produced by special fermentation process.

It contains high alcohol content.

They are as same as lager beer which is low in calorie.

SAKE

Sake is a Japanese drink which is obtained from their main crop rice.

DISTILLED DRINKS

BRANDY

(fermentedgrape juice )

GIN,WHISKY

(fermanted cerial)

TEQUILA

(fermanted sap of agave tequilan weber)

RUM

(fermanted molasses)

VODKA

(fermanted potates or cerials)

BRANDY

Brandy: it is a spirit distilled from grapes (wine).

Flavored brandies are named after the fruit used to flavor it; some examples are cherry

brandy, peach brandy, and apricot brandy.

It is stored between 15� �� 18��

It is best served at room temperature

Cognac is the famous famous brandy which is from France.

GIN

Gin: it is a spirit distilled from cereals and flavored with flavouring agents like juniper

berries, orange peel, lime, coriander seeds

Gin originated from Holland

Types of gin

Holland gin

London dry gin

Holland gin: it is distilled twice using pot stilling methods

London dry gin: it is first distilled in patent stiller and then distilled for the second time in

the pot stiller.

WHISKY

Whisky: it is a spirit distilled from fermented barley, corn during fermentation the drink

gets its amber colour.

Type of whisky

Scotch

Irish

Canadian or rye

American or us

Bourbon whiskey

Japanese

Indian

Scotch: it is world’s finest whisky

Scotch whisky is distilled in Scotland

Irish : Irish whisky is distilled in Ireland

The Irish spells whisky as ‘whiskey’

Canadian: Canadian whisky is distilled in Canada

American or us: American whisky is distilled in America

The American’s spell whisky as ‘whiskey’

Bourbon whisky is named after the country bourbon which is prepared in

Kentucky

Tennessee whiskey is whisky is distilled in Tennessee

Japanese : Japanese whisky is distilled in Japan

Indian: Indian whisky is distilled in India

TEQUILA

Tequila: Tequila originated from Mexico

It is a spirit distilled from the fermented juice of Agave Tequilana Weber

(Agave Tequilana Weber – it is a plant a type of plant)

RUM

Rum: it is a spirit distilled from molasses or sugarcane juice

(Molasses - which is a byproduct of sugarcane)

Types of rum:

White or light rum

Golden rum

Dark rum

Spiced rums

Flavored rums

Light rums: Light rums are light or clear in color.

They are also referred to as white rum.

They are often aged (or) stored for long years in glass lined barrel to prevent the rum

from absorbing the colour of the barrel while storing them

They have very little flavor and are used in cocktails

Gold rums: Gold rums are also known as amber rums.

They are often aged (or) stored for long years in charred oak barrels. To get the golden

colour. Sometimes some or small amount of caramel is also added to it

They have stronger flavor compared to light rums.

Dark rums: dark rum is darker in color such as black, red.

They are aged (or) stored for long years in heavily charred oak barrels. To get the dark

colour. Sometimes some amount of caramel is also added to it.

They are stronger and sweeter than light and gold rums.

Spiced rums: These rums obtain the flavor from spices or caramel.

They are dark in color and may have spices such as cinnamon, rosemary,

absinthe/aniseed, or pepper.

Flavored rums: rums which infused (or) mixed with additional flavors such as banana,

coconut, citrus, etc.

VODKA

Vodka: it is a spirit distilled from barley, corn, ray, potatoes

It is a clear drink which is tast less odder less

Vodka originated from Russia.

The term ‘vodka’ is derived from the Slavic word voda (water)

It is a national drink of Russia and Spain.

Vodka is normally mixed with orange juice,

Types of vodka:

Neutral vodka

Flavored vodka

Neutral vodka: it is distilled from grains or potato juice.

Neutral vodka are highly rectified by filtering it through a activated charcoal

This is done to get rid of the flavor and smell of potato.

Flavored vodka: these are vodka that is flavored using natural flavored material.

The flavorings added are to be named before it. For example orange flavored vodka,

zubrowka vodka

Brand names

Of

Some

Alcoholic beverages

FERMANTE DRINKS

RED WINE

RED WINE

WHITE WINE

CIDER

PERRY

SPARKLING WINE

CHAMPAGNE

FORTIFIED WINE

MARSALA

MADEIRA

PORT

BREWED

&

FERMANTED

BEER

SAKE

DISTILLED DRINKS

GIN

WHISKY

BRANDY

TEQUILA

RUM

VODKA