Akira Yamamoto (KEK) for the ILC-GDE Project Managers

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Global R&D Effort in the Global R&D Effort in the Technical Design Phase for the Technical Design Phase for the

ILCILC

I. OverviewI. OverviewII. Superconducting RF Development II. Superconducting RF Development

Akira Yamamoto (KEK) Akira Yamamoto (KEK)

for the ILC-GDE Project Managersfor the ILC-GDE Project Managers

To be presented at the 2To be presented at the 2ndnd AISA ILC R&D AISA ILC R&D Seminar,Seminar,

Deagu, September 29, 2008 Deagu, September 29, 2008

I. OverviewI. Overview

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Toward Technical Design Toward Technical Design ReportReport

Reference Design, 2007 --> Technical Design Phase, 2008-20123

RReference eference DDesign esign RReport, eport, published, 2007 published, 2007

SC linacs: 2x11 kmSC linacs: 2x11 km for 2x250 GeVfor 2x250 GeV

Injector centralizedInjector centralized Circular damping ringsCircular damping rings

IR with 14 mrad IR with 14 mrad crossing anglecrossing angle

Parameter Value

C.M. Energy 500 GeV

Peak luminosity 2x1034 cm-2s-1

Beam Rep. rate 5 Hz

Pulse time duration 1 ms

Average beam current

9 mA 　 (in pulse)

Average field gradient

31.5 MV/m

# 9-cell cavity 14,560

# cryomodule 1,680

# RF units 560

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Critical R&Ds in TDPCritical R&Ds in TDP SCRFSCRF

High Gradient : 35 MV/m at the yield 90 % High Gradient : 35 MV/m at the yield 90 % (S0)(S0)

Plug-compatibilityPlug-compatibility System Engineering (S1, S2)System Engineering (S1, S2)

Conventional Facilities & SitingConventional Facilities & Siting Tunnel: Deep/Shallow, Double/Single TunnelTunnel: Deep/Shallow, Double/Single Tunnel

Accelerator SystemsAccelerator Systems Positron sources, Positron sources, Low emittance: Low emittance: ATF, CESR-TAATF, CESR-TA

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June 30. 2008 M. Ross for PM 8

Minimum Machine StudyMinimum Machine Study Physics scope (WWS document)Physics scope (WWS document)

200-500 GeV centre-of-mass energy range200-500 GeV centre-of-mass energy range 2x102x103434 cm cm-2-2ss-1-1

polarized electronspolarized electrons Identify cost-driving requirements and Identify cost-driving requirements and

criteriacriteria Push back on them to acceptable minimumPush back on them to acceptable minimum CFS will be primary targetCFS will be primary target

Underground volume and constructionUnderground volume and construction Process cooling waterProcess cooling water

Definition document due late 2008Definition document due late 2008 Led by Project Manager Nick Walker (DESY) Led by Project Manager Nick Walker (DESY)

and ILC Integration Scientist Ewan Paterson and ILC Integration Scientist Ewan Paterson (SLAC)(SLAC)

Towards a Re-Baselining in Towards a Re-Baselining in 20102010

ProcessProcess RDR baseline & VALUE element are maintainedRDR baseline & VALUE element are maintained

Formal baselineFormal baseline MM elements needs to be studies/reviewed internationallyMM elements needs to be studies/reviewed internationally

Regional balance in the AP&D groups involvedRegional balance in the AP&D groups involved Regular meetings and discussions (but top-down control from PM)Regular meetings and discussions (but top-down control from PM)

Formal review and re-baseline process beginning of 2010Formal review and re-baseline process beginning of 2010 Exact process needs definition (a PM action item for 2009)Exact process needs definition (a PM action item for 2009) Community sign-off mandatoryCommunity sign-off mandatory

MM def MM studies

2009 2010

New baseline engineering studies

2012Non-baseline elements

RDR Baseline (VALUE est.)

(RDR ACD concepts and R&D)

Main Linac SpecificMain Linac Specific Removal of support tunnel (single tunnel)Removal of support tunnel (single tunnel)

klystron cluster klystron cluster XFEL-likeXFEL-like Dubna option (surface klystron gallery)?Dubna option (surface klystron gallery)?

Klystron Cluster (HLRF)Klystron Cluster (HLRF) 30 klystrons located in localised surface buildings30 klystrons located in localised surface buildings ~300 MW RF power distributed in beam tunnel via ~300 MW RF power distributed in beam tunnel via

over-moded waveguideover-moded waveguide effectively ~1km RF uniteffectively ~1km RF unit

Marx modulatorMarx modulator

Reduced cost solution for process-water coolingReduced cost solution for process-water cooling Higher Higher T specificationT specification

alternative options

ILC R&D, Linac08, 20080930 11

downstreamupstream

The waveguides share a shaft down to the accelerator tunnel and then turn, one upstream and one downstream to feed, through periodic tap-offs, a combined 64 RF units, or ~2.5 km of linac.

• service tunnel eliminated

• underground heat load greatly reduced

cluster building

shaft

accelerator tunnel

High Power RF distribution using Over-High Power RF distribution using Over-moded waveguidemoded waveguide

Minimum Machine: Current Minimum Machine: Current DefinitionDefinition

““Minimum MachineMinimum Machine” now refers ” now refers to a set of identified options to a set of identified options ((elementselements) to be studied which ) to be studied which may reduce the cost.may reduce the cost.

Not a Not a minimumminimum in a definable in a definable sensesense

But a potential reduced-cost But a potential reduced-cost solutions…solutions…

with a potential higher with a potential higher performance risk or performance risk or operational impactoperational impact

An An alternativealternative design design (ACD-like) (ACD-like) for study purposesfor study purposes

Comparison with RDR baselineComparison with RDR baseline Cost (not performance) drivenCost (not performance) driven options which were not options which were not

studied during RDR phasestudied during RDR phase

Important to restrict options to Important to restrict options to manageable levelsmanageable levels

available resourcesavailable resources

Must consider both Must consider both peak and peak and integratedintegrated performanceperformance

2. SCRF 2. SCRF

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SCRF: OutlineSCRF: Outline

RequirementsRequirements R&D StatusR&D Status

Fundamental research with Fundamental research with single-cell single-cell cavitiescavities

Progress in Progress in 9-cell 9-cell cavities cavities Plan for Technical Design PhasePlan for Technical Design Phase

High High GradientGradient,, Plug-compatible Plug-compatible EngineeringEngineering

Global Plan and EffortGlobal Plan and Effort Summary Summary

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TDP Goals of TDP Goals of ILC-SCRF R&DILC-SCRF R&D Field Gradient Field Gradient

35 MV/m35 MV/m for cavity performance for cavity performance (S0)(S0) 31.5 MV/m 31.5 MV/m (10 % lower) for operational gradient(10 % lower) for operational gradient

to build two x 11 km SCRF main linacsto build two x 11 km SCRF main linacs

Cavity & Cryomodule Integration Cavity & Cryomodule Integration withwith ““Plug-compatible” Plug-compatible” concept to: concept to:

Encourage “improvement” and creative work in R&D phaseEncourage “improvement” and creative work in R&D phase Motivate practical ‘Project Implementation’ to share Motivate practical ‘Project Implementation’ to share

intellectual work in global effortintellectual work in global effort

Accelerator System Engineering andTests Accelerator System Engineering andTests Cavity-string Cavity-string in one cryomodule in one cryomodule (S1, S1-global) (S1, S1-global) Cryomodule-string Cryomodule-string with with BeamBeam Acceleration Acceleration (S2)(S2)

With one RF-unit containing 3 crymoduleWith one RF-unit containing 3 crymodule

Cavity Shape Design Cavity Shape Design InvestigatedInvestigated

TESLATESLA Lower E-Lower E-

peakpeak Lower risk of Lower risk of

field emissionfield emission LL/IS, RELL/IS, RE

Lower B-Lower B-peakpeak

Potential to Potential to reach higher reach higher gradientgradient

18LL: low-loss, IS: Ichiro-shape, RE: re-entrant

Progress in Single Cell Progress in Single Cell Cavity Cavity

Record of Record of 59 MV/m59 MV/m achieved with the RE cavity with EP, BCP and pure- achieved with the RE cavity with EP, BCP and pure-water rinsing with collaboration of Cornell and KEKwater rinsing with collaboration of Cornell and KEK

(K. Saito, H. Padamsee et al. , SRF-07)(K. Saito, H. Padamsee et al. , SRF-07)

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R&D Status of R&D Status of 9-Cell 9-Cell Cavity Cavity EuropeEurope

““Gradient” improved Gradient” improved ((<31.5> MV/m<31.5> MV/m) ) with Ethanol rinse with Ethanol rinse (DESY): (DESY):

Large-grain cavity (DESY)Large-grain cavity (DESY) Surface process with baking in Ar-gas (Saclay)Surface process with baking in Ar-gas (Saclay) Industrial (bulk) EP demonstrated Industrial (bulk) EP demonstrated (<36> MV/m) (<36> MV/m) (DESY)(DESY)

America(s)America(s) Basic research and surface process Basic research and surface process (Cornell, JLab, Fermilab)(Cornell, JLab, Fermilab) Field emission reduced with Ultrasonic Degreasing using Field emission reduced with Ultrasonic Degreasing using

Detergent, and “Gradient” improved (JLab) Detergent, and “Gradient” improved (JLab) Large-grain cavity Large-grain cavity (<36> MV/m)(<36> MV/m) (JLab) (JLab) Surface process facility (Fermilab/ANL)Surface process facility (Fermilab/ANL) Vertical (cold) test facility with thermometry (Fermilab) Vertical (cold) test facility with thermometry (Fermilab)

AsiaAsia ““Gradient” demonstratedGradient” demonstrated, 36MV/m, 36MV/m (LL, KEK-JLab), and (LL, KEK-JLab), and 28 28

MV/m MV/m (TESLA-like in cryomodule, KEK)(TESLA-like in cryomodule, KEK) Optical inspectionOptical inspection system (KEK) system (KEK) 20

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ILC operationILC operation ：： <31.5> MV/m<31.5> MV/m

R&D StatusR&D Status ：： ~ 30 MV/m to ~ 30 MV/m to

meet XFEL meet XFEL requirementrequirement

“Operational Field Gradient” in progress at TESLA/FLASH toward

EuroXFEL

•We need 20 % improvement to meet ILC requirement

DESY: Field Emission Analysis

Cavity gradient shifted to High Gradient by ‘ethanol rinse’,except for “lowest two” (due to different reasons)

20 MV/m 30 40

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0123456

no.

of

cavi

ties EP w/o ethanol: Eonset

EP w/o ethanol: Emax

0123456

no.

of

cavi

ties EP with ethanol: E_onset

EP with ethanol: Emax

Industrial EP at Industrial EP at DESY/Plansee DESY/Plansee

The average gradient, The average gradient, 36 MV/m, achieved 36 MV/m, achieved with AC115-118with AC115-11823

9-cell Progress in American 9-cell Progress in American LaboratoriesLaboratories

with Japanese contribution for ICHIRO-5 with Japanese contribution for ICHIRO-5

A (Accell), AES: TESLA shape, ICHITO: LL shape A (Accell), AES: TESLA shape, ICHITO: LL shape 2424

9-cell LL Cavity, Ultrasonic 9-cell LL Cavity, Ultrasonic DegreasingDegreasing

“ICHIRO-5” Studies at JLab-KEK“ICHIRO-5” Studies at JLab-KEK

Ultrasonic Cleaning with degreaser very effective to reduce field emission

TESLA-like 9-Cell Cavity at KEK

Cryomodule/Horizontal test Result

June 30 – July 25. 2008: with warm coupler and klystron connection for only BL#2: 28 MV/m achieved

SCRF Activities in AsiaSCRF Activities in Asia Participation in STF at KEKParticipation in STF at KEK

Cryomodule and coupler design (IHEP)Cryomodule and coupler design (IHEP) 9-cell cavity fabrication (PAL)9-cell cavity fabrication (PAL) LL single cell (IHEP)LL single cell (IHEP) Cavity design/processing (PNU/KNU)Cavity design/processing (PNU/KNU) Joining STF operation (RRCAT)Joining STF operation (RRCAT)

ChinaChina Cavity fabrication (Deep drawing, EBW, Cavity fabrication (Deep drawing, EBW,

CB) (IHEP,PKU.)CB) (IHEP,PKU.) Large grain cavity (Ningxia, PKU)Large grain cavity (Ningxia, PKU)

KoreaKorea Works other than SCRF (RTML design, cavity BPM, Works other than SCRF (RTML design, cavity BPM,

DR)DR) IndiaIndia

Nb material investigationNb material investigation Cavity fabrication in cooperation Cavity fabrication in cooperation with with

FNALFNAL Cavity process in cooperation Cavity process in cooperation with KEKwith KEK

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OutlineOutline

IntroductionIntroduction R&D StatusR&D Status

Fundamental research (with single cell Fundamental research (with single cell cavities)cavities)

Progress in 9-cell cavities Progress in 9-cell cavities Plan for Technical Design PhasePlan for Technical Design Phase

High Gradient,High Gradient, Plug-compatible EngineeringPlug-compatible Engineering

Global PlanGlobal Plan Summary Summary

Plan for Further High Gradient Plan for Further High Gradient R&D R&D

1: 1: ResearchResearch//find cause find cause of gradient limitof gradient limit for quenchfor quench: high resolution camera: high resolution camera

for field emission: for field emission: further surface analysisfurther surface analysis

2: 2: develop countermeasuresdevelop countermeasures for quench: for quench: remove beads & pitsremove beads & pits, ,

3: 3: verify verify countermeasurescountermeasures exchange problem/informationexchange problem/information

4: 4: Integrate Integrate the countermeasuresthe countermeasures install the countermeasure world-wide andinstall the countermeasure world-wide and

get get statisticsstatistics

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A New High Resolution, Optical Inspection System

cameracamera

white LED half mirror

EL EL

mirror

motor & gear for mirror

camera & lens

sliding mechanism of camera

tilted sheet illuminationby Electro-Luminescence

perpendicular illumination by LED & half mirror

Camera system (7µm/pix) in 50mm diameter pipe.

For visual inspection of cavity inner surface.

~600µm beadson Nb cavity

30Iwashita (Kyoto) and Hayano (KEK) et al.

Guideline: Standard Procedure and Feedback Guideline: Standard Procedure and Feedback LoopLoop

StandardFabrication/Process

(Optional action)

Acceptance Test/Inspection

Fabrication Nb-sheet purchasing Chemical component analysis

Component (Shape) Fabrication Optical inspect., Eddy current

Cavity assembly with EBW Optical inspection

(Tumbling) (Optical Inspection)

Process EP-1 (Bulk: ~150um)

Ultrasonic degreasing (detergent) or ethanol rinse

High-pressure pure-water rinsing Optical inspection

Hydrogen degassing at 600 C (?) 750 C

Field flatness tuning

EP-2 (~20um)

Ultrasonic degreasing or ethanol (Flash/Fresh EP) (~5um))

High-pressure pure-water rinsing

General assembly

Baking at 120 C

Cold Test (vertical test)

Performance Test with temperature and mode measurement

Temp. mapping If cavity not meet specificationOptical inspection

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w/o optical inspection

Guideline: Standard Procedure and Feedback Guideline: Standard Procedure and Feedback LoopLoop

StandardFabrication/Process

(Optional action)

Acceptance Test/Inspection

Fabrication Nb-sheet purchasing Chemical component analysis

Component (Shape) Fabrication Optical inspect., Eddy current

Cavity assembly with EBW Optical inspection

(Tumbling) (Optical Inspection)

Process EP-1 (Bulk: ~150um)

Ultrasonic degreasing (detergent) or ethanol rinse

High-pressure pure-water rinsing Optical inspection

Hydrogen degassing at 600 C (?) 750 C

Field flatness tuning

EP-2 (~20um)

Ultrasonic degreasing or ethanol (Flash/Fresh EP) (~5um))

High-pressure pure-water rinsing

General assembly

Baking at 120 C

Cold Test (vertical test)

Performance Test with temperature and mode measurement

Temp. mapping If cavity not meet specificationOptical inspection

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w optical inspection

w optical inspection

w optical inspection

EP-1 (25 + 100 um removed)

After Fabrication EP-1 (25 um removed)

Comparison with each treatment #4 cell equator, Z=516mm, t=103 deg

Progress and Plan forProgress and Plan forCavity-Cryomdule IntegrationCavity-Cryomdule Integration

Europe (EU)Europe (EU) Input-coupler industrial assessment for XFEL (LAL-Orsay) Input-coupler industrial assessment for XFEL (LAL-Orsay)

America(s) (AMs)America(s) (AMs) Cryomodule design (FNAL)Cryomodule design (FNAL) Cryogenic engineering (FNAL in cooperation with CERN)Cryogenic engineering (FNAL in cooperation with CERN) SCRF Test Facility (FNAL)SCRF Test Facility (FNAL)

Asia (AS)Asia (AS) Cryomodule engineering design (KEK/IHEP)Cryomodule engineering design (KEK/IHEP) Superconducting test facility (KEK)Superconducting test facility (KEK)

A global effort for Cavity/Cryomodule AssemblyA global effort for Cavity/Cryomodule Assembly Plug-compatible integration Plug-compatible integration and test in cryomoduleand test in cryomodule: :

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Plug-compatibly of Cavities Plug-compatibly of Cavities ImportantImportant for Global Cooperation for Global Cooperation

Plug-compatible interface need to be established

Plug compatible Plug compatible conditions at Cavity conditions at Cavity package (example)package (example)

Item Can be flexible

Plug-compatible

Cavity shape TeSLA/LL/RE

Length Required

Beam pipe dia Reuuired

Flange Required

Tuner 0

Coupler flange Required

He –in-line joint

Required

Input coupler TBD TBD

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Why Why “Plug compatible” “Plug compatible”

Integration and EngineeringIntegration and Engineering ? ?

Encourage R&D effort specially to improve the Encourage R&D effort specially to improve the “gradient”“gradient” Cavity Type: Cavity Type: Tesla, Low-loss (Ichiro), Re-entrantTesla, Low-loss (Ichiro), Re-entrant Material:Material: Fine-grain or large grain Fine-grain or large grain Preparation:Preparation: EP, Rinsing, EP, Rinsing, Tuner type: Tuner type: various designed w/ various arguments, various designed w/ various arguments, Input-coupler: Input-coupler: Fixed, Tunable, However, Fixed, Tunable, However,

The “plug –compatible” concept is important, The “plug –compatible” concept is important, Beam pipe, cryogenics, and RF connections: Beam pipe, cryogenics, and RF connections: need to be need to be

“plug-compatible”“plug-compatible” Cavity-Integration in Cryomodule: R&D inCavity-Integration in Cryomodule: R&D in global effortglobal effort

Intending Intending “plug-compatibility”“plug-compatibility”

CavityCavity Status: still in “basic research” to improve Status: still in “basic research” to improve

field gradient (limit),field gradient (limit), Establish: unified interface conditions, Establish: unified interface conditions, Keep: “room” to improve field gradient,Keep: “room” to improve field gradient,

CryomoduleCryomodule Status: ready for “system engineering”Status: ready for “system engineering” Establish: unified interface conditions,Establish: unified interface conditions, Intend: nearly identical engineering designIntend: nearly identical engineering design But: need to adapt to each regional industrial But: need to adapt to each regional industrial

constraints (for example: High Pressure Code) constraints (for example: High Pressure Code) 38

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Cavity and Cryomodule Performance Cavity and Cryomodule Performance TestTest

with Plug Compatibility, in Global with Plug Compatibility, in Global EffortEffort

Cavity integration and the String Test Cavity integration and the String Test to be organized with:to be organized with: 2 cavities from DESY and Fermilab 2 cavities from DESY and Fermilab 4 cavities from KEK4 cavities from KEK Each half-cryomoducle from INFN and KEKEach half-cryomoducle from INFN and KEK

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Beam Acceleration Test Beam Acceleration Test with one RF Unit (S2)with one RF Unit (S2)

Plan for KEK-STF-2 in ILC-TDP2

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OutlineOutline

IntroductionIntroduction R&D StatusR&D Status

Fundamental research (with single cell Fundamental research (with single cell cavities)cavities)

Progress in 9-cell cavities Progress in 9-cell cavities Plan for Technical Design PhasePlan for Technical Design Phase

Cavity Gradient,Cavity Gradient, Plug-compatible EngineeringPlug-compatible Engineering

Global Plan and Effort Global Plan and Effort Summary Summary

Global Plan for SCRF Global Plan for SCRF R&D R&D

Calender Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Technical Design Phase TDP-1 TDP-2

Cavity Gradient R&D

to reach 35 MV/m

Process Yield > 50%

Production Yield

>90%

Cavity-string test:

with 1 cryomodule

Global collab. For <31.5 MV/m>

System Test with beam

1 RF-unit (3-modulce)

FLASH (DESY)

STF2 (KEK)

NML (FNAL)

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Cooperation with EuroXFEL Cooperation with EuroXFEL and Other Projectsand Other Projects

Further SCRF Accelerator Project Plans investigated:

• Project X at Fermilab, SC Proton Linac at CERN, and ERL at KEK

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SummarySummary Technical Design Phase in progressTechnical Design Phase in progress: :

Phase-1Phase-1: Technical reality to beexamined: Technical reality to beexamined, , 35 MV/m 35 MV/m with yield with yield 50 % for 9-cell 50 % for 9-cell cavity and cavity and < 31.5 MV/m> < 31.5 MV/m> with the cavity-string in a cryomodule with the cavity-string in a cryomodule Plug-compatible Plug-compatible crymodule to be examined with global effort.crymodule to be examined with global effort.

Phase-2: Phase-2: Technical credibilityTechnical credibility to be verified to be verified 35 MV/m 35 MV/m with the with the yield yield 90 % for 9-cell 90 % for 9-cell cavity field gradient of cavity field gradient of System engineering and beam acceleration with one RF unit System engineering and beam acceleration with one RF unit

and 3 cryomodules with the and 3 cryomodules with the field gradient <31.5> MV/m. field gradient <31.5> MV/m.

We aim forWe aim for Global cooperation for the ILC SCRF technology with Global cooperation for the ILC SCRF technology with

having having plug-compatibilityplug-compatibility, and , and with scoping smooth with scoping smooth extension to the ILC construction/production phase. extension to the ILC construction/production phase.

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Backup

EDR Management: 47

ILC-GDE Project Management ILC-GDE Project Management in TDP in TDP

ILC Council (ILCSC)Funding Agencies and Institutions

Executive CommitteeMembership: TBD

SCRF CF&S Acc. Sys.Asia Americas Europe

Project Management OfficeEDMS

Cost Management

Global Design Effort

Institution InstitutionInstitution Instit. ….Instit. ….

Director Accelerator Advisary Panel