Ajit Ranade

TUG2002TUG2002 September 2002September 2002

TeX in IndiaTeX in India

Looking Back, Looking ForwardLooking Back, Looking Forward

Ajit RanadeAjit Ranade

TUG 2002, ThiruvananthapuramTUG 2002, Thiruvananthapuram


A Geographic

Idea of India


An Economic Idea of India

Strengths

sustained growth at 6.4 for over a decade (but recent slowdown)

strong export potential, current a/c deficit low

healthy forex reserves low external debt low inflation regime political consensus on reforms deepening financial sector knowledge base advantage,

demographic surge

Weaknesses

fiscal deficit high, debt gdp ratio high fiscal situation of states worse inadequate infrastructure, huge funding

need unsatisfactory investment climate rising gap between rich and poor states dependence on oil imports, monsoons slowing of reforms, coalition compulsions social indicators below world average


GDP Growth Trend

0123456789

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

GDP

Gro

wth

(%)

IndiaWorld

PPP GDP about US $2 trillion, fourth highest in the world


High Service Sector Growth

2000-01

53.3

24.8

21.9

1990-91

Services43.7

Agriculture30.9

Industry25.4


accounts for about 2% of India’s GDP.accounts for about 2% of India’s GDP.In FY01, its share was 1.5% of the global market In FY01, its share was 1.5% of the global market ($387 bn).($387 bn).In FY02, the size of the industry was Rs. 485 bn of In FY02, the size of the industry was Rs. 485 bn of which exports accounted for 76% and domestic which exports accounted for 76% and domestic software 24%. software 24%. India exports software to 102 countries.India exports software to 102 countries.An unexpected bonus of highly subsidised tech An unexpected bonus of highly subsidised tech education?education?

Indian Software IndustryIndian Software Industry


050

100150200250300350400450500

FY95

FY96

FY97

FY98

FY99

FY00

FY01

FY02

(E)

Exports Domestic

Size of Indian Software Industry (in Rs.bn)Size of Indian Software Industry (in Rs.bn)

FY02 (in Rs. Bn): FY02 (in Rs. Bn): Exports 369Exports 369Dom. Market 116Dom. Market 116

FY02 Growth Rate:FY02 Growth Rate:Exports 30%Exports 30%Dom. Market 18%Dom. Market 18%


IT Enabled ServicesIT Enabled Services•Recently emerged as a major driver of software Recently emerged as a major driver of software industryindustry

•Covers services like medical transcription, Covers services like medical transcription, customer interaction service, data digitization, customer interaction service, data digitization, back office operationsback office operations

•In FY02, showed 70% growth (Rs. 70 bn)In FY02, showed 70% growth (Rs. 70 bn)

•Employs over 1,00,000 peopleEmploys over 1,00,000 people

•Will account for 40% of all venture capital Will account for 40% of all venture capital investment by end of 2002investment by end of 2002


0 10 20 30 40

IT Services Exports

ITES Exports

Product and TechnologyServices

Domestic Market 13-1513-15

8-118-11

21-2421-24

28-3028-30

NASSCOM McKinsey Report 2002NASSCOM McKinsey Report 2002

NASSCOM Estimates for 2008 (in $ Bn)NASSCOM Estimates for 2008 (in $ Bn)


TeX in IndiaTeX in India• TeX Users’ Groups of India is 5 years old• Possibly the biggest TUG (?)• All 13 Indic scripts can be typeset in TeX (but only 10 of

5000 fonts free)• an estimated 8000 people work diectly on TeX for their

livelihood• Research and font development work almost totally done

outside India in the past• only one widely used TeX package done in India (pdfscreen)


TeX and Scientific PublishingTeX and Scientific Publishing

• Market concentrated, estimated value US $15bn• Elsevier share about 40%• total exports from Indian vendors for publishing

as a whole is US$ 100m, doubled in 3 years• Scientific publishing much smaller part• Training is a main bottleneck• TeX may be loosing to newer technologies


Some TeX India case studiesSome TeX India case studies

• Universities, research institutes• Medialab Asia, Homi Bhabha Centre• Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy • TechBooks• M.G. Antarrashtrira Hindi Vishwavidyalaya• Focal Image India• MacMillan, Thompson Press


Indian Readership Indian Readership


Readership SurveysReadership Surveys• Sources NRS and IRS• growth more than 10%, high in the Hindi belt• 180 m readers, Kerala 70%, Bihar 15%• average exposure only 16 minutes to media• Dainik Bhasker, Jagran now largest dailies• readership of dailies growth faster than literacy

growth during 1999-2002• 48% readership in 6 lakh villages


Outlook for ReadershipOutlook for Readership

•major book producing countrymajor book producing country•greatest English language book buying potential in greatest English language book buying potential in the worldthe world•growing literacy, edu institutions, and purchasing growing literacy, edu institutions, and purchasing powerpower•248 m adults are literate but do not read any 248 m adults are literate but do not read any publicationpublication.•FY03 may see a 20-25% sales growth in FY03 may see a 20-25% sales growth in publishingpublishing


TeX in India: Looking AheadTeX in India: Looking Ahead• Increasing marketshare in publishing, higher billing

rates and volumes• Catering to domestic publishing demand• technical documents in Indian languages• standardised encoding for all Indic scripts• Prof. Vidysagars’s vision - right-click on a ps file to

transliterate in any Indian font• Open Type fonts for all Indic scripts• TeX development from India


• Marriage of Unix/Linux localisation with TeX, also merge into Indic-computing effort

• same language subtitling• e-books, simputer, text-to-speech• training and outreach (the travelling TUG

secretariat, summer schools)• leveraging open-source (a la sunshine and solar

devices)

TeX in India: Looking Ahead (contd)TeX in India: Looking Ahead (contd)

Ajit Ranade

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