Airport Technology Administration R&D - Team Eagle Ltd.€¦ · Airport Technology Administration R&D ... (DFD) 9 Federal Aviation ... – Identify/Determine safety implications and

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Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal Aviation Administration Airport Technology

R&D

Overview of Airport R&D

Projects

SWIFT 2012 Conference and Trade Show

Joseph Breen, Airport Safety R&D Section,

FAA Wm. J. Hughes Technical Center

September 18, 2012

2 Federal Aviation Administration

Overview of Airport R&D Projects

September 18, 2012 2

Who are we?

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•  Visual Guidance

Lights, Signs, Paint/Markings, LEDs, Other Visual Cues, Incursions

•  Runway Surface Technology

Friction, Winter Ops, TALPA, Deicing, EMAS

•  Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF)

ARFF Vehicles, Firefighting Systems, Agents, Tools, Composites, NLA

Firefighting Strategies & Agent Methodology

•  Wildlife

Avian Radar, Wildlife Strike Database, Wildlife Management

•  Airport Design

Trapezoidal Grooves, FOD Detection, Taxiway Deviation Study

•  Aircraft Braking Friction

•  Heated Pavements

•  Aircraft Noise and Annoyance

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Federal Aviation Administration Visual Guidance

LED versus

Incandescent light

source

Federal Aviation Administration

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•  Runway Guard Lights.

•  Touchdown zone.

•  Runway Edge including Threshold,

End lights and Stopways.

•  Signs per location.

•  Taxiway curved segments

(centerline and edge).

•  Approach Light System.

•  Stop Bar.

•  Runway Centerline.

•  Rapid Exit Taxiway Indicator Lights

(RETIL) (up until the holding position

or runway vacated position).

•  Intermediate holding position.

•  Precision Approach Path Indicator

(PAPI)

Define what “system(s)” are not to be interspersed.

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How will this technology interact with present

airport systems?

  Established a Electrical Infrastructure Research

Team (EIRT)

•  A team of FAA and Industry experts to design an

Airport Lighting Infrastructure to take full advantage

of new lighting technologies.


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How will this technology interact with present

airport systems?

  Circuit designs considered so far:

  450 V, AC Parallel Circuit

  1.4 Amp, DC Series Circuit

  2.8 Amp, AC Series Circuit

  PWM, DC Series Circuit

  Preparing small scale testing of these

circuits.

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Runway Surface Technology




1000 ft

< 1000 ft

Problem

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Research Results

•  Satisfied NTSB Safety Recommendation A-84-37

–  Feasibility of using a soft ground material to arrest aircraft

–  Promulgating a standard




Charleston, West Virginia, January 2010

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September 18, 2012

Status of EMAS Research

•  FAA maintains open CRDA’s with two EMAS

manufacturers

–  ESCO/Zodiac (about to be renewed)

–  Norsk Glasgjenvinning (NGG)

•  ESCO

–  Continues to pursue product enhancement through improved protective

materials and quality control processes.

•  NGG

–  seeking operational deployments in Europe and pursuing North American

options and requirements.

–  NGG EMAS Product meets technical requirements of FAA AC 150/5220-22A.

NGG is seeking FAA Approval for their EMAS Product.

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FAA Airport Safety Technology R&D

EMAS Marking/Signage

Project Description:

• Determine if additional EMAS markings are required for pilot awareness, especially when other visual cues are more dominant (blast fence).

• Determine if additional EMAS markings are required for preventing inadvertent vehicle and aircraft entry.

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Runway Friction

Background

•  Research program maintains a group of FAA

owned continuous friction measuring equipment

(CFME) and decelerometers that support various

FAA research projects, investigations, and industry

friction survey affairs.

•  Evaluate different equipment, tools, devices, and

methods in evaluating runway surface conditions

for safer aircraft operations on airports for

pavement maintenance and winter operations.




Runway Friction Measuring Equipment

FAA CFMEs •  Dynatest Runway Friction Tester (RFT)

•  Saab SARSYS Surface Friction Tester (SFT)

•  Neubuert Aero Corp (NAC) Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT)

•  Skiddometer BV-11

–  Decelerometers

•  Tapley

•  NAC Electronic Dynamic Friction Decelerometer (DFD)

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Aircraft Rescue and Fire

Fighting (ARFF) Research




Three Primary Research

Areas: –  New Fire Fighting

Technologies

–  Advanced Composite Material

Fire Fighting

–  New Large Aircraft (NLA)

Aircraft Rescue & Fire Fighting

(ARFF) Research

Carbon laminate

Carbon sandwich

Other composites

Aluminum

Titanium

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(ARFF) Research New Fire Fighting Technologies

–  Next Generation High Reach Extendible Turret (HRET) •  Final Report Published 11/2011

–  Cargo Aircraft Fire Fighting •  Conducting lab and medium scale fire testing

•  Preparing for full-scale fire tests in early 2012

Advanced Composite Material Fire Fighting –  Development of a Live Fire Test Protocol

•  Studying fire characteristics of materials using different flame sources and material configurations

New Large Aircraft (NLA) –  Methodologies for determining the required amount of fire fighting agent

•  Two reports produced –  First report published 11/2011

–  Second report anticipated to be published this mid-December.

–  ARFF Strategies for NLA •  Draft Report under revision





(ARFF) Research

•  Cargo Aircraft Fire Fighting

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Wildlife R&D




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FAA Airport Safety R&D

August 13, 2012



August 13, 2012

•  Managing Habitat

–  Limiting food and water sources

•  Understanding Behavior

–  Tracking Bird Movements

–  Bird use of surrounding properties

•  Controlling Hazards

–  Harassing and scaring

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August 13, 2012

•  Total Count: 136,648 (through June 2012)

•  62% of strikes occur during day=me

•  60% occur during landing

•  37% occur during takeoff

•  41% of commercial strikes occur at 0 B AGL

•  72% below 500 B AGL

•  92% below 3500 B AGL

Annual Totals by Month



August 13, 2012

BSTAR at DFW

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August 13, 2012

•  Phase 1 – Literature Review

–  Identify Technology and State of the Art

•  Phase 2 – Safety Risks

–  Identify/Determine safety implications and risks of using on civil airport

–  Determine safety risk mitigation

–  Determine feasibility and practicality of use given known safety risks

•  Phase 3 – Effectiveness (USDA)

–  Determine effect on bird behavior

•  Phase 4 – Concepts of Operation

–  Develop concepts of safe and effective operational use

–  Include integrated systems that utilized radar controlled deterrent devices


Airport Design

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February 28, 2012 29


Identify and evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of using an

alternative saw cut grooving technique that creates a trapezoidal groove.

Project Status:

-  Technical Note was published in May 2012 (DOT/FAA/TC-TN 12/7). -  Continue to field calls on approval status of trapezoidal groove.

-  Investigating new mobile technology for rapidly measuring grooves shapes.



February 28, 2012 30

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Runway Grooving (ORD)

Notice Closure of Standard Grooves

Trap closed slightly, but still maintained ‘open’ shape.




Runway Grooving (ORD)

Notice Difference in Rubber on Standard Grooves

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Runway Grooving (Quantico)

Notice Damage to Edge of Standard Grooves

No Evidence of Damage on Trap




•  Develop an understanding of the behavior of larger

design group aircraft on smaller design group airports, in

preparation for arrival of NLA and for consideration of

smaller Airplane Design Group (ADG) airports.

•  Determine the extent and probability of any deviation from taxiway centerline.

Taxiway Centerline Deviation

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Overview of Airport R&D Projects 35

•  Currently looking for ADG-II airports to participate.

•  Need 35’ wide taxiway, 400’ long (straight), power source nearby, ADG-II traffic





- Evaluate and develop

operational performance

standards for ground based FOD

Detection systems designed to

detect foreign object debris (FOD)

that is on the surface of a runway

or taxiway.

- The following four types of

systems have been evaluated:

Radar, Optical/Cameras, Hybrid

(Radar/Optical), and Mobile Radar.

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•  Two AC’s are out and published.

•  Continue development of national FOD database

(FOD.FAA.GOV)

•  Continue Characterization Study of FOD being found

at airports – ORD and others

•  Evaluation/assessment of

FOD Removal tools

•  New Technologies

Fod Boss


Aircraft Braking Friction

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Aircraft Braking

March 9, 2012 39

Background •  Southwest Airlines (SWA) Boeing 737-7H4 Airplane Accident at Chicago

Midway International Airport (MDW) on Dec. 8, 2005

–  Airplane Ran Off the Departure End of MDW Runway 31C After Landing Under Heavy Snow Conditions.

•  National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Safety Recommendations –  NTSB Issued Safety Recommendation A-07-58 through -64 to the FAA, in response to

the SWA Airplane Accident including the following:

“Demonstrate the technical and operational feasibility of outfitting transport-category airplanes with equipment and procedures required to routinely calculate, record, and convey the airplane braking ability required and/or available to slow or stop the airplane during the landing roll. If feasible, require operators of transport-category airplanes to incorporate use of such equipment and related procedures into their operations.”


Aircraft Braking

August 14, 2012

Aircraft Braking Friction – Research

•  Measure aircraft tire braking forces on contaminated (ice- and snow-covered) surfaces using:

–  Braking Research Aircraft (Boeing 727-25C).

–  Pavement Load Test Vehicle Single Wheel Module

•  Develop mathematical models of aircraft braking systems during operation on contaminated surfaces and implement using:

–  Anti-Skid Brake System (ASBS) Simulation Lab.

•  Use a full-motion flight simulator to:

–  Evaluate simulator tire force and ASBS mathematical models.

–  Learn more about pilots’ responses during operation on contaminated surfaces.

–  Evaluate different operational procedures for accessing and processing responses from the aircraft systems.

•  Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRDA) with Team Eagle Ltd.

- Joint Research on Aircraft Braking Friction Characteristics on Contaminated Runways.

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Aircraft Braking

August 14, 2012

Aircraft Instrumentation •  Strain Gages will be installed on all landing gear of Braking Research Aircraft for measurement

of forces generated during wheel braking conditions on contaminated runways.

•  Wheel speed transducers and optical sensor installed on aircraft for measurement of wheel

speed and aircraft speed.

•  Accelerometers being installed for measurement of acceleration at cockpit, at aircraft C.G., and

in longitudinal direction at nose gear.

•  Data acquisition system installed on aircraft for measurement and recording of strain gage,

accelerometer, and speed sensor signals.


Aircraft Braking

August 14, 2012

Planned Aircraft Testing and Simulator Work Aircraft Testing

• Aircraft acceleration and deceleration performance tests on runway.

–  40 to 80 knots.

• Instrumentation tests, mostly on the FAA ramp on dry surfaces.

–  20 to 30 knots.

• Brake performance tests on dry and wet surfaces.

–  start on the FAA ramp and progress to runway. • Brake performance tests on ice and snow.

–  Manufactured snow and ice.

–  Natural snow.

• Stopping performance tests on natural snow.

FAA Boeing 737-800 Full-Motion Flight Simulator Work

• Need to evaluate accuracy of models for runway surface

contamination and Anti-Skid Brake System (ASBS).

• Full-Motion Flight Simulator runs to evaluate aircraft landing

performance using data from braking friction testing.

• Develop operational procedures for determining and reporting

aircraft braking performance (stopping distance) and pilot

performance by studies conducted in the full-motion flight simulator.

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Heated Pavement Research


ANG-E262 REDAC Committee

Aug 14, 2012

Heated Pavement Overview

Advisory Circular 150/5370-17

Airside Use of Heated Pavements.

1.  Principals of heated pavement operation.

2.  Guidance on system design and heat

requirements.

3.  Design process including feasibility, design,

and construction.

4.  Use of the AC is mandatory for all AIP funded

projects.

5.  All heated pavement projects must be

coordinated with the office of planning and

programming for AIP eligibility. AC issued March 29, 2011

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Aug 14, 2012

Electrically Conductive

Concrete Overlay

•  Grant for Prototype Project

•  Assess ability of a solar panel

system to apply smaller amounts of

energy continuously heat concrete

mass.

•  Electrically conductive concrete 20’

x 24’ 4” thick overlay powered by

solar panels and battery back-up.

•  Includes voltage regulator and data

acquisition equipment.

Dr. Ernie Heymsfield - University of Arkansas (PI)



Aug 14, 2012

•  Hydronic system for heating of concrete apron

in winter and air conditioning of airport terminal

in summer.

•  Phase I of Grant has been completed including

installation of a 40 feet x 80 feet concrete pad 11

inches thick with hydronic tubing installed 6

inches below top of concrete, and distribution

piping to planned geothermal wells.

•  Demonstration of concrete pad snow melting

capability accomplished in February, 2012.

•  Phase II of Grant has been awarded for

construction of geothermal wells and

mechanical systems. Construction contract

award anticipated in September, 2012.

Geothermal Heated Pavement Greater Binghamton Airport

Professor Bill Ziegler University of Binghamton (PI)

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Aircraft Noise and Annoyance



Aircraft Noise and Annoyance Survey


•  Update scientific evidence of the relationship between aircraft noise exposure and its effects on communities around U.S. airports

–  Conduct surveys out to DNL 55 •  Annoyance

•  Sleep Disturbance (possibly)

–  Collect noise exposure data

Why?

•  Need for updated data to base noise policy

•  Since 1990, 95% of noise social surveys have been overseas

•  Aircraft have gotten quieter, but more frequent

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Aircraft Noise and Annoyance Survey

•  Phase 1 – Test Plan (FY12/13)

–  Identify at least 10 airports to survey

–  Discuss data collection and analysis plan

•  Phase 2 – Survey Instrument (FY13)

–  OMB Approval - 6 to 9 months process

–  Have flexibility to collect additional information, such as sleep disturbance

•  Phase 3 – Data Collection (FY13/14)

–  Prior to data collection, contractor will report on airport coordination

–  Human response and noise exposure data collection in DNL 55 contour

–  Collect noise exposure data from noise monitors from airports where the data is available

•  Phase 4 – Data Analysis & Final Report (FY14)

–  Create dose-response curves for annoyance




Questions or Comments?

FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center

Airport Safety R&D Section

ANG-E261, Building 296

Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 08405

Joseph Breen, General Engineer

609-485-8825 [email protected]

www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov

Airport Technology Administration R&D - Team Eagle Ltd.€¦ · Airport Technology Administration R&D ... (DFD) 9 Federal Aviation ... – Identify/Determine safety implications and

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