Air journal jing jing liu 634049 final

Air StudioSemester 2,2015Student name:JingJing LiuStudent No:634049

Table Of Content

Introduction 1

Week 1- Design Futuring

Precedent 1-Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts 3

Precedent 2-Faculty of Management,Robert Gordon University 5

Week 2-Design Computation

Precedent 1-Guangzhou OperaOpera House,China 7

Precedent 2-Yokohama International Port Terminal 12

Week 3-Composition

Precedent 1-Facit Homes 16

Precedent 2-The Hangzhou Tennis Center 20

Conclusion /Grasshopper exercise/Learning Outcome 22

Introduction

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My name is Jingjing Liu. I'm a third year Bachelor of Architecture student. I like architecture, I always enjoy observing buildings and being curious about every joint of details. But only looking at the facade, painting, decoration and inside layout is not enough to satisfy my growing thirst for knowledge of architecture. I want to find out the process and the product of planning, designing and constructing buildings, and other physical structures. Fortunately, I obtained the chance to study architecture in university, I'm so glad that I can carry my sight into constructions and even design my own building.

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Precedent 1

Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts

Norwoch ,England 1974-1978

This bui lding is an art gal lery and museum located on the campus of the University of East Anglia,Norwich,United Kingdom.Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts contains a collection of world art, was one of the first major public buildings to be designed by the architect Norman Foster,completed in 1978.

To design this building ,Foster put all the varied functions and user groups-galleries and teaching spaces,students,academics and the public together in a single space,under one roof,It was a gallery without walls in the conventional sense.The Sainsburys shared a belief that the study of art should be a pleasurable experience.As a result the Sainsbury Centre is much more than a traditional gallery, where the emphasis is on art in isolation1

1“Foster+Partners:The Sainsbury Centre For Visual is equipped for the future”(May 19,2006)

2“Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts Norwich,Englans 1974-1978.”Foster,Foxster and Partners ,30-31,2001.

I t was an early example of a low-energy,’green’ architecture -these are fashionable ideas today,but at the time the concept of sustainable,ecological buildings was virtually unheard of.In order to create this uncluttered internal space,services and ancillaries are housed within the double layer of the walls and roof, which also provides access for lighting installations.Prismatic walls and roof trusses are visible externally at each end and support a flexible system of three different types of cladding panel-glazed,solid and grilled-which can be easily reconfigured in any combination.Internally, the walls and ceiling are lined with motorised aluminium louvres linked to light sensors2.The combination of natural an artificial lighting systems provides an almost infinite subtlety of control.

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PART A :Design Futuring

According to the reading "Design F u r u r i n g " 1,To ny p o i n t s o u t t h a t architects should concentrate the "sustanable development" on their design.Foster not only intergrated with nature well but also give the possiblity to redesign of bui ld ing i tse l f.For example,the new accommodation was added below ground ,at basement level.To the east and south of the existing building the ground falls away towards a lake.The building was modified to accommodate study collections and workshops in a rectangular continuation of basement.

The exterior gives little hint of what lies underneath.Approaching from the original building,a level grass lawn punctuated by rooflights and a narrow ramp disappearing beneath the turf provide a clue.

1Fry,Tony(2008).Design Futuring:Sustainability,Ethics and New Practice (Oxford:Berg),pp.1-16

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Precedent 2

Faculty of Management,Robert Gordon UniversityAberdeen,Scotland 1994-1998

The Faculty of Management marks t h e f i rs t p h a s e i n a t we nt y-ye a r masterplan to restructure Robert Gordon University,uniting its facilities within a new campus in rolling wooded countryside on the banks of the River Dee.

This building is a sustainable building which the sweeping profi le of the building is a response to the undulating topography and the existing tree canopy.The concrete frame forms terraces down the natural slope of the site,oversailed by a curving roof. As we can see from the image,it demonstrates a harmonious picture between nature and building.1

1　“Foster+Partners:The Sainsbury Centre For Visual is equipped for the future”(May 19,2006) ，151。

For the material, it mainly alternates with infill panels of aluminium amd glass in order to emphasis the building’s structure.Furthermore,this building is a low-cost,low-energy project which minimises maintenance and replacement costs and maximises natural light and ventilation.In a word, this building absolutely was presented a perfect example to future design.

Also the roof beams project beyoned the building envelope into the landscape at the southern end,where student common rooms overlook a winter garden ,opening onto riverside terraces. So this building emphasis the important of human feeling and the view which also important in the future design.

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Guangzhou OperaOpera House,ChinaZaha Hadid

Design Computation

Therefore,parametricism not only as a useful ,but also as an totally new kind of architecture which is a new aesthetic completely changed the design and construction industries.

For instance,the Guangzhou Opera House demonstrates the largest and most complex example of her new generation of primarily computer generated designs.Building the poetic idea of structures as waterworn rocks required advanced computat iona l technolog ies .“ The opera house structure,” Schumacher explains,“is a volume within a volume.” Housing the auditorium and fly tower is a concrete box with terraces cantilevering into the auditorium and lobby.The giant steel lattice that forms the exterior structure vaults out in all directions from this inner concrete volume,forming a shell with flat facets triangulated

Computing affect the design process deeply. Peter Brady points out that ‘computation is redefining the practice of architecture’. 1This is because architects are developing digital tools that create opportunities in design process,fabrication and construction.Meanwhile,Patrik Schumacher Came up with the idea of “parametricism”which started the contemporary design in architecture.That is,“no more axes,no more regularity,no more symmetry-nothing that smacks of the great architecture of the past.”2Also,avoiding right angles,avoid corners,avoid simple repetition of elements.

1　Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 102　Parametric Design:"What's Gotten Lost Amid the Algorithms”（July 11,2013)

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with steel members,the facets meet in rounded f i l let edges that pivot e a c h f a c e t t o w a r d t h e n e x t .T h e geometry of the auditorium represents a d i f ferent mathemat ica l spec ies altogether,developed in Maya as NURB surfaces1.

As the image shown,the outside of this building defined by their faceted structural skin,covered in triangular tiles made of glass and white and black granite.The skin combines parametric geometry with traditional methods,such as the sand-casting of the main structural steel nodes,and it is vaulted off a separate, interior volume of concrete that houses the opera theater.Working in Maya, the factory where the data was translated and milled into molds into which the final material-complex situations2.

3　Joseph Glovannini,“GuangZhou Opera House”The Journal Of The American Institute Of Architects(April 28,2011)

glass fiber-reinforced gypsum-could be cast.The forms were put together on site,forming continuous,seamless surfaces1.

In a word,architects use the computer as a virtual drafting board making it easier to edit,copy and increase the precision of drawings.On the other hand ,‘Computation’，allows designers to extend their abilities to deal with highly

4Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 10

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Precedent 2

Yokohama International Port Terminal FOA ,2001

The other one of the largest built examples is Foreign Office Architects’ cruise ship terminal in Yokohama ,Japan,a pier whose sinuous walking surface is said to have been inspired by traditional wave paintings.A primer on parametric design by the AIA California Council claimed that this project proves that “complex building forms correlated to a series of imaged or perceived parameters could be organized and constructed on a grand scale with dynamic,real-world results.” T h e b r i e f o f t h e Yo k o h a m a International Port Terminal asked for the articulation of a passenger cruise terminal and a mix of civic facilities for the use of citizens in one

The site had a pivotal role along the city’s water front that, if declared a pub l i c space ,would present Yokohama City with continuous structure of open public spaces along the waterfront.The parametric d e s i g n a l l o w s t h e p ro j e c t t o

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The project starts with what architects have named as the “no-return pier”,with the ambition to structure the precinct of the pier as fluid, uninterrupted and multi-directional space,rather than a gateway to flows of fixed orientation.A series of programmatically specific interlocking circulation loops allow the architects to subvert the traditional l i n e a r a n d b r a n c h i n g s t r u c t u r e characteristic of the building.Rather than developing the building as an object or figure on the pier,the project is produced as an extension of the urban ground,constructed as a systematic transformation of the l ines of the circulation diagram into a folded and bifurcated surface.1

1　Foreign Off ice Architects"Yokohama International Port Terminal",,arcspace.com,April 05,2007

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Peter Brady explained that computation has the potential to provide inspiration and go beyond the intellect of the des igner, l ike other techniques of architectural des ign, through the generation of unexpected results.An algorithm is a particular set of instructions,and for these instructions to be understood by the computer they must be written in a language the computer can understood,a code (by using grasshopper).1

For example,Facit Homes has developed proprietary system that link building information modeling to small-scale digital manufacturing tools.At detailed design-the equivalent of RIBA work stage E-the team produces a 3-D computer model that harnesses information for every aspect of the building,from the angle of the wall and the quantities of materials to the position of every plug socket1　Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 10

Composition / GenerationPrecedent 1Facit Homes

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Mr Bell describes as “ a big wooden bubble”.guided the development of his ideas,as it used parametric design, design with timber and digital manufacturing techniques.

Facit Homes claims to be the f irst company in the world to digita l ly fabricate a bespoke home on-site.The company has developed a process to the construction site,equipped with all the materials and machinery required to transform a 3D digital into a physical building.Bell claimed that“we are the first company in the world to have successfully trialed manufacturing a house on-site.”and“we bring our compact high-tech machine to site and make it there and then-its an amazingly efficient way of designing and making a house.”1

2Bridget Borgobello, “Facit Homes Claims to build world’s first ‘digitally fabricated ‘house” ,Gizmag,August 24,2012.

Facit Homes first designs the house using a 3D computer model which contains every aspect from its orientation,material quantities,even down to the position of individual plug sockets.The patented “D-process “then transforms the 3D digital designs into the home’s exact physical building components,using a computer controlled cutter.These components are usually made from engineered spruce ply and are light and easy enough to then be assembled together on site.Since the components are produced on demand,costs are kept to a minimum and lead times are eradicated.“It’s not a building system but a way of working,”said Bell

In a word,this unique construction m et h o d p ro v i d e s o n - s i te q u a l i t y c o n t r o l , p r e d i c t a b i l i t y , c o s t effect iveness ,speed,a low carbon footprint and flexibility.

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Precedent 2

The Hangzhou Tennis Center

NBBJ 2014

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Generation is playing an absolutely important role in the design process.Hangzhou Staium is an other example of parametric design.The Hangzhou Tennis Center is a 10,000-seat tennis stadium located in Hangzhou,china.The main stadium and the tennis finals court are the two main stadium and the tennis finals court are the two main structures on the site.Both facilities share a common architectural language of repetitive sculptural truss geometries which compose the exterior envelopes.Rhinoceros 3D with the Grasshopper plug-in were instrumental tools for the design and documentation for both stadiums.

The exterior envelope is composed of a twenty-four truss modules arrayed around a circular arc .Referred to as ‘perals’,the trusses create a large-scale repetitive pattern which encloses the stadium its visual image,the shell also functionally provides shade and rain protection for the seating bowl.

The design of the stadium envelope is based on a modular system of the sculptural steel trusses which provide shade and house the arena’s technical systems.To design the exterior ,an integrated parametric system was created to conceptualize,simulate, and document the complex geometric systems.1

1　Nathan Mi l ler,The Hangzhou Tennis Center: A case study in integrated parametric Design,ACADIA Regional ,2011

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Conclusion/Grasshopper exercise/Learning Outcome

Conlusion

These three weeks ,we learned about parametric design through lectures and tutorials.According to those examples I have presented .It proves parametric design dominates an essetial position in the contemponrary architecture.Therefore, to study how to use the grasshooper to create a project is our next process.

For my design, I aim to create a more complex system and to try to make different shapes in grasshopper.Such as the HangZhou Tennis Center,I intend to find the inspirition from the natural element and create differnt organic shapes in grasshopper.

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Conclusion/Grasshopper exercise/Learning Outcome

Grasshopper exercise/Learning Outcome

I pasted some grasshopper model we did in the tutorial class.The first two image showed a simple program which to set four points move up and loft ,then we could played with the parameter values.

For the columns diagram, based on the tutorial in the class,I added another random serise of circle.So I got two different size of colums.

The colour one is another exercise I did in tutorial class which I could play with the coulor and size with these triangles.

Through these three weeks studies ,I find more on parametric design,start to learn grasshpper and rihno which I found really interesting and pretty enjoy the process

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ReferenceFoster+Partners:The Sainsbury Centre For Visual is equipped for the future”(May 19,2006)

2“Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts Norwich,Englans 1974-1978.”Foster,Foxster and Partners ,30-31,2001.

Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 10

"Parametric Design:"What's Gotten Lost Amid the Algorithms”（July 11,2013)

Bridget Borgobello, “Facit Homes Claims to build world’s first ‘digitally fabricated ‘house” ,Gizmag,August 24,2012.

Nathan Miller,The Hangzhou Tennis Center: A case study in integrated parametric Design,ACADIA Regional ,2011

Part B

Case Study 1 Bang Resturant in Boston Research Field : Sectioning

The defination of sectioning indicate that shapes can follow an array and define the structure of a design through transformation: position, distance, twisting, scaling and so on If you are able to control and define the parameters of transformation of your array in a parametric way, shapes can define advanced and complex structures as sectionings.As an array, shapes can follow a path to define the structure of a design.Control the parameters of an array in a parametric way while following a path to define more complex structures of your design.1

The Bang Resturant in Boston show a sectioning structure and a complex parametric shape.In part B I will fellow the design method of this internal design .

1　http://de.hs-mainz.de/principles-cat/sectioning/

Metrix

To create a box and set a series points in this box.link those points and create a surface randomly.

Changing each slider to get different shapes of surfaces.

Link to the component of graphic and changing to the component to get more complex shapes.

Case study 2Absolute Towers

A b s o l u t e To w e rs i s a re s i d e n t i a l condominium twin tower skyscraper complex in the five tower Absolute City Centre development in Mississauga, Ontar io, Canada. The project was built by Fernbrook Homes and Cityzen Development Group. With the first three towers completed (Absolute City Centre 1 & 2 and Absolute Vision), the last two towers were topped off at 50 and 56 storeys.

This building shows a different struture to Bang resturant that the designer used the same shapes but different sizes of each plate and twist them irregularly.The Absolute Towers are unfailingly compared to human bodies; they require the anthropomorphic turn of thought that focused architectural modernism on abstract forms in space. 1

1 　 h t t p : / / w w w . d o m u s w e b . i t / e n /architecture/2012/11/07/an-empathetic-twist.html

Step 1 :point Step 2 line Ste 3 volumn

Step 4 :loft Step 5: cap

Top view

Top view

Perspective view

Perspective view

Metrix

Changing the slider of range twist the tower smoothly .At this stage,each sliced of this model are changing gradually which has more opptunities build in the real world.

In order to see more changeable shapes ,we also could change the component o f g r a p h i c s o t h a t s h a p e s w e r e demonstrated complexly.

Top view

Perspective view

Perspective view

Top view

Perspective view

Top view

Perspective view

To change the step slider and change the original form of the twist tower. The consequnse showed a totally different way of changing.

Top view

Perspective view

Top view

Perspective view

SITE ANALYSIS

Site Location:Merri Creek Primary School

Design Inspiration

Design opportunity: according to site visit ,we decide to choose the location where next to the Merri Creek primary school.During the site visit we discovered that the primary school student especially children in the early age want to touch to the plants in the nature.But their action may destory the nature.Therefore, our design will give the opptunity to get in touch with the nature.

The purpose of the designto allow chirldren to touch with the nature and also provide a place for the climbers (plants) growing

In this stage, we tried the different structure of the design in vertical.Twist the each leaf and place them like step by step.

The prototype came from the case study two which in 3D print .It tested the verticle load and appearence of the design

Prototype 1:String connection

Prototype 2:Waffle connection

Prototype 3: Brick Structure

Part C

C.1 Design Concept

Response to feedback

According to the feedback from the previous presentation.The initial design as the image showed had been recommend as the best prototype.Therefore, we decide to develop our final model by using the form of tension and cable.Linking to our concept that we want to create a project which give the oppportunity to contact with the nature.

Design opportunity: according to site visit ,we decide to choose the location where next to the Merri Creek primary school.During the site visit we discovered that the primary school student especially children in the early age want to touch to the plants in the nature.But their action may destory the nature.Therefore, our design will give the opptunity to get in touch with the nature.

The feedback suggest us to play with trees in our site so that we think about to create a tree's canopy and allow to children to do some activity in our project.The project will follow the landscape and the location of trees to develop.We address this prototype and the idea as our starting point in partC.As a tree's canopy , the natural shadow of trees will reacted on the canopy. Therefore, our project and trees will formed a natural canopy which attract children to stay in the nature.

Previous Design proposal

The significiant of design

MethodThe prototype demonstrates a tension form which is successful and possible to build.

According to the feedback from the previous

showed had been recommend as the best

final model by using the form of tension and cable.Linking to our concept that we want to create a project which give the oppportunity to contact with the nature.

according to site visit ,we decide to choose the

school.During the site visit we discovered that the primary school student especially children in the early age want to touch to the plants in the

Therefore, our design will give the opptunity to get in touch with the nature.

The prototype demonstrates a tension form which is successful and possible to

According to the feedback from the previous

final model by using the form of tension and

the primary school student especially children in the early age want to touch to the plants in the

Therefore, our design will give the opptunity to

The prototype demonstrates a tension form which is successful and possible to

Final Design proposal

To bring a sense of viability to the site in contrast to the surrounding built form.

To engage the users with natural landscape,paticularly the Merri Creek by enabling physical interation with the site

To become a iconic landcape along Merri Creek and accommodate social activities to promote visibility and sense of community in this area.To become a iconic landcape along Merri Creek and accommodate social activities to

To bring a sense of viability to the site in contrast to the surrounding built form.

To engage the users with natural landscape,paticularly the Merri Creek by enabling

To become a iconic landcape along Merri Creek and accommodate social activities to

C.1 Design ConceptSite Location

Stakeholder :Merri Creek primary school student

The stakeholder of our design project address in the group of primary student, especially the under level 3 student. This design will engage children and teacher do more outside excersice or class.

Based on the concept that we decide the site location should maintain a good natural view.The site we selected contain a lot of natural context : river, trees and plants......

Due to our stakeholder is focus on the gruop of primary school student so that the we located the site near to the primary school.

our project will cross to the river like the bridge which give the oppotunity to the stakeholder stay on the project upon the rier.

Merri Creek Primary schoolThe site close to the Merri Creek Primary School.The location give the opportunity to attract more children in this primary shool.

Site Plan

C.1 Design Concept

diameter:100cm

diameter:50cm

diameter:60cm

diameter:60cm

diameter:40cm

diameter:70cm

The project along the merri creek river and close to the Merri Creek Primary school.The project will follow the landscape and location of trees in the both side of the river to build.

Measuring the diameter of each selected trees in the site.The tree's canopy will surround the exist trees to build and it will not destroy any trees in the site.So it also apply the concept of sustainable building.

The project will aross the river and pathway on the both side of the river.It could ensure the chirldren directly get into the jungle from oneside to the otherside such us a tree bridge.

Concept- to create a tree's canopy which give the oppoturnity to the children contact with the nature

Concept- to create a tree's canopy which give the oppoturnity to the children contact with the nature

C.1 Design Concept

set two curvealong the river

divide Length of the curve

Link the points on the curve in both side

C r e a t e a t t r a c t o r points to control the shape of the edge

Create the basement surface

the curvethe curvethe curve points to control the points to control the points to control the points to control the

step 1 step 2 step3 step4

step 5 step 6 step 7

points to control the points to control the

Create the basement surfaceCreate the basement

step 1 step 2 step3 step4

step 5 step 6 step 7

link the brep to divide the edge of the sufacelink the brep to divide Link the points on the

curve in both sideLink the points on the curve in both side

move up points in the onesidemove up points in the oneside

Create the angle of each segement of curve l ink the points in the

oneside of the basement to the points which had been moved up

l ink the points in the oneside of the basement to the points which had been moved up

Create the line in verticaly as the supporting element.Create the line in verticaly as the Interpolate the segment

of l ines to create the smooth linesof l ines to create the of l ines to create the of l ines to create the

onesideonesideonesideonesideoneside

C.2 Tectonic Element&Prototype

The Core Construction element in our design is the 'tension '.Before we start to consider about the final model .We did several model which used the string to hold on to the whole model.We did different shape and different kind of connection to see how will the project work with the tension.

The Core Construction element in our design is the 'tension '.Before we start to consider about the final model .We did several model which used the string to hold on to the whole model.We did different shape and different kind of connection to see how will the project work with the tension.

C.2 Tectonic Element &Prototype

This prototype is testing the curvature controled by tension.According to our design and concept, this form of the prototype showed a flexible form which more suit to our particular design.

ConnectionsC.2 Tectonic Element &Prototype -Connection

Connections

ConnectionsC.2 Tectonic Element&Prototype

Connections

C.2 Tectonic Element &Prototype -Material testing Bending Wood

The bending wood is the most flexible timber we had never see before.It could be bend in any shape and will not crack. However, for our project, the bending wood may good in the shape .But it is not stable.When we consider about the safety of the children while they are standing on this kind of material, the danger may occur.

The prototype we made showed a really flexible shape and it could be curve in any rudian.

The bending wood is the most flexible timber we had never see before.It could be bend in any shape and will not crack. However, for our project, the bending wood may good in the shape .But it is not stable.When we consider about the safety of the children while they are standing on this kind of material, the danger may occur.

The prototype we made showed a really flexible shape and it could be curve in any rudian.

C.2 Tectonic Element &Prototype -Material test Perspex

Good in bending and really stable which is a suitable material for the final model

C.2 Tectonic Element &PrototypeProcess of Model makingProcess of the model making

Process of the model making

C.3 Final Detail Model

C.3 Final Detail Model

C.3 Final Detail Model

C.4 Learning Objectives and Outcome

This subject showed a lot of skills in architectre.It introduced the parametric design which is really attractive and interesting.Nowaday,more and more parametric design in our living enviroment.As a architecture student we need to know the method and knowledge of the parametric design.

In this semester, we start to learn the grasshopper.To be honest, it is hard to learn and hard to write a script.In this part, our tutor help us lot to solve the techinique problem.Also, we had learn several skills of Rhino.It may helpful in our future design.

The group members are really nice and we enjoy the time to work together and people always came up with the different ideas about the design so that we can

learn from each other.

Furthermore,it is interesting to make a parametric physical model.The outcome always make us exciting and we really enjoy the process of the model making. In a word, we learn lot of skills in this subject.