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Agro, Mahendra

May 31, 2018

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    AGRICULTURE SECTOROF INDIA

    Presented by-- Mahendra Singh Rajpurohit - 44- Kishore Kumar Sharma - 24

    - Chetan Telung -- Amit Srivastav - 56- Alok Kumar - 25

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    Introduction

    India's main occupation was agriculture from thousands of year.

    India was a agriculture based country .- More then 60% of population was depend on agriculture

    & agro. Related product.

    - India's agriculture share more then 50 % in GDP.

    In 1963 green revolution.

    After 1991 total scenario has change

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    Five Year Plans

    Five Year Plans Overall GDP Agriculture &growth rate Allied Sectors

    Seventh Plan (1985-90) 6.0 3.2

    Annual Plan (1990-92) 3.4 1.3 Eighth Plan (1992-97) 6.7 4.7

    Ninth Plan (1997-2002) 5.5 2.1

    Tenth Plan (2002-07) 7.6 2.3

    2002-03 3.8 -7.2

    2003-04 8.5 10.0

    2004-05 (P) 7.5 0.0

    2005-06 (Q) 9.0 6.0

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    CATAGORIES IN AGRICULTURE

    FOOD CROPS;Wheat, Rice, Maize, Bajra, Jwar, Barley

    PULSES;

    Chana, Mung, Mogar CASH CROPS;

    Tobacco, Cotton, Joot, Oil seeds,

    Ground nuts, Castor oil, Castor seeds, Mustard oil

    PLANTATION;

    Rubber, Tea, Coffee, Chili,Ginger, Turmeric, Coconuts, garlic

    Horticulture;Apples, Mangoes, Banana, Pine apple, Pares,

    Almonds, Strawberry

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    Area and production of major

    horticultural crops(Area-Million hectare, Production-Million tonnes)

    2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06

    Crops

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Production Area Production Area Production Area Production

    Fruits 4.8 49.2 5.1 49.8 5.3 52.8 5.9 54.4

    Vegetables 5.9 84.8 6.7 101.4 7.1 108.2 7.2 113.5

    Spices 2.4 3.8 5.2 4 3.2 4.9 3.2 5.9

    Plantation crops 3.1 13.1 3.3 9.4 3.1 10.4 3.2 9.8

    Flowers 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.8

    Others 0.09 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

    Total 16.4 152.0 20.6 165.5 19.2 177.4 20.0 184.9

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    Agriculture Production Targets for2006-07

    Rice 80.78 12.02 92.80Wheat - 75.53 75.53Jowar 4.28 3.33 7.61Bajra 8.55 8.55Maize 12.54 2.85 15.39Ragi 2.79 2.79Barley - 1.65 1.65

    Small Millets 0.53 0.53

    Cereals 28.69 7.83 36.52Total Pulses 5.78 9.37 15.15Total Food grains 115.25 104.75 220.00Cotton* 185.00 185.00Jute** 101.20 101.20Mesta** 11.60 11.60Sugarcane 270.0

    * Lakh bales of 170 kgs each

    ** Lakh bales of 180 kgs eachI (Million tonnes)

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    International comparisons ofyieldSelected commodities2004-05

    RICE/PADDY WHEAT MAIZE Egypt 9.8 China 4.25 U.S.A 9.15 India 2.9 France 7.58 France 7.56 Japan 6.42 India 2.71 India 1.18 Myanmar 2.43 Iran 2.06 Germany 6.69

    Korea 6.73 Pakistan 2.37 Philippines 2.1 Thailand 2.63 U.K 7.77 China 4.9 U.S.A 7.83 Australia 1.64 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    WORLD 3.96 2.87 3.38

    Metric tones/ hectare

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    EXPORT

    Marine product $ 1323 mill

    Casunuts $ oil $ 804 mill

    Oil knocks $ 713 millWheat $ 512 mill

    Non basmati rice $ 467 mill

    Basmati rice $ 424 millMeat & pip ration $ 349 mill

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    EXPORT.

    Tea $ 347 millSpices $ 332 millSugar $ 266 millTobacco $ 237 millProcess items $ 236 millCoffee $ 236 millFruits & vegetables $ 205 millRow cotton $ 177 mill

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    Economic Reforms in IndianAgriculture

    Slow and cautious approach to reforms

    Main benefits due to reforms in non-

    agricultural sectors Only major reform being abolition of

    zones and emergence of the country a

    single market for agricultural

    commodities

    Privatization also got a fillip.

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    Factors Contributing to Agriculturalgrowth in Previous Decades

    Performance of Agriculture in the lastdecade was in sharp contrast toperformance in two previous decades.

    The factors contributing to earlier growthincluded

    larger investment in agriculture

    size neutral technology

    reforms in supporting systems

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    The Changed Circumstances

    The next phase of reforms has to take intoaccount following circumstances

    Indian Agriculture is progressively acquiring

    a small farm character The country is wedded to domestic

    market reforms It is committed to an open global economy It is a democratic multi-party competitive polity.

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    Measures which need immediateattention are

    review of the policy on input subsidies

    review of the policy on agricultural prices

    reforms in the support systems

    completing the unfinished agenda ondomestic market reforms.

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    Input Subsidies

    The rationale for input subsidies can be provided if Input is a new and risky input warranting sharing

    of risks by the state

    It contributes to increase in productivity which isshared both by the producers and consumers Subsidizing income is the only way to transfer

    income to the poor producers In case of heavily traded products, the trading

    partners are resorting to overt or covertsubsidization and there is no other way for redress

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    Input Subsidies

    There is a need to retreat withoutdisarray

    Put a cap on subsidies Earmark the savings obtained for

    investment in rural infrastructure Improve efficiency of input production

    and supplies Involve users in the distribution of inputs Bring states on the common platform of

    reforms.

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    Agriculture Price Policy

    Present policy is disfunctional and hascreated serious distortions.

    The major weakness arises due to thefact that we are using administratedprices as vehicle for income transfer.

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    Agriculture Price Policy

    Reforms in Agriculture Price Policy will include

    Long-term strategy to strengthen crop

    insurance and forward trade.

    In the interim, the scope and coverage of MSP

    be limited.

    A price band may be announced to triggeropen market operations.

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    Agriculture Price Policy

    Procurement operation should be organised

    strictly as business operation

    Responsibility for PDS should be passed on tostates, and subsequently to lower units of

    Panchayati Raj.

    Better coordination between price policy and

    trade policy should be ensured.

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    Economic Reforms

    Emphasise reforms in the supportinstitutions i.e., institutions to provideresearch, extension, credit and

    marketing services

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    Reforms in Support Systems

    To strengthen Rural Financial Institutionsaddress some of the critical problems

    Improve absorptive capacity of the borrowers

    with emphasis on investment in infrastructure

    strengthen channels of investment credit.

    use various options available to reduce

    transaction cost.

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    Reforms in Support System (RFI)

    Mitigate risk at borrowers level with crop

    insurance and forward trade .

    Mitigate risk for RFI through an

    Agricultural Risk Fund contributed by the

    Centre, states and banking institutions

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    Problems

    There were and continue to exist certain weak

    spots in Indian agriculture. These are

    degradation of land and water resources low value production

    declining productivity of modern input, and

    inefficient support systems.

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    THANKS