Agriculture and Aquaculture Newsletter November 2012

1

Issue 13 November 2012

Introduction

THE AGRI & AQUA CULTURING NEWSLETTER is prepared with the intention to provide the reader with information

about the agriculture and aquaculture industry in Malaysia, while gathering insights and information on industry

development and practices, as well as training opportunities offered by the Government and Private sector. The

Newsletter seeks to gather like-minded individuals who are willing to share ideas and experiences in the field.

If you have itchy fingers for writing articles about

Agriculture or Aquaculture, and wish to contribute

your knowledge and experiences, please contact us:

Email: [email protected]

Disclaimer:

Reasonable care have been utilised in the preparation of the content and text of the Agri & Aqua Culturing Newsletter (henceforth referred as “the

Newsletter”). Notwithstanding this, due to constant changes and advancement in the agriculture and aquaculture industries, we are not able to ensure

the accuracy or reliability of the information provided in the Newsletter. For this reason, the reader is advised to undertake necessary due diligence on

the information before relying on the same for any purpose whatsoever. The publisher, key contributors, and related associates disclaim any and all

liability whatsoever and howsoever occasioned relating to the information provided in and content of, the Newsletter. We do not endorse any opinion,

advice or statement published in the Newsletter

Permissions and reprints: All rights reserved. Reproduction without express and written permission is strictly prohibited. To request permission to

republish in any form whatsoever, please contact: [email protected]

THE AGRI & AQUA

CULTURING NEWSLETTER

To Further Malaysia’s Agriculture & Aquaculture Industry

CONTENT OF THE NOVEMBER 2012 ISSUE:

Pruning of the Jackfruit Trees by Johnny Lak 2

My Little Farm 11 by Raymond 5 Good Health and Anti Cancer Ling Jiao – Trapa Bicornis by Senny Ong 7 Grow Your Own – Building a Simple

Hydroponic System by “MJ” Joel 13

Upcoming Events 16

Well, the Bioeconomy Transformation Programme has

been launched recently, and word is, there are many

new opportunities for agriculturists, especially with

regards to contract farming.

In keeping with the trends in the agriculture industry,

the team will be going through and digesting the details

of this new government initiative, and hopefully, will be

able to provide some insights and opportunities for our

fellow readers.

In the time being, please continue to enjoy the articles

provided by our contributors!

“Eating is an agricultural act.”

~ Wendell Berry

FROM THE CULTIVATOR’S COUCH:

Issue 13 November 2012

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Pruning of the Jackfruit Trees

This article will be a short one with pictures &

explanation, as they say “A Picture Speaks A

Thousand Words”

Below is the recommended practice for pruning

Jackfruit trees as prepared by the Department of

Agriculture.

But the method that I am learnt and adopted is that

I want to make all my jackfruit trees look like a

SHORT & FAT Christmas tree. Why you may

ask? There is a problem now with workforce thus

by adopting this method we are able to manage

the farm on our own with minimal workforce. It’s

easier to bag & fertilise and harvest the fruit.

All my jackfruit trees below are 10 months old as

of November 2012.

Issue 13 November 2012

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I had top pruned all the trees, which would

“force” them to grow horizontally.

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This is the method that I practice and adopt. Feel

free to critic and give me feedback or ask more

about this. Email me : [email protected]

Heck you can even arrange to come to my farm.

Happy Farming….

Article by Johnny Lak

Issue 13 November 2012

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My Little Farm 11

Project Agarwood / Gaharu

Agarwood, Eaglewood, Uod, Oodh, Gaharu or 沉

香 are some of the names that I manage to find.

Our Agarwood project was mooted after I

discovered a couple of surviving small plant-lets

surviving overgrown weeds and our herbicide

spray. We managed to 'rescue' about 10 of the

plants. This gave me the idea that since it's so

hardy, we can plant this in our rubber plantation,

on the high gradient slope, that we would not be

able to plant any other trees.

Our expectation is to use this as a supplementary

crop, for land that we can’t use. Plant and maintain

it for 6 years and above, then inoculate it and

harvest it after 2 more years in stages.

Theoretically, the older the tree, the greater the

wood volume and more resins after inoculation.

From the details that I manage to gather, it should

be a calculated risk if we manage to plant

Agarwood with a very low cost and on land that is

idle. I feel that Agarwood has been wrongly

projected as a 'get rich fast' scheme, which I'm

sure does not happen in agriculture. It's being

linked to the word 'Millionaire' and this I guess

create the big misconception.

With the 'Millionaire' tag and high projected

revenue, the seeds, sapling and inoculation cost

are charged at a high premium price in Malaysia.

In order to keep the cost low, shall have to make

our own sapling from seeds. My search took me to

Thailand, and this supplier is able to offer a price

that I am comfortable with. USD120 for a kilo of

fresh seeds. Order one kilogram of seeds of the

Aquilaria Subintegra type. Was told that one

kilogram of seeds consist of about 4,000 ~ 5,000

seeds. Seeds are available (fresh) from August till

October.

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Instruction given was simple, keep the seeds fresh

and plant as soon as possible. Soak the seeds for

about 3 hours prior to planting. Germinate on a

raise bed of about 12 centimeter, in a cool

area, planting it at about 1 centimeter deep with

the tail up. Water daily. Germination can be

expected in about 3 weeks. The germination rate

depends greatly on the freshness of the seeds.

Can be transplant into poly bags when it grows 2

to 4 leafs.

Let’s hope we have high germination in the coming

weeks.

We prepared a nursery with netting shade of 90%.

This 90% shades are quite heavy due to the

closeness of the shade. Our initial form-work

collapsed and our men rebuilt. The raise beds

were also prepared.

Our nurseries were made too large as we do not

know approximately what size was required. 1 kilo

of seeds occupied only almost 1 raised bed. After

planting the seeds, we found tracks of dog. Hence

we quickly fence up the sides with a 30% shade.

This shall also keep the chicken (neighbors) out.

Chicken tends to scratch on the raised beds,

displacing the seeds and reduce germination rate.

Start pruning our bigger Agarwood. The idea is to

prune it so that it produces a single large tall trunk.

Bigger trunks can house "larger" resins when it

form compared to small trunks and branches. The

pruned branches, we kept and try to propagate the

cuttings.

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Hope that our Project Agarwood shall progress

smoothly and be a success. Stay tune for more

updates.

Article by Raymond

Good Health Anti Cancer Ling Jiao ~ Trapa Bicornis

Usually during month of October and November.

Trapa Bicornis (Ling Jiao) can be found in most

of the market. The uniform in structure and shape

looks like a bull’s horn, black in color, hard-

shell and like a bat ~ We called it “Ling Jiao”,

because its contour has the “the angle”, in

Chinese called as “Jiao”.

What is Trapa bicornis

Scientific name: Trapa Bicornis ~ Also known as water caltrop, Jesuit nut,

Ram Horn Nut, horned water chestnut, in Chinese name: Ling Jiao, Cantonese name it as “Ling Kok”, in Latin: Trapa bicornis.

And it is like other aquatic plants.

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Trapa Bicornis, Ram Horn Nut or Ling Jiao is

plant grows in water with the leaves float on the

water, and the fruits droop in the water. It can be

cultivated as floating plants in aquarium, or in

ponds. In slightly acidic water and gives full sun.

Found in still and slow-moving water systems in

warm temperate regions, its centre of origin is

china, Taiwan and is used for food and medicinal

plant or nut. Ling Jiao is a seasonal food in Taiwan

for Mid-Autumn Festival Called “Water Caltrops

Festival”.

Taiwan is the largest producer of Ling Jiao ~

water caltrops. The nut harvesting begins in from

July and continues through fall, peaking around

September and October.

Ling Jiao or Water Caltrop is primary growth in

Europe and Asia. It grows in the pond, the river

moors in the warm climate wet muddy land. This

water plant growing from seeding, blossoms and

bears fruit, only needs 90 to 120 days. And the

harvest period to recovering time for next harvest

is about 10 to 15 days, continuously harvest for 7

– 8 times in a harvest session up to 4 months.

Its Nutrients and healing effect

This raw nut, rich in carbohydrate and fat, protein,

glucose, multivitamins, like Vitamin B1, B2, C,

Calcium, Phosphorus and Iron. Its nutritional

value may with other nuts set-off. The flesh of this

nut is thick and rich nutty taste. Nature is cool,

commonly use to allaying fever, quenches thirst,

sobers up, detoxification and awake the brain,

good for spleen, and may prevent and treat the

chronic diarrhea. Good dietary foods as it is easily

feeling full after ingestion, do not over

consumption in order to avoid dyspepsia. It has

anti-cancer, antipyretic (fever reducer) and tonic

medicinal effect.

The taste

How about the taste, it is tasteless and shall be

good to chop and add in to dishes to add flavor.

Many Asians boil or steam them in the shell as a

snack. You can also roast them and taste similar

to chestnuts.

They are eaten whole or ground for flour, making

into ice cream, soup, dessert, Jelly and healthy

snack. We usually eat them as snack. It is famous

street side roasted snack in China, Taiwan and

Asia countries.

Multiples Medicinal Value in Ling Jiao:

• Bears the hunger, and enlivens

• Strengthen vital energy

• Clear heat and sober up

• Its sterilization, promotion wound healing,

alleviation legs and waist physique sore

• Anticancer effect

The other benefits of taking it may increase the

abdomen feeling full, and it’s not easy to pile up

the fat, suitable in retinitis simplex obesity, losing

weight as dietary food to replace the staple food.

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Medicinal benefits:

In Chinese Herbal therapeutic way, it acts as

medicinal herbs to treat cancer and also as anti-

toxic food.

Good for the spleen and stomach, invigorate the

kidney, and edible for treating lung and stomach

cancer, carcinoma esophagi, rectal cancer and

carcinoma of urinary bladder and so on has the

auxiliary therapeutic healing action.

Ling Jiao Herbal recipe and cooking method:

Cooking Ling Jiao with Barley Soup or Porridge

regular intakes is helpful to treat the lung cancer,

stomach cancer, carcinoma of uterus, and breast

cancer.

Ling Jiao Barley Soup or Porridge

Ingredients:

• 200g Ling Jiao (removed hard-shelled),

• 30g of Barley,

• Water 1500cc

Method of cooking:

1. Wash and brush Ling Jiao with running water

thoroughly, soak in salt water for ½ hour. Use

the Ling Jiao with hard shell to cook with

water.

2. After boiling for 20 minutes, remove the hard

shell, use only the flesh and add in barley,

Cook it for 1 hour. Boil it like soup or porridge.

Add in rock sugar (optional).

3. Remove from heat and serve warm.

Benefits: It can strengthen the vision, also has

certain inhibitory action to the cancer cell.

Recipe to Treat Excessive blood flows during

Menstrual period

Ling Jiao brown sugar soup

Ingredients:

Ling jiao 250g

Brown sugar 3 tbs.

1000cc water

Issue 13 November 2012

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Method:

1. Cleans and brush the Ling Jiao thoroughly,

soak in salt water for ½ hour.

2. Bring water to boil, after boiling, put in Ling

jiao to boil in low heat for 1 hour or till it is

soften.

3. Add in brown sugar till dissolve. Remove from

heat.

4. Eat the nuts and drink the soup.

Healing effect: Calms the nerves, control excessive flows of Menstruation blood.

Note: The brown sugar is named as “black

sugar” and has rich glucose as well as vitamin

and mineral substance.

In Chinese medicinal thought that black sugar is

temperate, can be blood tonic profits for blood

stagnation, and invigorate the spleen, stomach

and Qi.

For treating Stomach and Gastric Ulcer

Simply cook the 120g of whole Ling Jiao with

hard-shell in 1000cc of water. Boil in water for half

hour.

Drink 1 cup of soup 3 times a day after three

meals for one month.

To help in sober you up:

Add sugar to this drink, it quenches thirst and ease

bothersome thirsty.

Note: Do not throw away the hard shell, as it is

good medicine for treating gastric hemorrhage

patient. Boil the hard shell with water and take it as

tea.

Red Dates Goji Ling Jiao Soup

Issue 13 November 2012

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Ingredients:

Ling Jiao (remove hard-shell) 50g

Red Dates 10g

Wolfberry (Goji) 10g

2 Lemon slice

Water 1500 cc

Method:

1. Put water in pot to boil, add in all ingredients to boil in low heat for 1 hour.

2. Remove from heat. Eat all the ingredients and soup. Sever warm.

Benefits: This soup has anticancer treatment

effect, clear vision, make up the vitality, as the

spleen host transports and controls the blood, the

main muscle and four limbs, it benefits spleen then

nutritious the whole body circulation function.

Ling Jiao Radix Astragali (Wang Qi) Soup

This soup has invigorates the kidney function, may

treat the sychnuria and urination disorder, the wet

dream, leucorrhea like whitish vaginal discharge.

Ingredients:

Ling Jiao (Water Caltrop) 200g

Radix Astragali (Wang Qi) 15g

Water 1500cc

Radix Astragali (Wang Qi) in Chinese medicinal

effect is to restores vital energy, improve blood

circulation, regular intake can strengthen the

curative effect mutually.

In addition the US researchers also pointed out

that the Radix Astragali may also treat other

immune system disease, especially has the effect

to the virulent infection and chronic illness.

Method:

1. Wash and Clean Ling Jiao with running water,

soak in salt water for 1/2 hour.

2. Bring water to boil, Ling Jiao (Walter Caltrop)

with hard shell to cook for 20 minutes.

3. Remove the Ling Jiao from pot, smashed open

the hard shell with nut opener.

4. Put the hard shell and flesh back to the pot.

Put in Radix Astragali herb and cook for

another 1/2 hour.

5. Remove from heat, remove Radix Astragali

and hard shell from the pot.

6. Serve warm. Eat the nuts and soup only.

Issue 13 November 2012

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Benefits: This soup has invigorates the kidney

function, may treat the sychnuria and urination

disorder, the wet dream, leucorrhea like whitish

vaginal discharge.

The harmful side effect of taking raw with

caution

Ling Jiao or Water Caltrop is nutritious and

delicious food, cook them in the shell or peel them

first. It needs to steam, boil, roasted or fried them

before you can eat them, as it contains harmful

toxins and harmful parasite in raw state, which can

be vectors for trematodes of significance are

intestinal fluke and liver fluke.

When eating them in raw try not to bites open the

hard shell with your teeth, make sure you wash it

with running water first, it is best to use nut opener

or smashed to remove the hard shell and clean

thoroughly with water again. Those water

vegetables need to be carefully peeled and

washed, always clean in running water and

brush thoroughly then soak them in salt water

to eliminate toxins. For the best is to neutralize it

by heat or cooking it.

Ling Jioa or Water Caltrop contains toxins in raw

which must be destroyed by boiling to render them

safe to eat. Usually after removing the hard shell,

make sure the fruit pulp or flesh must also flush

again with water thoroughly. Otherwise, it is easy

infected by harmful parasite.

Due to it grows in the ponds or contaminated

water, like those water plant e.g water chestnut,

water lotus, water lily and Water caltrop - Ling

jiao as well, may be contaminated with tiny

organism parasite, as the outer layer of its hard

shell easy affected by numerous trematodes

parasites, taking raw with unwashed Ling Jiao -

Water Caltrop or any water plants may consumed

infective parasite that transmitted to human body,

trematodes causes disease to gastrointestinal like

intestinal fluke that infection usually asymptomatic

with malnutrition, the influence growth become

emaciated may cause anemia, or anorexia.

This parasite itself has strong absorptivity

attraction which adsorption firmly on human

intestines wall, cause intestines mucous

membrane inflammation, dropsy even forms ulcer.

If one discovered that abdominal pain disgustingly

with vomiting and diarrhea, bowel movement with

foul-smelling, loose stools, unfortunately you may

be affected by the harmful parasite from the hard

shell of Ling Jiao or Water Caltrop. Therefore,

take precaution when eating raw or unwashed

Ling Jiao or Water Caltrop with proper

preparation in cleansing and cooking it with

hygienic way.

Caution:

When taking Ling Jiao ~ Water Caltrop what need

to remind that is has clearing heat and

detoxification effect, in order to avoid causes

distension of the abdomen do not over

consumption with it.

For diabetic people, it is prohibited to over

ingestion due to starch content is high, which may

causes the instantaneous blood sugar to elevate

and raised rapidly, the diabetic patient should take

the right amount ingestion this nut and avoid

taking excessively.

Note:

Restores vital energy with the traditional Chinese medicine, It is

suggested that the “warm and cold” is best balanced in using

herbal raw material. For the alternative healing effect and to

avoid over reaction as the prescription may not suitable for

certain people. Consult your physicians or doctor before taking

any alternative healing remedies.

Article by Senny Ong http://sennyong.blogspot.com

Disclaimer: Most important is to understand what is right for your health condition, although herbs are safe for some people, if you wish to try it is advisable

for you to consult with your holistic health practitioner or doctor first. No matter what type of healing herbs or alternative healing method, we

still have to be careful in consumption, start off slowly and minimize it to prevent overdoses with it.

Issue 13 November 2012

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Grow Your Own – Building a Simple Hydroponic System

In the last issue, we dealt with various hydroponics

systems, noting the advantages and

disadvantages of those systems. In this issue, we

will be looking at constructing a simple water

culture system (a.k.a. floating raft system) using

mostly recycled materials

The Basics

Before we start, however, it is worth refreshing

some key points about hydroponic systems.

Overall, the average home hydroponic system

usually consists of the following few basic parts:

(i) Growing chamber (or tray)

This holds the root system. This can be made from

many different materials and designed in many

ways depending on what you have to use and

what you want to grow. One of the most common

materials used are halved 500ml mineral water

bottles punctured with many small holes of roughly

2-3 mm sizes.

(ii) Reservoir

This holds the nutrient solution that feeds the

plants and can be made out of just about anything,

from a paint bucket to a 120L trash can; maybe

even a Styrofoam box. Whichever you use,

however, it should just be clean from anything that

might contaminate the nutrient solution.

(iii) Submersible pump

Used to water the plants. You can use one from a

hydroponics store, or use a fountain pump found in

the garden section of any home improvement

store. Usually, you can get a cheap set from your

local aquarium shop used for fish tanks..

(iv) Delivery system

This is used to get the water/nutrients from the

pump in the reservoir to the plants, and back to the

reservoir again. Vinyl tubing or regular PVC pipe

also found at any home improvement store work

very nicely, and can easily be customized to your

application.

(v) Simple timer

This is used to turn on and off the pump, as well

as the lights (if you are using them). No special

timer is needed here, unless you just want it to be

able to turn on and off many times a day for the

pump.

(vi) Air pump and air stone

Used to oxygenate the nutrient solution, these are

the same kind used in fish tanks and are quite

inexpensive. Oxygenating the nutrient solution is

not absolutely necessary but highly recommended.

This helps the root system to get the oxygen they

need. In addition, because the water is

continuously moving, it cuts way down on algae

growth, and helps to keep the nutrients fresher. Do

take note that some submersible pumps

incorporate an air intake valve, thus removing the

need to purchase additional air pumps and air

stones.

(vii) Lighting for the lighting

You can use many different lighting systems, from

compact fluorescent lighting (CFL's) that you can

get at any home improvement store to expensive

lighting systems from the Hydroponics store. Or

you can simply just use the free sunlight.

Issue 13 November 2012

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Constructing a Simple Water Culture System

Convert an aquarium into a simple hydroponic

system. The plants are suspended on a floating

Styrofoam platform. This system is popular for

classrooms because the roots of the plants are

visible hanging below the floating platform

Materials

(i) Plastic basin / Used storage box / Used aquarium

Any water tight container with fairly vertical

sides will work. However, as light breaks

down the nutrient solution and encourages

algae growth, if you us an aquarium you will

need to construct a light shield out of

cardboard or aluminum foil to keep light out of

the reservoir (aquarium). If you wish to view

the roots make the light shield (or part of it)

removable.

(ii) Floating platform

You will need a piece of Styrofoam 1 1/2" to

2" thick. Cut Styrofoam to fit loosely inside the

basin (or whatever you are using for a

reservoir). If using a storage box, just cut

holes in the lid.

(iii) Halved mineral water bottles

If cutting and trimming 500ml mineral water

bottles seem time consuming, use several

small plastic or Styrofoam cups to hold the

plants on the floating platform.

NOTE: You can use any small plastic cup as

long as it has tapered sides. Growing

medium

You will need a small amount of growing

medium, enough to fill the plastic cups.

NOTE: It is recommended to use light-weight

materials such as perlite or a perlite /

vermiculite mix for the growing medium. Other

materials such as expanded clay balls and

Rockwool are also suitable.

(iv) Air pump and airstone

You need to use an air pump and airstone to

oxygenate the nutrient solution. A regular air

pump designed for an aquarium is all that is

required, and is usually quite cheap.

(v) Hydroponic fertilizer

A good quality hydroponic fertilizer is

required. Regular manure-based fertilizers do

not contain essential micro-nutrients for good

plant growth. You can buy this from most

garden stores. Or, you could crush up regular

granule fertilizers instead.

(vi) pH test kit

You will need some way of checking and

adjusting the pH of your nutrient solution. A

regular aquarium shop would often have

inexpensive pH testers available.

Assembly of System

1. Cut the Styrofoam float to fit the plastic

basin. Cut the float a little smaller than the

opening so that it won't bind up when the

water level changes.

2. Cut the holes in the float to the proper size

for the plastic cups that you are using. You

want the bottoms of the cups to hang below

the bottom of the float but not fall through.

3. Cut several holes (approximately 2-3 mm) in

the bottom of your plastic cups. Add growing

medium to the cup.

NOTE: if the growing medium falls out

through the holes you can put a small piece

of fiberglass window screen or small piece of

cloth over the holes before adding the

growing medium.

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Care and Feeding Instructions

1. Fill the plastic basin with water. Mix your

nutrient solution as per the instructions on

the fertilizer package. Check pH and adjust

accordingly. Alternatively, you may use liquid

plant food which is commonly available at

most gardening shops.

2. Attach airline to the airstone and place

airstone in reservoir. Attach free end of

tubing to air pump and plug in air pump to

outlet, make sure that there are bubbles

coming from the air stone.

NOTE: NEVER submerge the air pump in

water as electrical shock could occur.

3. Place floating platform on top of the nutrient

solution. Put plastic cups into the holes in the

floating platform.

4. When the plants have used up about half of

the nutrient solution you can add WATER

ONLY to bring the level back up (do not add

fertilizer or you could cause a nutrient build

up that could harm the plants). Recheck pH

and adjust if necessary.

5. When the plants have used half of the

nutrient solution for the second time you

need to change out the nutrient solution by

draining the reservoir and then mix a fresh

batch. Use the old nutrient solution on house

plants or other vegetation.

Some pictures of homemade water culture /

floating raft hydroponic systems:

A variation of the water culture / floating raft

system replaces the use of hydroponic fertilizers

with the keeping of live aquatic organisms, such as

fish or shrimp. This form of system is known as

“aquaponics”, and is a rapidly growing form of food

production in urban areas. For our feature

newsletter, aquaponics will be extensively

discussed and showcased.

In the next issue, we will cover vertical

hydroponics.

Article by “MJ” Joel

Issue 13 November 2012

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Upcoming Event

Event Title Date Venue Website/E-mail

Malaysia Agriculture,

Horticulture and Agrotourism

International Show (MAHA)

2012

23 Nov. -

2 Dec.

2012

Malaysia Agro Exposition

Park Serdang (MAEPS),

Selangor, Malaysia

http://www.maha.gov.my/2012/

International Conference on

Aquaculture Indonesia 2012

23-24

Nov.

2012

Semarang, Central Java,

Indonesia http://aquaculture-mai.org/en

International Conference on

Agricultural and Food

Engineering 2012

26-29

Nov.

2012

UPM Serdang, Selangor,

Malaysia http://www.eng.upm.edu.my/cafei2012/

Taste Fully Food & Beverage

Expo

14-16

Dec.

2012

Putra World Trade Center,

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

http://www.biztradeshows.com/taste-

fully-food-beverage-expo/

Issue 13 November 2012

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Contact Point:

For more details about what we do, please refer to the Lowyat Forum Thread: Venturing into Agriculture& Aquaculture

For further information or clarification please contact us at [email protected]

Meet Our Team!

“MJ” Joel

What do you get when you cross a potato with corn? That’s the

sort of questions this bookworm and plant breeder seeks to

answer. And it’s definitely not what you think it is, dirty fellow!

“Mr Farmer” @ Raymond

Agriculture entrepreneur and passionate about living life with a

sense of purpose, our friend owns a farm in Keningau over at the

Land Beneath the Wind, Sabah.

Senny Ong

Our resident Chinese Herbal Specialist with a passion for the

bitter stuff. Enjoys helping people seek a healthier path in

everyday life. Now say with her: Bitter herbs are our friends……

Johnny Lak

Businessman. Innovator. Activist. But not necessarily in that

order. Keen entrepreneurial skills, and a great passion towards

agriculture and knowledge. Operates farms in Pajam and Mantin.

KW Beh

Fertility, fertility, fertility. That’s what our UPM Grad constantly

has on his mind while working for Twin Arrows Fertilizer. Want to

improve crop production? Look him up for the solutions!