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Akumengwa Neba N MPH student University of Buea HS12A001 1 LAND APPLICATION (MANURE)
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Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Nov 01, 2014

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Page 1: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Akumengwa Neba NMPH student

University of BueaHS12A001

1

LAND APPLICATION (MANURE)

Page 2: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Outline

2

Application Rates

Spreading Considerations

Timing Considerations

Odour Management

Page 3: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Why apply manure on land?

3

Method of recycling a natural,

organic byproduct.

Fertilizer for crop production in

sustainable agriculture

. Decrease costs of crop

production.

Page 4: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

What happens when manure is not properly managed?

4

Damage to crops.

Risk of pollution.

Little benefit from fertilizer property.

Much of a good thing becomes a

problems

Page 5: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Value of manure to the soil..

5

Apart from nutrient to plants,

Improve soil tilth

Structure

Aeration and water holding properties

Page 6: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Maximize manure nutrient utilization by crops i

6

sufficient land base for manure spreading

Test soil and manure for nutrient levels

Determine release rates for nutrients in

manure

Calculate crop nutrient demands

Prevent loss of nutrients through surface

runoff

Page 7: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Maximize manure nutrient utilization by crops ii

7

Reduce the loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere

Minimize soil compaction and problems with

soil structure

Prevent leaching of nitrates into groundwater

Prevent waterways pollution by manure runoff.

Minimize odours during spreading.

Page 8: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Application Rates i

8

Determine by overall nutrient management

plan

don’t try to provide all nutrients for a crop with

manure

o may not release nutrients at the right

balance and time.

o inadequate composition to meet crop

nutrients

Page 9: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Application Rates ii

9

Test the macro-nutrient content of manure. (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium)

Test the soil to determine nutrient levels

Know the nutrient needs of the crop being grown

Provide 75% of the required nitrogen with manure

25% will be provided by provided

by fertilizer

Page 10: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Application Rates iii

10

While the nitrogen requirement determines the

amount of manure to apply,

Applying manure every year. may lead to

excessive levels of phosphorus and other

elements

Long-term benefits increase if manure is spread

over larger areas.

( The need for adequate land)

Page 11: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Application Rates iv

11

Unless both soil and manure tests proves

no risk of reaching excessive nutrient levels

The ability of soil to soak up liquid

determines the rate of liquid manure

application

Tillage before application may help if high

rates are planned.

Page 12: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Spreading Considerations i

12

• Mix manure and soil as soon as possible

after spreading to

minimize odour

pollution from runoff

maximum fertilizer benefits

• 24 hours is recommended for surface

applied manure be

incorporated with soil after application.

Page 13: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Spreading Considerations ii

13

liquid manure injected directly into soils is

recommended and best done

before preparing the seed bed

during the cropping season.

Nutrients are readily available to growing

plants.

Don’t apply manure under wet soil condition in

order to avoid soil compaction

Page 14: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Spreading Considerations iii

14

Prevent manure from getting into any

watercourse.

Don’t spread manure within,

30 meters (100 ft) of a watercourse on

slopes less than 5%

60 meters (200 ft) of a watercourse on

slopes greater than 5%

Page 15: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Timing Considerations

15

Best to apply manure before, or early in, the growth stage of any crop

forms of nitrogen are available immediately to plants

nutrients in organic form may be released throughout the growing season

• If manure is spread late in the growing period or after the growing season

reduced benefit to the crop increased risk of nitrate leaching to groundwater

or surface runoff contaminating watercourses

Page 16: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Odour management i

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• Manure spreading causes nuisance odour

• The following management practices minimizes the possibility of complaints

clean and well maintained transport equipment will ensure that manure is not deposited on public roads.

do not overload equipment. if a spill occurs, clean the road

promptly.:

Page 17: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Odour management ii

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avoid transporting manure on public roads during

ohigh traffic such as rush hoursobefore and after work, o during lunch breakcheck the weather conditions before

spreading.best weather for spreadingo sunny days with windy, cloudy

nights.

Page 18: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Odour management iii

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• Rain removes odours from the air• Worst conditions are, damp, humid weather with light winds• Spread in the morning when air is warming and rising, rather than late in the afternoon• Consider the implications of spreading on holidays and weekends when neighbours are most likely to be affected by odours

Page 19: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Odour management iv

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Notifying neighbours prior to spreading on adjacent properties is a “good neighbour” policy

The first 12 to 48 hours after spreading are the worst period for odours.

Odours could last up to 10 days, with very heavy application rates

Spread and till with soil method or injecting into soil reduce the release of odours

Page 20: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Odour management v

20

With injection, odours are less detectable

at 70 meters

(230 ft) than they are at 400 meters (1,300

ft) from surface

applied manure

• To prevent fly propagation.

apply composted manure to pastures and

hay fields

apply manure in a very thin layer so that

it will dry in five days or less.

Page 21: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Odour management vi

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Keep the discharge height of the slurry as low as possible to reduce odours during land application.

• Choose discharge methods that are most effective for odour control.

Dribble bars or booms- Bottom discharge tanker- Top discharge tanker

Page 22: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

Bibliography..

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Agriculture Canada and Ontario.Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Best Management Practices. Livestock and poultry waste management. Toronto: OMAF:1994.

Page 23: Agricultural waste management. Occupational health

THANKS FOR YOUR

KIND ATTENTION

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