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Agricultural Revolutions Agribusiness and Agri- food Systems
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Agricultural Revolutions

Jan 04, 2016

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Agricultural Revolutions. Agribusiness and Agri-food Systems. 1. The Agricultural Revolution. 1 st Agricultural Revolution (12 000 ys ago): Development of seed agriculture Use of plow and draft animals Plant and animal domestication. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: Agricultural Revolutions

Agricultural Revolutions

Agribusiness and Agri-food Systems

Page 2: Agricultural Revolutions

1. The Agricultural Revolution

• 1st Agricultural Revolution (12 000 ys ago): – Development of seed agriculture – Use of plow and draft animals– Plant and animal domestication

Page 3: Agricultural Revolutions
Page 4: Agricultural Revolutions

• 2nd Agricultural Revolution (~ Industrial Rev. or mid 18th C)– Improvement in livestock and crop yields– Planting clover and legumes– Metal implements– Replacement of ox by horse– New inputs in agricultural production

Page 5: Agricultural Revolutions

• 3rd Agricultural Revolution (~20thC):– Modernization and mechanization – Chemical farming (Green Revolution)– Food manufacturing

Pesticide sprayer

plow

Page 6: Agricultural Revolutions
Page 7: Agricultural Revolutions
Page 8: Agricultural Revolutions
Page 9: Agricultural Revolutions

• Capitalist agricultural ‘revolution’

– Food became a commodity

• increased state intervention

– Decrease in agricultural labor

– Wealth concentration

Page 10: Agricultural Revolutions

The Green Revolution

• HYVs (high-yielding varieties) • Increased use of fertilizers, pesticides,

energy • Genetically-engineered crops

• Profit potential for TNCs (E.G. Monsanto Corp.) – Concerns over ‘intellectual property rights’ to

plant genomes, indigenous knowledge bases

Page 11: Agricultural Revolutions

2. Agri-business and Agri-food systems

• Agri-business: ... “an integrated, corporate system, involving all aspects of agriculture, from food production, to processing and distribution”

(Knox & Agnew 2003, p. 36)

– production– transport– financing – regulation and – Marketing

Page 12: Agricultural Revolutions

Model of Agricultural Location

• Von Thünen’s Model:

Land-use rings with different farm products

Based on: – demand, – operating costs,– transport cost, – land rent prices.