Aggression, Appeasement & War Chap 15: Section 4 Ms. Garratt CSS: 10.8. thru 10.9.1.

Aggression, Appeasement & War

Chap 15: Section 4Ms. Garratt

CSS: 10.8. thru 10.9.1

What are the causes of world

unrest?

What is the purpose of the

hose?

The Rising Sun

• Militarists gain control over gov• Extreme nationalists, imperialists• Co-Prosperity Asian sphere • Manchuria 1931• League of Nations• Nanking 1937• Tripartite Pact (Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis)• Non-Comintern Pact

Rise of Fascism

• Political instability – dissatisfaction with democ• Economic problems • Communist threat• Dissatisfaction with Versailles Treaty• Militant, aggressive nationalism• Imperialist, social Darwinist agenda• Charismatic leaders promising hope• Paramilitary groups & use of violence

Italy Challenges Peace• Italy

– Violated League of Nations (LON) by invading Ethiopia in 1935

– LON voted sanctions but did not withhold oil which fueled their war machine

– Britain allowed Italy to use Suez Canal

– LON did not have military to enforce its will.

– This incident will be the first to show the impotence of the LON

Imperialism: Social Darwinism

Hitler’s Defies Versailles Treaty• 1935 rearmed Germany & Luftwaffe

• 1936 Army marched into Rhineland which was supposed to be buffer between France and Germany

• 1938 Implemented the Anschluss with Austria

• 1938 invades Czechoslovakia

• Neither Western nations nor League of Nations did anything to stop him.

• Hitler saw this as weakness and it gave him the green light to demand even more.

Why Appeasement?• Great Depression

• Brutality of WWI needed to be avoided at all costs

• Britain had always thought that the Versailles terms were too harsh

• France preoccupied with unstable domestic politics

Reaction in the US

• Isolationism

• Nye Committee

• Not part of LON

Rome-Berlin- Tokyo Axis

• Alliance of 3 fascist govs

• Each opposed Soviet communism – Anti-Comintern Pact

• Each had territorial ambitions

• Agreed to regional hegemony

Spanish Civil War

• Franco (fascist) overthrew the democratic gov 1931

• Nazis assisted Franco - was dress rehearsal (Guernica)

• Practiced bombing civilian targets in Guernica

• Franco won and supported Nazis during the war

Picasso’s La Guernica

Nazi Expansion: The Anschluss

• Austrian had German population that he wanted to unite with Germany

• Hitler brought pressure on Austrian gov to removed anti-Nazis from gov & give Chancellorship to Nazi

• Marched in without a single shot.

• Violated Versailles Treaty

Anschluss 1938

The Czechoslovakia Crisis• Hitler demanded the Sudetenland that was taken from

Germany in the Versailles Treaty

Munich Agreement Appeasement• GB & FR went to

Munich to reach an agreement with Hitler

• Czech president, Benes, not even invited.

• Gave Hitler Sudetenland in return for promise that that was last terr demand

Interpret

Neville Chamberlain

• Returned from Munich claiming he has achieved “peace for our time” and that he had “saved Czechoslovakia from destruction and Europe from Armageddon.”

• Winston Churchill comments that “They had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor; they will have war

Sudentenland

Why Appeasement• Great Depression

• Brutality of WWI – Peace at any price (demo gov)

• France plagued with political instability

• Britain felt FR was paranoia & felt the TOV was too harsh.

• Both saw Hitler as a defense against Communism

Did Appeasement Work?

Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939 - Why• Agreement

stipulated:– Not to fight if the

other went to war– They would divide

Poland up

• Why did Hitler need this?

• Why was Stalin desperate for it?

Invasion of Poland 1939

• How did Germany justify the invasion?

• What kinds of military tactics were used?

• How long before Poland surrendered?

• How did this affect British foreign policy?

• How did the USSR benefit from this?

• How did the Nazis treat the Poles & Jews?