Africa Before, Now and After Dr. Phil Osagie

Africa Before, Now and After

Dr. Phil Osagie

Presented by: Dr Phil OsagieAt: University of Toronto ScarboroughIDSA02: ‘Experiencing Development in Africa’ Developed by: Canadian African Business Women Alliance (CABBWA) & IDS, Univ. of Toronto Scarborough

Scope of Presentation IntroductionPerception and misconception about AfricaThe Reality on the ground in Africa- current economic,

social, political state of countries in Africa.  Current unrest in North Africa – opportunities and

threats for rest of AfricaOpportunities in Africa The private sector Challenges facing women Prospects & Conclusion

Current perception about AfricaOne country!Lions and monkeys…And some goats Famine and droughtCorruption and autocracyDarkness Guns and warsInefficiencies and poor infrastructureMalaria and diseasesDiamonds and oil

Reality check & a slice of AfricaAfrica accounts for 90% of malaria deathsOne in six children die before the age of fiveMeasles takes the life of a child nearly every

minuteOver 12 million children orphaned by HIV

Aids (UNICEF)Average water use and consumption is 20

litres a day (Compare 150 in UK and 600 in US and toilet use in UK)

547 million live without electricity

Reality cont…Corruption concernsOver $145 billion leaves the continent every year and

Africa’s political elites hold over $700billion in offshore accounts (AU)

Someone dies of starvation every 3.6 secondsLess than 50% of the population have access to doctorsOver 80% of farmers are women32 out of the 50 poorest and most highly indebted

nations, from AfricaPoor infrastructure reduces productivity by over 40%

p.a

POLITICAL

Socio-Political issuesRegional instability- Sierra Leone, Angola, Liberia Land grabbing in Zimbabwe‘Personalization’ of powerRascality in SomaliaVicious circles of civil wars- Sudan, Somalia, Congo

…Youth unemployment and demographic pressureHunger and poverty induced social unrest Religious extremism ( Nigeria ) Wind of revolution and people power ( Egypt, Libya,

Tunisia).

Unrest in N. Africa

North Africa crisis- summaryMohamed Bouazizi (Tunisia)- self fire to raging political fire

Challenged conventional Arab and African lethargy

Transformed national politics

Challenged fundamental pillars of Middle East order

Popularized street activism

Manifestation of renewed people power

“Populism, paralysis..”- Goldman Sach’s Jim O’Neil

The effect on rest of AfricaSupply chain disruptionSentimentsDomino effectsRe pricing of insurance risk premiums (Africa

Reinsurance) and bank creditsPressure to adopt populist pre emptive

measures- increase in public debt and external borrowing

Reputation effect

What do you see?Only 5% of farmland in Africa is irrigatedOnly 5% of its hydropower has been tapped30% of Africa’s infrastructure needs

rehabilitationOnly one in four has access to electricityInstalled generation capacity of 48 countries

is only 689 gigawatts- less than a country in Europe

5.7% internet users- compared to 94.3% for rest of the world

DARK & HOPELESS? NO!

ECONOMIC

Economic TrendsAfrica’s economy expanded by 4.7% in 2010

and is expected to grow to 5.1% by 2011Fastest urbanization region in the world- 39.7

in 2005 to 53.5% in 2030Produces over half of the world’s diamondsOver 50% of the world’s goldCollective GDP of $2.6 Trillion by 2020Over 1.1 billion would be of working age by

2030

Economy….Home of the world’s biggest open markets-

over 3m daily to Nigeria Onitsha marketSix of the world’s fastest growing countries

in past decade ( Economist)Fastest growing middle class in the world- 60

million now and 100 million by 2015Direct Foreign Investment up by 1000% over

past decade ( $55 billion in 2010 alone)Mobile phone revolution- from 50m in 2002

to over 600m users- more than Europe and America)

Economy…2,375% growth in number of people with access to the

internetHome of richest black person in the world- the $10B

cement king Aliko Dangote ( not Queen Oprah Wimphrey)Labour productivity on the increaseTrade between Africa and rest of the world increased by

2000% since 2000Inflation down from 22% in mid 1990s to below 10% Increased privatization and reducing central role of

Government36 out of 40 Governments made things easier for

businesses in 2010 (World Bank)

Women

WOMEN- problems & prospectsOver 80% of farmers in AfricaOver 23m girls out of schools- world highestOver 100 million women use rudimentary farm toolsSpend 2000 hours a year weeding3 major challenges

- LIMITED ACCESS TO CAPITAL- GENDER INEQUALITY- CULTURAL BARRIERS( property, inheritance,

registration)

…..ProspectsGrowing women influenceWomen entrepreneurs own over 25% of

registered businesses in NigeriaMore women in business, military and

politics- President Ellen Johnson, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Juliet Ehimuan (Google Nigeria Country Manager), Bethlehem Alemu(Sole Rebels, Ethiopia), Stella Keng, Yolanda Cuba, Sibongile Sambo………

Many women now breaking the barriers

Bethlehem Tilahun Alemu- sole rebel

Chimamanda Adichie, African Queen of fiction

Hilary Clinton“ The women in Africa are the hardest working women in the world. If all the women in Africa, from Cairo to Cape Town decided they would stop working for a week, the economies of Africa will collapse.”

Unleashing the Entrepreneurial Spirit

Billionaire listALIKO DANGOTE 13.8B NIGERIA- cement,

industryNICKY OPPENHEIMER 7B S AFRICA-

diamondsNASSEF SAWIRIS 5.6B EGYPT- constructionPATRICE MOSOPE- SA - miningALI BEN BONGO- GABONFERNANDO DIAS- ANGOLAMIKE ADENUGA- NIGERIAMOHAMED HUSSEIN AL AMOOD- EthiopiaAND MANY OTHERS….

Economist

“Sub Saharan Africa was the fastest growing region in the world in 2011 and is expected to stay ahead of the pack in 2012”- London Economist

Outlook & Conclusion- From Hopeless to Rising

Closer…. Africa ( In Video)

AFRICA IS NOT A COUNTRY!o

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fW-0xZp9nMc&feature=related

o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELc4dv78G4c&feature=related (AFRICA)

thankyouthankyou

APPENDIX

perception & misconception about Africa

BASED LARGELY ON:o IGNORANCEo POOR GOVERNANACEo MEDIA CHOICE TO EXPOSED SELECTED

o arid desertso people starvingo animals everywhereo Civil unrest

perception & misconception about Africa

1. AFRICA IS A COUNTRYo Africa is not a country, but a

continent. o it is the second largest, and

second most populated, continent besides Asia.

o Africa has about 1 billion people and 61 different countries within it.

perception & misconception about Africa

2. AFRICA IS A DESERTo There are a few deserts in Africa

(like the Sahara Desert in the North and the Namiba Desert in the Southwest of Africa).

o Large parts of Africa, especially central Africa, are tropical rainforests.

o On high mountains, like Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, are subarctic conditions.

o Large areas in Africa have savannah plains, which are similar to prairies.

o So Africa is definitely not a desert

perception & misconception about Africa

3. AFRICANS LIVE IN HUTSo Many people believe that all African

people live in mud and dung huts.o This is completely false. o There are buildings and towns and cities

in every country in Africa. o If you were to Google the capital of any

country you would be surprised by what you see.

o That is also not to say that no people in Africa live in huts, as there are a lot of tribes that still choose to live in their traditional villages in huts, but the bulk of each country have become westernized and civilized.

o In Africa you find those landscape spoiling skyscrapers and concrete covered metropolises.

perception & misconception about Africa

4. WEIRD FOODo This misconception does hold a small amount

of truth to it, but nothing like what most people think.

o Not all food in Africa is strange. It is not difficult to find a KFC or McDonald’s in many countries in Africa.

o There are restaurants where you can order a nice and juicy filet steak, seafood, pizza, pasta, burgers and basically whatever else you can think of.

o One of the most popular family meals in southern Africa is a “braai,” which is just an ordinary classic barbecue.

o In the more rural villages and tribes the people hunt for their food and so eat mostly game meat and grains.

perception & misconception about Africa

5. ANIMALS EVERYWHERE

o I have been asked on so many occasions if I have a pet lion, or if there are antelope outside my house. Well lone may ask back – do you have a pet bear???

o Of course not, there are just as many wild animals walking through my city at the moment as there are in New York.

o Wild animals are kept out of towns and cities by the lack of food, habitat and fences.

o The animals outside the cities and towns are completely wild and even the select few people that have hand-reared a lion will tell you that a wild animal will always be wild.

o So no, there are no wild animals walking down the streets…

perception & misconception about Africa

6. AFRICAN LANGUAGE

o This is one of the most ridiculous ones I have ever heard.

o I think Africa is the most diverse continent in the world as there are hundreds of different languages spoken across it.

o Even just in my country, Nigeria, there are over 250 languages including Indian, English, Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo.

o Every country in Africa has at least five lesser languages as well as the common language, and it is true that many of these languages have clicks in them, but they are definitely not all the same language.

perception & misconception about Africa

7. NO HOTELSo Let me just clear this bit of confusion

immediately by saying there are plenty.o To prove my point I have chosen to use

agoda.com to pull the number of hotels they have from all the listed cities in South Africa.

o The results were as follows : Johannesberg – 62, Cape Town – 84, Durban – 52, Knysna – 56, Port Elizabeth – 39, Umshlanga – 31, Nelspruit – 17 and Hermanus – 31.

o That is a total of 372 hotels in South Africa, and considering those were just the ones listed on the one website I think it is safe to say that there are plenty of hotels in Africa. And it is very easy to land yourself in the lap of luxury in a Hilton hotel.

perception & misconception about Africa

8. NO TOILETSo Every country has its own taste in toilets. o I have traveled to a few countries and a toilet

is a thing that is as different as the culture.o American toilets have a tendency to be full of

water, almost to the top. o Italian toilets have a platform at the front of

their toilets with a small hole with water at the back.

o The Thai toilets, in the more rural areas, are just like squatting platforms with no bowl or seat. With that said, I would say that southern Africa’s toilets are reasonably normal. They have a bowl, a seat, and water, a little less water than the American and a little more water than the Italians.

o There are some pit latrines and long drops in the desert, but those are mainly just for people that feel the need to camp out in the middle of nowhere, but still don’t just want to squat behind a bush.

perception & misconception about Africa

9. BLACK AFRICANSo For all those who believe that all African

people are black, are all American people Native Americans?

o Hundreds of years ago, European explorers, conquerors and settlers traveled around the globe and developed the land they settled on. This happened all over the world including in North America, South America, Asia and Africa. The first white people that settled in Namibia for example, were Portuguese and did so over 400 years ago. Dutch settlers went to South Africa, French settlers went to Angola, and so the white people in Africa grew in numbers over the last 500 years.

o There are many white people in many countries in Africa, but that’s not all, there are also a lot of Indians, Chinese and Malaysians in South Africa. South Africa is known as the rainbow nation, and rightly so.!

references

• http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-statshttp://www.un.org/esa/analysis/wess/wesp2011files/2011wesp_pr_africa_en.pdf

• http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/outlook/http://www.oecd.org/document/16/0,3746,en_2649_33731_48794320_1_1_1_1,00.html

• http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Whats_driving_Africas_growth_2601

REFERENCES

• http://lapietracoalition.org/tag/african-economy/ CLINTON

• http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-28/clinton-tells-envoys-africa-economies-would-fail-without-the-toil-of-women.html

• http://www.liberationafrique.org/IMG/pdf/TJN4Africa.pdf

• http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/3-MP-PovertyFacts-E.pdf http://www.economist.com/node/21541015

• http://www.economist.com/node/21541008

VIDEOS

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fW-0xZp9nMc&feature=related AFRICAN CITIES

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=826tpNNrCF0 AFRICA PRIDE

Dr Phil OsagieGlobal communications strategist of JSP Corporation

& specialist on Emerging Markets and Africa

Email: [email protected]

Tel: 4167296945

JSP Canada Communications Corporation

Web: www.jspcanada.com, www.jspcorporate.com