Advances in UWB Measurement Technology - UBC ECElampe/ICUWB2009/2009ICUWB_Lombardi.pdfAdvances in UWB Measurement Technology . Outline ... Simulation Agilent Signal ... signals to

presented by:

Mark LombardiAgilent UWB Solution [email protected]

Advances in UWB Measurement Technology

Advances in UWB Measurement Technology

Outline

• UWB overview

• UWB R&D Challenges (Macro View)

– Design and Simulation of MB-OFDM based UWB

– Physical device measurements

• Industry Driven Testing

– Compliance Based/Interoperability

– Regulatory

• Conclusion / Q&A

Group/Presentation Title

Agilent Restricted

Month ##, 200XPage 3

Shannon-Hartley Theorem

Channel Capacity in Bits per Second is equal to the Bandwidth

times the log of 1 plus the signal to noise power ratio

Implications

1) Given a fixed signal to noise ratio, more bandwidth equals more

data rate

2) UWB can transmit data below the noise floor

Examples

1) A 30dB signal to noise ratio in a 500 MHz channel implies

about 1.5Gbit/s capacity

2) A 1 GHz channel with noise 10 times the signal level has about

41 Mbits/s capacity

UWB Spectrum

1.6 1.9 2.4

Bluetooth,802.11b,gCordless PhonesMicrowave Ovens

GP

S

5

802.11a

-41 dBm/Mhz

“Part 15 Limit”

UWB Spectrum

Frequency (Ghz)

EmittedSignalPower

10.63.1 8.2 57 81

ISM

66

FCC and ITU-R define UWB in terms of a transmission from

an antenna for which the emitted signal bandwidth exceeds

the lesser of 500 MHz or 20% of the center frequency

ISM

RA

DA

R

Group/Presentation Title

Agilent Restricted

Month ##, 200XPage 6

WLANMIMO

WiMAX/

LTE

Ultra-Wideband Technology (UWB)

UWBUWB

Direct SpectrumDirect Spectrum

MBMB--OFDMOFDM

RADARRADAR

CommunicationsCommunications

WiMediaWiMedia

Wireless USB Wireless USB

High Speed BluetoothHigh Speed Bluetooth

IEEE 802.15.3aIEEE 802.15.3a

UWB over CoaxUWB over Coax

(60GHz)(60GHz)

60GHz60GHz

ProprietaryProprietary

ETSIETSIECMAECMA--368368

IEEE 802.15.3cIEEE 802.15.3c

UWB Engineering Challenges I

ANTENNA, COMPONENT

• Wideband VSWR match and Impulse response

• Differential Signal Isolation, Common Mode Rejection

TRANSMITTER

• Spectral Flatness, Emission Mask, Peak Power, ACP

• Transmit chain amplitude & phase response

• Modulation Measurements (Error Vector Magnitude, Common Pilot Error)

• Phase noise

• Regulatory

UWB Engineering Challenges II

RECEIVER

• Interference Testing

• Generating UWB Test Signals

• Measuring Rx PER / BER, with known distortions (impairments)

• Interoperability testing

The Test & Measurement Challenge

Cross Domain Solutions

RF-IC / BB-IC IntegrationRF-IC Validation

BB-IC Turn-on

RF

A/D

A/D

D/A

D/A

IF

Base

ban

dD

igit

al

RF

A/D

A/D

D/A

D/A

IF

Base

ban

dD

igit

alDESER

SERDESER

SER

Digital Serial IQ + ControlAnalog IQ

Evolving To:Digital

Serial

Was: Analog

Measurement

DigitalRF

The Range of Measurement Requirements

Parameter Typical

Range

• Frequency……………………………………………………..DC - 95GHz

• Pulse Width (PW)………………………………...10nsec to Infinite (CW)

• Rise Time………………………………................100psec - 100nsec

• Duty Cycle……………………………………………..0.01% - 100%

• Peak Power………………………….…………………100uW - 50MW

• Frequency Agility/BW….……………………….100MHz - 6GHz (BW)

• Digital, Analog, RF, IF, BBIQ, Zero IF, Serial Data, Protocol,

Mixed Signal

ADC quantization error

ADCADC Model

802.11a interferer

WiMedia

Signal

802.11aSignal

Filter

Page 14

• Agilent provides test equipment enabling the design, debug, compliance test and manufacturing of UWB

Agilent E8267DPSG Series

Vector Signal Generator

Receiver Compliance AnalysisReceiver Compliance Analysis

Advanced Design System

Signal Generation

Demodulation

Base Band Modulation

Agilent N6030AArbitrary Waveform

Generator

Agilent 89600-seriesVSA Software, option BHB,WiMedia based MB-OFDMDebug and ComplianceAgilent E4440A

PSA Series 26.5GHzSpectrum Analyzer

Agilent Infiniium DSO 91204B12GHz,40GSaOscilloscope

Spectrum Testing

UWB DUT

Simulation

Agilent Signal Studio SW

Regulatory Test, FCC

Agilent 16900 Logic Analyzer (Digital BBIQ/IF)

Agilent UWB Test Products

Transmitter Compliance AnalysisTransmitter Compliance Analysis

89600 VSA SW Radio Measurements

Transmitter performance testing

• Example PHY Compliance Tests

– Transmitter

• Transmit Center Frequency

• Transmit Power Control

• Power Spectral Density Mask (PSD)

• Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR)

• Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

– Receiver (optional)

• Receiver Power Sensitivity

• Receiver Frequency Offset Sensitivity

• Phase tracking

RF tests for WiMedia based radios

Page 18

13GHz Acquisition off the Air

Over the air

acquisition of

up to 5 ms of

13GHz of BW

Page 19

MB-OFDM Demodulated

Tune to 9.4

GHz and

demodulate

the MB-

OFDM signal

transmitting

in UWB Band

Group 4

1 GSym/sec QPSK, 5.7% EVM

1 GSym / sec

(1.5 GHz BW)

1GHz FM Chirp generation and capture

1.0 uS pulseFrequency linearity across the 1 GHz sweep

Smooth phase rotation

Page 22

WLAN Demodulated

Tune to 6GHz

and

demodulate 32

QAM

Capture of WiMedia based Signals

• Over 500 MHz required for FFI and 1.6 GHz required for TFI

• Mix down and capture with 2 GHz scope all Band groups

• Direct capture with 6 GHz scope for Band Group 1

• 12 GHz scope for all UWB Band Groups

Captured with Agilent DSO91204B

Capture of Pulses

•Capture with appropriate BW

•“BB” Capture (DC – Scope BW)

Page 25

25

Dynamic Range, going beyond bits

• The noise figure is fixed, but the noise floor and bits

are not. Over-sampling and filtering reduce noise

¼ the Bandwidth = ½ the noise = 6dB = “1 bit”

@12GHz bandwidth

σσσσ= 406uV/p-p = 4.3mV

@10GHz bandwidth

σσσσ= 365uV/p-p = 3.6mV@6GHz bandwidth

σσσσ= 278uV/p-p = 2.8mV@1GHz bandwidth

σσσσ= 153uV/p-p = 1.6mVDSO91204A Example

Page 26

Differentiating Noise Sources

Real world example:DSO91204A

43 dBc12 GHz

2nd Harmonic

Page 27

“In” vs. “Out” of Band Measurements

Real world example:DSO91204A

500MHz

12 GHz

Transmitter Impairments

• Collect proposals on types of

impairments are relevant and good

predictors of interoperability

– Phase Distortion

– Frequency Offset

– LO leakage

Unintentional OCI and ACI

• Maintain PER with transmitter in adjacent channel (Intended Adjacent Channel Operation)

– Power level

• Maintain PER with image in channel (Unintentional Occupied Channel Interference)

– 20dB below

Wideband FM Chirp

• 800 MHz wide chirp

• 1.0 us pulse width

• 50 us PRI

Before Corrections After Corrections

Interference Signal Sources

Simulating UWB Interference

• It may not be necessary to create the original pulse. Consider what the victim receiver will actually see

• ESG-C has 80 MHz Arbitrary Waveform modulation bandwidth, which can be used to:– Generate 802.11a and Satellite

signals to test a UWB receiver

– Generate partial bandwidths of a UWB signal to test a narrow band receiver

DS-UWB with <50 MHz Rx bandwidth looks noise-like

MB-OFDM is also noise-like. Pulsing gives a more extreme test

High speed pulses (Example #2)

– Digitizing considerations

• Frequency content

• Noise floor

• Time capture


– 8 GHz capture BW


– 6 GHz capture BW


– 4 GHz Capture BW


– 3 GHz Capture BW

UWB Signal Capture and Demodulation (Example #4)

– (40 GSa/s, 6.6GHz carrier)


– (2 GSa/s, 6.6GHz carrier)


– (2 GSa/s, 6.6GHz Carrier, Image at 600 MHz)


– (2 GSa/s, 6.6GHz Carrier, Image at 2.6GHz)


– (4 GSa/s, 3.96GHz Carrier)


– (5 GSa/s, 3.96GHz Carrier)

Bandwidth VS Dynamic Range Comparison

Bandwidth

Dyn

am

ic R

an

ge

PSA option 122 80MHz @78 dB, 50

GHz, One Channel

Wide Band VSA (PSA option 123+Infiniium)

300 MHz @ 40 dB or 250 MHz @ 50 dB, 50

GHz One Channel DSO90000B,13 GHz Infiniium @ 40 dB,

Four Channels

Ultra Wideband VSA (N5280A+Infiniium) 1.5

GHz @ 40 dB, 26.5 GHz and 50 GHz options

Four Channels

Regulatory Emissions Tests

Why spectrum analyzer for regulatory testing, not oscilloscope?

• Spurious free noise floor

• Regulatory 1MHz ResBW, Compliance 3MHz ResBW

Regulatory Emissions Tests

E4440 26GHz Performance Spectrum Analyzer

• Most of the world wide regulatory organizations have or will have by early next year UWB limits.

• Tools are available today to help with the design and

integration of UWB based transceiver.

• Simulation aids the development of UWB based radio’s as

well as optimization and integration with other radios and

follow on applications.

• The multi-GHz of instantaneous BW needed to capture and analyze UWB requires an Oscilloscope.

• Powerful Signal Analysis SW, can aid transceiver

optimization, analysis and verification of operation.

• Receiver performance can be benchmarked and optimized

through the use of an instrumented transmitter.

• Regulatory testing necessitates Spectrum Analyzer

Summary

• Agilent Technologies Solutions for MB-OFDM Ultra-

wideband Application Notehttp://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-5280EN.pdf

• Agilent 89600 Series Vector Signal Analysis Software Data Sheet 89601A/89601AN/89601N12 http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-1786EN.pdf

• 89600 Vector Signal Analysis Software Option BHB:

Multiband-OFDM Modulation Analysis Technical

Overview

http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-5452EN.pdf

• Ultra wideband Communication RF MeasurementsApplication Note AN1488 http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-0506EN.pdf

• Web References

– www.agilent.com/find/signalgenerators

– www.agilent.com/find/psg

– www.agilent.com/find/basebandstudio

– www.agilent.com/find/signalstudio

– www.agilent.com/find/E6432

– www.agilent.com/find/esg

– www.agilent.com/find/phasenoise

– www.agilent.com/find/AD

More Information www.agilent.com/find/uwb

Advances in UWB Measurement Technology - UBC ECElampe/ICUWB2009/2009ICUWB_Lombardi.pdfAdvances in UWB Measurement Technology . Outline ... Simulation Agilent Signal ... signals to

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