ADULT EDUCATION.ppt

ADULT EDUCATION

ADULT EDUCATIONEnd of the 1st war: Confined to night schools in

metropolitan cities.19th century: rural libraries were set up1937: literacy & education has got included among the responsibilities of govt.1937-39: A series of provincial mass literacy campaigns launched.1939 – CAEB committee was appointed – on the problem of literacy.1944- Sargant committee was appointed1952 – 1st five years plan – the programme of social education was introduced as part of the community development programme.

1964-66: Kothari commission –

provision of part time general & vocational education to the younger adults

Use of mass media as a powerful tool of environmental building for literacy.

Active role of voluntary organization at state & district level.

1967-68 – training & functional unit –farmers

1971- full time Directorate for Adult education was appointed.

1975 -76– a functional literacy adult women programme was started.

1978 – National adult education was launched at New Delhi.

1981-82 – the above programme was expanded.1978-83 – The Central Government has undertaken Rural

Functional Literacy Project in each district in every State.

The size of each such project is up to 300 adult education centers with an enrolment of 30 adults in each centre.

It has 2 ongoing Schemes of Farmers 1. Functional Literacy Programme and 2. Non-formal Education for 15-35 age group.1988 –The National Literacy Mission came into being

on 5th May, 1988 to impart a new sense of urgency and seriousness to adult education the national literacy.

1995: The structure of the continuing education programme, launched as a fully funded centrally-sponsored scheme, will be retained and further strengthened and expanded in scope and content.

A continuing education center will be set up for a population of 2,000-2,500 so that it caters to the need of at least 500-1000 new-literates.

A nodal continuing education will be set up for a cluster of 10-15 continuing education centers.

Up to November, 2002,  587 districts out of 600 in the country

have already been covered under the total literacy campaign of which

202 districts have entered the post literacy phase and 187 in the continuing education phase.

DEFINITION:

Adult education is instructional and related support services for adults who are not enrolled in secondary school; who lack the educational foundation expected of a high school graduate; and whose inability to speak, read, and/or write the English language effectively impairs their ability to function on the job, in their family, and/or in their society.

To achieve their goals and develop their knowledge and potential, they are in need of programs to help raise their level of education and self-sufficiency.

Purposes for Adult Education: Personal growth and development:

individual self-actualization and wish to promote individual growth.

Social improvement: gaining new knowledge and skills to improve your personal or career situation.

Organizational effectiveness: This happens when an employer or another type of organization (e.g., community group, charity, etc.) sponsors learning activities so that members, employees, volunteers, etc. can reach organizational goals.

Intellectual growth Social transformation

Principles of Adult Education:

needs of the participants and make use of their different experiences,

the participation of individual adults, groups and communities in decision-making at all levels of the learning process; including determination of needs, curriculum development, program implementation and evaluation

Use course activities that are practical and

problem centered,

Engage participants in the learning process through an interactive approach,

Incorporate learners’ goals in the activities

Use discussion and group activities to help create a supportive educational environment,

Demonstrate practical applications of the skills and knowledge gained,

Use logic and sequence of class activities should reinforce lessons learned,

Demonstrate how the material and concepts learned fit together as a package,

Allow for self-appraisal opportunities, use of skills learned, and evaluation/feedback to the instructor.

Examples of Adult Education programs: Adult basic education, Literacy programs, Adult secondary education (including high

school credit courses, and vocational training for entry-level employment),

Life-coping skills, Parenting skills, Citizenship training for immigrants, English as a second language, Job-seeking skills, Classes for public assistance recipients to

prepare them for employment

SOCIAL EDUCATION

DEFINITION: it is a course of study directed towards the promotion of consciousness of citizenship among the people at the promotion of social solidarity among them.

It is not content with the introduction of literacy among the grown up illiterates but aims at production of the educated mind among the masses.

Social education is a regulated subject which increases the capacity of the individual for participating in collective works.

It is only through social education that the citizen can

increase his income with in his limited means and can make his contribution in building of society.

Types of social education

Social education Consists of 3 main types:(a) provide literacy to illiterate adults.(b) develop an educated mind in the adolescent to

literary work.(c) acquaint people with rights and duties par timing

to citizenship thus social education means the education of the

complete mean - it includes his physical, mental, intellectual, moral, social. economic and cultural development for establishing democracy on sound looking in the country expansion of social education is of paramount importance.

Aims of social education:1. Individual aims:

It deals with the individual development of an adult in respect of his physical, mental, political, economic and cultural development.

2. Social aims:Man is a social animal he likes to live in groups society is dependent upon the desirable behaviors of an individual, it is necessary to include all those things that are connected with the growth, progress and organization of society and ultimately the desirable behavior of the individual.

Programme of social education

In a democratic setup for a developing a healthy citizenship and to appoint individuals with the different facets of life it is of paramount importance they are

1. Spread of literacy2. Cottage industries3. Recreational activities4. Health and hygiene

1. Spread of literacy:♣ The literacy programmes should not be

confined with the education of 3 R’s namely reading, writing, and arithmetic

♣ as a needs of the adults should be assigned to mathematics, history, geography, civics, religion and moral education general knowledge, stories, autobiographic of great personalities should be included in the curriculum.

♣ the activities like debate, seminars, talks should also be organized in schools.

2. Cottage industries: For an economic progress of the adults a

working knowledge of cottage industry is essential

he can make use of his leisure time properly in the activities like weaving, making of ropes and mats etc.

3. Recreational activities:They are like the use of radio, cinema, T.V. computers, arranging for drama etc.

4. Health and hygiene: Adult should be acquainted with the rules of

health and hygiene and habituated to attempt to health of the

members of the family health programmes, health camps may be

organized through health clubs.

Examination and its Reforms

System of examination is an important component in the teaching learning process.

Whatever the teacher does in the form of examination is to be judged by the teacher itself to know how the students have achieved in the subject.

In the earlier day oral test was only the source of testing the student achievement.

1905 written test was introduced in the universities of Madras, Bombay and Calcutta.

All commissions setup by the government of India invariably suggest to reform the system of examination

The issue in the examination reforms

1. reform examinations that they help in informing quality and standards of education,

2. make examinations accurate and reliable.

3. reduce undue strain of examination. ultimately eliminate - the public

examination of present type and replace them by continuous and comprehensive evaluation done by the student.

4. institute selection tests - for admission to higher education and professional colleges.

5. replace marks by grades.

6. create a social climate against malpractices in examination.

7. improve the questions by making them more specific in terms of objectives content and language.

8. bring about concomitant changes in the curriculum text books, instructional materials and methods.

In the system essay type question were prevailing much they do not ensure the content the quality of answers objectives etc.

therefore there was a felt need by the people to change essay type test in terms of short answer type, very short answer type and objective type.

These are required only very specific word, a few relevant sentences to answer.

They ensure quality and relevancy in answering.

Therefore there is a great demand to change questions in terms of the following.

1. It measures a single specific objective.

2. It supplies a significant content area.

3. It states subject matter in a correct and accurate way.

4. It is well with in the comprehension of the student.

5. It can attempted with in a reasonable length of time. 6. It is worded in a clear, precise and simple

language. 7. It explores difficult words. 8. It is concise enough and avoids unnecessary

reading load.

There is a lot of thinking in reforming the system of examination in terms of open book examination system.

open book examination system: the students have the freedom to refer

the test books, reference books and other reading material to answer question in the examination.

Objectives open book examinations are;

1. To reduce considerably the emphasis laid on memory.

2. To make the examination more comprehensive in nature.

3. To inculcate regular study habits among students.

4. To remove the fear psychosis among students and to develop positive attitude towards examination.

5. To develop competency and refer to good.

6. To develop the capacity to present relevant material in logical sequence.

7. To develop the ability of self exploration and self appreciation.

Question Bank: Is a planned library of test items, pooled through the

cooperative efforts of the teachers. It is inbuilt feed back mechanism for the

improvement of the question. Questions from the question bank can be used by

the teacher to know the students achievement. Question bank can be refined, modified in order to

keep it update information. Students can know the mode of questions that are

set by the teachers which helps them to prepare for the examination.

It is a predetermine set of questions to be prepared and thorough for the examination. It leads to mastery over the subjects.