Adrenal Gland 111

8/13/2019 Adrenal Gland 111

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Adrenal Gland

and Cortisol

Renz Jethro M. Orte

ga

III BS in Medical Technology

Emilio Aguinaldo College Manila


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Objectives

Deine the adrenal gland

Di!cu!! the anatomy and "hy!iology o

adrenal gland

Identiy the hormone! and location! they are

"roduced in the adrenal gland

E#"lain corte# !teroidogene!i! and

$io!ynthe!i! o catecholamine E#"lain the hormone corti!ol


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Adrenal Gland

A multiunctional endocrine organ that

"roduce! !teroid hormone! and

neuro"e"tide! e!!ential or lie.

Su"rarenal gland% ound ato" the &idney!.

A "yramidal !tructure 'eighing a""ro#. (

gram!.


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Functions of the Adrenal Gland

Maintaining meta$olic "roce!!e!) !uch a!

managing $lood !ugar le*el!) regulating

inlammation and $lood "re!!ure.

Regulating the $alance o !alt and 'ater

Controlling the +ight or light, re!"on!e to

!tre!! Maintaining "regnancy

Initiating and controlling !e#ual maturation

during childhood and "u$erty.

The!e unction! relect to the hormone!"roduced $y the gland-


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Anatomy of Adrenal Gland

In human!) the right adrenal gland i!triangular !ha"ed% let i! !emilunar !ha"ed.

Each adrenal gland i! com"o!ed o t'o

em$ryologically di!tinct $ut con1oined)

gland!- the outer adrenal corte# and the inner

adrenal medulla.

Surrounded $y adi"o!e ca"!ule and renal

a!cia.


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htt"-'''.urologyhealth.orgurologyarticle!image!anatomy0Adrenal2l

and0coronal.1"g


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Anatomy of Adrenal Cortex

It i! deri*ed rom me!enchymal cell! thatdierentiate! into three di!tinct zone!- zona

glomerulo!a) zona a!cuculata and zona

reticulari!.

Contri$ute! to 345 o the gland6! 'eight.

A""ear! yello' in gro!! !ectioning.


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Anatomy of Adrenal Medulla

It ari!e! rom the neural cre!t cell! thatin*ade the corte# in the 7nd month o etal

de*elo"ment.

Contri$ute! to 845 o the total adrenal

'eight.

On gro!! !ectioning) the medulla i! dar&

mahogany.


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htt"-'''.cal!tatela.eduacultymchen(99574:ecture!Adrena

l!.""t


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Adrenal Glands Blood Supply

Su"erior !u"rarenal artery i! "ro*ided $y the

inerior "hrenic artery.

Middle !u"rarenal artery i! "ro*ided $y the

a$dominal aorta.

Inerior !u"rarenal artery i! "ro*ided $y therenal artery.

Arterie! that !u""ly $lood to the adrenalgland.


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Adrenal Glands Blood Supply

Right !u"rarenal *ein drain! into the inerior

*ena ca*a.

:et !u"rarenal *ein drain! into the let renal

canal o the let "hrenic *ein.

;enou! drainage o the adrenal gland i!achie*ed *ia-


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htt"-intranet.tdmu.edu.uadata&aedrainternaldi!tancecla!!e!

0!tudEngli!h8cour!eBiochemi!try47574Biochemi!try574o

574hormone!.htm


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hysiolo!y of Adrenal Cortex

The ma1or corte# hormone!) aldo!terone)

corti!ol and dehydroe"iandro!terone !ulate

are !ynthe!ized rom a common

"recur!or) chole!terol $y each zonal layer!.

?ona 2lomerulo!a

?ona /a!ciculata

?ona Reticulari!


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Clinical Chemistry@Michael :. Bi!ho" MS MT C:S) Ed'ard . /ody MD) :arry E. Schoe MS MT th

edition


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"ona Glomerulosa

Synthe!ize aldo!terone .

Critical or !odium retention ) "ota!!ium

and acid$a!e $alance.

=a*e lo' cyto"la!mictonuclear ratio and !mall

nuclei 'ith den!e chromatin 'ith intermediateli"id inclu!ion!.

2 cell! con*ert chole!terol to "regnenolone.


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"ona Fasciculata

Synthe!ize glucocorticoid! !uch a! corti!ol

and corti!one) critical or $lood gluco!e

homeo!ta!i! and $lood "re!!ure.

Cord! o clear cell!) 'ith high cyto"la!mic

tonuclear ratio and li"id! laden 'ith oamycyto"la!m.

2enerate androgen "recur!or D=EA


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"ona #eticularis

Sulate D=EA to D=EAS) the main adrenal

androgen.

Andro!tenedione and

dehydroe"iandro!terone

Shar"ly demarcated 'ith li"iddeicient cord!o irregular) den!e cell! 'ith li"ou!cin

de"o!it!.


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Cortex Steroido!enesis

Bio!ynthe!i! o hormone! occur *ia !u$!trate

a*aila$ility) enzyme acti*itie! and inhi$itory

eed$ac& loo"!.

Stored LDL

Use Acetyl-CoA

6 Carbons removed by

Cytochrome P450

Circadian signals

Serum cortisol

Stress

Cortisol Primary

!eedbac"

#egulator$

C#$ % Corticotropineleasin! $ormoneAC'$ % Adrenocorticotropic $ormone


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hysiolo!y of Adrenal Medulla

In re!"on!e to !ym"athetic !timulation) it

!ecrete! catecholamine) the ir!t re!"onder!

to !tre!!.

romote! the ight or light re!"on!e 'hichincrea!e! cardiac out"ut and $lood

"re!!ure) di*ert! $lood to'ard mu!cle and

$rain and mo$ilize! uel !torage.


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Biosynthesis and Stora!e ofCatecholamine

Clinical Chemistry@Michael :. Bi!ho" MS MT C:S ) Ed'ard . /odyMD) :arry E. Schoe MS MT th edition

(OA % )&*+,&dihydroxyphenylalanine-MA' % -esicle Monoamine 'ransporters.M' % henylethanolamine N&methyltransferase

/0 % /pinephrine./ % .orepinephrine


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Biolo!ical /ffects of Cortisol

rotein nitrogen cata$oli!m increa!ed 2luconeogene!i! Increa!ed $lood gluco!e concentration Decrea!ed gluco!e tolerance Increa!ed li*er glycogen Increa!ed li*er glycogenoly!i! Decrea!ed "eri"heral u"ta&e and utilization o

gluco!e

Decrea!ed !ynthe!i! o acid!ulated

muco"oly!accharide!


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Biolo!ical /ffects of Cortisol

/at !ynthe!i! and redi!tri$ution Cellular or ti!!ue eect! Antiinlammatory Di!!olution o lym"hoid ti!!ue :ym"ho"enia Eo!ino"enia Increa!ed erythro"oie!i! Alteration o cellular "ermea$ility) e!"ecially

decrea!ed mem$rane "ermea$ility to 'ater Increa!ed ga!tric !ecretion


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1rinary Metabolites of Cortisol

The li*er degrade! all glucocorticoid!

meta$olite! e#creted in urine.

23&hydroxycorticosteroid

Te!t- Poster-Silber %ethod & ' yello($

Reagent- Phenyl )ydra*ine in )+S,4 & alcohol

23&4eto!enic Steroids

Te!t-immermann #eaction & ' reddish .ur.le$

Reagent- %eta-dinitroben*ene

O#idation rocedure- /orymbers"i /a&

bismuthate$


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#eferences5

Clinical Chemistry @Michael :. Bi!ho" MS MT C:S ) Ed'ard . /ody MD) :arry

E. Schoe MS MT 6th edition

#evie7er for Clinical Chemistry @Maria Tere!a

Rodriguez8nd edition

$enry9s Clinical (ia!nosis and Mana!ementby )aboratory Methods @Richard A. Mcher!on)

MD and Matthe' R. incu!) MD) hD 88nd/dition

htt"-'''.ouh!c.eduhi!tology2la!!

574!lide!93049.1"g


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'han: you

Adrenal Gland 111

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