Top Banner
38

Adolescence - Weebly

Dec 08, 2021

Download

Documents

dariahiddleston
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Adolescence - Weebly
Page 2: Adolescence - Weebly

Adolescence

The transition period from childhood to adulthood.

Page 3: Adolescence - Weebly

Adolescence

Many  psychologists  once  believed  that  our  traits  

were  set  during  childhood.  Today  

psychologists  believe  that  development  is  a  

lifelong  process.  Adolescence  is  defined  

as  a  life  between  childhood  and  adulthood.

AP  Photo/  Jeff  C

hiu

Page 4: Adolescence - Weebly

Puberty

•  The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

Click above to see all you ever need to know about puberty.

Page 5: Adolescence - Weebly

Is adolescence getting longer or shorter?

Page 6: Adolescence - Weebly

Physical  Development

Adolescence  begins  with  puberty  (sexual  

maturation).  Puberty  occurs  earlier  in  females  (11  years)  than  males      

(13  years).  Thus  height  in  females  increases  before  

males.

Page 7: Adolescence - Weebly

7  

Page 8: Adolescence - Weebly

8  

Brain  Development Un&l  puberty,  neurons  increase  their  connec&ons.  However,  at  adolescence,  selec&ve  pruning  of  the  neurons  begins.  Unused  neuronal  connec&ons  are  lost  to  make  other  pathways  more  efficient.  

Page 9: Adolescence - Weebly

9  

Frontal  Cortex During  adolescence,  neurons  in  the  frontal  cortex  grow  myelin,  which  speeds  up  nerve  conduc&on.  The  frontal  cortex  lags  behind  the  limbic  system’s  development.  Hormonal  surges  and  the  limbic  system  may  explain  occasional  teen  impulsiveness.  

Page 10: Adolescence - Weebly

10  

Cognitive  Development Adolescents’  ability  to  reason  gives  them  a  new  level  of  social  awareness.  In  par&cular,  they  may  think  about  the  following:  

1.  Their  own  thinking.  2.  What  others  are  thinking.  3.  What  others  are  thinking  about  them.  4.  How  ideals  can  be  reached.  They  cri&cize  society,  parents,  and  even  

themselves.  

Page 11: Adolescence - Weebly

11  

Developing  Reasoning  Power According  to  Piaget,  adolescents  can  handle  abstract  problems,  i.e.,  they  can  perform    formal  opera*ons.  Adolescents  can  judge  good  from  evil,  truth  and  jus&ce,  and  think  about  God  in  deeper  terms.  

William

 Thomas  C

ain/  GeMy  Im

ages

AP/W

ide  World  Photos

Page 12: Adolescence - Weebly

12  

Cognitive Development

•  Have the ability to reason but…….

• The reasoning is self-focused. Assume that their experiences are unique. • Experience formal operational thought

Page 13: Adolescence - Weebly

Maturation

•  Physical growth, regardless of the environment.

•  Although the timing of our growth may be different, the sequence is almost always the same.

Click  to  see  movie  of  Captain  Marvel  and  his  matura&on.      

Page 14: Adolescence - Weebly

Puberty Sequence is way more

predictable than the timing.

How might timing differences effect an adolescent socially?

Page 15: Adolescence - Weebly

When does puberty start? The Landmarks

•  First ejaculation for boys

• Menarche for girls

Do we remember these things?

Page 16: Adolescence - Weebly

Primary Sexual Characteristics • Body

structures that make reproduction possible.

Penis

Testes

Ovaries Vagina

Page 17: Adolescence - Weebly

Secondary Sexual Characteristics •  Non-

reproductive sexual characteristics.

Widening of the Hips

Deeper Voice Breast Development

Body Hair

Page 18: Adolescence - Weebly

Identity •  One’s sense of self. •  The idea that an

adolescent’s job is to find oneself by testing various roles.

•  Comes from Erik Erikson’s stages of Psychosocial development.

Page 19: Adolescence - Weebly

Forming  an  Identity

In  Western  cultures,  many  adolescents  try  out  different  selves  before  seMling  into  a  consistent  

and  comfortable  identity.  Having  such  an  identity  leads  to  forming  close  relationships.

Leland  Bobble/  GeMy  Im

ages

MaMhias  C

lamer/  G

eMy  Images

Page 20: Adolescence - Weebly

Parent  and  Peer  Influence

Although  teens  become  independent  of  their  parents  as  they  grow  

older,  they  nevertheless  relate  to  their  parents  on  

a  number  of  things,  including  religiosity  and  

career  choices.  Peer  approval  and  

relationships  are  also  very  important.

Page 21: Adolescence - Weebly

21  

Developing  Morality Kohlberg  (1981,  1984)  sought  to  describe  the  development  of  moral  reasoning  by  posing  moral  dilemmas  to  children  and  adolescents,  such  as  “Should  a  person  steal  medicine  to  save  a  loved  one’s  life?”  He  found  stages  of  moral  development.  

AP  Photo/  D

ave  Martin

Page 22: Adolescence - Weebly

Moral Development

Three Stage Theory by Lawrence Kohlberg!!!

Page 23: Adolescence - Weebly
Page 24: Adolescence - Weebly

24  

Lawrence Kohlberg and his stages of Morality

• Preconventional Morality • Conventional Morality • Postconventional Morality

Page 25: Adolescence - Weebly

25  

Moral  Thinking 1.  Preconven&onal  Morality:  Before  

age  9,  children  show  morality  to  avoid  punishment  or  gain  reward.  

2.  Conven&onal  Morality:  By  early  adolescence,  social  rules  and  laws  are  upheld  for  their  own  sake.  

3.  Postconven&onal  Morality:  Affirms  people’s  agreed-­‐upon  rights  or  follows  personally  perceived  ethical  principles.  

Page 26: Adolescence - Weebly

Pre-conventional Morality •  Morality based on

rewards and punishments.

•  If you are rewarded then it is OK.

•  If you are punished, the act must be wrong.

Page 27: Adolescence - Weebly

Conventional Morality •  Look at morality

based on how others see you.

•  If your peers , or society, thinks it is wrong, then so do you.

Page 28: Adolescence - Weebly

Post-Conventional Morality •  Based on self-

defined ethical principles.

•  Your own personal set of ethics.

Page 29: Adolescence - Weebly

Criticisms of Kohlberg •  Carol Gilligan pointed

out that Kohlberg only tested boys.

•  Boys tend to have more absolute value of morality.

•  Girls tend top look at situational factors.

Heinz  Example  of  Morality  

Page 30: Adolescence - Weebly

Erik Erikson •  Thought our personality

was influenced by our experiences with others.

•  Stages of Psychosocial Development.

•  Each stage centers on a social conflict.

Page 31: Adolescence - Weebly

Trust v. Mistrust •  Can a baby trust the

world to fulfill its needs?

•  The trust or mistrust they develop can carry on with the child for the rest of their lives.

Page 32: Adolescence - Weebly

Autonomy V. Shame & Doubt •  Toddlers begin to

control their bodies (toilet training).

•  Control Temper Tantrums

•  Big word is “NO” •  Can they learn

control or will they doubt themselves?

Page 33: Adolescence - Weebly

Initiative V. Guilt •  Word turns from “NO” to “WHY?”

•  Want to understand the world and ask questions.

•  Is there curiosity encouraged or scolded?

Page 34: Adolescence - Weebly

Industry v. Inferiority •  School begins •  We are for the first

time evaluated by a formal system and our peers.

•  Do we feel good or bad about our accomplishments?

•  Can lead to us feeling bad about ourselves for the rest of our lives…inferiority complex.  

Page 35: Adolescence - Weebly

Identity v. Role Confusion •  In our teenage years

we try out different roles.

•  Who am I? •  What group do I fit

in with? •  If I do not find

myself I may develop an identity crisis.

Page 36: Adolescence - Weebly

Intimacy v. Isolation •  Have to balance

work and relationships.

•  What are my priorities?

•  I’m looking to spend the rest of my life with a person.

Page 37: Adolescence - Weebly

Generativity v. Stagnation •  Is everything going

as planned? •  Am I happy with

what I created? •  Mid –life crisis!!!

Page 38: Adolescence - Weebly

Integrity v. Despair •  Look back on life. •  Was my life

meaningful or do I have regret?