Acknowledgement Page

7/28/2019 Acknowledgement Page

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

In the name of Allah who is most merciful and beneficent.

First of all we are thankful to ALLAH ALMIGHTY who

gives us the knowledge and ability to think, understand,

interpret and countless blessings who made me able

enough to write this report. We would also like to thank

our HOLY PROPHET (P.B.U.H) without their guidance

we are nothing. We are thankful to our respectable

Lecturer MADAM: SAFIA SAGHEER who guided us at

each and every step. We would also like to thank my

friends who helped us to accomplish this task with their

ideas and efforts.


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DEDICATION

To our parents and teachers whom prayers have enabled us to complete this

report

&

To our Friends who always encourage us.


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Contents

Sr. No. Topic Page No.

1. Economy

2 Rise and decline of dirigisme

3 Sectors of the economy

4. Industry


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5 Energy

6. Privatizations of EDF

7. Agriculture

8. Tourism

9. Weapons industry

10. External trade

11. Regions economy

12. Departments economy and cities

13. Notes and references

14. See also

15. External links

16. Poverty in France

ECONOMY OF FRANCE

POPULATION

total: 64,057,792note: 62,150,775 in metropolitan France (July 2009 est.)POPULATION GROWTH RATE

0.549% (2009 est.)NATIONAL PRODUCT REAL GROWTH RATE

0.3% (2008 est.)2.3% (2007 est.)2.4% (2006 est.)GDP - PER CAPITA (PPP)

$33,200 (2008 est.)

$33,300 (2007 est.)$32,800 (2006 est.)note: data are in 2008 US dollarsUNEMPLOYMENT RATE

7.4% (2008 est.)7.9% (2007 est.)INFLATION RATE (CONSUMER PRICES)

2.8% (2008 est.)1.5% (2007 est.)


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EXPORTS

$601.9 billion (2008 est.)$546 billion (2007 est.)IMPORTS

$692 billion (2008 est.)$600.9 billion (2007 est.)

TELEPHONES - MOBILE CELLULAR

56.719 million; 55.358 million (metropolitan France) (2007)INTERNET USERS

31.295 million; 30.838 million (metropolitan France) (2007)

Browse by industry

AgribusinessAgriculture

Agricultural Machinery

,

Agricultural Products

Beverage

Alcoholic Drink

,

Soft Drink

Food

Cereal Based Products

,

Condiment, Sauce, Oil and Spice

,

Dairy Products and Egg

, ...

Consumer Goods and ServicesClothing and Textile

Children's and Infants Clothing

,


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Clothing Accessories

,

Men's Clothing

, ...

Consumer Electronics

Audio and Video Equipment

,

Telephony

,

Television Broadcasting

, ...

Consumer Trends

Furniture and Decoration

House ware

Home Goods

DIY and Garden Equipment

,

Household Products

,

Major Appliance

, ...

Personal CareBaby Products

Cosmetic and Toiletry

,Fragrance, ...

Retail

Catalog and Mail Order

,

Department Stores

,


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e-Commerce

, ...

Tourism and Leisure

Leisure

,

Tourism

Heavy IndustryChemical and Material

Advanced Material

,

Metal and Mineral

Construction and Building

Building and Engineering

,

Building Material

,

Construction Equipment and Machinery

, ...

Energy & environment

Energy

,

Energy technology

,

Environmental services

Manufacturing

Aerospace and Defense

,

Automotive

,


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Chemical

, ...

Transportation

Logistics and Freight

,

Maritime Transport

,

Railway Transport

, ...

Information Technology and MediaHardware and Electronic Equipment

Security SystemsInternet Business

Media

Motion Pictures and Movie

,

Press

,

Radio BroadcastingSoftware

Business Software

Telecommunication Services

Broadband

,

Internet Access, ISP

,

Network Equipment

, ...

Life Sciences


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Biotechnology

Healthcare

e-Healthcare

,

Manage Care

,

Medical Facility

, ...

Medical Devices

Diagnostics

,

Medical Equipment and Supply,

Ophthalmic Devices

, ...

Pharmaceutical

Drug and Medication

,

Over-The-Counter Drug,

Pathology

, ...

ServicesBusiness Services

Accounting and Corporate Finance

,

Advertising and Marketing

,

Business Consultancy and Audit

, ...


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Financial Services

Banking

,

Insurance,

Online Finance

, ...

Economy of France

Currency 1 euro (1) = 100 cent

Fiscal

year

Calendar year

Trade

organisati

ons

EU, WTO and OECD

Statistics

GDP $2.09 trillion nominal : $2.98 trillion[2]

GDP

growth

0.4% (2008) [3]

GDP per

capita

Nominal : $46,016 (2008) PPP : $34,208

GDP by

sector

agriculture (2.7%), industry (24.4%), services (72.9%) (2004)

Inflation (

CPI)

1.5% (2007) [4]

Populatio

n

6.2% (2008)


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below pov

erty line

Labour

force

27.88 million (2008)

Labour

force

by

occupatio

n

services (71.5%), industry (24.4%), agriculture (4.1%) (2007)

Unemploy

ment

8%[1]

Main

industries

machinery, chemicals, automobiles,metallurgy, aircraft, electronics;dextiles, food processing; tourism

External

ExpOrts $490 billion (2006) [5]

Export

goods

machinery and transportation equipment$ aircraft,plastics,chemicals, pharmaceutical products,iron and steel,beverages, electro

Main

export

partners

Germany 14.7%, Spain 9.6, Italy 8.7%,United Kingdom 8.3%, United States7.2%, Belgium 7.1% (2006)

Imports $529.1 billion (2006) [6]

Import

goods

machinery and equipment, vehicles, crude oil, aircraft, plastics, chemicals

Main

import

partners

Germany 18.9%, Belgium 10.7%, Italy8.2%, Spain 7%,Netherlands 6.5%,United Kingdom 5.9%, United States5.1% (2005)


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Public finances

Public

debt

$1.210 trillion (64.7% of the GDP) (2006)

Revenues $1.150 trillion (2006)

Expenses $1.211 trillion (2006)

Economic

aid

donor: ODA $10.1 billion (2006) [7]

Main data source: CIA World Fact Book

All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars

Rise and decline of dirigisme

Following the Second World War, Republic France embarked on an ambitious and very

successful programme of modernizations under state impulse and coordination. This

program ofdirigisme, mostly implemented by right-wing governments, involved the state

control of certain industries such as transportation, energy and telecommunication

infrastructures as well as various incentives for private corporations to merge or engage

in certain projects.

However, dirigisme came to be highly contested after 1982 when newly

elected socialist president Franois Mitterrand called for increased governmental

control in the economy, nationalising many industries and private banks. By 1983

with the initial bad economic results[citation needed] the government decided to

renounce dirigisme and start the era of rigueur ("rigour") orcorporatization. As a

result the government largely retreated from economic intervention; dirigisme has

now essentially receded though some of its traits remain.

Despite significant liberalization over the past 15 years, the government continues to

play a significant role in the economy: government spending, at 53% of GDP in

2001, is the highest in the G-7. Labor conditions and wages are highly regulated.

The government continues to own shares in corporations in a range of sectors,

including banking, energy production and distribution, automobiles, transportation,

and telecommunications which differs from countries like the U.S or U.K where

most of these companies are privatized.


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Sectors of the economy

Industry

France, as with many modern industrialized nations, has a large and diverse

industrial base. Leading industrial sectors in France are telecommunications

(including communication satellites), aerospace and defense, ship building (naval

and specialist ships), pharmaceuticals, construction and civil engineering, chemicals,

and automobile production (3.5m units in 2008).

Research and development spending is also high in France at 2.3% of GDP, the third

highest in the OECD.Energy

With no domestic oil production, France has relied heavily on the development

ofnuclear power, which now accounts for about 78% of the

country's electricity production, up from only 8% in 1973, 24% in 1980, and 75% in

1990.Nuclear waste is stored on site at reprocessing facilities.

In 2006 of electricity in France amounted to 548.8 TWh, of which:[5]

428.7 TWh (78.1%) were produced by nuclearpower generation

60.9 TWh (11.1%) were produced by hydroelectric power generation

52.4 TWh (9.5%) were produced by fossil fuel power generation

21.6 TWh (3.9%) by coal power

20.9 TWh (3.8%) by natural gas power

9.9 TWh (1.8%) by other fossil fuel generation (fuel oil and gases by-

products of industry such asblast furnace gases)

6.9 TWh (1.3%) were produced by other types of power generation(essentially waste-to-energy andwind turbines)

The electricity produced by wind turbines increased from 0.596 TWh in

2004, to 0.963 TWh in 2008, and 2.15 TWh in 2008, but this still accounts

only for 0.4% of the total production of electricity (as of 2006).


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Privatisation of EDF

In November 2007, EDF (which stands for Electricit de France), the largest

electricity provider in France, was floated on the French stock market, with the

French State keeping more than 70% of the capital. EDF is not the only electricity

provider in France. Other electricity providers include CNR (Compagnie nationale

du Rhne) and Endesa .

Agriculture

France is the European Union's leading agricultural producer, accounting for about

one-third of all agricultural land within the EU. Northern France is characterized by

large wheat farms. Dairy products, pork, poultry, and apple production are

concentrated in the western region. Beef production is located in central France,

while the production of fruits, vegetables, and wine ranges from central to southern

France. France is a large producer of many agricultural products and is currently

expanding its forestry and fishery industries. The implementation of the Common

Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on

Tariffs and Trade (GATT) have resulted in reforms in the agricultural sector of the

economy.

France is the world's sixth-largest agricultural producer and the second-largest

agricultural exporter, after the United States [citation needed]. However, the destination of

70% of its exports are other EU member states and many poor African countries

(including its former colonies) which face serious food shortage. Wheat, beef, pork,

poultry, and dairy products are the principal exports. The United States, although the

second-largest exporter to France, faces stiff competition from domestic production,

other EU member states, and third world countries. U.S. agricultural exports to

France, totalling some $600 million annually, consist primarily of soybeans and

products, feeds and fodders, seafood, and consumer oriented products, especially

snack foods and nuts. French exports to the United States are mainly cheese,

processed products and wine.

The French agricultural sector is heavily dependent upon subsidies from theEuropean Union, which account for 11 billion. France is the main country in the

EU that is against the reduction of subsidies. Subsidies have given France a

competitive advantage which also demotes the concept of free trade. Specific

government policies, such as the infamous reclassification of French wine as a

'health food' to avoid VAT, also goes a long way to create a thriving domestic sector.


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Tourism

France is the most visited country in the world with over 75 million visitors a year.

As of 2008, the most recent statistics compiled by the World Tourism Organization;

see World Tourism rankings. Tourism is a significant contributor to the French

Economy. In the 1960s the government heavily promoted the development

ofskiing in the French Alps through the development of new high level resorts

including some of the world's most extensive ski trails.

Weapons industry

France is the third largest weapons supplier in the world. The French arms industry's

main customer, for whom they mainly build warships, guns, nuclear weapons and

equipment, is the French Government. Furthermore, record high defense expenditure

(currently at 35 billion), which was considerably increased under the government

of Prime MinisterJean-Pierre Raffarin, have contributed to the success of the French

arms industries. In addition, external demand plays a big part in the growth of this

sector: for example, France exports great quantities of weaponry to the United Arab

Emirates, Brazil, Greece, India, Pakistan, Taiwan, Singapore and many others.

External trade

French exports in 2007

France is the second-largest trading nation in Europe (afterGermany).[6] Its foreign

trade balance for goods had been in surplus from 1992 until 2001, reaching

$25.4billion (25.4 G$) in 1998; however, the Frenchbalance of trade was hit by the

economic downturn, and went into the red in 2000, reaching US$15bn in deficit in

2003. Total trade for 1998 amounted to $730 billion, or 50% of GDPimports plus

exports of goods and services. Trade with European Union countries accounts for

60% of French trade.

In 1998, U.S.-France trade totalled about $47 billiongoods only. According toFrench trade data, U.S. exports accounted for 8.7%--about $25 billionof France's

total imports. U.S. industrial chemicals, aircraft and engines, electronic components,

telecommunications, computer software, computers and peripherals, analytical and

scientific instrumentation, medical instruments and supplies, broadcasting

equipment, and programming and franchising are particularly attractive to French


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importers.

The principal French exports to the United States are aircraft and engines,

beverages, electrical equipment, chemicals, cosmetics, luxury products and perfume.

France is the ninth-largest trading partner of the U.S.

Regions economy

The economic disparity between French regions is not as high as that in other

European countries such as Spain, Italy or Germany.

The most important regions are Ile-de-France (4th agglomerations for her economy

in the world), Rhnes-Alpes (6th economic european region thanks to its services,

high-technologies, chimical industries, wines, tourism), Provence-Alpes-Ctes

d'Azur (services, industry, tourism and wines), Nord-Pas-de-Calais (industries) and

Pays de la Loire.

Regions like Alsace, which has a rich past in industry (machine tool), are relatively

wealthy without ranking very high in absolute term.

The rurals area are mainly in Auvergne, Limousin, and Centre, and wines

productions account for a significant amount of the economy in Aquitaine

(Bordeaux region), and champagne for Champagne-Ardennes.

List of French regions ranked by GDP total and per capita.

Rank Region GDP(in millions euros,

2007)

GDP percapita

(euros, 2007)

1 le-de-France 480 870 42 7122 Rhne-Alpes 165 034 28 131

3Provence-Alpes-Cted'Azur

120 365 25 693

4 Nord-Pas de Calais 86 747 21 5555 Pays de la Loire 84 990 25 4016 Aquitaine 76 895 25 3747 Bretagne 73 511 24 443

8 Midi-Pyrnes 67 486 25 1409 Centre 61 968 25 00510 Languedoc-Roussillon 53 197 21 75211 Lorraine 53 013 22 76912 Alsace 46 870 26 19613 Haute-Normandie 44 864 24 92314 Picardie 41 276 22 02215 Poitou-Charentes 39 286 23 311


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16 Bourgogne 38 733 23 88017 Champagne-Ardenne 33 550 25 09318 Basse-Normandie 33 253 23 09919 Auvergne 30 632 23 12720 Franche-Comt 27 016 23 782

21 Rgions d'outre-mer(2002) 22 891 13 37522 Limousin 16 326 22 66423 Corsica 5 846 21 508

Source : INSEE.

Departements economy and cities

SomeDepartements in France are very rich compared to others. Paris, Hauts-de-Seine (GDP per capita : 67 000 in 2000) and Rhne, for example, concentrate a lot

of company headquarters. TheYvelines is the second richest dpartementin France

according to the income of inhabitants. In Hauts-de-Seine the wages are on average

28 000 per capita, in Yvelines 27 900, and in Paris 25 000 against 15 000 in

France (data 2004 INSEE).

Finally, in France like in other countries, a lot of cities are extremely rich in much

ofRegions, so the richest is Marnes-la-Coquette in Hauts-de-Seine with 81 750 per

household (according to INSEE, data 2004)

A quarterly report prepared by the Economist Intelligence Unit on behalf ofBarclays

Wealth in 2007 estimated that there were 3,000,000 dollar millionaires in France.

Notes and references

1. ^Euro area unemployment up to 7.5% - Eurostat

2. ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2009". International Monetary

Fund. Retrieved 2009-06-03.

3. ^http://www.france24.com/en/20090515-france-officially-hit-recession-gdp-negative-growth-economic-crisis

4. ^[1]

5. ^ Source:LElectricit en France en 2006 : une analyse statistique

6. ^ "Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2007".


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World Trade Organization. Retrieved 2009-06-03.

See also

France

Economic history of France

Economy of Paris

Poverty in France

Economy of Europe

Economy of the European Union

External links

Official French exporters directory - Firmafrance.com is the Official French

exporters B2B directory, powered by Ubifrance and officially endorsed by the

Ministry of the Economy, Finance and Industry of France.

OECD's France country Web site and OECD Economic Survey of France

French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE)

Investing in French Stocks - Nov, 2006 Global investor commentary on the

current state of French stocks.

The French Revolution of 2007 -Nicholas Vardy March 9, 2007 - Investor

perspective on changes affecting French markets and economy.[show]v d eMembers of the World Trade Organization (WTO)

[show]v d eOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)


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[show]v d eEconomy of Europe

[show]v d eEconomies of the dependencies ofEuropean Union states

Poverty in France

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A homeless man in Paris.

Life in France

Culture[show]Economy[show]Society[show]Government[show]

edit box

Poverty in France has fallen by 60% over thirty years. Although it affected 15% of thepopulation in 1970, in 2001 only 6.1% (or 3.7 million people) were below thepoverty

line (which, according toINSEE's criteria, is half of the median income).

Before, the poor were for the most part retirees. The trend reversed itself in the 1980s

with an increase in unemployment among young people; while poverty among the elderly

dropped 85% (from 27.3% to 3.8%), among those still in the workforce it increased by


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38% over the same 30 years (from 3.9% to 5.4%). Various social welfare programs have

had an important impact in low-income households, and in 2002, they may in some cases

have represented more than 50% of the household's income.[1]

Contents

[hide]

1 Status in 2005

2 Bidonvilles

3 See also

4 Footnotes

5 References

6 Notes

7 External links

Status in 2008

In 2008, thepoverty line was fixed at 645 euros per person per month. By comparison,

the revenu minimum d'insertion (RMI, which idea draws on guaranteed minimum

income, although it is not distributed to any one) was at that time 440.86 euros per month

for a person living alone.[2] The French poverty line is slightly higher than that of

the United States,[3] suggesting that some who would be considered living in poverty in

France would not be if they had the same income in the United States. However, it is

difficult to compare them as they are not calculated in the same way, notwithstanding

differences in cost orstandards of living. While the French poverty threshold is

calculated as being half of the median income, the U.S. poverty threshold is based on

dollar costs of the economy food plan, that is, on income inequality[4]

In 2005:

A million children (8%) were living below the poverty line;

42,000 children were affected by lead poisoning, a sign of decrepit housing; lead-

based paint has been forbidden for building painters since 1915, to all professionals

since 1948, and to everyone since 1993. The risk of exposure to lead today is four

times greater for buildings constructed before 1915 than for a building constructed

between 1915 and 1948.


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500,000 housing units were unclean.

200,000 students were in difficult financial situations, which has led young women to

pay for their studies by selling their "services," e.g. by placing ads forprostitution on

the Internet. This phenomenon is on the rise in the country (in 2006, the students'

union SUD Etudiant estimated the number to be 40,000).[5]

Nevertheless, social services allow France to have one of the lowest child mortality rates

despite this poverty.

Despite the positive developments, it seems that rural areas have been attracting more and

more of those left behind; a non-negligible segment of at-risk city populations have been

moving to the country and joining the ranks of small-time farmers among "rural" welfare

recipients. This phenomenon is partly explained by the lower cost of rural living

compared to the expense of city life.[6]

Another indicator of poverty is the RMI. In 1994, in metropolitan France, the number of

RMI recipients was 783,436; ten years later (in June 2004), it rose to 1,041,026. In

the overseas departments, it was 105,033 at the end of 1994 and 152,892 in June 2004.[7] By 31 December 2005, the figure stood at 1,112,400. [citation needed] From December 2004

to December 2005, the number of RMI recipients increased by 4.7% according to

the Secours catholique NGO.[8]

Bidonvilles

Although poverty seems to have decreased overall, a form of extreme misery has

reappeared in the 2000s. The media have attracted attention to bidonvilles (shanty towns),

which were thought to have disappeared in the 1970s, with the transformation

ofNanterre's bidonville into a modern city (at the end of the 1960s, there were 89 shanty

towns on the outskirts ofParis, and 43% of French Algerians lived in bidonvilles in 1963,

a year after the Evian Accords put an end to the Algerian War[9] ). Such urban

communities, without roads orpublic services (no electricity, one access point to water),

are a reality for example in Villeurbanne (Lyon), where a bidonville contains 500 persons

with Roma origins, a third of them being children.[10][11][12] In February 2007, bulldozersdestroyed a bidonville in Bobigny, near Paris, where 266 Romanian and Bulgarian

citizens had been registered.[13][14][15][16]

Furthermore, bidonvilles are common in the overseas departments.[17]


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See also

Abb Pierre

Poverty by country

Footnotes

1. ^(French)Le rapport de l'Observatoire national de la pauvret et de l'exclusion

sociale 2003-2004, second part and third part. See p. 26 of Part 1.

2. ^(French)Montant de l'allocation de revenu minimum d'insertion

3. ^2005 Federal Poverty Guidelines, U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services, retrieved February 15, 2007

4. ^The Development and History of the U.S. Poverty Thresholds A Brief

Overview, by Gordon M. Fisher, USDepartment of Health and Human Services,

[[GSS/SSS Newsletter [Newsletter of the Government Statistics Section and the

Social Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association]], Winter 1997,

pp. 6-7]

5. ^(French)La prostitution gagne les bancs de la fac,Le Figaro, October 30, 2006

6. ^ Alexandre Pags (2005),La pauvret en milieu rural, Toulouse, Presses

Universitaires du Mirail

7. ^Les bnficiaires du RMI selon la situation familiale, INSEE (Source : Cnaf,fichier FILEAS, donnes au 31 dcembre 1994 et au 30 juin 2004). Published in

June 2004

8. ^STATISTIQUES DACCUEIL 2005 - Pauvret: facteur d'isolement , Secours

catholique

9. ^Le Gone du Chaba(French)

10.^Dans le bidonville des Rom de Villeurbanne,L'Humanit, January 24,

2007 (French)

11.^Les enfants des bidonvilles font leur rentre scolaire, 20 Minutes (Lyon),

October 11, 2006 (French)

12.^ "Photos". Retrieved 2007-02-20.

13.^Le bidonville de Bobigny ras de la carte, 20 Minutes, 2 February

2007 (French)


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14.^Ile-de-France. Le bidonville de Bobigny progressivement ras au bulldozer,La

Gazette des Communes, 1 February 2007 (French)

15.^Le bidonville de Bobigny,Radio France Internationale (audio reportage) 30

January 2007 (French)

16.^Bienvenue Bidonville-sur-Bobigny, 20 Minutes, 17 January 2007 (French)

17.^Quand la France rase illgalement maisons et bidonvilles,Radio France

Internationale, April 28, 2006 (French)

References

Report by the Conseil de l'emploi, des revenus et de la cohsion sociale (CERC),

February 17, 2005[1]

April 2005 report on poverty in France by Emmas given by its president MartinHirsch to the ministre des Solidarits, de la Sant et de la Famille Philippe Douste-

Blazy

Notes

This article is based on theFrench Wikipedia articlePauvret en France,

retrievedFebruary 15,2007.

External links

(French)Seuils de pauvret en France, sur le site de l'INSEE

(French)Taux de pauvret en France, sur le site de l'INSEE

(French)Observatoire national de la pauvret et de lexclusion sociale

(French)Observatoire des Ingalits, Donnes sur la pauvret

Acknowledgement Page

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