ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY - Warren County Public Schools 15 11 Psychological...Introduction to Abnormal Psychology PSYCHOPATHOLOGY the study of the causes, symptoms, and development of psychological

Fast Track Chapter 11(Bernstein Chapter 15)

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGYPsychological Disorders

Introduction to Abnormal Psychology

✤ PSYCHOPATHOLOGY the study of the causes, symptoms, and development of psychological or mental disorders

✤ MENTAL DISORDERS characterized by deviant, maladaptive, or harmful behaviors and disruptive patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that cause distress and dysfunction and affect the performance of daily functions

✤ Approximately 60 million Americans have or are suffering from mental disorders.

✤ Roughly half of all Americans will experience some form of mental illness by age 75.

✤ Symptoms tend to first be exhibited in childhood.

✤ Many affect economic, gender, and ethnic groups equally.

✤ Due to flaws in surveys, these numbers may actually be even higher.

Defining Abnormal Behavior

✤ The most accurate way of defining abnormal behavior is to examine whether the behavior impairs or interferes with a person’s ability to function.

✤ This practical approach to defining abnormal behavior:

1. examines the behavior being displayed,2. compares it to established norms in a sociocultural context, and 3. identifies the consequences associated with the behavior.

✤ This approach focuses on how a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors affect (or interfere with) his/her home life, work, and social functioning.

Explaining Psychological Disorders

✤ MEDICAL MODEL psychological disorders are actually sicknesses associated with specific symptoms that must be treated medically; led to development of hospitals for the mentally ill

✤ NEUROBIOLOGICAL MODEL modern name for the medical model; psychological disorders are the result of biological factors; includes imbalances of bodily processes, brain abnormalities, and genetic influences

✤ PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL psychological disorders are the result of psychological processes only; includes interpretation of stressful events, memories from traumatic events, self-defeating attitudes and thinking pattern, and distorted perceptions

✤ SOCIOCULTURAL MODEL psychological disorders result from societal roles and expectations, environmental location, gender, age, ethnicity, and social and cultural definitions of normal and abnormal behavior

✤ BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL psychological disorders are the result of the combination and interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

✤ DIATHESIS-STRESS MODEL the amount and type of stress play a crucial role in triggering genetic predispositions, which could result in psychological disorders

Classifying Psychological Disorders

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

✤ reference book written by a collection of individuals used by all psychologists for identifying and classifying psychological disorders

✤ first published by the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1952

✤ latest edition, DSM-IV-TR (2000)

✤ provides specific guidelines that must be met for someone to be diagnosed and labeled with a given disorder

✤ guidelines listing factors identified through the biopsychosocial model, provide a checklist for psychologists in determining causes of disorders

✤ individuals evaluated on five dimensions represented by five axes (see handout)

Labeling Psychological Disorders

✤ Some believe labels cause more harm than good.

✤ Labeling leads others to treat the labeled differently.

✤ Psychiatrist Thomas Szasz says descriptions of individuals are better than labels.

✤ Labels don’t include unique qualities that are part of a description of a person.

✤ Labeled people tend to act/live up to the expectations and characteristics of the label, hindering improvement.

BIPOLAR

SCHIZOPHRENIA

NARCISSISTIC

BORDERLINE

OCDDEPRESSION

MANIC

Anxiety Disorders

✤ Phobia✤ Generalized Anxiety Disorder✤ Panic Disorder✤ Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)✤ Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Somatoform Disorders

✤ Conversion Disorder✤ Hypochondriasis✤ Somatization Disorder✤ Pain Disorder

Dissociative Disorders

✤ Dissociative Fugue✤ Dissociative Amnesia✤ Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder

Mood Disorders✤ Major Depressive Disorder

also referred to as Unipolar Disorder

✤ Dysthymic Disorder

✤ Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

✤ Bipolar I Disorder formerly called Manic Depressive Disorder

✤ Bipolar II Disorder

✤ Cyclothymic Disorder

✤ Hypomania

Schizophrenia

✤ Paranoid Schizophrenia

✤ Disorganized Schizophrenia

✤ Catatonic Schizophrenia

✤ Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

✤ Residual Schizophrenia

Personality Disorders

✤ Paranoid✤ Schizoid✤ Schizotypal✤ Dependent✤ Obsessive-Compulsive

✤ Avoidant✤ Histrionic✤ Narcissistic✤ Borderline✤ Antisocial

Other Disorders

✤ Psychological Disorders of Childhood✤ Externalizing/Undercontrolled Disorders (Conduct Disorders, ADHD)

✤ Internalizing/Overcontrolled Disorders (Separation Anxiety Disorder)

✤ Pervasive Developmental Disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorder)

✤ Substance-Related Disorders ✤ psychoactive drug addiction

✤ alcoholism✤ other drug-dependence disorders (heroin, cocaine)

Mental Illness & the Law

✤ U.S. Legal Protection for Individuals with Psychological Disorders

✤ Protection from Prosecution

✤ Protection from Punishment

✤ Criticisms of Legal Protections for the Mentally Ill

✤ Legal Reforms

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY ProjectA 10-Minute Overview of an APA-Recognized Category of Psychological Disorders

✤ DESCRIBE your assigned DSM-IV-TR category of disorders.

✤ DEFINE and EXPLAIN the specific disorders related to your category. This includes diagnostic criteria, symptoms, and etiology (possible causes or origin) of these disorders.

✤ INCLUDE web links to video examples of your category illustrating some of the disorders in your assigned category.

✤ DISCUSS the methods most often used to treat the disorders in your category as well as the effectiveness of these treatments.