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SRI SHARDA INSTITUTE OF INDIAN MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH THE DISSERTATION REPORT ON “STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF CONSUMER DURABLE INDUSTRY IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAMSUNG PVT . LTD” SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY : 1
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A STUDY on EQUITY ANALYSIS of Automobile Industry in India

Oct 15, 2014

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Page 1: A STUDY on EQUITY ANALYSIS of Automobile Industry in India

SRI SHARDA INSTITUTE OF INDIAN MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH

THE

DISSERTATION REPORT

ON

“STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF CONSUMER DURABLE INDUSTRY IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAMSUNG PVT . LTD”

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY :

PROF. DR.RITVIK DUBEY NEETU KUMARI

ROLL NO-20100140

PGDM (2010-2012)

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project on “STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF CONSUMER DURABLE INDUSTRY IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAMSUNG PVT . LTD”of “DISSERTATION” of PGDM to Sri Sharada Institutes of Indian Management Research is my own original work for the fulfillment of the requirement for any course of the study. I also declare that no chapter of the manuscript in whole or part is lifted and incorporated in this report from any other work done by me or others.

Place:

Date:

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Acknowledgement

Survey is an excellent tool for learning & exploration. No classroom routine can substitute

which is possible while working in real situations. Application of theoretical knowledge to

practical situations is the bonanzas of this survey. Without a proper combination of inspection

& perspiration, it’s not easy to achieve to anything. There is always a sense of gratitude,

which we express to others for the help & needy services they render during the different

phases of our lives. I really wish to express my gratitude towards all those who have been

helpful to me directly or indirectly during the development of this project.

I would like to acknowledge to my sincere gratitude to our CMT& MD Rev. Swami Ji (Dr.)

Parthasarathy and my project guide Prof. Ritvik Dubey for helping me in this project

work. I am thankful to them for their encouraging and valuable support. Working under them

was an extremely knowledgeable and enriching experience for me.

I am very thankful to them for all the value addition and enhancement done to me. No words

can adequately express my overriding debt of gratitude to my parents and friends whose

support helps me in all the way.

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CONTENTS:-

Chapter No. Name of the concept Page No.

I Introduction

Need of the study

Objectives of the study

Scope of the study

Methodology of the study

Limitations of the study

6

15

16

16

16

18

II Review of Literature 19

III Industry Profile 32

IV Data analysis and interpretation 46

V Findings, Suggestions and

Conclusion

73

77

VI Bibliography 79

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SUMMARY

The automobile industry, one of the core sectors, has undergone metamorphosis with the

advent of new business and manufacturing practices in the light of liberalization and

globalization. The sector seems to be optimistic of posting strong sales in the couple of years

in the view of a reasonable surge in demand. The Indian automobile market is gearing

towards international standards to meet the needs of the global automobile giants and become

a global hub.

A detailed analysis of Automobile industry has been covered in respect of past growth and

performance. Under this project to better understand the Industry I have used Fundamental

tools to make it more authentic and meaningful.

An economy-industry-company (E.I.C) approach has been followed under Fundamental

Analysis which covers effect of Recession, the impact of inflation, FDI’s, Export, and GDP

etc. on Automobile Industry. The Industry Analysis has been done with the help of SWOT

analysis and industry life cycle. For Company Analysis as a part of Fundamental tool we

have undergone with the comparative analysis of TATA Motors the leading company, Maruti

Suzuki India’s largest Car manufacturer and Mahindra and Mahindra along with the help of

ratio analysis. The fundamental aspect consists of financial and Non-Financial analysis of

these companies.

At the end conclusion and recommendations have been specified so as to make the project

work more meaningful and purposeful.

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CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

India is a developing country. Nowadays many people are interested to invest in financial

markets especially on equities to get high returns, and to save tax in honest way. Equities are

playing a major role in contribution of capital to the business from the beginning. Since the

introduction of shares concept, large numbers of investors are showing interest to invest in

stock market. In an industry plagued with skepticism and a stock market increasingly difficult

to predict and contend with, if one looks hard enough there may still be a genuine aid for the

Day Trader and Short Term Investor.

The automotive industry in India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest

growing globally. India's passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is

the seventh largest in the world, with an annual production of more than 3.7 million units in

2010. According to recent reports, India is set to overtake Brazil to become the sixth largest

passenger vehicle producer in the world, growing 16-18 per cent to sell around three million

units in the course of 2011-12.  In 2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter

of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.

As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than 3.7 million automotive

vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33.9%), making the country the

second fastest growing automobile market in the world. According to the Society of Indian

Automobile Manufacturers, annual vehicle sales are projected to increase to 5 million by

2015 and more than 9 million by 2020. By 2050, the country is expected to top the world in

car volumes with approximately 611 million vehicles on the nation's roads.

The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is based around three clusters in the south,

west and north. The southern cluster near Chennai is the biggest with 35% of the revenue

share. The western hub near Maharashtra is 33% of the market. The northern cluster is

primarily Haryana with 32%. Chennai, is also referred to as the "Detroit of India” with the

India operations of Ford, Hyundai, Renault and Nissan headquartered in the city

and BMW having an assembly plant on the outskirts. Chennai accounts for 60% of the

country's automotive exports. Gurgaon and Manesar in Haryana form the northern cluster

where the country's largest car manufacturer, Maruti Suzuki, is based.  The Chakan corridor

near Pune, Maharashtra is the western cluster with companies like General

Motors, Volkswagen, Skoda, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz, Land

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Rover, Fiat and Force Motors having assembly plants in the

area. Aurangabad with Audi, Skoda and Volkswagen also forms part of the western cluster.

Another emerging cluster is in the state of Gujarat with manufacturing facility of General

Motors in Halol and further planned for  Tata Nano at Sanand. Ford, Maruti Suzuki

and Peugeot-Citroen plants are also set to come up in Gujarat. Kolkata with Hindustan

Motors, Noida with Honda and Bangalore with Toyota are some of the other automotive

manufacturing regions around the country

The price of a security represents a consensus. It is the price at which one person agrees to

buy and another agrees to sell. The price at which an investor is willing to buy or sell depends

primarily on his expectations. If he expects the security's price to rise, he will buy it; if the

investor expects the price to fall, he will sell it. These simple statements are the cause of a

major challenge in forecasting security prices, because they refer to human expectations. As

we all know first hand, humans expectations are neither easily quantifiable nor predictable. If

prices are based on investor expectations, then knowing what a security should sell for (i.e.,

fundamental analysis) becomes less important than knowing what other investors expect it to

sell for. That's not to say that knowing what a security should sell for isn't important--it is.

But there is usually a fairly strong consensus of a stock's future earnings that the average

investor cannot disprove Fundamental analysis and technical analysis can co-exist in peace

and complement each other. Since all the investors in the stock market want to make the

maximum profits possible, they just cannot afford to ignore either fundamental or technical

analysis.

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Overviews of Indian Automobile Industry

Indian automobile industry has demonstrated a phenomenal growth to this day. Today, the

Indian automobile industry presents a galaxy of varieties and models meeting all possible

expectations and globally established industry standards. Some of the leading names echoing

in the Indian automobile industry include Maruti Suzuki, Tata Motors, Mahindra and

Mahindra, Hyundai Motors, Hero Honda and Hindustan Motors in addition to a number of

others.

During the early stages of its development, Indian automobile industry heavily depended on

foreign technologies. However, over the years, the manufacturers in India have started using

their own technology evolved in the native soil. The thriving market place in the country has

attracted a number of automobile manufacturers including some of the reputed global leaders

to set their foot in the soil looking forward to enhance their profile and prospects to new

heights. Following a temporary setback on account of the global economic recession, the

Indian automobile market has once again picked up a remarkable momentum witnessing a

buoyant sale for the first time in its history in the month of September 2009.

The automobile sector of India is the seventh largest in the world. In a year, the country

manufactures about 2.6 million cars making up an identifiable chunk in the world’s annual

production of about 73 million cars in a year. The country is the largest manufacturer of

motorcycles and the fifth largest producer of commercial vehicles. Industry experts have

visualized an unbelievably huge increase in these figures over the immediate future. The

figures published by the Asia Economic Institute indicate that the Indian automobile sector is

set to emerge as the global leader by 2012. In the year 2009, India rose to be the fourth

largest exporter of automobiles following Japan, South Korea and Thailand. Experts state that

in the year 2050, India will top the car volumes of all the nations of the world with about 611

million cars running on its roads.

At present, about 75 percent of India’s automobile industry is made up by small cars, with the

figure ranking the nation on top of any other country on the globe. Over the next two or three

years, the country is expecting the arrival of more than a dozen new brands making compact

car models. Recently, the automotive giants of India including General Motors (GM),

Volkswagen, Honda, and Hyundai, have declared significant expansion plans. On account of

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its huge market potential, a very low base of car ownership in the country estimated at about

25 per 1,000 people, and a rapidly surging economy, the nation is firmly set on its way to

become an outsourcing platform for a number of global auto companies. Some of the

upcoming cars in the India soil comprise Maruti A-Star (Suzuki), Maruti Splash (Suzuki),

VW Up and VW Polo (Volkswagen), Bajaj small car (Bajai Auto), Jazz (Honda) and Cobalt,

Aveo (GM) in addition to several others.

History of the Automobile industry in India

The economic liberalization that dawned in

India in the year 1991 has succeeded in bringing about a sustained growth in the automotive

production sector triggered by enhanced competitiveness and relaxed restrictions prevailing

in the Indian soil. A number of Indian automobile manufacturers including Tata Motors,

Maruti Suzuki and Mahindra and Mahindra, have dramatically expanded both their domestic

and international operations. The country’s active economic growth has paved a solid road to

the further expansion of its domestic automobile market. This segment has in fact invited a

huge amount of India-specific investment by a number of multinational automobile

manufacturers. As a significant milestone in its progress, the monthly sales of passenger cars

in India exceeded 100,000 units in February 2009.

The beginnings of automotive industry in India can be traced during 1940s. After the nation

became independent in the year 1947, the Indian Government and the private sector launched

their efforts to establish an automotive component manufacturing industry to meet the needs

of the automobile industry. The growth of this segment was however not so encouraging in

the initial stage and through the 1950s and 1960s on account of nationalization combined

with the license raj that was hampering the private sector in the country. However, the period

that followed 1970s, witnessed a sizeable growth contributed by tractors, scooters and

commercial vehicles. Even till those days, cars were something of a sort of a major luxury.

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Eventually, the country saw the entry of Japanese manufacturers establishing Maruti Udyog.

During the period that followed, several foreign based companies started joint ventures with

Indian companies. During 1980s, several Japanese manufacturers started joint-ventures for

manufacturing motorcycles and light commercial-vehicles. After this, automotive component

and automobile manufacturing growth remarkably speed-up to meet the demands of domestic

and export needs.

Experts have an opinion that during the early stages the policies and the treatment by the

Indian government were not favorable to the development of the automobile industry.

However, the liberalization policy and various tax reliefs announced by the Indian

government over the recent past have pronounced a significantly encouraging impact on this

industry segment. Estimates reveal that owing to several boosting factors, Indian automobile

industry has been growing at a pace of about 18% per year. Therefore, global automobile

giants like Volvo, General Motors and Ford have started looking at India as a prospective hot

destination to establish and expand their operations.

Like many other nations India’s highly developed transportation system has played a very

important role in the development of the country’s economy over the past to this day. One

can say that the automobile industry in the country has occupied a solid space in the platform

of Indian economy. Empowered by its present growth, today the automobile industry in the

country can produce a diverse range of vehicles under three broad categories namely cars,

two-wheelers and heavy vehicles.

Exports of Automobile Industry

Today, India is among the world’s largest

producers of small cars. The New York Times has rated India as a very strong engineering

base with an incomparable expertise in the arena of manufacturing a number of low-cost,

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fuel-efficient cars has encouraged the expansion plans of the manufacturing facilities of a

number of automobile leaders like Hyundai Motors, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen and Suzuki.

On 22 February 2010, Hyundai motors exported its 10,00,000th car, the feat which was

achieved by the firm in just over 10 years. Hyundai Motors is the largest passenger car

exporter and the second largest car manufacturer in the country. In the similar lines, General

Motors has announced its plans to export not less than 50,000 cars made in India by the year

2011. In yet another proposal, Ford Motors is to setup a manufacturing facility costing about

US$500 million in India with an annual capacity of 250,000 cars. The firm has stated that the

facility will play a major part in its strategic plan to make India a hub for its global

production business. In yet another significant move, Fiat motors has stated that it will source

a big volume of auto components from India worth about US$1 billion. In the year 2009,

India overtook China by emerging as the fourth largest exporter of cars in Asia.

Various Segments of the Indian Automobile Industry

Motor cycles manufacture makes up the major share in the two-

wheeler segment of the Indian automobile industry. About 50% of the motorcylcles are

manufactured by Hero Honda. While Honda manufactures about 46% of the scooters, TVS

produces 82% of the mopeds running on the Indian roads.

About 40% of the three-wheelers manufactured in India are used for transporting goods with

Piaggio manufacturing 40% of the vehicles sold in the Indian market. On the other hand,

Bajaj has emerged as the leader in manufacturing three-wheelers used for passenger

transport. The firm produces about 68% percent of the three wheelers used for passenger

transport in India. The Indian passenger vehicle segment is dominated by cars which make up

about 80% of it. Maruti Suzuki manufactures about 52% of passenger cars while the firm

enjoys a complete monopoly in the manufacture of multi-purpose vehicles. In the utility

vehicles segment Mahindra makes up a 42% share.

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Tata Motors is the leader in the Indian commercial vehicles market while it holds more than

60% share. Tata Motors also enjoys the credit of being the world’s fifth largest manufacturer

of medium and heavy commercial vehicles.

Potential of Indian Automobile Industry

There is a very stiff competition in the automobile industry segment in India. This has helped

many to realize their dreams of driving the most luxurious cars. During the recent past, a

number of overseas companies have started grabbing a big chunk of the market share in both

domestic and export sales. Every new day dawns in India with some new launches by active

players in the Indian automobile arena. By introducing some low cost cars, the industry had

made it possible for common men to buy cars for their personal use. With some innovative

strategies and by adopting some alternative remedial measures, the Indian automobile

industry has successfully come unaffected out of the global financial crisis.

While the automobile industry in India is the ninth largest in the world, the country emerged

as the fourth largest automobiles exporter on the globe following Japan, South Korea and

Thailand, in the year 2009. Over and above, a number of automobile manufacturers based in

India have expanded their operations around the globe also giving way for a number of

reputed MNCs to enthusiastically invest in the Indian automobile sector.

Nissan Motors has revealed its prospective plans to export 250,000 vehicles produced in its

India plant by the year 2011. General Motors has also come up with similar plans. During the

current fiscal year, the Indian automobile industry rode high on the resurgence of consumer

demand in the country as a result of the Government’s fiscal stimulus and attractively low

interest rates. As a result the total turnover of the domestic automobile industry increased by

about 27 per cent.

A reply produced in the Lok Sabha recently has quoted data from the Society of Indian

Automobile Manufacturers and has revealed that the total turnover of the Indian automobile

Industry in April-February 2009-10 was 1,62,708.77 crore. This is a remarkable achievement

compared with the total revenue of Rs 1,28,384.53 crore reported during the same period of

last fiscal year. Specifically, the segment of commercial vehicles witnessed the biggest jump

in revenues by 31 per cent by reporting Rs 38,845.09 crore. During the same period, the

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passenger vehicle segment in the country witnessed a growth of 27 per cent over the last

fiscal year by reporting a total revenue of Rs 76,545.96 crores. These figures imply a highly

prospective road lying immediately ahead of the Indian automobile industry.

Predictions made by Ernst and Young have estimated that the Indian passenger car market

will have a growth rate of about 12 percent per annum over the next five years to reach the

production of 3.75 million units by the year 2014. The analysts have further stated that the

industry’s turnover will touch $155 billion by 2016. This achievement will succeed in

consolidating India’s position as the seventh largest automobiles manufacturer on the globe,

eventually surging forth to become the third largest by the year 2030 behind China and the

US.

The Automotive Mission Plan launched by the Indian government has envisaged that the

country will emerge as the seventh largest car maker on the globe thereby contributing more

than 10 percent to the nation’s $1.2-trillion economy. Further, industry experts believe that

the nation will soon establish its stand as an automobile hub exporting about 2.75 million

units and selling about a million units to be operated on the domestic roads.

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NEED OF THE STUDY

To start any business capital plays major role. Capital can be acquired in two ways by issuing

shares or by taking debt from financial institutions or borrowing money from financial

institutions. The owners of the company have to pay regular interest and principal amount at

the end. Stock is ownership in a company, with each share of stock representing a tiny piece

of ownership. The more shares you own, the more of the company you own. The more shares

you own, the more dividends you earn when the company makes a profit. In the financial

world, ownership is called “Equity”.

Advantages of selling stock:

A company can raise more capital than it could borrow.

A company does not have to make periodic interest payments to creditors.

A company does not have to make principal payments

Stock/shares play a major role in acquiring capital to the business in return investors are paid

dividends to the shares they own. The more shares you own the more dividends you receive.

The role of equity analysis is to provide information to the market. An efficient market relies

on information: a lack of information creates inefficiencies that result in stocks being

misrepresented (over or under valued). This is valuable because it fills information gaps so

that each individual investor does not need to analyze every stock thereby making the

markets more efficient.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objective of this project is to deeply analyze our Indian Automobile Industry for

investment purpose by monitoring the growth rate and performance on the basis of historical

data.

The main objectives of the Project study are:

Detailed analysis of Automobile industry which is gearing towards international

standards

Analyze the impact of qualitative factors on industry’s and company’s prospects

Comparative analysis of three tough competitors TATA Motors, Maruti Suzuki and

Mahindra and Mahindra through fundamental analysis.

Suggesting as to which company’s shares would be best for an investor to invest.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study is identified after and during the study is conducted. The project is

based on tools like fundamental analysis and ratio analysis.

The analysis is made by taking into consideration five companies i.e. TATA Motors,

Maruti Suzuki and Mahindra .

The scope is limited to only the fundamental analysis of the chosen stocks.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

Research is often described as an active, diligent and systematic process of inquiry aimed at

discovering, interpreting and revising facts. This intellectual investigation produces a greater

understanding of events, behavior or theories and makes practical applications through laws

and theories. The term research is also used to describe a collection of information about a

particular subject, and is usually associated with science and scientific method.

Research design or research methodology is the procedure of collecting, analyzing and

interpreting the data to diagnose the problem and react to the opportunity in such a way

where the costs can be minimized and the desired level of accuracy can be achieved to arrive

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at a particular conclusion. The methodology used in the study for the completion of the

project and the fulfillment of the project objectives.

The sample of the stocks for the purpose of collecting secondary data has been selected on

the basis of Random Sampling. The stocks are chosen in an unbiased manner and each stock

is chosen independent of the other stocks chosen. The stocks are chosen from the automobile

sector .The sample size for the number of stocks is taken as 3 for fundamental analysis of

stocks as fundamental analysis is very exhaustive and requires detailed study.

BASIC RESEARCH:

Basic research is also called as fundamental or pure research. Its primary objective is the

advancement of knowledge and the theoretical understanding of the relations among the

variables. It is exploratory and often driven by researcher’s curiosity or interest. It is

conducted without any practical end in mind. Basic research often lays down the foundation

for further applied research.

APPLIED RESEARCH:

Applied research is done to solve specific, practical questions. Its primary objective is not to

gain knowledge for its own sake. It is usually descriptive in nature. It is almost always done

on the basis of basic research. As far as equity research is concerned there are two types of

research methods that are followed:

Fundamental analysis

Technical analysis

Financial statement analysis is the biggest part of Fundamental analysis also known as

quantitative analysis, it involves looking at historical performance data to estimate the future

performance of stocks whereas Technical analysis does not care one bit about the value of the

company, it is only interested in the price movements of the company s share in the market.

This project deals with the fundamental analysis aspect of the equity research. The researcher

in this project has tried to look into the details of the financial statements of the companies,

the environment surrounding the telecom sector, the latest developments in this regard, the

management discussions on the part of every company and the government policies

concerned with the automobile sector.

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DATA COLLECTION:

Primary data for a project is the first hand information regarding the project being

studied. In this regard the primary data for this project would be getting the necessary

information from the company management by an interview, telephonic conversation

or direct mail.

Secondary data for a project would be the collection of information that has a

bearing on the outcome of the project from secondary sources like news, press

releases, internet etc. The data collected for this project was from a secondary source.

The data was complied with the help of sources like News articles, Internet,

Capitaline software. In this research, primary data could not be gathered as the

company officials could not be contacted for a one to one interview or a telephonic

interview

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This study has been conducted purely to understand Equity analysis for investors.

The study is restricted to three companies based on Fundamental analysis.

The study is limited to the companies having equities.

Detailed study of the topic was not possible due to limited size of the project.

Suggestions and conclusions are based on the limited data of five years.

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CHAPTER II - REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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Equity analysis

Investment success is pretty much a matter of careful selection and timing of stock purchases

coupled with perfect matching to an individuals risk tolerance. In order to carry out selection,

timing and matching actions an investor must conduct deep security analysis.

Investors purchase equity shares with two basic objectives;

1. To make capital profits by selling shares at higher prices.

2. To earn dividend income.

These two factors are affected by a host of factors. An investor has to carefully understand

and analyze all these factors. There are basically two approaches to study security prices and

valuation i.e. fundamental analysis and technical analysis . The value of common stock is

determined in large measure by the performance of the firm that issued the stock. If the

company is healthy and can demonstrate strength and growth, the value of the stock will

increase. When values increase then prices follow and returns on an investment will increase.

However, just to keep the savvy investor on their toes, the mix is complicated by the risk

factors involved. Fundamental analysis examines all the dimensions of risk exposure and the

probabilities of return, and merges them with broader economic analysis and greater industry

analysis to formulate the valuation of a stock.

In Equity Analysis, anticipated growth and calculations are based on considered FACTS &

not on HOPE. Equity analysis is basically a combination of two independent analysis, namely

fundamental analysis & Technical analysis. The subject of Equity analysis, i.e. the attempt

to determine future share price movement & its reliability by references to historical data is a

vast one, covering many aspect from the calculating various FINANCIAL RATIOS,

plotting of CHARTS to extremely sophisticated indicators.

A general investor can apply the principles by using the simplest of tools: pocket calculator,

pencil, ruler, chart paper & your cautious mind, watchful attention. It should be pointed out

that, this equity analysis does not discuss how to buy & sell shares, but does discuss a method

which enables the investor to arrive at buying & selling decision

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EQUITY ANALYSIS

FUNADAMENTAL ANALYSIS TECHNICAL ANALYSIS

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS COMPANY ANALYSIS

FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS

Fundamental analysis is a method of forecasting the future price movements of a financial

instrument based on economic, political, environmental and other relevant factors and

statistics that will affect the basic supply and demand of whatever underlies the financial

instrument. It is the study of economic, industry and company conditions in an effort to

determine the value of a company’s stock. Fundamental analysis typically focuses on key

statistics in company’s financial statements to determine if the stock price is correctly valued.

The term simply refers to the analysis of the economic well-being of a financial entity as

opposed to only its price movements. Fundamental analysis is the cornerstone of investing.

The basic philosophy underlying the fundamental analysis is that if an investor invests in

buying a share of a company, how much expected returns from this investment he has .The

fundamental analysis is to appraise the intrinsic value of a security. It insists that no one

should purchase or sell a share on the basis of tips and rumors. The fundamental approach

calls upon the investors to make his buy or sell decision on the basis of a detailed analysis of

the information about the company, about the industry, and the economy. It is also known as

“top-down approach”. This approach attempts to study the economic scenario, industry

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position and the company expectations and is also known as “economic-industry-company

approach (EIC approach)”

Thus the EIC approach involves three steps:

1. Economic analysis

2. Industry analysis

3. Company analysis

1. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

The level of economic activity has an impact on investment in many ways. If the economy

grows rapidly, the industry can also be expected to show rapid growth and vice versa. When

the level of economic activity is low, stock prices are low, and when the level of economic

activity is high, stock prices are high reflecting the prosperous outlook for sales and profits of

the firms. The analysis of macro economic environment is essential to understand the

behavior of the stock prices.

The commonly analyzed macro economic factors are as follows:

1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): GDP indicates the rate of growth of the economy.

It represents the aggregate value of the goods and services produced in the economy.

It consists of personal consumption expenditure, gross private domestic investment

and government expenditure on goods and services and net exports of goods and

services. The growth rate of economy points out the prospects for the industrial sector

and the return investors can expect from investment in shares. The higher growth rate

is more favorable to the stock market.

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1.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

2.INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

3.COMPANYANALYSIS

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2. Savings and investment: It is obvious that growth requires investment which in turn

requires substantial amount of domestic savings. Stock market is a channel through

which the savings are made available to the corporate bodies. Savings are distributed

over various assets like equity shares, deposits, mutual funds, real estate and bullion.

The savings and investment patterns of the public affect the stock to a great extent.

3. Inflation: Along with the growth of GDP, if the inflation rate also increases, then the

real growth would be very little. The effects of inflation on capital markets are

numerous. An increase in the expected rate of inflation is expected to cause a nominal

rise in interest rates. Also, it increases uncertainty of future business and investment

decisions. As inflation increases, it results in extra costs to businesses, thereby

squeezing their profit margins and leading to real declines in profitability.

4. Interest rates: The interest rate affects the cost of financing to the firms. A decrease

in interest rate implies lower cost of finance for firms and more profitability. More

money is available at a lower interest rate for the brokers who are doing business with

borrowed money. Availability of cheap funds encourages speculation and rise in the

price of shares.

5. Tax structure: Every year in March, the business community eagerly awaits the

Government’s announcement regarding the tax policy. Concessions and incentives

given to a certain industry encourage investment in that particular industry. Tax

relief’s given to savings encourage savings. The type of tax exemption has impact on

the profitability of the industries.

6. Infrastructure facilities: Infrastructure facilities are essential for the growth of

industrial and agricultural sector. A wide network of communication system is a must

for the growth of the economy. Regular supply of power without any power cut would

boost the production. Banking and financial sectors also should be sound enough to

provide adequate support to the industry. Good infrastructure facilities affect the stock

market favorably.

2. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS

An industry is a group of firms that have similar technological structure of production and

produce similar products and Industry analysis is a type of business research that focuses on

the status of an industry or an industrial sector (a broad industry classification, like

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"manufacturing"). Irrespective of specific economic situations, some industries might be

expected to perform better, and share prices in these industries may not decline as much as in

other industries. This identification of economic and industry specific factors influencing

share prices will help investors to identify the shares that fit individual expectations.

Industry Life Cycle: The industry life cycle theory is generally attributed to Julius

Groden sky. The life cycle of the industry is separated into four well defined stages.

I. Pioneering stage: The prospective demand for the product is promising in this stage

and the technology of the product is low. The demand for the product attracts many

producers to produce the particular product. There would be severe competition and

only fittest companies survive this stage. The producers try to develop brand name,

differentiate the product and create a product image. In this situation, it is difficult to

select companies for investment because the survival rate is unknown.

II. Rapid growth stage: This stage starts with the appearance of surviving firms from the

pioneering stage. The companies that have withstood the competition grow strongly in

market share and financial performance. The technology of the production would

have improved resulting in low cost of production and good quality products. The

companies have stable growth rate in this stage and they declare dividend to the

shareholders. It is advisable to invest in the shares of these companies.

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III. Maturity and stabilization stage: the growth rate tends to moderate and the rate of

growth would be more or less equal to the industrial growth rate or the gross domestic

product growth rate. Symptoms of obsolescence may appear in the technology. To

keep going, technological innovations in the production process and products should

be introduced. The investors have to closely monitor the events that take place in the

maturity stage of the industry.

IV. Decline stage: demand for the particular product and the earnings of the companies in

the industry decline. It is better to avoid investing in the shares of the low growth

industry even in the boom period. Investment in the shares of these types of

companies leads to erosion of capital.

Growth of the industry: The historical performance of the industry in terms of growth

and profitability should be analyzed. The past variability in return and growth in reaction to

macro economic factors provide an insight into the future.

Nature of competition: Nature of competition is an essential factor that determines the

demand for the particular product, its profitability and the price of the concerned company

scrips. The companies' ability to withstand the local as well as the multinational competition

counts much. If too many firms are present in the organized sector, the competition would be

severe. The competition would lead to a decline in the price of the product. The investor

before investing in the scrip of a company should analyze the market share of the particular

company's product and should compare it with the top five companies.

SWOT analysis: SWOT analysis represents the strength, weakness, opportunity and

threat for an industry. Every investor should carry out a SWOT analysis for the chosen

industry. Take for instance, increase in demand for the industry’s product becomes its

strength, presence of numerous players in the market, i.e. competition becomes the threat to a

particular company. The progress in R & D in that industry is an opportunity and entry of

multinationals in the industry is a threat. In this way the factors are to be arranged and

analyzed.

3. COMPANY ANALYSIS

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In the company analysis the investor assimilates the several bits of information related to the

company and evaluates the present and future values of the stock. The risk and return

associated with the purchase of the stock is analyzed to take better investment decisions. The

present and future values are affected by a number of factors.

A. Competitive edge of the company: Major industries in India are composed of

hundreds of individual companies. Though the number of companies is large, only

few companies control the major market share. The competitiveness of the company

can be studied with the help of the following.

B. Market share: The market share of the annual sales helps to determine a company’s

relative competitive position within the industry. If the market share is high, the

company would be able to meet the competition successfully. The companies in the

market should be compared with like product groups otherwise, the results will be

misleading.

C. Growth of sales: The rapid growth in sales would keep the shareholder in a better

position than one with stagnant growth rate. Investors generally prefer size and

growth in sales because the larger size companies may be able to withstand the

business cycle rather than the company of smaller size.

D. Stability of sales: If a firm has stable sales revenue, it will have more stable earnings.

The fall in the market share indicates the declining trend of company, even if the sales

are stable. Hence the stability of sales should be compared with its market share and

the competitor’s market share.

E. Earnings of the company: Sales alone do not increase the earnings but the costs and

expenses of the company also influence the earnings. Further, earnings do not always

increase with increase in sales. The company’s sales might have increased but its

earnings per share may decline due to rise in costs. Hence, the investor should not

only depend on the sales, but should analyze the earnings of the company.

Financial analysis: The best source of financial information about a company is its own

financial statements. This is a primary source of information for evaluating the investment

prospects in the particular company’s stock. Financial statement analysis is the study of a

company’s financial statement from various viewpoints. The statement gives the historical

and current information about the company’s operations. Historical financial statement helps

to predict the future and the current information aids to analyze the present status of the

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company. The two main statements used in the analysis are Balance sheet and Profit and Loss

Account.

The balance sheet is one of the financial statements that companies prepare every year for

their shareholders. It is like a financial snapshot, the company's financial situation at a

moment in time. It is prepared at the year end, listing the company's current assets and

liabilities. It helps to study the capital structure of the company. It is better for the investor to

avoid a company with excessive debt component in its capital structure. From the balance

sheet, liquidity position of the company can also be assessed with the information on current

assets and current liabilities.

Ratio analysis: Ratio is a relationship between two figures expressed mathematically.

Financial ratios provide numerical relationship between two relevant financial data. Financial

ratios are calculated from the balance sheet and profit and loss account. The relationship can

be either expressed as a percent or as a quotient. Ratios summarize the data for easy

understanding, comparison and interpretations.

Ratios for investment purposes can be classified into profitability ratios, turnover ratios, and

leverage ratios. Profitability ratios are the most popular ratios since investors prefer to

measure the present profit performance and use this information to forecast the future

strength of the company. The most often used profitability ratios are return on assets, price

earnings multiplier, price to book value, price to cash flow, and price to sales, dividend yield,

return on equity, present value of cash flows, and profit margins.

a) Return on Assets (ROA)

ROA is computed as the product of the net profit margin and the total asset turnover ratios.

ROA = (Net Profit/Total income) x (Total income/Total Assets)

This ratio indicates the firm's strategic success. Companies can have one of two strategies:

cost leadership, or product differentiation. ROA should be rising or keeping pace with the

company's competitors if the company is successfully pursuing either of these strategies, but

how ROA rises will depend on the company's strategy. ROA should rise with a successful

cost leadership strategy because the company’s increasing operating efficiency. An example

is an increasing, total asset, turnover ratio as the company expands into new markets,

increasing its market share. The company may achieve leadership by using its assets more

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efficiently. With a successful product differentiation strategy, ROA will rise because of a

rising profit margin.

b) Return on Investment (ROI)

ROI is the return on capital invested in business, i.e., if an investment Rs 1 crore in men,

machines, land and material is made to generate Rs. 25 lakhs of net profit, then the ROI is

25%. The computation of return on investment is as follows:

Return on Investment (ROI) = (Net profit/Equity investments) x 100

As this ratio reveals how well the resources of a firm are being used, higher the ratio, better

are the results. The return on shareholder’s investment should be compared with the return of

other similar firms in the same industry. The inert-firm comparison of this ratio determines

whether the investments in the firm are attractive or not as the investors would like to invest

only where the return is higher.

c) Return on Equity

Return on equity measures how much an equity shareholder's investment is actually earning.

The return on equity tells the investor how much the invested rupee is earning from the

company. The higher the number, the better is the performance of the company and suggests

the usefulness of the projects the company has invested in. The computation of return on

equity is as follows:

Return on equity = (Net profit to owners/value of the specific owner's

Contribution to the business) x 100

The ratio is more meaningful to the equity shareholders who are invested to know profits

earned by the company and those profits which can be made available to pay dividend to

them.

d) Earnings per Share (EPS)

This ratio determines what the company is earning for every share. For many investors,

earnings are the most important tool. EPS is calculated by dividing the earnings (net profit)

by the total number of equity shares. The computation of EPS is as follows:

Earnings per share = Net profit/Number of shares outstanding

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The EPS is a good measure of profitability and when compared with EPS of similar other

companies, it gives a view of the comparative earnings or earnings power of a firm. EPS

calculated for a number of years indicates whether or not earning power of the company has

increased.

e) Dividend per Share (DPS)

The extent of payment of dividend to the shareholders is measured in the form of dividend

per share. The dividend per share gives the amount of cash flow from the company to the

owners and is calculated as follows:

Dividend per share = Total dividend payment / Number of shares outstanding

The payment of dividend can have several interpretations to the shareholder. The distribution

of dividend could be thought of as the distribution of excess profits/abnormal profits by the

company. On the other hand, it could also be negatively interpreted as lack of investment

opportunities. In all, dividend payout gives the extent of inflows to the shareholders from the

company.

f) Dividend Payout Ratio

From the profits of each company a cash flow called dividend is distributed among its

shareholders. This is the continuous stream of cash flow to the owners of shares, apart from

the price differentials (capital gains) in the market. The return to the shareholders, in the form

of dividend, out of the company's profit is measured through the payout ratio. The payout

ratio is computed as follows:

Payout Ratio = (Dividend per share / Earnings per share) * 100

The percentage of payout ratio can also be used to compute the percentage of retained

earnings. The profits available for distribution are either paid as dividends or retained

internally for business growth opportunities. Hence, when dividends are not declared, the

entire profit is ploughed back into the business for its future investments.

g) Dividend Yield

Dividend yield is computed by relating the dividend per share to the market price of the

share. The market place provides opportunities for the investor to buy the company's share at

any point of time. The price at which the share has been bought from the market is the actual

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cost of the investment to the shareholder. The market price is to be taken as the cum-dividend

price. Dividend yield relates the actual cost to the cash flows received from the company. The

computation of dividend yield is as follows

Dividend yield = (Dividend per share / Market price per share) * 100

High dividend yield ratios are usually interpreted as undervalued companies in the market.

The market price is a measure of future discounted values, while the dividend per share is the

present return from the investment. Hence, a high dividend yield implies that the share has

been under priced in the market. On the other hand a low dividend yield need not be

interpreted as overvaluation of shares. A company that does not pay out dividends will not

have a dividend yield and the real measure of the market price will be in terms of earnings

per share and not through the dividend payments.

h) Price/Earnings Ratio (P/E)

The P/E multiplier or the price earnings ratio relates the current market price of the share to

the earnings per share. This is computed as follows:

Price/earnings ratio = Current market price / Earnings per share

This ratio is calculated to make an estimate of appreciation in the value of a share of a

company and is widely used by investors to decide whether or not to buy shares in a

particular company. Many investors prefer to buy the company's shares at a low P/E ratio

since the general interpretation is that the market is undervaluing the share and there will be a

correction in the market price sooner or later. A very high P/E ratio on the other hand implies

that the company's shares are overvalued and the investor can benefit by selling the shares at

this high market price.

i) Debt-to-Equity Ratio

Debt-Equity ratio is used to measure the claims of outsiders and the owners against the firm’s

assets.

Debt-to-equity ratio = Outsiders Funds / Shareholders Funds

The debt-equity ratio is calculated to measure the extent to which debt financing has been

used in a business. It indicates the proportionate claims of owners and the outsiders against

the firm’s assets. The purpose is to get an idea of the cushion available to outsiders on the

liquidation of the firm.

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Technical analysis:

Technical analysis refers to the study of market generated data like prices and volume to

determine the future direction of prices movements. Technical analysis mainly seeks to

predict the short-term price travels. It is important criteria for selecting the company to invest.

It also provides the base for decision-making in investment. It is one of the most frequently

used yardstick to check and analyze underlying price progress. For that matter a variety of

tools are used.

The Technical analysis is helpful to general investor in many ways. It provides important &

vital information regarding the current price position of the company. Technical analysis

involves the use of various methods for charting, calculating and interpreting graph & chart

to assess the performances & status of the price. It is the tool of financial analysis, which not

only studies but also reflecting the numerical & graphical relationship between the important

financial factors. The focus of technical analysis is mainly on the internal market data, i.e.

prices & volume data. It appeals mainly to short term traders. It is the oldest approach to

equity investment dating back to the late 19th century.

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CHAPTER III - INDUSTRY PROFILE

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FINANCIAL MARKETS

Finance is the pre-requisite for modern business and financial institutions play a vital role in

the economic system. It is through financial markets and institutions that the financial system

of an economy works. Financial markets refer to the institutional arrangements for dealing in

financial assets and credit instruments of different types such as currency, cheques, bank

deposits, bills, bonds, equities, etc. Financial market is a broad term describing any

marketplace where buyers and sellers participate in the trade of assets such as equities, bonds,

currencies and derivatives.

They are typically defined by having transparent pricing, basic regulations on trading, costs

and fees and market forces determining the prices of securities that trade. Generally, there is

no specific place or location to indicate a financial market. Wherever a financial transaction

takes place, it is deemed to have taken place in the financial market. Hence financial markets

are pervasive in nature since financial transactions are themselves very pervasive throughout

the economic system. For instance, issue of equity shares, granting of loan by term lending

institutions, deposit of money into a bank, purchase of debentures, sale of shares and so on. In

a nutshell, financial markets are the credit markets catering to the various needs of the

individuals, firms and institutions by facilitating buying and selling of financial assets, claims

and services.

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CLASSIFICATION OF FINANCIAL MARKETS

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Financial markets

Organized markets Unorganized markets

Capital Markets Money MarketsMoney Lenders,

Indigenuos Bankers

Call Money Market

Commercial Bill

Market

Treasury Bill Market

Industrial Securities

Market

Primary Market

Secondary market

Government

Securities MarketLong-term loan

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Capital Market

The capital market is a market for financial assets which have a long or indefinite maturity.

Generally, it deals with long term securities which have a period of above one year. In the

widest sense, it consists of a series of channels through which the savings of the community

are made available for industrial and commercial enterprises and public authorities. As a

whole, capital market facilitates raising of capital. The major functions performed by a

capital market are:

1. Mobilization of financial resources on a nation-wide scale.

2. Securing the foreign capital and know-how to fill up deficit in the required resources for

economic growth at a faster rate.

3. Effective allocation of the mobilized financial resources, by directing the same to projects

yielding highest yield or to the projects needed to promote balanced economic development.

Capital market consists of primary market and secondary market.

1. Primary market: Primary market is a market for new issues or new financial

claims. Hence it is also called as New Issue Market. It basically deals with those

securities which are issued to the public for the first time. The market, therefore,

makes available a new block of securities for public subscription. In other words, it

deals with raising of fresh capital by companies either for cash or for consideration

other than cash. The best example could be Initial Public Offering (IPO) where a firm

offers shares to the public for the first time.

2. Secondary market: Secondary market is a market where existing securities are traded.

In other words, securities which have already passed through new issue market are

traded in this market. Generally, such securities are quoted in the stock exchange and

it provides a continuous and regular market for buying and selling of securities. This

market consists of all stock exchanges recognized by the government of India.

Money Market

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Money markets are the markets for short-term, highly liquid debt securities. Money market

securities are generally very safe investments which return relatively low interest rate that is

most appropriate for temporary cash storage or short term time needs. It consists of a number

of sub-markets which collectively constitute the money market namely call money market,

commercial bills market, acceptance market, and Treasury bill market.

Derivatives Market

The derivatives market is the financial market for derivatives, financial instruments like

futures contracts or options, which are derived from other forms of assets. A derivative is a

security whose price is dependent upon or derived from one or more underlying assets. The

derivative itself is merely a contract between two or more parties. Its value is determined by

fluctuations in the underlying asset. The most common underlying assets include stocks,

bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates and market indexes. The important financial

derivatives are the following:

Forwards: Forwards are the oldest of all the derivatives. A forward contract refers to an

agreement between two parties to exchange an agreed quantity of an asset for cash at a

certain date in future at a predetermined price specified in that agreement. The promised asset

may be currency, commodity, instrument etc.

Futures: Future contract is very similar to a forward contract in all respects excepting the

fact that it is completely a standardized one. It is nothing but a standardized forward contract

which is legally enforceable and always traded on an organized exchange.

Options: A financial derivative that represents a contract sold by one party (option writer)

to another party (option holder). The contract offers the buyer the right, but not the

obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) a security or other financial asset at an agreed-upon price

(the strike price) during a certain period of time or on a specific date (exercise date). Call

options give the option to buy at certain price, so the buyer would want the stock to go up.

Put options give the option to sell at a certain price, so the buyer would want the stock to go

down.

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Swaps: It is yet another exciting trading instrument. Infact, it is the combination of forwards

by two counterparties. It is arranged to reap the benefits arising from the fluctuations in the

market – either currency market or interest rate market or any other market for that matter.

Foreign Exchange Market

It is a market in which participants are able to buy, sell, exchange and speculate on

currencies. Foreign exchange markets are made up of banks, commercial companies, central

banks, investment management firms, hedge funds, and retail forex brokers and investors.

The forex market is considered to be the largest financial market in the world. It is a

worldwide decentralized over-the-counter financial market for the trading of currencies.

Because the currency markets are large and liquid, they are believed to be the most efficient

financial markets. It is important to realize that the foreign exchange market is not a single

exchange, but is constructed of a global network of computers that connects participants from

all parts of the world.

Commodities Market

It is a physical or virtual marketplace for buying, selling and trading raw or primary products.

For investors' purposes there are currently about 50 major commodity markets worldwide

that facilitate investment trade in nearly 100 primary commodities. Commodities are split

into two types: hard and soft commodities. Hard commodities are typically natural resources

that must be mined or extracted (gold, rubber, oil, etc.), whereas soft commodities are

agricultural products or livestock (corn, wheat, coffee, sugar, soybeans, pork, etc.)

INDIAN FINANCIAL MARKETS

India Financial market is one of the oldest in the world and is considered to be the fastest

growing and best among all the markets of the emerging economies. The history of Indian

capital markets dates back 200 years toward the end of the 18th century when India was

under the rule of the East India Company. The development of the capital market in India

concentrated around Mumbai where no less than 200 to 250 securities brokers were active

during the second half of the 19th century.

The financial market in India today is more developed than many other sectors because it was

organized long before with the securities exchanges of Mumbai, Ahmadabad and Kolkata

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were established as early as the 19th century. By the early 1960s the total number of

securities exchanges in India rose to eight, including Mumbai, Ahmadabad and Kolkata apart

from Madras, Kanpur, Delhi, Bangalore and Pune. Today there are 21 regional securities

exchanges in India in addition to the centralized NSE (National Stock Exchange) and OTCEI

(Over the Counter Exchange of India). However the stock markets in India remained

stagnant due to stringent controls on the market economy that allowed only a handful of

monopolies to dominate their respective sectors. The corporate sector wasn't allowed into

many industry segments, which were dominated by the state controlled public sector resulting

in stagnation of the economy right up to the early 1990s. Thereafter when the Indian

economy began liberalizing and the controls began to be dismantled or eased out; the

securities markets witnessed a flurry of IPO’s that were launched. This resulted in many new

companies across different industry segments to come up with newer products and services.

A remarkable feature of the growth of the Indian economy in recent years has been the role

played by its securities markets in assisting and fuelling that growth with money rose within

the economy. This was in marked contrast to the initial phase of growth in many of the fast

growing economies of East Asia that witnessed huge doses of FDI (Foreign Direct

Investment) spurring growth in their initial days of market decontrol.

During this phase in India much of the organized sector has been affected by high growth as

the financial markets played an all-inclusive role in sustaining financial resource

mobilization. Many PSUs (Public Sector Undertakings) that decided to offload part of their

equity were also helped by the well-organized securities market in India.

The launch of the NSE (National Stock Exchange) and the OTCEI (Over the Counter

Exchange of India) during the mid 1990s by the government of India was meant to usher in

an easier and more transparent form of trading in securities. The NSE was conceived as the

market for trading in the securities of companies from the large-scale sector and the OTCEI

for those from the small-scale sector. While the NSE has not just done well to grow and

evolve into the virtual backbone of capital markets in India the OTCEI struggled and is yet to

show any sign of growth and development. The integration of IT into the capital market

infrastructure has been particularly smooth in India due to the country’s world class IT

industry. This has pushed up the operational efficiency of the Indian stock market to global

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standards and as a result the country has been able to capitalize on its high growth and attract

foreign capital like never before.

The regulating authority for capital markets in India is the SEBI (Securities and Exchange

Board of India). SEBI came into prominence in the 1990s after the capital markets

experienced some turbulence. It had to take drastic measures to plug many loopholes that

were exploited by certain market forces to advance their vested interests. After this initial

phase of struggle SEBI has grown in strength as the regulator of India’s capital markets and

as one of the country’s most important institutions.

FINANCIAL MARKET REGULATIONS

Regulations are an absolute necessity in the face of the growing importance of capital

markets throughout the world. The development of a market economy is dependent on the

development of the capital market. The regulation of a capital market involves the regulation

of securities; these rules enable the capital market to function more efficiently and

impartially.

A well regulated market has the potential to encourage additional investors to partake, and

contribute in, furthering the development of the economy. The chief capital market regulatory

authority is Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

SEBI is the regulator for the securities market in India. It is the apex body to develop and

regulate the stock market in India It was formed officially by the Government of India in

1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being passed by the Indian Parliament. Chaired by C B Bhave,

SEBI is headquartered in the popular business district of Bandra-Kurla complex in Mumbai,

and has Northern, Eastern, Southern and Western regional offices in New Delhi, Kolkata,

Chennai and Ahmedabad. In place of Government Control, a statutory and autonomous

regulatory board with defined responsibilities, to cover both development & regulation of the

market, and independent powers has been set up.

The basic objectives of the Board were identified as:

to protect the interests of investors in securities;

to promote the development of Securities Market;

to regulate the securities market and

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For matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Since its inception SEBI has been working targeting the securities and is attending to the

fulfillment of its objectives with commendable zeal and dexterity. The improvements in the

securities markets like capitalization requirements, margining, establishment of clearing

corporations etc. reduced the risk of credit and also reduced the market.

SEBI has introduced the comprehensive regulatory measures, prescribed registration norms,

the eligibility criteria, the code of obligations and the code of conduct for different

intermediaries like, bankers to issue, merchant bankers, brokers and subbrokers, registrars,

portfolio managers, credit rating agencies, underwriters and others. It has framed bye-laws,

risk identification and risk management systems for Clearing houses of stock exchanges,

surveillance system etc. which has made dealing in securities both safe and transparent to the

end investor.

Another significant event is the approval of trading in stock indices (like S&P CNX Nifty &

Sensex) in 2000. A market Index is a convenient and effective product because of the

following reasons:

It acts as a barometer for market behavior;

It is used to benchmark portfolio performance;

It is used in derivative instruments like index futures and index options;

It can be used for passive fund management as in case of Index Funds.

Two broad approaches of SEBI is to integrate the securities market at the national level, and

also to diversify the trading products, so that there is an increase in number of traders

including banks, financial institutions, insurance companies, mutual funds, primary dealers

etc. to transact through the Exchanges. In this context the introduction of derivatives trading

through Indian Stock Exchanges permitted by SEBI in 2000 AD is a real landmark.

SEBI has enjoyed success as a regulator by pushing systemic reforms aggressively and

successively (e.g. the quick movement towards making the markets electronic and paperless

rolling settlement on T+2 bases). SEBI has been active in setting up the regulations as

required under law.

STOCK EXCHANGES IN INDIA

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Stock Exchanges are an organized marketplace, either corporation or mutual organization,

where members of the organization gather to trade company stocks or other securities. The

members may act either as agents for their customers, or as principals for their own accounts.

As per the Securities Contracts Regulation Act, 1956 a stock exchange is an association,

organization or body of individuals whether incorporated or not, established for the purpose

of assisting, regulating and controlling business in buying, selling and dealing in securities.

Stock exchanges facilitate for the issue and redemption of securities and other financial

instruments including the payment of income and dividends. The record keeping is central

but trade is linked to such physical place because modern markets are computerized. The

trade on an exchange is only by members and stock broker do have a seat on the exchange.

List of Stock Exchanges in India

Bombay Stock Exchange

National Stock Exchange

OTC Exchange of India

BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE

A very common name for all traders in the stock market, BSE, stands for Bombay Stock

Exchange. It is the oldest market not only in the country, but also in Asia. In the early days,

BSE was known as "The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association." It was established in

the year 1875 and became the first stock exchange in the country to be recognized by the

government. In 1956, BSE obtained a permanent recognition from the Government of India

under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. In the past and even now, it plays a

pivotal role in the development of the country's capital market. This is recognized worldwide

and its index, SENSEX, is also tracked worldwide. Earlier it was an Association of Persons

(AOP), but now it is a demutualised and corporatised entity incorporated under the provisions

of the Companies Act, 1956, pursuant to the BSE (Corporatisation and Demutualization)

Scheme, 2005 notified by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

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BSE Vision

The vision of the Bombay Stock Exchange is to "Emerge as the premier Indian stock

exchange by establishing global benchmarks."

BSE Management

Bombay Stock Exchange is managed professionally by Board of Directors. It comprises of

eminent professionals, representatives of Trading Members and the Managing Director. The

Board is an inclusive one and is shaped to benefit from the market intermediaries

participation. The Board exercises complete control and formulates larger policy issues. The

dayto- day operations of BSE are managed by the Managing Director and its school of

professional as a management team.

BSE Network

The Exchange reaches physically to 417 cities and towns in the country. The framework of it

has been designed to safeguard market integrity and to operate with transparency. It provides

an efficient market for the trading in equity, debt instruments and derivatives. Its online

trading system, popularly known as BOLT, is a proprietary system and it is BS 7799-2-2002

certified. The BOLT network was expanded, nationwide, in 1997. The surveillance and

clearing & settlement functions of the Exchange are ISO 9001:2000 certified.

BSE Facts

BSE as a brand is synonymous with capital markets in India. The BSE SENSEX is the

benchmark equity index that reflects the robustness of the economy and finance. It was the –

First in India to introduce Equity Derivatives

First in India to launch a Free Float Index

First in India to launch US$ version of BSE Sensex

First in India to launch Exchange Enabled Internet Trading Platform

First in India to obtain ISO certification for Surveillance, Clearing & Settlement

'BSE On-Line Trading System’ (BOLT) has been awarded the globally recognized the

Information Security Management System standard BS7799-2:2002.

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First to have an exclusive facility for financial training

Moved from Open Outcry to Electronic Trading within just 50 days

BSE with its long history of capital market development is fully geared to continue its

contributions to further the growth of the securities markets of the country, thus helping

India increases its sphere of influence in international financial markets.

NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE OF INDIA LIMITED

The National Stock Exchange of India Limited has genesis in the report of the High Powered

Study Group on Establishment of New Stock Exchanges, which recommended promotion of

a National Stock Exchange by financial institutions (FI’s) to provide access to investors from

all across the country on an equal footing. Based on the recommendations, NSE was

promoted by leading Financial Institutions at the behest of the Government of India and was

incorporated in November 1992 as a taxpaying company unlike other stock Exchange in the

country.

On its recognition as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956

in April 1993, NSE commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment

in June 1994. The Capital Market (Equities) segment commenced operations in November

1994 and operations in Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000.

NSE GROUP

National Securities Clearing Corporation Ltd. (NSCCL)

It is a wholly owned subsidiary, which was incorporated in August 1995 and commenced

clearing operations in April 1996. It was formed to build confidence in clearing and

settlement of securities, to promote and maintain the short and consistent settlement cycles, to

provide a counter-party risk guarantee and to operate a tight risk containment system.

NSE.IT Ltd.

It is also a wholly owned subsidiary of NSE and is its IT arm. This arm of the NSE is

uniquely positioned to provide products, services and solutions for the securities industry.

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NSE.IT primarily focuses on in the area of trading, broker front-end and back-office, clearing

and settlement, web-based, insurance, etc. Along with this, it also provides consultancy and

implementation services in Data Warehousing, Business Continuity Plans, Site Maintenance

and Backups, Stratus Mainframe Facility Management, Real Time Market Analysis &

Financial News.

India Index Services & Products Ltd. (IISL)

It is a joint venture between NSE and CRISIL Ltd. to provide a variety of indices and index

related services and products for the Indian Capital markets. It was set up in May 1998. IISL

has a consulting and licensing agreement with the Standard and Poor's (S&P), world's leading

provider of investible equity indices, for co-branding equity indices.

National Securities Depository Ltd. (NSDL)

NSE joined hands with IDBI and UTI to promote dematerialization of securities. This step

was taken to solve problems related to trading in physical securities. It commenced

operations in November 1996.

NSE Facts

It uses satellite communication technology to energize participation from

around 400 cities in India.

NSE can handle up to 1 million trades per day.

It is one of the largest interactive VSAT based stock exchanges in the world.

The NSE- network is the largest private wide area network in India and the

first extended C- Band VSAT network in the world.

Presently more than 9000 users are trading on the real time-online NSE

application.

Today, NSE is one of the largest exchanges in the world and still forging ahead. At NSE, we

are constantly working towards creating a more transparent, vibrant and innovative capital

market.

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OVER THE COUNTER EXCHANGE OF INDIA

OTCEI was incorporated in 1990 as a section 25 company under the companies Act 1956 and

is recognized as a stock exchange under section 4 of the securities Contracts Regulation Act,

1956. The exchange was set up to aid enterprising promotes in raising finance for new

projects in a cost effective manner and to provide investors with a transparent and efficient

mode of trading Modeled along the lines of the NASDAQ market of USA, OTCEI introduced

many novel concepts to the Indian capital markets such as screen-based nationwide trading,

sponsorship of companies, market making and scrip less trading. As a measure of success of

these efforts, the Exchange today has 115 listings and has assisted in providing capital for

enterprises that have gone on to build successful brands for themselves like VIP Advanta,

Sonora Tiles & Brilliant mineral water, etc.

Need for OTCEI:

Studies by NASSCOM, software technology parks of India, the venture capitals funds and

the government’s IT tasks Force, as well as rising interest in IT, Pharmaceutical,

Biotechnology and Media shares have repeatedly emphasized the need for a national stock

market for innovation and high growth companies. Innovative companies are critical to

developing economics like India, which is undergoing a major technological revolution. With

their abilities to generate employment opportunities and contribute to the economy, it is

essential that these companies not only expand existing operations but also set up new units.

The key issue for these companies is raising timely, cost effective and long term capital to

sustain their operations and enhance growth. Such companies, particularly those that have

been in operation for a short time, are unable to raise funds through the traditional financing

methods, because they have not yet been evaluated by the financial world.

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CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATIONS

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ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

Over a period of more than two decades the Indian Automobile industry has been driving its

own growth through phases. With comparatively higher rate of economic growth rate index

against that of great global powers, India has become a hub of domestic and exports business.

The automobile sector has been contributing its share to the shining economic performance of

India in the recent years. To understand this industry for the purpose of investment we need

to analyze it by the following approach:

Fundamental Analysis (E.I.C Approach)

a. Economy analysis

b. Industry analysis

c. Company analysis

Fundamental Analysis

Fundamental analysis is the study of economic, industry and company conditions in an effort

to determine the value of a company s stock. Fundamental analysis typically focuses on key

statistics in company s financial statements to determine if the stock price is correctly valued.

Most fundamental information focuses on economic, industry and company statistics. The

typical approach to analyzing a company involves three basic steps:

1. Determine the condition of the general economy.

2. Determine the condition of the industry.

3. Determine the condition of the company.

1. ECONOMY ANALYSIS

Economic analysis is the analysis of forces operating the overall economy a country.

Economic analysis is a process whereby strengths and weaknesses of an economy are

analyzed. Economic analysis is important in order to understand exact condition of an

economy.

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GDP and Automobile Industry

In absolute terms, India is 16th in the world in terms of nominal factory output. The service

sector is growing rapidly in the past few years. This is the pie- chart showing contributions of

different sectors in Indian economy.

Today, automobile sector in India is one of the key sectors of the economy in terms of the

employment. Directly and indirectly it employs more than 10 million people and if we add

the number of people employed in the auto-component and auto ancillary industry then the

number goes even higher. As the world economy slipped into recession hitting the demand

hard and the banking sector takes conservative approach towards lending to corporate sector.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in India expanded 6.9 percent in the third quarter of

2011 over the previous quarter. Historically, from 2000 until 2011, India's average quarterly

GDP Growth was 7.45 percent reaching an historical high of 11.80 percent in December of

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2003 and a record low of 1.60 percent in December of 2002. India's diverse economy

encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of

modern industries, and a multitude of services. Services are the major source of economic

growth, accounting for more than half of India's output with less than one third of its labor

force. The economy has posted an average growth rate of more than 7% in the decade since

1997, reducing poverty by about 10 percentage points.

The market value of Automobile Industry is more than US$8 bl. and Contribution in Indian

GDP is near about 5% and will be double by 2016. The automotive industry in India grew at

a computed annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.5 percent over the past five years, but growth

rate in last FY2008-09 was only 0.7% with passenger car sales shows 1.31% growth while

Commercial Vehicles segment slumped 21.7%.

Recession

Auto industry in India had been hit hard by ongoing global financial recession. But it is in a

good shape now. Much of this optimism resulted from renewed interest being shown in India

auto industry by reputed overseas car makers. Nissan Motors which is a well known Japanese

car making company regarded India automobile market as a global car manufacturing hub for

future and invested huge amount in our market.

There are some other automobile companies of world who have shown interest in India auto

market. Major names among these are General Motors, Skoda Auto and Mercedes-Benz.

These companies have major plans lined up for India auto industry. These are few signs of

the revolutionized auto industry after recession. All the major auto companies enjoyed the

high growth ride till the mid 2008. But at the end of the year, industry had to face the hard

truth and witnessed the fall in sales compared to last year. In December 2008, overall

production fell by 22 % over the same month last year. Global recession has hit the Indian

auto industry, India is strong and growing industry but the impact of recession is evident now

on industry as sales & growth of automobile companies have declined. Passenger Vehicles

segment registered negative growth.

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One of its supporting facts is that the sales in December 2008 for passenger vehicles fell by

13.86% over December 2007 Two Wheelers registered minor growth of 1.85 % during April

– December 2008. However, Two Wheelers sales recorded 15.43 percent fall in December

2008 over the same month last year. Although the sector was hit by economic slowdown,

overall production (passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, two wheelers and three

wheelers) increased from 10.85 million vehicles in 2007-08 to 11.17 million vehicles in

2008-09. Passenger vehicles increased marginally from 1.77 million to 1.83 million while

two-wheelers increased from 8.02 million to 8.41 million. Total number of vehicles sold

including passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, two-wheelers and three-wheelers in 2008-

09 was 9.72 million as compared to 9.65 million in 2007-08.

Inflation

The rise in inflation will have adverse impact on the industry that will not only see interest

rates getting further hardened but also a drop in demand due to the squeeze in purchasing

power. The effect of inflation has affected every sector which is related to car manufacturing

and production. The increase in the price of fuel and the steel due to inflation has led to a

slower growth rate of the car industry in India.

Despite of negative inflation these days (-.21% on 22-Aug-09) we saw an increasing trend of

sales in auto sector. A moderate amount of inflation is important for the proper growth of an

economy like India because it attracts more private investment. The fall in wholesale prices

from a year earlier is mainly due to a statistical base effect and doesn’t suggest contraction in

demand, the Reserve Bank of India said few week back, while revising its inflation forecast

for the FY through March to around 5% from 4%.

In last FY despite of skyrocketing oil prices (crude oil price has already up to $130 compared

to $20 per barrel five years back), Indian automobile Industry was not as much affected and

experts think that Indian automobile industry will continue to grow this year despite all

obstacles- oil price hike, higher interest rates. The effect of inflation has taken the rise in the

price rate of the cars by 3-4% which in turn suffices the need to meet the rise in price of the

raw materials to build a car. The car market and the car industry witnessed a fall of 8-9%.

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Foreign Direct Investment

The automobile sector in the Indian industry is one of the high performing sectors of the

Indian economy. This has contributed largely in making India a prime destination for many

international players in the automobile industry who wish to set up their businesses in India.

Automatic approval for foreign equity investment up to 100 per cent of manufacture of

automobiles and component is permitted.

Exports

Despite recession, the Indian automobile market continues to perform better than most of the

other industries in the economy in coming future; more and more MNC’s coming in India to

setup their ventures which clearly shows the scope of expansion. During April-January 2010,

overall automobile exports registered a growth rate of 13.24 percent.

2. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (AUTOMOBILE)

The automobile industry in India is the ninth largest in the world with an annual production

of over 2.3 million units in 2008. In 2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of

automobiles, behind Japan, South Korea and Thailand. The Automobile Industry is one of the

fastest growing sectors in India. The increase in the demand for cars, and other vehicles,

powered by the increase in the income is the primary growth driver of the automobile

industry in India. In 2009, estimated rate of growth of India Auto industry is going to be

9% .The Indian automobile sector is far from being saturated, leaving ample opportunity for

volume growth.

Segmentation of Automobile Industry

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The automobile industry comprises of Heavy vehicles (trucks, buses, tempos, tractors);

passenger cars; Two-wheelers; Commercial Vehicles; and Three-wheelers. Following is the

segmentation that how much each sector comprises of whole Indian Automobile Industry.

Industry life cycle

The industrial life cycle is a term used for classifying industry life over time. Industry life

cycle classification generally groups industries into one of four stages: pioneer, growth,

maturity and decline. In the pioneer phase, the product has not been widely accepted or

adopted. Business strategies are developing, and there is high risk of failure. However,

successful companies can grow at extraordinary rates. The Indian automobile sector has

passed this stage quite successfully. The industry is growing rapidly, often at an accelerating

rate of sales and earnings growth. Indian Automotive Industry is booming with a growth rate

of around 15 % annually. The growth rate of the automobile industry in India is greater than

the GDP growth rate of the economy, so the automobile sector can be very well be said to be

in the growth phase.

Swot analysis:

A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning

process. Environmental factors internal to the firm usually can be classified as strengths (S)

or weaknesses (W), and those external to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or

threats (T). Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis.

SWOT analysis of the Indian automobile sector gives the following points:

1. Strengths

Large domestic market

Sustainable labor cost advantage

Competitive auto component vendor

base

Government incentives for

manufacturing plants

Strong engineering skills in design etc

2. Weaknesses

Low labor productivity

High interest costs and high overheads

make the production uncompetitive

Various forms of taxes push up the cost

of production

Low investment in Research and

Development

Infrastructure bottleneck

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3. Opportunities

Increasing challenges in

consumer demands, technology

development, and globalization.

Heavy thrust on mining and

construction activity

Increase in the income level

Cut in excise duties

4. Threats

Ignorance of Research & development

Rising interest rates

Cut throat competition

3. COMPANY ANALYSIS

The company analysis shows the long-term strenght of the company that what is the financial

position of the company in the market, where it stands among its competitors and who are the

key drivers of the company, what are the future plans of the company, what are the policies

of government towards the company and how the stake of the company divested among

different groups of people.

Here, I have taken three companies namely TATA Motors, Maruti Suzuki and Mahindra and

Mahindra for the purpose of fundamental analysis.

Tata Motors Limited is India's largest automobile company, with consolidated revenues of

Rs. 92,519 crores (USD 20 billion) in 2009-10. It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each

segment, and among the top three in passenger vehicles with winning products in the

compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. The company is the world's fourth largest

truck manufacturer, and the world's second largest bus manufacturer.

Tata Motors Limited is India’s largest automobile company, reported gross revenue (stand-

alone) of Rs.28599.27 crores (2007-08: Rs.33093.93 crores) in 2008-09, a year marked by

severe demand contraction in the automobile industry. Revenues (net of excise) for the year

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were Rs. 25660.79 crores compared to Rs.28739.41 crores in 2007-08, a decline of 10.7%.

The Profit before Tax was Rs.1013.76 crores compared to Rs.2576.47 crores in 2007-08, a

decline of 60.7%. The Profit after Tax for the year was Rs.1001.26 crores compared to

Rs.2028.92 crores, a decline of 50.7%. It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each

segment, and among the top three in passenger vehicles with winning products in the

compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. The company is the world’s fourth largest

truck manufacturer, and the world’s second largest bus manufacturer.

Maruti Suzuki is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation Japan. More than half the

numbers of cars sold in India wear Maruti Suzuki badge. They offer a full range of cars –

from entry level Maruti 800 & Alto to stylish hatchback Ritz, A star, Swift, Wagon R, Estillo

and sedans Dzire, SX4 and Sports Utility Vehicle Grand Vitara. Since inception, it has

produced and sold over 7.5 million vehicles in India and exported over 500,000 units to

Europe and other countries. Its turnover for the fiscal 2008-09 stood at Rs. 203,583 Million &

Profit after Tax at Rs. 12,187 Million.

Maruti Suzuki is one of India's leading automobile manufacturers and the market leader in

the car segment, both in terms of volume of vehicles sold and revenue earned. Until recently,

18.28% of the company was owned by the Indian government, and 54.2% by Suzuki of

Japan. As of May 10, 2007, Govt. of India sold its complete share to Indian financial

institutions. With this, Govt. of India no longer has stake in Maruti Udyog. Maruti Suzuki

India Ltd. has sold a total of 84,808 vehicles in August 2009, an increase of 41.6%, compared

to 59,908 vehicles in the same period of 2008. The company's domestic sales in August 2009

increased 29.3% to 69,961 vehicles, compared to 54,113 vehicles in August 2008. Total

passenger car sales in August 2009 increased 30.5% to 69,629 units, compared to 53,351

units in August 2008 The company's exports increased 156.2% to 14,847 units, compared to

5,795 units in August 2008.

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The Mahindra Group’s Automotive Sector is in the business of manufacturing and marketing

utility vehicles and light commercial vehicles, including three-wheelers. It is the market

leader in utility vehicles in India since inception, and currently accounts for about half of

India’s market for utility vehicles. The Automotive Sector continues to be a leader in the

utility vehicle segment with a diverse portfolio that includes mass transport as well as new

generation vehicles like Scorpio, Bolero and the recently launched Xylo.

The Company operates in nine segments: automotive segment comprises of sales of

automobiles, spare parts and related services; farm equipment segment comprises of sales of

tractors, spare parts and related services; information technology (IT) services comprises of

services rendered for IT and telecom; financial services comprise of services relating to

financing, leasing and hire purchase of automobiles and tractors; steel trading and processing

comprises of trading and processing of steel; infrastructure comprise of operating of

commercial complexes, project management and development; hospitality segment

comprises of sale of timeshare; Systech segment comprises of automotive components and

other related products and services, and its others segment comprise of logistics, after-market,

two wheelers and investment. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2011, the Company

acquired a 70% stake in Ssangyong Motor Company Limited.

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TATA MOTORS

Balance Sheet of Tata Motors ------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Sources Of Funds

Total Share Capital 634.65 570.60 514.05 385.54 385.41

Equity Share Capital 634.65 570.60 514.05 385.54 385.41

Share Application Money 3.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Preference Share Capital 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Reserves 19,351.40 14,208.55 11,855.15 7,428.45 6,458.39

Revaluation Reserves 24.19 24.63 25.07 25.51 25.95

Networth 20,013.30 14,803.78 12,394.27 7,839.50 6,869.75

Secured Loans 7,766.05 7,742.60 5,251.65 2,461.99 2,022.04

Unsecured Loans 8,132.70 8,883.31 7,913.91 3,818.53 1,987.10

Total Debt 15,898.75 16,625.91 13,165.56 6,280.52 4,009.14

Total Liabilities 35,912.05 31,429.69 25,559.83 14,120.0210,878.8

9

Application Of Funds

Gross Block 21,883.32 18,416.81 13,905.17 10,830.83 8,775.80

Less: Accum. Depreciation 8,466.25 7,212.92 6,259.90 5,443.52 4,894.54

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Net Block 13,417.07 11,203.89 7,645.27 5,387.31 3,881.26

Capital Work in Progress 4,058.56 5,232.15 6,954.04 5,064.96 2,513.32

Investments 22,624.21 22,336.90 12,968.13 4,910.27 2,477.00

Inventories 3,891.39 2,935.59 2,229.81 2,421.83 2,500.95

Sundry Debtors 2,602.88 2,391.92 1,555.20 1,130.73 782.18

Cash and Bank Balance 638.79 612.16 638.17 750.14 535.78

Total Current Assets 7,133.06 5,939.67 4,423.18 4,302.70 3,818.91

Loans and Advances 5,852.42 5,248.71 5,909.75 4,831.36 6,208.53

Fixed Deposits 1,790.13 1,141.10 503.65 1,647.17 290.98

Total CA, Loans & Advances 14,775.61 12,329.48 10,836.58 10,781.2310,318.4

2

Deffered Credit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Current Liabilities 15,740.69 16,909.30 10,968.95 10,040.37 6,956.88

Provisions 3,222.71 2,763.43 1,877.26 1,989.43 1,364.32

Total CL & Provisions 18,963.40 19,672.73 12,846.21 12,029.80 8,321.20

Net Current Assets -4,187.79 -7,343.25 -2,009.63 -1,248.57 1,997.22

Miscellaneous Expenses 0.00 0.00 2.02 6.05 10.09

Total Assets 35,912.05 31,429.69 25,559.83 14,120.0210,878.8

9

Contingent Liabilities 4,798.83 3,708.33 5,433.07 5,590.83 5,196.07

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Book Value (Rs) 314.93 259.03 240.64 202.70 177.59

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Profit & Loss account of Tata

Motors------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Income

Sales Turnover 52,067.87 38,173.39 28,538.20 33,123.54 31,089.69

Excise Duty 4,110.63 2,800.10 2,877.53 4,355.63 4,425.44

Net Sales 47,957.24 35,373.29 25,660.67 28,767.91 26,664.25

Other Income 341.53 1,220.86 921.29 734.17 1,114.38

Stock Adjustments 354.22 606.63 -238.04 -40.48 349.68

Total Income 48,652.99 37,200.78 26,343.92 29,461.60 28,128.31

Expenditure

Raw Materials 35,047.05 25,366.12 18,801.37 20,891.33 19,879.56

Power & Fuel Cost 471.28 362.62 304.94 325.19 327.41

Employee Cost 2,294.02 1,836.13 1,551.39 1,544.57 1,367.83

Other Manufacturing Expenses 1,753.46 1,289.60 866.65 904.95 872.95

Selling and Admin Expenses 2,790.19 2,126.10 1,652.31 2,197.49 1,505.23

Miscellaneous Expenses 2,067.42 1,707.06 1,438.89 964.78 1,051.49

Preoperative Exp Capitalised -817.68 -740.54 -916.02 -1,131.40 -577.05

Total Expenses 43,605.74 31,947.09 23,699.53 25,696.91 24,427.42

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

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Operating Profit 4,705.72 4,032.83 1,723.10 3,030.52 2,586.51

PBDIT 5,047.25 5,253.69 2,644.39 3,764.69 3,700.89

Interest 1,383.79 1,246.25 704.92 471.56 455.75

PBDT 3,663.46 4,007.44 1,939.47 3,293.13 3,245.14

Depreciation 1,360.77 1,033.87 874.54 652.31 586.29

Other Written Off 106.17 144.03 51.17 64.35 85.02

Profit Before Tax 2,196.52 2,829.54 1,013.76 2,576.47 2,573.83

Extra-ordinary items 0.00 0.00 15.29 0.00 -0.07

PBT (Post Extra-ord Items) 2,196.52 2,829.54 1,029.05 2,576.47 2,573.76

Tax 384.70 589.46 12.50 547.55 660.37

Reported Net Profit 1,811.82 2,240.08 1,001.26 2,028.92 1,913.46

Total Value Addition 8,558.69 6,580.97 4,898.16 4,805.58 4,547.86

Preference Dividend 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Equity Dividend 1,274.23 859.05 311.61 578.43 578.07

Corporate Dividend Tax 192.80 132.89 34.09 81.25 98.25

Per share data (annualised)

Shares in issue (lakhs) 6,346.14 5,705.58 5,140.08 3,855.04 3,853.74

Earning Per Share (Rs) 28.55 39.26 19.48 52.63 49.65

Equity Dividend (%) 200.00 150.00 60.00 150.00 150.00

Book Value (Rs) 314.93 259.03 240.64 202.70 177.59

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MARUTI SUZUKI

Balance Sheet of Maruti Suzuki India ------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Sources Of Funds

Total Share Capital 144.50 144.50 144.50 144.50 144.50

Equity Share Capital 144.50 144.50 144.50 144.50 144.50

Share Application Money 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Preference Share Capital 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Reserves 13,723.00 11,690.60 9,200.40 8,270.90 6,709.40

Revaluation Reserves 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Networth 13,867.50 11,835.10 9,344.90 8,415.40 6,853.90

Secured Loans 31.20 26.50 0.10 0.10 63.50

Unsecured Loans 278.10 794.90 698.80 900.10 567.30

Total Debt 309.30 821.40 698.90 900.20 630.80

Total Liabilities 14,176.80 12,656.50 10,043.80 9,315.60 7,484.70

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Application Of Funds

Gross Block 11,737.70 10,406.70 8,720.60 7,285.30 6,146.80

Less: Accum. Depreciation 6,208.30 5,382.00 4,649.80 3,988.80 3,487.10

Net Block 5,529.40 5,024.70 4,070.80 3,296.50 2,659.70

Capital Work in Progress 1,428.60 387.60 861.30 736.30 238.90

Investments 5,106.70 7,176.60 3,173.30 5,180.70 3,409.20

Inventories 1,415.00 1,208.80 902.30 1,038.00 713.20

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Sundry Debtors 893.30 809.90 918.90 655.50 747.40

Cash and Bank Balance 95.50 98.20 239.00 324.00 114.80

Total Current Assets 2,403.80 2,116.90 2,060.20 2,017.50 1,575.40

Loans and Advances 1,626.30 1,739.10 1,809.80 1,173.00 1,072.60

Fixed Deposits 2,413.00 0.00 1,700.00 0.00 1,308.00

Total CA, Loans & Advances 6,443.10 3,856.00 5,570.00 3,190.50 3,956.00

Deffered Credit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Current Liabilities 3,805.20 3,160.00 3,250.90 2,718.90 2,288.60

Provisions 525.80 628.40 380.70 369.50 490.50

Total CL & Provisions 4,331.00 3,788.40 3,631.60 3,088.40 2,779.10

Net Current Assets 2,112.10 67.60 1,938.40 102.10 1,176.90

Miscellaneous Expenses 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Assets 14,176.80 12,656.50 10,043.80 9,315.60 7,484.70

Contingent Liabilities 5,450.60 3,657.20 1,901.70 2,734.20 2,094.60

Book Value (Rs) 479.99 409.65 323.45 291.28 237.23

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Profit & Loss account of Maruti

Suzuki India------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Income

Sales Turnover 40,865.50 32,174.10 23,381.50 21,200.40 17,358.40

Excise Duty 4,304.00 2,856.40 2,652.10 3,133.60 2,552.00

Net Sales 36,561.50 29,317.70 20,729.40 18,066.80 14,806.40

Other Income 784.60 662.00 491.70 494.00 338.10

Stock Adjustments 73.20 200.90 -356.60 336.30 -200.70

Total Income 37,419.30 30,180.60 20,864.50 18,897.10 14,943.80

Expenditure

Raw Materials 28,880.00 22,636.30 15,983.20 13,958.30 10,863.00

Power & Fuel Cost 210.20 216.60 193.60 147.30 97.40

Employee Cost 703.60 545.60 471.10 356.20 288.40

Other Manufacturing Expenses 1,949.40 1,061.60 716.10 523.30 392.40

Selling and Admin Expenses 1,153.87 1,032.17 817.66 521.48 483.26

Miscellaneous Expenses 289.73 201.73 236.84 287.62 239.44

Preoperative Exp Capitalised -25.70 0.00 -22.30 -19.80 -14.30

Total Expenses 33,161.10 25,694.00 18,396.20 15,774.40 12,349.60

Operating Profit 3,473.60 3,824.60 1,976.60 2,628.70 2,256.10

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PBDIT 4,258.20 4,486.60 2,468.30 3,122.70 2,594.20

Interest 24.40 33.50 51.00 59.60 37.60

PBDT 4,233.80 4,453.10 2,417.30 3,063.10 2,556.60

Depreciation 1,013.50 825.00 706.50 568.20 271.40

Other Written Off 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Profit Before Tax 3,220.30 3,628.10 1,710.80 2,494.90 2,285.20

Extra-ordinary items 18.90 51.10 37.90 76.60 33.40

PBT (Post Extra-ord Items) 3,239.20 3,679.20 1,748.70 2,571.50 2,318.60

Tax 820.20 1,094.90 457.10 763.30 705.30

Reported Net Profit 2,288.60 2,497.60 1,218.70 1,730.80 1,562.00

Total Value Addition 4,281.10 3,057.70 2,413.00 1,816.10 1,486.60

Preference Dividend 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Equity Dividend 216.70 173.30 101.10 144.50 130.00

Corporate Dividend Tax 35.10 28.80 17.20 24.80 21.90

Per share data (annualised)

Shares in issue (lakhs) 2,889.10 2,889.10 2,889.10 2,889.10 2,889.10

Earning Per Share (Rs) 79.21 86.45 42.18 59.91 54.07

Equity Dividend (%) 150.00 120.00 70.00 100.00 90.00

Book Value (Rs) 479.99 409.65 323.45 291.28 237.23

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Mahindra and Mahindra

Balance Sheet of Mahindra and

Mahindra------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Sources Of Funds

Total Share Capital 293.62 282.95 272.62 239.07 238.03

Equity Share Capital 293.62 282.95 272.62 239.07 238.03

Share Application Money 33.97 8.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

Preference Share Capital 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Reserves 9,974.62 7,527.60 4,959.26 4,098.53 3,302.01

Revaluation Reserves 11.18 11.67 12.09 12.47 12.86

Networth 10,313.39 7,830.23 5,243.97 4,350.07 3,552.90

Secured Loans 407.23 602.45 981.00 617.26 106.65

Unsecured Loans 1,998.06 2,277.70 3,071.76 1,969.80 1,529.35

Total Debt 2,405.29 2,880.15 4,052.76 2,587.06 1,636.00

Total Liabilities 12,718.68 10,710.38 9,296.73 6,937.13 5,188.90

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Application Of Funds

Gross Block 5,849.27 4,866.18 4,653.66 3,552.64 3,180.57

Less: Accum. Depreciation 2,841.73 2,537.77 2,326.29 1,841.68 1,639.12

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Net Block 3,007.54 2,328.41 2,327.37 1,710.96 1,541.45

Capital Work in Progress 1,364.31 1,374.31 886.96 649.94 329.72

Investments 9,325.29 6,398.02 5,786.41 4,215.06 2,237.46

Inventories 1,694.21 1,188.78 1,060.67 1,084.11 878.48

Sundry Debtors 1,354.72 1,258.08 1,043.65 1,004.88 700.89

Cash and Bank Balance 447.62 475.17 635.61 310.58 415.89

Total Current Assets 3,496.55 2,922.03 2,739.93 2,399.57 1,995.26

Loans and Advances 2,653.52 2,034.47 1,402.45 866.19 1,011.50

Fixed Deposits 167.02 1,268.06 938.82 550.65 910.18

Total CA, Loans & Advances 6,317.09 6,224.56 5,081.20 3,816.41 3,916.94

Deffered Credit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Current Liabilities 5,289.67 3,822.50 3,520.20 2,525.31 2,138.77

Provisions 2,005.88 1,796.54 1,277.56 943.46 715.43

Total CL & Provisions 7,295.55 5,619.04 4,797.76 3,468.77 2,854.20

Net Current Assets -978.46 605.52 283.44 347.64 1,062.74

Miscellaneous Expenses 0.00 4.12 12.55 13.53 17.55

Total Assets 12,718.68 10,710.38 9,296.73 6,937.13 5,188.92

Contingent Liabilities 2,632.10 2,307.70 1,220.39 985.35 1,008.27

Book Value (Rs) 174.85 138.02 191.91 181.43 148.72

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Profit & Loss account of Mahindra

and Mahindra------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------

Mar

'11Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Income

Sales Turnover 25,569.55 20,323.63 14,668.13 12,894.94 11,231.99

Excise Duty 2,092.02 1,807.30 1,587.05 1,584.57 1,310.65

Net Sales 23,477.53 18,516.33 13,081.08 11,310.37 9,921.34

Other Income 563.13 285.09 132.65 575.96 531.17

Stock Adjustments 202.23 23.69 -156.29 149.11 6.41

Total Income 24,242.89 18,825.11 13,057.44 12,035.44 10,458.92

Expenditure

Raw Materials 16,604.88 12,461.56 9,208.71 7,963.82 6,937.16

Power & Fuel Cost 143.93 120.97 98.69 91.33 65.19

Employee Cost 1,445.56 1,199.85 1,024.52 853.65 666.15

Other Manufacturing Expenses 98.33 96.92 75.36 73.35 68.80

Selling and Admin Expenses 1,735.63 1,439.26 1,109.96 1,108.33 891.29

Miscellaneous Expenses 261.10 264.21 165.83 257.84 210.03

Preoperative Exp Capitalised -50.87 -59.55 -42.83 -46.49 -47.10

Total Expenses 20,238.56 15,523.22 11,640.24 10,301.83 8,791.52

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Operating Profit 3,441.20 3,016.80 1,284.55 1,157.65 1,136.23

PBDIT 4,004.33 3,301.89 1,417.20 1,733.61 1,667.40

Interest 70.86 156.85 134.12 87.59 19.80

PBDT 3,933.47 3,145.04 1,283.08 1,646.02 1,647.60

Depreciation 413.86 370.78 291.51 238.66 209.59

Other Written Off 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.33

Profit Before Tax 3,519.61 2,774.26 991.57 1,406.77 1,437.68

Extra-ordinary items 0.00 72.49 48.97 0.00 -19.19

PBT (Post Extra-ord Items) 3,519.61 2,846.75 1,040.54 1,406.77 1,418.49

Tax 857.51 759.00 199.69 303.40 350.10

Reported Net Profit 2,662.10 2,087.75 836.78 1,103.37 1,068.39

Total Value Addition 3,633.68 3,061.66 2,431.53 2,338.01 1,854.37

Preference Dividend 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Equity Dividend 706.08 549.52 278.83 282.61 282.23

Corporate Dividend Tax 96.56 74.23 33.23 38.48 42.50

Per share data (annualised)

Shares in issue (lakhs) 5,872.47 5,659.08 2,726.16 2,390.73 2,380.33

Earning Per Share (Rs) 45.33 36.89 30.69 46.15 44.88

Equity Dividend (%) 230.00 190.00 100.00 115.00 115.00

Book Value (Rs) 174.85 138.02 191.91 181.43 148.72

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RATIO ANALYSIS OF TATA MOTORS, MARUTI SUZUKI

AND MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA

EARNINGS PER SHARE

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Tata Motors 28.55 39.26 19.48 52.63 49.65

Maruti 79.21 86.45 42.18 59.91 54.07

Mahindra 45.33 36.89 30.69 46.15 44.88

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '070

102030405060708090

EARNING PER SHARE

Tata MotorsMarutiMahindra

Interpretations

EPS measures the profit available to the equity shareholders per share, that is the amount that

they can get on every share held. Till 2010 TATA and Maruti had a rising EPS but in 2011

both of them fall and the effect is more on Tata motors because of the slump in domestic and

international markets and sharp fall in sales and net profits which resulted in low EPS.

Mahindra is not much affected as its sales have increased from the previous year. But as trend

shows Mahindra motors has potential so a shareholder can expect better in future.

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SALES

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Tata Motors 52,067.87 38,173.39 28,538.20 33,123.54 31,089.69

Maruti 40,865.50 32,174.10 23,381.50 21,200.40 17,358.40

Mahindra 25,569.55 20,323.63 14,668.13 12,894.94 11,231.99

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

0.00

10,000.00

20,000.00

30,000.00

40,000.00

50,000.00

60,000.00

SALES

Tata MotorsMarutiMahindra

Interpretations

Maruti and Mahindra show a positive trend in sales over the past five years. Though

slowdown in the economy brought hurdles but these companies have potential to grow in

future as lots of products are still to add in their portfolio. Moreover increased demand in

foreign market also seems to be a positive signal for better future. TATA has witnessed a

decline in sales of each segment. Maruti and Mahindra are going swiftly.

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DIVIDEND PER SHARE

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Tata Motors 20 15 6 15 15

Maruti 7.5 6 3.5 5 4.5

Mahindra 11.5 9.5 10 11.5 11.5

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

02468

101214161820

DIVIDEND PER SHARE

Tata MotorsMarutiMahindra

Interpretations

Tata motors and Maruti Suzuki both the companies showed a positive trend in paying

dividends till 2008, but the scenario changed in 2009 as both the company’s dividend

per share fell but again raised from 2010 . According to graph Tata’s dividend has fallen

drastically while Maruti stick to below 5 per share. Mahindra has made a slight reduction

from rs.11.5 per share in 2008 to rs.10 per share this year. Therefore Mahindra would be the

best option for an investor.

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RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI)

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Tata Motors

9.06 15.15 8.09 25.98 28

Maruti 16.5 21.1 13.04 20.56 22.79

Mahindra 25.92 26.74 16.03 25.51 30.18

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI)

Tata MotorsMarutiMahindra

Interpretations

ROI is one of the most important ratios used for measuring the overall efficiency of a firm

and determines whether the investments in the firms are attractive or not. According the

graph, ROI of TATA has declined to a large extent in 2009, making it a quite risky

investment. Maruti’s ROI has also declined but Mahindra’s ROI is showing a higher rate

compared to TATA and Maruti in 2009. As the investors would like to invest only where the

return is higher, Mahindra would be attractive for investment.

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DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

Tata Motors

80.96 44.28 34.52 32.51 35.34

Maruti 11 8.09 9.7 9.78 9.72

Mahindra 30.15 29.87 37.29 29.1 30.39

Mar '11 Mar '10 Mar '09 Mar '08 Mar '07

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO

Tata MotorsMarutiMahindra

Interpretations

Dividend payout ratio is the percentage of earnings paid to shareholders

in dividends. It provides an idea to an investor of how well earnings

support the dividend payments. Maruti has maintained a stable payout

ratio. Both TATA and Mahindra have increased their payout ratio in which

Mahindra shows a higher payout ratio.

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CHAPTER V

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS & CONCLUSION

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FINDINGS

From the data analysis and interpretations of the ratios of three companies’ viz. Tata Motors,

Maruti Suzuki and Mahindra and Mahindra, the following findings have been given:

The three companies were performing well till 2008 with a positive trend in the

earnings per share. But there was a downward trend in 2009 but again from 2010 it

was upward. Especially, TATA has witnessed a steep fall in the year 2009.

The sales trend has been upward and positive in case of all the three companies. The

sales growth looks positive but in the year 2009, TATA’s sales have declined whereas

Maruti and Mahindra have maintained the same upward positive trend.

In case of dividend per share, there were fluctuations during the period 2007- 2011.

Due to recession, the dividends per share have declined in all the three companies.

Tata’s dividend has fallen drastically while Maruti stick to below 5 per share.

Mahindra has made a slight reduction from rs.11.5 per share in 2008 to rs.10 per share

this year.

The return on investment has been fluctuating since 2007 and the year 2011 witnessed

low returns in case of all the companies amongst which TATA has the least rate of

return. Compared to the three companies, Mahindra has the highest ROI in 2009.

Maruti had a stable dividend payout ratio since 2007. TATA and Mahindra have

increased their payout ratio in which Mahindra shows a higher payout ratio.

By analyzing the current trend of Indian Economy and Automobile Industry I have found that

being a developing economy there is lot of scope for growth and this industry still has to

cross many levels so there are huge opportunities to invest in and this is being proved as more

and more foreign companies are setting up there ventures in India. Increase in income level,

increase in consumer demand, technology development, globalization, foreign investments

are few of the opportunities which the industry has to explore for developing the economy.

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SUGGESTIONS

By analyzing the automobile industry with the help of fundamental analysis, it has been

revealed that this industry has a lot of potential to grow. So recommending investing in

Automobile industry with no doubt is going to be a good and smart option because this

industry is booming like never before not only in India but all over the world. The three

giants of Indian Automobile industry viz. TATA Motors, Maruti Suzuki and Mahindra and

Mahindra have outperformed in the industry.

From the company analysis, we can know that Mahindra would be a better option for an

investor compared to TATA and Maruti. In view of the slump in the domestic and

international market, TATA has recorded a slowdown in sales and income level. Its Earnings

per share has also declined drastically. It has reduced its dividend per share from rs.15 in the

previous year to rs.6 in 2009. The return on investment is also very low. In view of all these,

TATA is not a better option for an investor.

The global turmoil in financial markets has affected Maruti also. The company is

maintaining a stable position. Its sales have grown over past five years. Inspite of the general

economic slowdown, the sales of Maruti Suzuki increased from Rs 21200 Crore to Rs 23381

Crore. As it is maintaining a stable position, it can be recommended that for now Maruti

share price shows that it’s a time to hold the position or buy more shares as there is scope of

further rise in share prices. Despite the challenging business environment, Mahindra has

maintained its upward sales level. Its Return on Investment is much higher compared to

TATA and Maruti. The dividend per share is rs.10 which is higher amongst the three

companies. The company has potential to grow.

It would be the best option for the investor. Investing in Maruti Suzuki for long time could

be a good option whereas in TATA motors there is a chance of getting correction, as it

already went on high side in a very short period of time and is experiencing a downfall from

2008. Holding the shares for long time could be a wrong step and at this point of time those

who invested earlier can book their profits. As Mahindra’s shares are undervalued, the

investor can buy these shares. This is because a relatively lower P/E would save investors

from paying a very high price that does not justify the value of an investment.

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Few Suggestions for “Right Stock Selection”

There are three factors which an investor must consider for selecting the right stocks.

Business: An investor must look into what kind of business the company is doing,

visibility of the business, its past track record, capital needs of the company for expansion

etc.

Balance Sheet: The investor must focus on its key financial ratios such as earnings per

share, price-earning ratio; debt-equity ratio, dividends per share etc and he must also check

whether the company is generating cash flows.

Bargaining: This is the most important factor which shows the true worth of the company.

An investor needs to choose valuation parameters which suit its business.

Investment rules

Invest for long term in equity markets

Align your thought process with the business cycle of the company.

Set the purpose for investment.

Long term goals should be the objective of equity investment.

Disciplined investment during market volatility helps attains profits.

Planning, Knowledge and Discipline are very crucial for investment.

Recommendation

By analyzing the industry on various parameters Automobile Industry have no doubt is going

to be a good and smart option because this industry is booming like never before not only in

India but all around the world. The numbers which came out in the end of financial year 2009

prove that even in the period of recession the overall sales went up is sufficient to support to

this fact. Investing in Maruti Suzuki for long time could be a good option whereas in TATA

motors there is a chance of getting correction, as it already went on high side in a very short

period of time so holding the shares for long time could be a wrong step, so at this point of

time those who invested earlier can book their profit or new investors can buy now and sell

with in short period of time by earning profit in short period of time.

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CONCLUSION

The collapse in market place witnessed unprecedented turbulence in the wake of global

financial meltdown. A runaway inflation touching a high point of 12% early in the year, the

tight monetary policies followed by the authorities for most of the year to control inflation

with the consequent high interest rates and weak consumer demand, have collectively had a

devastating effect on the automotive sector. During the financial year 2008-09 the there is

downfall in the growth of the company. The main reason behind this downfall is because of

the global recession. The downfall of net profit during the financial year 2008-09 is 29.6%

over the financial year 2007-2008.

TATA Motors, which was trying to consolidate its leadership position in the market, also had

to face the impact of global meltdown. Amid the crippling economic crisis, Tata purchased

Britain’s Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) from Ford Motor Company. Acquiring JLR saddled Tata

with some tough losses. Dividends and earnings remain low.

Inspite of it being a tough year for all the companies across the globe and in India, Mahindra

has given a satisfactory performance. At present its shares are undervalued giving it a

potential for growth. Global recession had a dampener effect on the growth of automobile

industry but it was a short term phenomenon. The industry is bouncing back. One factor

favoring this point is that India has become a hot destination for companies of diverse nature

to invest in. Cut throat competition among top companies, lots of new car and vehicle model

launches at regular intervals keeps the Indian auto sector moving.

A continuous effort at cost cutting and improving productivity will help the companies in

making reasonable profits despite the impact of higher commodity prices and weaker rupee.

The analysis gives an optimistic view about the industry and its growth which recommends

the investors to keep a good watch on the major players to benefit in terms of returns on their

investments.

Indian Automobile Industry is in the growth phase and the expected growth rate is 9-10% for

FY2009-10 compare to last year growth rate which was just 0.7% and the above facts and

figures in our study also support this truth. Indian Automobile has a lot of scope for both two

wheelers and four wheelers due to development in infrastructure of the country and especially

the rural sector in which demand of two wheeler has increased even in recession. According

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to Indian Statistical Organization the per capita income (Rs.38000) is increasing and national

income at the rate of 14.4% which shows potential to buy vehicle in auto industry. The

growth rate of Indian Automobile is so fast that by 2016 Indian Industry will be world 7

largest manufacturer in all sections.

The Indian auto market is still untapped the majority of the people in country don’t own a

four wheeler and all the major auto companies are trying to increase their sales by several

moves. Like TATA has launch NANO the people’s car and now TATA motors is also

planning to come out with an electric car as well as hybrid car, moreover in two wheeler

segment many companies like Mahindra and Mahindra grow even more than expectations.

By analyzing the current trend of Indian Economy and Automobile Industry we can say that

being a developing economy there is lot of scope for growth and this industry still have to

cross many levels so there is huge opportunities to invest in and this is proving as more and

more foreign Companies setting up there ventures in India.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.nseindia.com

www.bseindia.com

www.investopedia.com

www.moneycontrol.com

www.indiainfoline.com

www.sebi.gov.in

www.tatamotors.com

www.marutisuzuki.com

www.mahindra.com

www.yahoofinance.com

80