A STUDY OF APPLICATION OF IBM-COMPATIBLE PERSONAL COMPUTER LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (PC LANS) AMONG COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS IN HONG KONG BY CHEUNG WING KIN CHONG KWOK KWONG,DANIEL ? 1 珠使 t 國 t RESEARCH REPORT Presented to The Graduate School In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION THREE YEAR MBA PROGRAMME THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG May 1990 [Dr Y T F U K ii … C Advisor
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A STUDY OF APPLICATION OF IBM-COMPATIBLE
PERSONAL COMPUTER LOCAL AREA NETWORKS (PC LANS)
AMONG COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS IN HONG KONG
BY
CHEUNG WING KIN CHONG KWOK KWONG,DANIEL ?1 珠 使 t 國 t
RESEARCH REPORT Presented to
The Graduate School
In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
THREE YEAR MBA PROGRAMME
THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
May 1990
[ D r Y T F U K ii … C Advisor
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ABSTRACT
This study identified the extent of utilization of PC
LAN in Hong Kong. From the survey findings, the writers drew
conclusions and made recommendations to existing PC LAN
users, potential PC LAN users and marketeers in the light of
promoting the effectiveness of utilizing PC LAN in Hong Kong.
The computer profession was selected as the target
population while primary data and information were collected
by mail survey.
The conclusions are :
1. There are 59 percent of the respondents which have
installed at least one PC LAN in their firms.
2• Insurance, engineering, governement/education and
finance are the major PC LAN users in Hong Kong.
3. There are 66 percent of firms with over 99 staff
which have installed PC LANs.
4. The current PC LAN market are dominated by Ethernet
and Novell in hardware and software respectively.
5. Performance, reliability and price, in their order
of importance, are the three major selection
criteria for Hong Kong users to choose their PC
LANs. Ill
6. PC LAN uses are generally satisfied with what are
offered in the PC LANs that they are using.
7. Word processing, database and spreadsheet, in their
order of importance, are the three major
application areas running on PC LANs.
The writers recommend that :
1. Existing PC LAN users should conduct detailed
sizing exercise before they upgrade their PC LANs.
2. Other alternatives, such as mini-computers, should
be considered when an upgrade of PC LAN is considered.
3. Careful selection of the appropriate LAN hardware
and software is essential.
4. Marketeers should strive to improve the
performance, reliability and price of their
products.
5. Marketeers should form stragetic alliances with
the popular software vendors in the application
areas of word processing, database and
spreadsheet.
6. PC LAN vendors should develop better interface of
their products to PC LANs of other brands and to
mini-computers and/or mainframes.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF EXHIBITS viii
LIST OF TABLES ix
PREFACE xi
Chapter
I• INTRODUCTION 1
The World Market of LAN 3 Local Market of LAN in Hong Kong • • • 7 The Research 8 The Significance of Study Findings 9
II. METHODOLOGY 10
Target Population 10 Unit of Analysis n Population Size 12 Sample Size 1 4
Data Collection 1 5 Objective 15 Selection of Data Collection Method 15
Despatch and Collection of Questionnaries 21 Company Data 26
Classification ‘ [ 26 Size in Terms of Number of Staff 27 Degree of Computerization 27 Number of PC in Use 30
V
PC LAN Installed 32 Hardware Particulars 35
Type of Computers in Use 35 PC LAN Hardware in Use 3 5 Length of Use of PC LAN 37 Assessment of Hardware in Use 38
Software Particulars 3 9 PC LAN Software in Use •••••• 3 9 Applications in Use 3 9 Assessment of Software in Use 40
Criteria in Choosing PC LANs 4 1 Job Function 4 3 Role in Purchasing 4 3 Report [ 44
IV. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS 4 5
Response Rates 45 Company Data 46
Classification 46 Degree of Coiaputerization 48 Size in Terms of Number of Staff 50 Number of PC in Use 52 PC LANs Installed 5 4
Hardware Particulars 5 5 Type of Computers in Use ••! 55
PC LAN Hardware in Use 5 5 Length of Use of PC LAN 5 7 Assessment of Hardware in Use 5 7
Software Particulars 5 7 PC LAN Software in Use •• 5 7 Applications in Use 5 9 Assessment of Software in Use 5 9
Observation Relating to the Objectives of the Survey 60 Objective 1 : PC LAN Market Segment in Hong Kong 60 Objective 2 : Identify Market Characteristics • • 63 Objective 3 : Selection Criteria of LANs • • • • 66 Objective 4 : Gap between what are offered and
what are needed 66 Objective 5 : Major Applications of PC LANs
in Hong Kong 71 Job Function 73 Role in Purchasing 7 3 Report ! ! : 74
V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 7 5
Conclusion 75 Extent of Usage of PC LANs in Hong Kong •• •• •• •• 76 PC LAN Market Segment in Hong Kong 76 PC LAN Market Characteristics in Hong Kong • • • 77 Selection Criteria of PC LANs in Hong Kong • • • 78 Gap Between what are offered and what are needed
for PC LAN in Hong Kong 78
vi Major Applications of PC LANs in Hong Kong • • • 79
Recommendation 7 9 Firms Already Installed PC LANs 79 Firms Not Yet Installed PC LANs 81 Marketeers 82
APPENDIX 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY I33
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
1. LANs : Installed Base 4
2. LAN Hardware : Installed Base 4
3. LAN Software : Installed Base 6
viii
LIST OF EXHIBITS
1. Despatch and Collection of Questionaires 24
2. Criteria in Choosing PC LANs 42
3. Distribution of Industries 47
4. Degree of Computerization 49
5. Distribution of Firm Size 51
6. LAN Hardware in Use 56
7. LAN Software in Use 58
8. Applications in Use 72
ix
LIST OF TABLES
1. Distribution of Industries 26
2. Distribution of Firm Size 27
3. Degree of Computerization for Firms of Different Size 29
4. Number of PC in Use 30
5. PC Usage for Different Industries 32
6. PC LAN Installed Vs Size of Firms 33
7. PC LAN Installed Vs Industry Types 34
8. Number of Firms Using Different Brand of PC LAN • • • 36
9. LAN Hardware Vs Industry Types 37
10. Length of Use of PC LAN 38
11. Assessment of Hardware in Use 38
12. LAN Software in Use 39
13. Applications in Use 40
14. Assessment of Software in Use 41
15. Job Functions of Respondents 43
16. Role in Purchasing PC LANs 44
17• Number of Firms Requesting Summary Report 44
18• Number of PCs Installed in Firms of Different Sizes • 53
19. Rate of Usage of PC LANs in Various Industry 54
20. PC LAN Market in Hong Kong 60
21. PC LAN Hardware Against Industry Type 61
22. PC LAN Software Against Industry Type 62
23. Reasons for Using PC LAN 64
V
24. Reasons for Not Using PC LAN 65
25. Mean Scores of LAN Hardware Assessment 67
26. Mean Scores of LAN Software Assessment 68
27. Mean Scores of LAN Hardware Assessment - b y Hardware Type 69
28. Mean Scores of LAN Software Assessment - b y Software Type 69
29. Plan of Changing Existing PC LANs 70
xi
PREFACE
We wish to express our heartful thanks to all those
who have contributed to the completion of this research
project.
The Hong Kong Computer Society had helped to insert
our questionnaires into her newsletters for all her 2,000
members without charges.
The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (HKIE) had
helped us to send our questionnaires to 67 members (out of
300 members in total) of her Electronics Division at a
nominal charge.
A local computer software dealer had provided us
free-of-charge a list of general computer professionals for
the mail survey.
Special acknowledgement is due to our supervisor, Dr.
Y.T. Fung for his advice and guidance throughout the nine
months when we were working on this project.
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
"Sooner or later the number of personal computers in
the office reaches a critical level and the problem of a
local area network (LAN) crops up." [1]
In the past, personal computers (PCs) were largely
used to serve individual users separately at their home or
office workstations. Individuals used to work at their own
personal computers in isolation and the few users who had to
share data could do so by exchanging floppy disks.
However, as the number of personal computer users
grows and computer technology improves in both hardware and
software, certain economies of scale become important. For
example, large hard disks, laser printers can be shared;
electronic mail can reduce communication errors and enhance
security; database needs to be shared among corporate users
with the most updated version. These factors brought about
the need to share common resources and communicate among
personal computer users and thus local area networks appeared.
At the heart of networking is the concept of a
server, which is a computer resource providing services to
the other PCs (nodes) called clients on the LAN. Examples
of servers are file server, printer server and gateways
which allows the connection between PCs on the LAN and other
computers (minicomputers or mainframes) with different
operating systems.
Of course, benefits come with cost. Danger of
computer viruses, cost of LAN hardwares and softwares,
administrative overhead, security and recovery are just a
few of the examples.
We believe that it will be interesting and useful to
ascertain the extent of utilization and application of
personal computer local area networks (PC LANs) in local business sector.
In our study, we will only concentrate our interest
on those IBM-compatible personal computers local area networks, excluding other LANs for non-IBM-compatible PCs because :
(1) The numbers of IBM-compatible PCs are significantly
greater than any other PCs in the market
3 (2) IBM-compatible PCs are the "standard" workstation PCs
within the business world
(3) IBM-compatible PC LANs are in general more popular and powerful than any other PC LAN in the market
The study scope will include both hardware and
software utilization as well as their typical application,
selection criteria and degree of acceptance by the users.
The World Market of T.AN
"LAN are getting bigger; users are getting more
educated; and applications are getting better." [2] "1988
was another year of the LAN and that 1989 is shaping up to be yet another,“ [2]
The world market of LAN are expanding at tremendous
rate. There are very few industries, even among those
"hightech" industries, that can grow this fast. At the
beginning of 1989, there were about 0.8 million LANs
installed worldwide. By the end of 1989, there would be
more than 1.2 million LANs installed. Figure 1 shows the
estimation made by the LAN magazine on the size of installed
base of LANs. Though the growth rate of LANs is slowing
down slightly but the installed base keeps on expanding.
According to International Data Corporation (IDC), a
market research firm in Framingham, USA, the average number
of nodes on each LAN will grow from the current eight to
4
nearly 15, while the total number of LANs installed grows to
2.2 million by 1992.
Year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
LANs (million) 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.2
Fig. 1 LANs : Installed Base
(Source: International Data Corporation)
Figure 2 shows that both Ethernet and Token Ring
grow. Token Ring grows faster but from a smaller base. IDC
estimated that LAN hardware revenue will be more than $6
million in 1992.
Local Token Type Ethernet Talk Arcnet Ring Starlan Others
Percentage 39.5 21.4 12.0 10.7 5.7 10.7
Fig. 2 LAN Hardware : Installed Base
(Source: International Data Corporation)
"Not only is the LAN industry growing rapidly, but
the potential for growth is tremendous••’ [2] "There will be
50% of the 60 million PCs in the world attached to LANs by
1992. BY early 1989, only 19% PC were attached to LANs."
[2 ]
5 "The rate of attachment of new PCs is higher than
that of installed PCs." [2] Hence, most companies are
willing to buy PCs specially as a part of a LAN.
Dataquest, another market research firm in San Jose,
USA, predicted an even higher figure 一 almost 60% of PCs
will be connected to LANs by 1992.
Basically, we can segment the LAN market into two portions:
(1) PC LANs: PCs as nodes
(2) System LANs : PCs, minicomputer, minaframes and
terminal server as nodes
PC LANs accounted for 93% of all LANs installed but
less than 50% of all revenue made from LANs, according to
IDC, because of the lower average price per node of PC LANs.
Besides price, other driving forces behind PC LAN
installations are : structured wiring schemes based on
twisted pair cabling; more powerful PCs; better network
operating systems and support from large vendors; better
user education; increased user demand for data sharing;
establishment of networking standards and better LAN
application software.
Excluding Apple and TOPS (networking mostly for
Macintoshes), Novell has an even bigger share of the PC LAN
operating system market. (Figure 3)
6
Vendor Novell Apple Tops IBM 3 Com others
Percentage 35.5 29.6 11.8 10.1 6.1 7.0
Fig. 3 LAN Software : Installed Base
(Source: International Data Corporation)
The boundaries of the LAN industry are expanding
too. New products are being introduced rapidly. Software
products (applications, network management and LAN
utilities) and hardware products (bridges, gateways and routers) are booming. According to Market Intelligence
Research Company, a market research firm in Mountain View,
U.K., the LAN application software market alone will be worth of $2 billion by 1992.
By the summer of 1989, the LAN hardware market was
crystal clear - Ethernet is the leading network hardware
option but Token Ring have not disappeared and Local Talk is
hooking up more and more Macintoshes. (Figure 2)
The operating system segment of the LAN industry is
not very clear yet. Novell is the dominant PC LAN operating
system vendor. (Figure 3) Appleshare and TOPS follow.
After Novell, IBM PC LAN Program is the best selling IBM-
compatible PC LAN operating system, followed by 3Com, 3+ and
lONET. Novell will continue and even expand its dominance.
7 In summary, the LAN industry will continue to grow.
By 1991, the pace of growth will slow down. However, the
slack will be taken up by the new markets the LAN industry
has created and will continue to create. Also, networking
technology is advancing rapidly while more and more PC users
will be attracted into the PC LAN market.
Local Market Of T.AN In Hong Knng
"In Asia, where the assimilation of technology
usually lags behind that in the USA, PC LANs are becoming an
up and coming attraction, if not an outright necessity, to
business which own a large number of scattered standalone machines.“ [3]
Because no academic body has done a thorough market
survey of the local market of PC LANs in Hong Kong, our team
would try to carry out an exploratory market research on the local market.
Among the business firms in Hong Kong, only those
with certain degree of computerization will adopt PC-LANs.
It is usual to found that in these kinds of "computerized"
firms, some computer professionals hold certain higher level
management positions. Hence, our target population will be
these computer professionals whose views would be regarded
as the most representative among other managers.
8 The Research
There are five main objectives in the study.
Firstly, we want to know what types and sizes of firms are
using PC LANs more intensively in Hong Kong. In the other
words, we want to define our market segment.
Secondly, we would identify the characteristics of
the current and the potential market. For examples, size of
the PC LANs, particulars of the softwares and hardwares of the LANs in use.
Also, we would be keen in identifying the selection
criteria of PC LANs for the market. This is a very
importmant parameter for the PC LANs vendors in meeting
customer requirements and needs.
Fourthly, we want to know whether the existing PC
LANs offered in the market can satisfy customer requirments
in general. Is there any existing gap in between what are
offered and what are needed?
Lastly, we want to identify the major application areas of PC LANs in Hong Kong.
9
The Sianificance Of Study Findings
The result of the research is to give recommendation
to computer marketeers together with an insight of the
requirement of local firms and assist them to devise a
composite package that can meet the various current and
potential application areas of IBM^^compatible PC-LANs.
On the other hand, the study will give advice to
local computer professionals on what the general market
trends, typical application areas, strengths and weaknesses
of the current products and the usual characteristics of
major users of PC LANs are. Hence, these professionals will
be able to exert fuller benefits from the adoption of PC LANs.
10
CHAPTER II
METHDOLOGY
Target Popi�l at i rm
Population refers to all members in the group that
happen to be the focus of the study. As working on small
samples from all professions in Hong Kong may lead to
doubtful inferences and excessive generalization, the
research will thus focus on some selected professions to
obtain larger samples for more representative results, since
the computer profession has gained high prestige among most
local businesses, their views on the local market of IBM-
compatible personal computer local area networks (PC LANs)
should be the roost representative among all professions in
Hong Kong. Hence, the computer profession was selected as the target population.
11 Unit of Analysis
Nowadays, most local businesses have their own
computer specialists who may be in form of a single
professional, a small computer expert team, an EDP
department or even a computer subsidary. The unit of
analysis should be individual company because adoption of PC
LANs is a collective requirement surpassing the different
requirements. However, our questionnaires will be addressed
to individual computer professionals. Hence, in the process
of sampling, we would avoid sending the same questionnaire
to more than one key computer professionals in a particular
firm or a particular branch of a large company.
As the adoption of PC LANs may be governed by firm
size, it is necessary to note significant differences in
survey findings due to this factor. Thus, firm size will be
included as an evaluation element of the study.
In addition, opinions of higher levels of management
may be significatly different from those of lower level
computer specialist. Hence, job function and level of
management will be included as an evaulation parameter of
the research.
12 Population Size
In order to obtain accurate information about the
population size as well as the mailing list for later data
collection purpose, letters requesting for customer lists
were sent to 3Com Hong Kong Ltd and IBM China/Hong Kong
Corporation on 12th November, 1989. However, both requests
were rejected. Then letters requesting for permission to
insert our questionnaires into those advertisements or
newsletters for their customers were sent to these two
companies in early Decemeber 1989. The responses to these
letters were still unfavourable. Copies of these letters
are attached as Appendix 1-8.
The reason for selecting the customers of 3Com Hong
Kong Ltd and IBM China/Hong kong Corporation was that there
are only three major vendors of IBM-compatible PC LANs in
Hong Kong, ie. Novell, 3Com and IBM in order of popularity.
Failing to get the first hand PC LAN customer list,
we proceeded to adopt the approach of conducting research on
the local computer profession. Similarly, letter requesting
for membership list was sent to the Hong Kong Computer
society (HKCS). Copy of this letter is attached as Appendix
9. By early December 1990, the secretary of the Hong Kong
Computer society verbally rejected our request, but promised
to insert our mailing materials into the newsletters
for all her 2,000 members without charge.
13 Not satisfying with only one response group, we
managed to get another valuable mailing list, the list of
200 members of the Electronic Data Processing (EDP)
Management Group, under the Hong Kong Management Association
(HKMA) . All these members hold the more senior EDP
management positions in various businesses of Hong Kong.
Aiming at a better respondent profile, letter
requesting for membership list was sent to the Electronics
Division, the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers on 24th
January, 1990. Copy of the letter is attached as Appendix
10. The Electronics Division was selected because there is
no computer-related division in the Institution. However,
the secretary of the Institution verbally rejected our
request on 30th January, 1990 but promised to provide
mailing labels at the cost of HK$1.00 each. There are about
300 members belonging to the Electronics Division of the
Institution, as informed by the divisional chairman verbally.
With our greatest effort to enhance the respondent
profile, we managed to get another usefull mailing list, a
list of 600 general computer professionals in Hong Kong.
The list was maintained by a famous local computer software
dealer and contains key EDP management staff of a great
variety of businesses in Hong Kong.
14
Sample Size
The Hong Kong Computer society promised us to insert
one to two papers of six inches wide into the newsletters
for all her 2,000 members. As we cannot do any sampling, we
had to conduct a full survey on all the 2,000 members of the
society. However, the huge sample size had to be
compromised with a less efficient research material due to
our limited financial resources. Please refer to the next
section on the selection of data collection methods.
Not all the 200 members of the EDP management club
of the HKMA were consulted because some of them are working
in the same company or in highly-related sister companies.
Hence, only 133 members were chosen after careful screening.
Our principle of sampling is to avoid consulting to more
than one key computer professionals in a particular firm or
a particular branch of a huge company.
Not all the 300 members of the Electronics Division
of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers were consulted
because our financial resource is limited and most of them
are working for the Government or education utilities such
as Hong Kong Polytechnic. At our request, the Institution
sorted out a list of 121 elder members of the Electronics
Division and sold to us. Copy of the invoice is attached as
Appendix 11. After screening out those civil servants,
there were only 67 members who formed our next sample.
15 From the list of 600 general computer professionals,
only 100 were selected using the same principle as mentioned
above, ie. avoid consulting to more than one person of one
firm and avoid excessive responses from civil servants.
Data Collection
It is extremely essential to select and plan
effective data collection methods which would produce valid
original data base for further analysis, presentation and
interpretation.
Objective
Computer professionals are heavily occupied in their
daily businesses and cannot spare much working hours for
other non-productive activities. To resolve this problem,
our objective of the data collection method of this research
is to encourage their participation with disturbance kept
down to a minimal time period.
Selection Of Data Collection Method
Telephone interview was not selected because of its
bothering nature and possible adverse response. The
respondent could unilaterally terminate the interview
without warning or explanation by hanging up the phone.
16
Mail survey by questionnaires will be used as the
principal data collection method. It is cheap, convenient,
useful, of wide geographical coverage and without
interviewer bias. A questionnaire is an efficient data-
collection mechanism when the researchers know exactly what
is required and how to measure the variables of interest.
The data can be collected fairly easily and the responses
are easily coded. However, it has the disadvantages of low
return rates and possible misinterpretation due to poorly
designed questions. Also, any doubts the respondents might
have cannot be clarified. Providing the respondents with
self-addressed stamped return envelopes and keeping the
questionnaire as short as possible will help to increase the
return rates of mail questionnaires.
Questionnaires
Design
Good questionnaire design principles should focus on
three areas: the wording, general appearance and the issues
of how the variables will be categorized, scaled and coded [4].
17 As the respondents have high qualification, the
questionnaire was set in English with some computer jargons.
The questions are set in an explicit and specific manner
with minimum open-end questions. Also, simple and short
questions are adopted. The sequence of question would be
such that the respondents is led from questions of a general
nature to those specific ones; and from question that are
relatively easy to answer to those that are progressively
more difficult. Finally, we avoid sensitive questions
concerning company data and personal information of
confidential nature.
There will be two types of questionnaires of
identical contents but different appearance. Type A is
attached as Appendix 12 and was sent to all the 2,000
members of the Hong Kong Computer Society. An introduction
is used to disclose the identity of the researches, the
purpose of the survey and express the respect to the
significance of the response to be provided. Hence, no
covering letter is used. Perpaid reply postage is not
furnished due to our limited resource and the huge sample
size. The Hong Kong Computer Society allowed us to send
only papers of six inches wide. Hence, the questionnaires
seem to be too small in size. However, to enhance the
response rate, the questionnaire is offset printed on one
single paper with the return address imprinted on the back
for convenient and correct return mailing.
18 Type B is attached as Appendix 13 and was sent to
the other three samples ie. EDP Management Club, Hong Kong
Institution of Engineers and the general computer
professionals. A covering letter is enclosed (as Appendix
14) to clearly disclose our identity, the purpose of the
survey and express the respect to the significance of the
expected reply. Assuring confidentiality and anonymity of
the replies would ensure less biased answers. Prepaid reply
postage is provided to boost the reply rate. Also, the
questionnaire is offset printed on double-fold A4 papers
with the return address imprinted on the back for correct
and convenient return mailing.
Contents
The questions are divided into four parts dealing
with company data, hardware particulars, software
particulars of the system adopted and some personal
particulars. At the end of the questionnaire, the respondents are asked if they wish to receive a summary report.
Despatch Methods
2,000 questionnaires of type A (Appendix 12) were
handed over to the Hong Kong Computer Society. These
questionnaires are anonymous.
19 133 questionaires of type B (Appendix 13 & 14) were
mailed to the 133 companies (see Appendix 15) of the members
of the EDP Management Club, HKMA. The questionnaires were
directly addressed to these members. All these
questionnaires were secretly numbered for later verbal
reminders of early response over telephone.
67 questionnaires of the type B (Appendix 13 & 14)
were mailed with the 67 mailing labels supplied by the Hong
Kong Institution of Engineers. 58 of these labels contain
residential addresses and we have no way to do screening
using our principles (ie. to avoid consulting to more than
one professionals of one company and to avoid excessive
response from civil servants). The remaining 9 labels
contain company addresses.
Finally, 100 questionnaires of type B (Appendix 13 &
14) were mailed to the 100 companies (see Appendix 16) of
the general computer professionals list. All these
questionnaires were directly addressed to these
professionals. Also, these questionnaires were secretly
numbered for later verbal reminders of early response over telephone.
- 香 港 中 文 大 學 圓 書 館 藏 書
20 Research Aids
The raw data from the questionnaires are processed
by SPSS/PC+ to give collated information which was used to
plot graphs.
Summary
The research methodology adopted is considered to be
manageable and reliable. Mail survey was chosen because it
was evaluated as the most cost effective, objective and
efficent method among various alternatives• The
questionnaire was well designed with good layout and short
length so as to encourage higher response rate.
Due to our limited resources, the research is only
conducted for the local computer professionals. The
coverage was considered wide enough to highlight the current
characteristics of the local IBM-compatible PC LAN market,
because in every kinds of businesses, EDP experts already
play dominate roles on the adoption of PC LANs. Moreover,
some of these respondents actually holds very senior
management positions and their views may be regarded as the
most representative among other professionals.
21
CHAPTER III
SURVEY FINDINGS
Despatch and Collection of Questionnaires
A total of 2,000 questionnaires of type A (Appendix
12) were handed over to the Hong Kong Computer Society on
15th January, 1990. The questionnaires have no stamp
sticked on it and no covering letter because of our limited
financial resource. Then the Hong Kong Computer Society
inserted our questionnaires into her newsletters for all her
2,000 members without charge. Starting from 30th January
1990, returned questionnaires were received. Within 3
weeks, a total of 81 returned questionnaires were collected,
representing a response rate of 4%.
A total of 133 questionnaires of type B (Appendix 13
& 14) were sent on 26th January, 1990 directly to 133
members (out of the 211 members in total) of the Electronic
Data Processing (EDP) Management Club, the Hong Kong
Mangement Association (HKMA). The questionnaires have
stamps sticked and covering letter. Starting from 31st
22
January 1990, questionnaires were returned. Within 3 weeks,
a total of 57 valid returned questionnaires were received,
representing a vaild response rate of 44%.
A total of 67 questionnaires of type B were sent on
3rd February, 1990 directly to 67 members (out of 300
members in total) of the Electronics Division, The Hong Kong
Institution of Engineers (HKIE)• Starting from 7th
february, 1990 the questionnaires were returned. Within 3
weeks, a total of 32 valid returned questionnaires were
received, representing a response rate of 48%.
Another 100 questionnaires of type B were sent on 27th
January, 1990 directly to 100 selected persons (out of the
600 persons in total) in the list of general computer
professionals provided by a local computer software dealer.
Starting from 1st February, 1990, questionnaires were
returned. Within 3 weeks, a total of 21 questionnaires were
collected, representing a reply rate of 23%.
Three of the returned questionnaires were not
completely filled and hence rejected from the analysis.
Another 10 questionnaires were returned by the post office
because the receipts could not be located. This was
excluded from the orginal number of despatched
questionnaires during calculation of the actual valid
response rate. A summary of the questionnaires despatch and
23 collection information is shown in Exhibit 1.
24
EXHIBIT 1
DESPATCH AND COLLECTION OF QUESTIONNAIRES
^ , ^ � (2) (3) (4) (5) Trgel Groups HKCS HKMA HKIE GENERAL SUB- TOTAL
舰 Prognmincs o- os2783 Ficuhy of Business AdministntioQ 3-7225808 (Town otntrt) 學生專颶研究用奠 Student Research Projects
November 12, 1989
General Manager, Trade Corporation,
47/F, TWO Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Hong Kong
Dear Sir, Re: List of LAN users in Hong Kong
� r o g r ^ e students of the 二 恕 T e n t , 二 。 二 兰 S 忠 4 s 二 』 u J
二 二 二 : 二 a O b J M t y g would be area network users to vhGh 二 ^ tl^H K H ^。此
informative data in p r o c e & J S ^ r l e ^ i i ^ f P r o a c h for
二 r ^ ^ ^ s S S S d S r l ;仏 盟 \ „ S t U e = S /� l e l y for our academic advise the u n d e r 二 , a p p r o v a l , please When the list is rl^g ? a t 5-8082311
Thank you for your co-operation.‘
Yours sincerely,
cneung Wing Kin ‘ MBA I I I Chinese University of Hong Kong
I am wr1tinv with reference to your recent letter to our Mana9in9 Director, reque1tin9 for a li•t of IBM Looal Area Network uaer• in Hon9 10n9.
...
I am 1orry that we vill not be abl• to eupply the information you requa•t•4 a• it ·11 not our praot1oe to dilolo•• information relatln9 to our ouatomer•' inetallation without havin; their prior con1ent.
Thank• for your intere1t in our ouetomara and wiah your project e~ery eucoe••· .
Sincerely,
Franoi1 ~.x. xwong Administrative A••iatance to Manavinv Direotoz
I ,,
, I
, I
:11
89
a p p e n d i x 3
- 90
THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG· KONG · fi ~- ~ X ;k ~
IftWJI~~IJ±Ilfi WIA Proarammea Paculty or Bualnta Admlnbtntlon
·~-··il9tlft. Snadut Reauda Projecta
Manager Director IBM China/nono Kong Corporatjon Jlrd Floor, Tvo Excbau9e &quare I Connaught Place Hong Kong
Dear Sir,
Than~ you for your pro•pt ref)ly concerning a. 11et of IBM LocAl Area Netvor~ users in Boug Kon9. Aa an alternative, would you pleaH~ consider t·o insert onr queutinnnai fe into those advertise~aaenta or newsletters for your custo~era ?
Looking forwards to your favourable reply.
Hr Vi ng-ki n Claeung MBA Year 3 ntudent 5-8082311 (Office) 3-1860099 (FAX)
=- ='== cJmr .. "' '"" ... .,..., .. •~ IIM c )t6na/llu•'l -. .... c • ..,..,..._
December 29, 1989
Mr. Wing-kin Cheung MBAIII Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T.
Dear Mr. Cheung,
92
SW no.. Two~~ • r~nauatM ~.I ~aft~Trkptw:~
Trin: 11211' IMKliiiX
I am writing with reference to your recent letter concerning your study on IBM Local Area Network usera in Hong ~ong. We have considered your support requeat but regret to infor.m you that we cannot offer any assistance.
t , •• ee1veci your lett~r ~,. ~2 Mov~mber 19BS, re~J~d1ng cut ~u~tG&Daa· l1st. i "'C;\otld ,,ke t-o be hi~pful 'tn rtgard~ tc- .)OU~ rt::.~flrt.;h prujf:r.\.. :Jr.1:.">rl~l\l'te~y. 1t 1~ the po11cy of 3Coo> Curpet·•t1on to not c'~lr~l\ute Gur cust~ft4tr lis~hag datoba:e.
Go~d luek with yo~r pr-oj~ct, .tnd l wi~h yt.J\J ·a suc~~ssfu1 t:ump-~tt'\or. c;f your MS/, courses.
S1nttre1y
lt11 Mess•r \rei Manager \s 1 an ()per at 1ons
M/rs
. I
'I.
97
a p p e n d i x 7
•
98
THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG· KONG · ~ iO rp -,t * 4! TllEGIWII • SIHC:NlRIITY
IR'rll~~il±ltfi MIA Propvnmn Paeuhy or Bullnns Adml.nlJtratlon
•~-••il9tm• Srvdent leaareh ProjecU
Managing Director 3 Cc. Bong long, Lt4 2802 - 2804 AdairaltJ Centre Tower 1 18 Barcourt Road Rong long
uea a· sir,
T11ank you fot· your prot~pt" reply concerning ~list of IBM LocAl Area Netvorl\ us~rfl in Doug ~on9. ~~ ~n alternltiv•, would you ~lea11P. consider t n 1 nsert our tiUentionnA l re tu to thoHe advertise•enta or nevsl et t era for your cua t 0111era ?
Looking forwards to your favourable reply.
Mr Yilag-kin Cheung MBA Year l ~tudent S-8082311 (Office) l-7860099 (FAX)
1
•I
I I I
,,
I', \,
·',\
,,,
99
a p p e n d i x 8
S C o n j T 100 fcrfHtftt^Ui
TMWI tlHifo^llW
FAX TransiPlsslon S^fj^tiT^^、 Tdrt: 7)55) HIBCKX
December 6, 1989
To : Mr Cheung Wing Kin
K如、”ader, MBA Year 3 Student 了he Chinese University of H ^ g Kong
工 理 學 院 頑 士 課 程 MBA Progr»inines ^ ^ Faculty of Business Adminisuition IT^JB
n W ) cantrt) 學生專 «研究用箋 Student Restirch Projects
December 4, 1989
Richard K. Li, President, Hong Kong Computer Society IVr, 485 Lockhart R o a d , ‘ 丨 Causeway Bay Hong Kong ]
. 11
I,
Dear Sir, I'
Re: Membership List
讓 • S P ! 磁 s s H t ! - ;! project to ascertain the extent of application and utilization of local area network in HonrKo^. I
i H l i l t i l s 兹 J H S F ‘
Thank you for your co-operation.
Yours sincerely,
Cheung Wing Kin MBA III Chinese University of Hong Kong
103
A P P E N D I X l o
•
THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
ltlfGMM • SINCNl"'ITY SH &TIN · NT ·HONG KONG · Tl L.: o-88121 1 1 • 11LIX • 1030\ CUHK tol •
~ MX • CIUl 0-~
Ift'lll-rlil±llft MBA ProJRIM'II Faculty or Bullnns Administration
llr Jl B Aa Divisional Cbair•aa Electronics Division The Bong long Institution of Engineers 9/F Island Centre
-· 1 Great George Street Causeway Bay Bong lont
near Sir,
;
•
104
24tb Jaunary 1990
List of Me•hera of Electronics Division, RliE
" I ,,
\'1 \,
Il l
I
Ye are 1 group of part-tiae MBA progra .. e students of the Chinese University \, of Rong long. As part of our graduation requirement, ve are nov conducting a business research project to ascertAin the extent of application and utilization of personal c011pnt.er loeal area netvorke in Rong Kong. la thia connection, ve should be •uch obliged if you would be kind enougb to provide aa at our coat a full lilt of •e•bera of Electronics Division, DKIE to vbicb ve will approaeb for inforaative data in processing our research. le confira
·. tbat the liat will be used' solely for our acade•ic purposea. Aa aa alternative, you ·aay insert our questionnaires of only one A4 page into your next periodicals for _tbe ae•bera or Electronic• ntvision, RilE. Sbould our · request aeet your approval, please advise ae during office hour at 808 2311.
Tbank you for your cooperation.
Yours faithfully,
tA~tJtJJ~ Cbeung Ving lin Group Leader
105
a p p e n d i x 1 1
‘ ‘ • . . . • ‘ • « .
106
HONG KONG INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS J T T P S S U U ^ C ^ R S I CRTTL C ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M T T W
INVOICE D a t e : _ 2 Z ^ ^^
T o : M r C h e u n g W i n g - k i n •
丨 tem Description Amount H K $
1 One set of label (^HK$1.00/pc) $ 12i.oo ;
m^mmmmmm (
I (•
I
«
[:毳
Payment should be settled wfthln 14dayi For and on uhair of f f o m date of I n v o i c e T h ^ H o n g K o n g institution of Enfl lnMf
Payment by cheque should be made payable to ^^^ " T H E H O N G K O N G I N S n T U T l O N O F E N G I N E E R S ' \ j J / 7
and crossed ^ L J U . ^ ^ ^
Author! Signature
107
a p p e n d i x 1 2
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110
a p p e n d i x 1 3
;;;!;;g^RSITY OF HONG KONG 香 港 中 文 大 爭
“ " “
*»oA rrogr&mm«t Ptculty of Burinea AdministraUon ^^2799
,生專•研*用箋 夂 时 Sh)“m Reaetjch frojeeu
30 January 1990
Dear Sir/Madam » • •
- • s • I
• f S
� 丨 o r - 剩 � the 。f。„ • 吻 . . n ,
Yours Truly
,emig Ving jcin Group Leader
112
a p p e n d i x 1 4
AFPuaTion or rnioNAL cowrm UKAL AREA
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r对y of P«r_oiwl CMputtr local «rt« n«t«orkf ia Non9 Kong.
\\ yo«r exi.ting PC UN vendor, for H.rdv.r.,【】Y« 【】iio
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LAN雞
?
PlMM ritt f
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Reliability
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[]Training
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【]Perfonunct
[】
Up9radlbility
【】Others (
Please specify )
19.
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function it
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[】
Operating
fj CoMunication MnageMnt
[】
DP/inforMtion processing »9t
[】
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20.
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21.
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as?
[] Yes
【】No
Mr
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Flat
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22.
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…End
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—
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117
a p p e n d i x 1 5
• 118
^tge No. 1 02/15/90 LIST OF COMPWIIES OF HDfBERS OF EDF MAMAGEMDIT CLUB or BONG KONG KAKAGEMEHT ASSOCIATION
COHPAMY NAMES
AIDGC • FERO ,MERCIAN PRESIDENT LINES LIMITED =2�AN EXPRESS IKTERKAITONAL INC ,SyCAN INTERNATIONAL DATA CENTRE ,MERICAN INTERNATIONAL GROUP AMVAY ( HONG KONG ) LIMITED SilS ill ^ SYSTEMS ( RK ) LIMITED bank OF AMERICA KT 4 SA BANQUE KATIOHALE DE PARIS BARCUYS BANK PLC BELCIAH BANK INE COJfTAIKER HOLDINGS LIMITED BIS BANKING SYSTEMS LIMITED rjAJJAJ JAJAGIMENT SERVICES LIMITED
巧JTEX OIL HONG KONG LIMITED r lull l ^^ INSURANCE COMPAKY LIMITED AIRVAYS LIMITED CHASE KANHATTAN BANK KA 22IAIIC FIRST BAMK LIMITED CHEMICAL BANK
C;?;; 扣 似 COMPANY LIMITED ciJmlJ 21 HOLDINGS ) CO LTD ( HK ) LIMITED TOKMERCIAL COMPUTING LIMITED COKMUNICATION SERVICES LIMITED 。!ENGINEERING LIMITED COMPUTER LAMD LIMITED COMPUTER POVER
^^ECRUITMENT CONSULTANTS COOPERS I LYBRAND ASSOCIATES LIMITED CULLINET HONG KONG LIHITm DM HENG BANK L I 贿 D DELOITTE HASKINS 4 SELLS LIMITED
'tllllVi ? f f i f f i l i / _ _ >
DOV CHEMICAL PACIFIC LIMITED PAR EAST SYSTEMS LIMITED
S Y丨 T咖 LIKITH)
<1
119 奢 No. 2
02/15/^0
LIST OR COHPAMIES OF NCNBCRS
or EDF MAKACEHniT CLUB
OR BONG LONO HAMAGEMEKT ASSOCIATION
= = = = = = = = = = = = :
COMPAKY NAMES
HAWG UING BANK LIMITED RAUG SENG BANK LIMITED
, G RONG AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING COMPANY
JJOWG KONG EXPORT CREDIT INSURANCE M P P
I H T ^ N A T I O N A L L L L N S 咖 ' 二 55TA KANAGEMEKT U N I T E D
HSIW CHONG HOLDINGS ( RK ) LIMITED
肪 肌 E DATA LIM HUTCHISOK PAGING LIMITED HYTERCOM ASIA LIMITED
INTERNATIONAL LIHITED IBK WORLD TRADE CORPORATION
PACIFIC LIMITED INTERHATIOKAL COMPUTERS ( HK ) LTMirrn FLEMING B O _ S ( 二 [ t 咖
1 二 ilE/ATHESON AND COMPANY LIMITED J W S E N 4 CONFAKY LIHITED JOHJI D HUTCHISON GROUP LIMITED JOHNSON, STOKES 4 MASTER KODAK ( FE ) LIMITED ^VLOON’ MOTOR BUS COMPANY ( 1933 ) LTD
kvong OK bank limited ) LTD
U ^ W H N E L L DOUGLAS CHINA !C HICROLAB LIMITED US i' SIL HONG KONG LIMITED W A INTERNATIONAL INCORPORATION H Y M JEVBLRy MANUFACTURER LIMITFn
NATIONAL ADVANCED SYSTDJ ! J R ^ ^ L J I ' T O S R 卯 A N C E COMPANY LTD WC* ( HONG KONG �LIMITED NELSON WHEELER GRUBB ft ASSOC'S
NESTLE CHINA LIMITED NHF ZEALAND INSURANCE COMPANY LIMTTPN NIXDORF COMPUTER LIMITED
NOMURA COMPUTER SYSTEMS ( HK ) LIMITED NZI INSURANCE ‘ LIMITED
OLIVETTI ( HONG K O N G》 L I M I T E D
O R A C L E SYSTEMS HONG KONG LIMITED
O R I E N T SHIP MANAGEMENT LIMITED
#
120
ragt No. 3 02/15/,。
LIST OF C O M P A H I E S OF Nr.NBER6 or ED? MANAGDIEMT CLUB
or BOWC KONC RANAGEMEKT ASSOCIATION … … ” … … … … … … … … …
COMPANY NAHES
O R I E N T A L DATA SYSTEMS LIMITED M I L I P S HONG KONG LIHITED 【RICE VATERHOUSE MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS PRIHE ASIA REGIOJI
O U O T I E H T SYSTEMS FAR EAST LIMITED R A S C O E DEVELOPMEMT LIMITED ^CF CONSULTING LIMITEL) R E A D E R S DIGEST ASSOC FE LIMITED I^ESEARCHASIA
^ O Y A L HONG KONG JOCKEY CLUB
S E C U R I T Y PACIFIC ASIAN BANK
^ ^ ^ G J U I COMMERCIAL BANK LIMITED H I N G TECHNOLOGY COMPANY L I M I T E D
5ITA
OF HONG KONG L I H I T E D S T R A T U S COMPUTER ( UK ) LTD
SUN BUNG KAI PROPERTIES LIHITED SIM H U N G KAI SECURITIES LIMITED FIM MICROSYSTEMS INCORPORATION SWIRE SYSTEMS U N I T E D
工,IKOO GOYAL INSURANCE COKPAKY LIMITED T A N D D I COMPUTERS ( KK ) LIMITED
S^ViJ^E^二,狱im ( ) limited ,ANK OF EAST ASIA LIMITED
T H E B A N K OR TOKYO, LIHITED L ^ L NATIONAL BANK OF C H I C A G O THE: H O N G KONG ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED
HONGKONG LAND COMPANY LIMITED T O N W KENNER PARKER TOYS ( H K 》 L T D TOUCHE ROSS & COMPANY T R A N S D A T A LIHITED U L T I M A T E SYSTEMS LIMITED U N I S Y S U N I T E D MERCHANTS FINANCE LIMITED V A B L E M & COMPANY LIMITED W F L L C O M E COMPAKY LIMITED V I N G L U N G BANK LIMITED V I N G O K COHPUTER SYSTEMS LIMITED W O R L D - W I D E SHIPPING AGENCY L I M I T E D
121
a p p e n d i x 1 6
. 122
I"籲9奢 N o . 1
02/15/90
“ “ o o H T h n i i t OF h GRour or PROFESSIONALS
PW)VIDED BY A LOCAL SOFTWARE DEALER
COMPANY NAMES I
AIR RONG KONG LIMITED AMERICAN EXPRESS BANK LIMITED BAKCO 01 ROMA
AND WIRELESS ( HONG KONG ) LIMITED CAMERON MICROSYSTEMS LIMITED
^ I O J L ^ ^ P ^ ⑶肝AKY ( HONG KONG ) LTD COKPUTASIA LIMITED ^ G I T A L EQUIPMDFR CORPORATION
DIGITAL EQUIPHENT PAR EAST ELCAJ^ ELECTRONICS L I W T E D ELEC AND ELTEK COMPANY LIMITED RAR EAST BANK LIMITED RIRST PACIFIC BANK LIMITED
( HONG KONG ) UNITE!) GILKAN OFFICE MACHINES ? 5 I ^ I L ^ ^ N E CO LTD - DATACOM SERVICES “ I 1 ^ 4 , 拥 E CO LTD - E X C H M G E DESIGN
L L L R ^ L F ^ L ^ J " ^ ^ ^ ^ COMPONDTTS LIMITED S M R CARGO TERMIMAL LIMITED ^ Z R CHINESE B M LIMITED
INDUSTIUAL 4 COKMERCIAL BANK L ^ I ^ C H I M ) C O M M E H C U L BANK U N I T E D
^^^ ^CINEERIMG LIMITED J ^ ^ J I ^ O K TELEPHONE CCWPAMY LIMITED I H M A J I OVERSEAS BANK
!Umi JJJ^ 5凡NK OF JM>AH limited BANK OR JAPA* LIMITED BUSINESS SYSTEM LIHITED
UTTERKATIONAL BANK OF ASIA
FLEMING AND COMPAKY LIMITED
;JS 咖 贿 TED KOREA EXCHANGE BANK
" ^ A I L M CORPORATIOII KYO¥JI BANK LIHITED
HING BANK LIMITED 狀 INTERNATIONAL LIMITED i;sY;rBASsrBa>。r 船 K 咖
M E L L O N BANK NA
M I T S U B I S H I BANK LIMITED H I T S U I BANK LIMITED M O T O R O L A SEMICONDUCTOR ( HK ) LIMITED W A H Y A N C COMMERCIAL BAMK LIMITED N A T I O K A L BANK OF �KUSThM
N A T I O N A L COMMERCIAL BANK LIMITED
«
123
I'lge Mo. 2 02/15/90
LIST OF COMPANIES OF A GROUP OF GENERAL COMPUTEJL PROFESSLOKALS
P O V I D E D BY A LOCAL S O M F A R E DEALER • * S S S S mZ s s ** • ^ • • ^ 一 一 •葡.
= : = = 二 : = = 二 s = 2 I
COMPANY HAHES
NATIONAL V E S T M I N I M R BANK PLC
JRN^F^IJ^!!!^^ BWFL OF NORTH CAROLINA
NIDDDfSTANDSBANK MV ^LLLTL^.L ; 卵 S E BANKING CORPORATION LTD OVERSEAS TRUST BAXK LIMITED ^ E R S E A S UNION BJUTK LIMITED
M T L I P I N E NATIOKAL BANK POLAROID FE LIMITED TJ^IKIER INTERNATIONAL BANK if〖l!fLJ[。t!ATIONAL BANK OF NEV YORK ,OYAL BANK OF CANADA W M BAXK OR SCOTLAND PLC SAITMIA BANK LIMITED SAIFVA BANK LIMITED
fi愁T INCORPOATION SBUI OH GKOlfp
Ji S If iJ BONG lO^Q�united silr! ‘ COMMERCIAL BANK ? ? 的 R 町 賈 C LIMITED STANDARD CHARTERED BANK STATE BANK OF INDIA NUMITOMO BANK LIMITED SS llTr 沪讽咖 P A N Y LIMITED !^ 以I AND COMPANY LIMITED ^Y* HUHC K M BANK LIMITED SUK HUNG KAI SECUIITIES BAUr
mil technologiSTiSLS K SIRISS BAKK CORPOmiOlf
SANG BAHK LINITCD T A I Y O KOBE BANK LIMITED I^SJ^I^ION BROADCASTS LIMITED T E X V O O D LIMITED
BANK OR CANTO*. LIMITED R ^ M COMPANY U M ? T E D
T H E FUJI BAKK LIMITED I I I J;^I^OJJ? SOYA BEAN PRODUCTS CO LTD T H E KA WAH BAKK LIMITED
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• 124
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VESTDUTCHE LANDES BANK VING HANG BANK LIMITED VING LUNG BANK LIMITED VING ON BANK LIMITED YASUDA TRUST AND BANKING COMMERCIAL LTD YIEN YIEH COMMERCIAL BANK LIMITED
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Periodicals
1. "Looking for the right LANs" Asian Computer Monthly
November 1989:42.
2. "Year of the LAN" LAN Magazine May 1989:82.
3. "Getting to Grips with LANs" Hong Kona Computer
Journal.
Books
4. Uma Sekaran. Research Methods for Managers - A skill Building Approach. John Wiley & Sons 1984.