ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would take this opportunity to thank all the people for having helped me with this project right from its inception. The writing of this project has been one of the significant academic challenges I have faced and without the support, patience, and guidance of the people involved, this task would not have been completed. It is to them I owe my deepest gratitude. It gives me immense pleasure in presenting this project report on "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MUTUAL FUNDS". It has been my privilege to have a team of project guide who have assisted me from the commencement of this project. The success of this project is a result of sheer hard work, and determination put in by me with the help of my project guide. I hereby take this opportunity to add a special note of thanks for Mr. V.KIRAN KUMAR, who motivated me till the completion of the project. I would also like to thank IIPM Management for having given me this opportunity to indulge in this project. I would like to thank everyone who was directly or indirectly involved in this project. SOMA PAVAN KUMAR Page 1
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would take this opportunity to thank all the people for having helped me with this
project right from its inception. The writing of this project has been one of the significant
academic challenges I have faced and without the support, patience, and guidance of the people
involved, this task would not have been completed. It is to them I owe my deepest gratitude.
It gives me immense pleasure in presenting this project report on "COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS OF MUTUAL FUNDS". It has been my privilege to have a team of project guide
who have assisted me from the commencement of this project. The success of this project is a
result of sheer hard work, and determination put in by me with the help of my project guide. I
hereby take this opportunity to add a special note of thanks for Mr. V.KIRAN KUMAR, who
motivated me till the completion of the project.
I would also like to thank IIPM Management for having given me this opportunity to
indulge in this project. I would like to thank everyone who was directly or indirectly involved in
this project.
SOMA PAVAN KUMAR
Page 1
UNDERTAKING
I hereby profess that this internship report entitled "A Comparative Analysis Of
Mutual Funds" composed for partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of
Business Administration, is my original work and has not been presented for the award of any
other Degree/Diploma or any other similarities of any other University/Institution.
SOMA PAVAN KUMAR
Page 2
INDEX
SR.NO. TOPICS PAGE NO
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4
2. INDUSTRY PROFILE 6
3. INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC 9
4. THEORETICAL OVERVIEW 12
5. AIM OF THE PROJECT 27
6. HYPOTHESIS 28
7. ANALYSIS 30
8. CONCLUSION 41
9. RECOMMENDATIONS 42
10. BIBLOGRAPHY 43
11. ANNEXURES 44
Page 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In few years Mutual Fund has emerged as a tool for ensuring one’s financial well being.
Mutual Funds have not only contributed to the India growth story but have also helped families
tap into the success of Indian Industry. As information and awareness is rising more and more
people are enjoying the benefits of investing in mutual funds. The main reason the number of
retail mutual fund investors remains small is that nine in ten people with incomes in India do not
know that mutual funds exist. But once people are aware of mutual fund investment
opportunities, the number who decide to invest in mutual funds increases to as many as one in
five people. The trick for converting a person with no knowledge of mutual funds to a new
Mutual Fund customer is to understand which of the potential investors are more likely to buy
mutual funds and to use the right arguments in the sales process that customers will accept as
important and relevant to their decision.
The analysis and suggestions presented in this Project Report is based on market research
on the saving and investment practices of the investors and preferences of the investors for
investment in Mutual Funds. This Report will help to know about the investors’ Preferences in
Mutual Fund such as,
Their preference of any particular Asset Management Company (AMC)
Which type of Product they prefer
Which Option (Growth or Dividend) they prefer
Which Investment Strategy they follow (Systematic Investment Plan or One time Plan).
This Project as a whole can be divided into two parts.
The first part gives an insight about Mutual Fund and its various aspects, the Company
Profile, Objectives of the study, Research Methodology. One can have a brief knowledge about
Mutual Fund and its basics through the Project.
Page 4
The second part of the Project consists of data and its analysis collected through survey
done on sample size. For the collection of Primary data, questionnaire is prepared and surveyed
on sample size. The maximum knowledge is gained from CD Equisearch pvt. Ltd. and also from
the AMC (HDFC or ICICI Prudential) in Hyderabad. The study is also done about the products
and strategies of other AMCs in Hyderabad to know why people prefer to invest in those AMCs.
This Project covers the topic “THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MUTUAL FUNDS.”
The data collected has been well organized and presented.
Page 5
COMPANY PROFILE
CD EQUISEARCH PVT LTD
ABOUT CD EQUISEARCH
CD Equisearch is one of the leading brokerage houses with a strong presence in the
institution and HNI broking segment
With over 30 years of experience, one could be sure of the best in class research, operations,
backend support and above all, a name which inspires trust. At CD Equisearch, the emphasis
is on transparent and clean dealings. This has earned it the goodwill. This quality has stood
the test of time and has helped it secure business from all quarters.
At CD Equisearch, business is conducted by building long term relationships with the clients
and associates by laying emphasis on ethical and clean dealings. Here, people practice the
gentle art of finance with professionalism, skill and transparency.
Continued growth which is so essential in today’s fast paced and ever changing capital
market has been a constant feature at CD Equisearch. With an eye on the future and in
keeping with the changing times, CD Equisearch has earned the investor's goodwill over the
years.
Page 6
After having a track record of servicing Institutions and HNIs for over 3 decades, CD is
planning to foray into the growing retail segment in a big way. It has a plan to expand across
the geography with a wide network of its regional offices, branches, franchisees and sub-
brokers. It would be offering a complete basket in financial services. It is aiming to be one
amongst the top ten broking houses in India by 2014.
MISSION & VISION
CD Equisearch is passionate about providing friendly customer services on the greens of the
investing world. Following the highest standards of ethics is entrenched in the DNA of CD
Equisearch.
At CD Equisearch, the selection and recommendations of wealth creating opportunities are
primarily based on the 3C principle:
1. Conservation of capital
2. Consistent growth in value of investment over a period of time
3. Continual cash inflow through handsome dividends
GUIDING PRINCIPLESCD Equisearch believes that being on par in terms of price and quality only satisfies the
customer. It is the customized service, which delights. The core values, which drive CD
Equisearch to exceed customer service expectations, are:
TRUST
TRANSPARENCY
THOUGHT LEADERSHIP
CD believes that abiding by these values for over more than the past three decades has helped
it earn the goodwill that it enjoys today.
Page 7
CD GROUP
CD Equisearch Pvt Ltd
Capital Market Services
Institutional Equity Services
Retail Financial Products
Private & Premier Client Group Services
Financial Planning Group Services
CD Commosearch Pvt Ltd
Commodity Broking Services
MCX and NCDEX Exchanges
CD Equifinance Pvt Ltd
Providing Loans Against Shares (LAS)
IPO / FPO Financing
CD Equiholding Pvt Ltd
Distribution of Third Party Products
SERVICES PROVIDED
Private Wealth Management
Institutional Equities
Private & Premier Client Group
Retail Client Group
Financial Planning Group
NRI Services
Page 8
INTRODUCTION TO MUTUAL FUNDS
A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a
common financial goal. The money thus collected is invested by the fund manager in different
types of securities depending upon the objective of the scheme.
These could range from shares to debentures to money market instruments. The income earned
through these investments and the capital appreciation realized by the scheme are shared by its
unit holders in proportion to the number of units owned by them (pro rata).
Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man as it offers an
opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed portfolio at a relatively low cost.
Anybody with an investible surplus of as little as a few thousand rupees can invest in Mutual
Funds.
Each Mutual Fund scheme has a defined investment objective and strategy mutual fund is
the ideal investment vehicle for today’s complex and modern financial scenario. Markets for
equity shares, bonds and other fixed income instruments, real estate, derivatives and other assets
have become mature and information driven. Price changes in these assets are driven by global
events occurring in faraway places.
A typical individual is unlikely to have the knowledge, skills, inclination and time to keep
track of events, understand their implications and act speedily. An individual also finds it
difficult to keep track of ownership of his assets, investments, brokerage dues and bank
transactions etc.
Draft offer document is to be prepared at the time of launching the fund. Typically, it pre
specifies the investment objectives of the fund, the risk associated, the costs involved in the
process and the broad rules for entry into and exit from the fund and other areas of operation. In
India, as in most countries, these sponsors need approval from a regulator, SEBI (Securities
exchange Board of India) in our case. SEBI looks at track records of the sponsor and its financial
strength in granting approval to the fund for commencing operations.
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A sponsor then hires an asset management company to invest the funds according to the
investment objective. It also hires another entity to be the custodian of the assets of the fund and
perhaps a third one to handle registry work for the unit holders (subscribers) of the fund.
In the Indian context, the sponsors promote the Asset Management Company also, in
which it holds a majority stake. In many cases a sponsor can hold a 100% stake in the Asset
Management Company (AMC). E.g. Birla Global Finance is the sponsor of the Birla Sun Life
Asset Management Company Ltd., which has floated different mutual funds schemes and also
acts as an asset manager for the funds collected under the schemes.
Development of the Global Mutual Funds Industry
Structural changes in the global economic environment have, over the year, led to the
emerged of a strong market economy and facilitated the growth of the mutual fund industry,
particularly since the 1980s’. A market economy depends more on growth led by the stock
market than by bank finance. Since the mutual fund industry is a strong pillar of the stock market
system, it got a boost with the emergence of a strong market economy. Mutual funds found
increasing acceptance also because they have the capacity to absorb the instability and
uncertainties that characterize the stock market system. The rise in inflation, reduction in real
interest and growing complexities in the market provide tremendous opportunities to mutual
funds. For these reasons, mutual fund industry began to thrive well particularly during the 1990s’
in not only the developed countries, but the newly industrialized and developing countries as
well.
The immediate boos to mutual fund, however, was provided by the prolonged economic
boom in the US, which fuelled dynamic growth in the stock market, and consequently in the
mutual fund industry. In India too, the growth of the stock market in the early 1990s, gave rise to
unprecedented growth in the mutual fund industry.
Growth was unprecedented in the 1990s, with the total increasing from US$4156451 million in
1993 to US$7651618 million in 1998. While the assets of the U.S. and non-U.S. mutual funds
were 49.8% and 51.2%, respectively, in 1993 they amounted to 63.9% and 36.1% respectively.
During the same period, the assets of open ended mutual funds worldwide grew by 17% p.a. The
growth of asset of non US mutual funds, however was much lower.
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In terms of the open ended mutual fund investment companies worldwide, with an
unprecedented rise from 24474 in 1993 to 35424 in 1996. However the number decline
marginally to 31570 in 1998.
The rising trend continued in the US though, with the number increasing from 4537 in 1993 to
6254 in 1996 and to 7248 in 1998. commensurately, the share of US increased from 18.5% to
77%.
The top five countries in terms of the open ended mutual funds in 1998 US, France, Japan,
Spain, and UK.
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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
ORIGIN OF MUTUAL FUND INVESTING:- When three Boston Securities executives pooled their money together in 1924 to create
the first mutual fund, they have no idea how popular mutual funds would become. The idea of
pooling money for investing purposes started in Europe in mid 1800s. The first pooled in the US
was created in 1893 for the faculty and staff of Harvard University. On March 21st, 1924 the
first official mutual fund was born. It was called the Massachusetts Investors Trust. After one
year the Massachusetts Investor Trust grew from $ 50000 in assets to 3, 92,000 in assets (with
around 200 share holders). In contrast there are more than 10000 mutual funds in US today
totaling around $7 trillion (with approximately 83 million individual investors) according to the
Investment Company Institute.
Concept of Mutual Funds: A Mutual Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a
common financial goal. The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments
such as shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned through these investments
and the capital appreciation realized are shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of
units owned by them. Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common man
as it offers an opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities
at a relatively low cost. The flow chart below describes broadly the working of a mutual fund:
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Organization of Mutual Funds in India:- There are many entities involved and the diagram below illustrates the organizational set
up of a mutual fund:
Organization of a Mutual Fund
A Mutual Fund is set up in the form of trust, which has sponsor, trustees, asset management
company (AMC), and custodian. The trust is established by sponsor or more than one sponsor
who is like a promoter of company. The trustee of mutual fund holds its property for the benefit
of unit holders. Asset Management Company (AMC) approved by SEBI manages the funds by
making investments in various types of securities. Custodian, who registered with SEBI, holds
the securities of the fund in its custody. The trustees are vested with the general power of
superintendence and direction over AMC. They monitor the performance and compliance of
SEBI regulations by mutual fund.
SEBI regulations required that at least two thirds of the directors of trustee company or board of
trustees must be independent i.e. they should not be associated with sponsors. Also, 50% of the
directors of the AMC must be independent. All mutual funds are required to be registered with
SEBI before they launch their schemes.
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Mutual Funds Industry in India:- The origin of mutual fund industry in India is with the introduction of the concept of
mutual fund by UTI in the year 1963. Though the growth was slow, but it accelerated from the
year 1987 when non-UTI players entered the industry.
In the past decade, Indian mutual fund industry had seen dramatic improvements, both
quality wise as well as quantity wise. Before, the monopoly of the market had seen an ending
phase; the Assets Under Management (AUM) was Rs. 67bn. The private sector entry to the fund
family raised the AUM to Rs. 470 bn in March 1993 and till April 2004; it reached the height of
1,540 bn.
Putting the AUM of the Indian Mutual Funds Industry into comparison, the total of it is
less than the deposits of SBI alone, constitute less than 11% of the total deposits held by the
Indian banking industry.
The main reason of its poor growth is that the mutual fund industry in India is new in the
country. Large sections of Indian investors are yet to be intellectuated with the concept. Hence, it
is the prime responsibility of all mutual fund companies, to market the product correctly abreast
of selling.
The mutual fund industry can be broadly put into four phases according to the
development of the sector. Each phase is briefly described as under.
Types of Mutual FundsMutual fund schemes may be classified on the basis of its structure and its investment objective.
By Structure:
Open-ended Funds
An open-end fund is one that is available for subscription all through the year. These do not have
a fixed maturity. Investors can conveniently buy and sell units at Net Asset Value ("NAV")
related prices. The key feature of open-end schemes is liquidity.
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Closed-ended Funds
A closed-end fund has a stipulated maturity period which generally ranging from 3 to 15 years.
The fund is open for subscription only during a specified period. Investors can invest in the
scheme at the time of the initial public issue and thereafter they can buy or sell the units of the
scheme on the stock exchanges where they are listed. In order to provide an exit route to the
investors, some close-ended funds give an option of selling back the units to the Mutual Fund
through periodic repurchase at NAV related prices. SEBI Regulations stipulate that at least one
of the two exit routes is provided to the investor.
Interval Funds
Interval funds combine the features of open-ended and close-ended schemes. They are open for
sale or redemption during pre-determined intervals at NAV related prices.
By Investment Objective:Growth Funds:
The aim of growth funds is to provide capital appreciation over the medium to long- term. Such
schemes normally invest a majority of their corpus in equities. It has been proven that returns
from stocks, have outperformed most other kind of investments held over the long term. Growth
schemes are ideal for investors having a long-term outlook seeking growth over a period of time.
Income Funds:
The aim of income funds is to provide regular and steady income to investors. Such schemes
generally invest in fixed income securities such as bonds, corporate debentures and Government
securities. Income Funds are ideal for capital stability and regular income.
Balanced Funds:
The aim of balanced funds is to provide both growth and regular income. Such schemes
periodically distribute a part of their earning and invest both in equities and fixed income
securities in the proportion indicated in their offer documents. In a rising stock market, the NAV
of these schemes may not normally keep pace, or fall equally when the market falls. These are
ideal for investors looking for a combination of income and moderate growth.
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Money Market Funds
The aim of money market funds is to provide easy liquidity, preservation of Capital and
moderate income. These schemes generally invest in safer short-term instruments such as
treasury bills, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and interbank call money. Returns on
these schemes may fluctuate depending upon the interest rates prevailing in the market. These
are ideal for Corporate and individual investors as a means to park their surplus funds for short
periods.
Load Funds:
A Load Fund is one that charges a commission for entry or exit. That is, each time you buy or
sell units in the fund, a commission will be payable. Typically entry and exit loads range from
1% to 2%. It could be worth paying the load, if the fund has a good performance history.
No-Load Funds:
A No-Load Fund is one that does not charge a commission for entry or exit. That is, no
commission is payable on purchase or sale of units in the fund. The advantage of a no load fund
is that the entire corpus is put to work.
Other Schemes:
Tax Saving Schemes:
These schemes offer tax rebates to the investors under specific provisions of the Indian Income
Tax laws as the Government offers tax incentives for investment in specified avenues
Investments made in Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS) and Pension Schemes are allowed
as deduction u/s 88 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Act also provides opportunities to
investors to save capital gains u/s 54EA and 54EB by investing in Mutual Funds, provided the
capital asset has been sold prior to April 1, 2000 and the amount is invested before September
30, 2000.
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Special Schemes:
Industry Specific Schemes:
Industry Specific Schemes invest only in the industries specified in the offer document.The
investment of these funds is limited specific industries like InfoTech, FMCG, Pharmaceuticals
etc.
Index Schemes:
Index Funds attempt to replicate the performance of a particular index such as the BSE Sensex or
the NSE 50.
Sectoral Schemes:
Sectoral Funds are those, which invest exclusively in a specified industry or a group of industries
or various segments such as 'A' Group shares or initial public offerings.
Advantages of Mutual Funds:The advantages of investing in a Mutual Fund are:
Diversification: The best mutual funds design their portfolios so individual investments
will react differently to the same economic conditions. For example, economic conditions
like a rise in interest rates may cause certain securities in a diversified portfolio to decrease in
value. Other securities in the portfolio will respond to the same economic conditions by
increasing in value. When a portfolio is balanced in this way, the value of the overall
portfolio should gradually increase over time, even if some securities lose value.
Professional Management: Most mutual funds pay topflight professionals to manage
their investments. These managers decide what securities the fund will buy and sell.
Regulatory oversight: Mutual funds are subject to many government regulations that
protect investors from fraud.
Liquidity: It's easy to get your money out of a mutual fund. Write a check, make a call,
and you've got the cash.
Convenience: You can usually buy mutual fund shares by mail, phone, or over the
Internet.
Low cost: Mutual fund expenses are often no more than 1.5 percent of your investment.
Expenses for Index Funds are less than that, because index funds are not actively managed.
Instead, they automatically buy stock in companies that are listed on a specific index
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Phases of mutual funds
First Phase - 1964-87:- Unit Trust of India (UTI) was established on 1963 by an Act of Parliament. It was set up
by the Reserve Bank of India and functioned under the Regulatory and administrative control of
the Reserve Bank of India. In 1978 UTI was de-linked from the RBI and the Industrial
Development Bank of India (IDBI) took over the regulatory and administrative control in place
of RBI. The first scheme launched by UTI was Unit Scheme 1964. At the end of 1988 UTI had
Rs.6,700 crores of assets under management.
Second Phase - 1987-1993 (Entry of Public Sector Funds)
Entry of non-UTI mutual funds. SBI Mutual Fund was the first followed by Canbank
Mutual Fund (Dec 87), Punjab National Bank Mutual Fund (Aug 89), Indian Bank Mutual Fund
(Nov 89), Bank of India (Jun 90), Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund (Oct 92). LIC in 1989 and GIC
in 1990. The end of 1993 marked Rs.47,004 as assets under management.
Third Phase - 1993-2003 (Entry of Private Sector Funds) With the entry of private sector funds in 1993, a new era started in the Indian mutual
fund industry, giving the Indian investors a wider choice of fund families. Also, 1993 was the
year in which the first Mutual Fund Regulations came into being, under which all mutual funds,
except UTI were to be registered and governed. The erstwhile Kothari Pioneer (now merged with
Franklin Templeton) was the first private sector mutual fund registered in July 1993.
The 1993 SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations were substituted by a more comprehensive
and revised Mutual Fund Regulations in 1996. The industry now functions under the SEBI
(Mutual Fund) Regulations 1996. The number of mutual fund houses went on increasing, with
many foreign mutual funds setting up funds in India and also the industry has witnessed several
mergers and acquisitions. As at the end of January 2003, there were 33 mutual funds with total
assets of Rs. 1, 21,805 crores. The Unit Trust of India with Rs.44, 541 crores of assets under
management was way ahead of other mutual funds.
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Fourth Phase - since February 2003 This phase had bitter experience for UTI. It was bifurcated into two separate entities.
One is the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India with AUM of Rs.29,835 crores (as
on January 2003). The Specified Undertaking of Unit Trust of India, functioning under an
administrator and under the rules framed by Government of India and does not come under the
purview of the Mutual Fund Regulations. The second is the UTI Mutual Fund Ltd, sponsored by
SBI, PNB, BOB and LIC. It is registered with SEBI and functions under the Mutual Fund
Regulations. With the bifurcation of the erstwhile UTI which had in March 2000 more than
Rs.76,000 crores of AUM and with the setting up of a UTI Mutual Fund, conforming to the SEBI
Mutual Fund Regulations, and with recent mergers taking place among different private sector
funds, the mutual fund industry has entered its current phase of consolidation and growth.
Performance of Mutual Funds in India:-
Let us start the discussion of the performance of mutual funds in India from the day the concept
of mutual fund took birth in India. The year was 1963. Unit Trust of India invited investors or
rather to those who believed in savings, to park their money in UTI Mutual Fund.
For 30 years there was not a single second player. Though the 1988 year saw some new mutual
fund companies, but UTI remained in a monopoly position.
The performance of mutual funds in India in the initial phase was not even closer to satisfactory
level. People rarely understood, and of course investing was out of question. But yes, some 24
million shareholders were accustomed with guaranteed high returns by the beginning of
liberalization of the industry in 1992. This good record of UTI became marketing tool for new
entrants. The expectations of investors touched the sky in profitability factor. However, people
were miles away from the preparedness of risks factor after the liberalization.
The Assets Under Management of UTI was Rs. 67bn. by the end of 1987. Let me concentrate
about the performance of mutual funds in India through figures. From Rs. 67bn. the Assets
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Under Management rose to Rs. 470 bn. in March 1993 and the figure had a three times higher
performance by April 2004. It rose as high as Rs. 1,540bn.
The net asset value (NAV) of mutual funds in India declined when stock prices started falling in
the year 1992. Those days, the market regulations did not allow portfolio shifts into alternative
investments. There was rather no choice apart from holding the cash or to further continue
investing in shares. One more thing to be noted, since only closed-end funds were floated in the
market, the investors disinvested by selling at a loss in the secondary market.
The performance of mutual funds in India suffered qualitatively. The 1992 stock market scandal,
the losses by disinvestments and of course the lack of transparent rules in the whereabouts
rocked confidence among the investors. Partly owing to a relatively weak stock market
performance, mutual funds have not yet recovered, with funds trading at an average discount of
1020 percent of their net asset value.
The supervisory authority adopted a set of measures to create a transparent and competitive
environment in mutual funds. Some of them were like relaxing investment restrictions into the
market, introduction of open-ended funds, and paving the gateway for mutual funds to launch
pension schemes.
The measure was taken to make mutual funds the key instrument for long-term saving. The more
the variety offered, the quantitative will be investors.
At last to mention, as long as mutual fund companies are performing with lower risks and higher
profitability within a short span of time, more and more people will be inclined to invest until
and unless they are fully educated with the dos and don’ts of mutual funds.
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LIMITATION OF MUTUAL FUND INVESTMENT
1. No Control Over Cost:
An Investor in mutual fund has no control over the overall costs of investing. He pays an
investment management fee (which is a percentage of his investments) as long as he remains
invested in fund, whether the fund value is rising or declining. He also has to pay fund
distribution costs, which he would not incur in direct investing. However this only means that
there is a cost to obtain the benefits of mutual fund services. This cost is often less than the cost
of direct investing.
2. No Tailor-Made Portfolios:
Investing through mutual funds means delegation of the decision of portfolio composition
to the fund managers. The very high net worth individuals or large corporate investors may find
this to be a constraint in achieving their objectives. However, most mutual funds help investors
overcome this constraint by offering large no. of schemes within the same fund.
3. Managing A Portfolio Of Funds:
Availability of large no. of funds can actually mean too much choice for the investors. He
may again need advice on how to select a fund to achieve his objectives. AMFI has taken
initiative in this regard by starting a training and certification program for prospective Mutual
Fund Advisors. SEBI has made this certification compulsory for every mutual fund advisor
interested in selling mutual fund.
a. Taxes: During a typical year, most actively managed mutual funds sell anywhere from
20 to 70 percent of the securities in their portfolios. If your fund makes a profit on its sales, you
will pay taxes on the income you receive, even if you reinvest the money you made
b. Cost of Churn: The portfolio of fund does not remain constant. The extent to which
the portfolio changes is a function of the style of the individual fund manager i.e. whether
he is a buy and hold type of manager or one who aggressively churns the fund. It is also
dependent on the volatility of the fund size i.e. whether the fund constantly receives fresh
subscriptions and redemptions. Such portfolio changes have associated costs of
brokerage, custody fees etc. that lowers the portfolio return commensurately.
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MUTUAL FUND BEST PRCTICES THE PRACTICE OF “RESTFUL”Risk- Reward Relationship:
A clear and direct relationship of risk with reward has to be developed and the concept instilled
in the mind of the investor, and this is the basis of all classification of Mutual Fund.
Ease of Business:
The business of Mutual Fund is not an easy one. It is easy only for the ones who have either been
in the business for a long time, or for the people, institutions which have been in the investment
space for a long time and are willing to experiment and learn from their mistake, and can be
flexible.
Service:
The service provision ought to be flawless, for after all, Mutual Fund is a service, and the only
way the number of customers can be increased and the existing ones retained is by providing a
higher level of service, thereby increasing customer satisfaction.
Trust / Transparency:
A high level of transparency has to be built into the system of processes and investments in
Mutual Fund. This is of vital importance as the terms “Transparency” and “Trust”, in the case of
Mutual Funds is synonyms. Trust in the firm would come only with transparency. And with
Trust would come more business.
Fairness to Investors:
This, of course, is an offshoot of the previous point that we made. No business can survive unless
it is fair to the customer. However, what is important here is that it has to be made evidently
clear that the firm is actually being fair to its customers. Modesty doesn’t help, and this has to be
told to your customers so that they actually notice.
Utility:
The objective of the investment have to be always kept in mind while marketing Mutual Fund,
for if there is a deviation, its utility is lost, or the customers remain unsatisfied.
Liquidity:
This has again and again highlighted, for it the basic premise that most investors invest in Mutual
Fund only because of the high level of liquidity. There has to be a good market development for
your issue, so that there is a ready market available for them.
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MAJOR MUTUAL FUND COMPANIES IN INDIAABN AMRO MUTUAL FUND
ABN AMRO Mutual Fund was setup on April 15, 2004 with ABN AMRO Trustee (India) Pvt.
Ltd. as the Trustee Company. The AMC, ABN AMRO Asset Management (India) Ltd. was
incorporated on November 4, 2003. Deutsche Bank A G is the custodian of ABN AMRO Mutual
Fund.
BIRLA SUN LIFE MUTUAL FUND
Birla Sun Life Mutual Fund is the joint venture of Aditya Birla Group and Sun Life Financial.
Sun Life Financial is a global organization evolved in 1871 and is being represented in Canada,
the US, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia and Bermuda apart from India. Birla Sun life Mutual
Fund follows a conservative long-term approach to investment. Recently it crossed a AUM of
Rs.10,000 crores.
BANK OF BARODA MUTUAL FUND
Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund or BOB Mutual Fund was setup on October 30,1992 under the
sponsorship of Bank of Baroda. BOB Assets Management Company Limited is the AUM of
BOB Mutual Fund and was incorporated on November 5, 1992. Deutsche Bank AG is the
custodian.
HDFC MUTUAL FUND
HDFC Mutual Fund was setup on June 30, 2000 with two sponsors namely Housing
Development Finance Corporation Limited and Standard Life Investments Limited.
ING VYSYA MUTUAL FUND
ING Vysya Mutual Fund was setup on February 11, 1999 with the same named Trustee
Company. It is a joint venture of Vysya and ING. The AMC, ING Investment Management
(India) Pvt. Ltd. was incorporated on April 6, 1998.
PRUDENTIAL ICICI MUTUAL FUND
The mutual fund of ICICI is a joint venture with Prudential Plc. Of America, one of the largest
life insurance companies in the US of A. Prudential ICICI Mutual Fund was setup on 13
October, 1993 with two sponsors, Prudential Plc. and the AMC is Prudential ICICI Asset
Management Company Limited incorporated on 22 June, 1993.
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SAHARA MUTUAL FUND
Sahara Mutual Fund was setup on July 18, 1996 with Sahara India financial Corporation Ltd. as
the sponsor. Sahara Assets Management Company Private Limited incorporated on August 31,
1995 works as the AMC of Sahara Mutual Fund. The paid up capital of the AMC stands at
Rs.25.8 crore.
STATE BANK OF INDIA MUTUAL FUND
State Bank of India Mutual Fund is the first Bank sponsored Mutual Fund to launch offshore
fund, the India Magnum Fund with a corpus of Rs.225 crore approximately. Today it is the
largest Bank sponsored Mutual Fund in India. They already launched 35 schemes out of which
15 have already yield handsome returns to investors. State Bank of India Mutual Fund has more
than Rs.5,500 crores as AUM. Now it has an investor base of over 8 lakhs spread over 18
schemes.
TATA MUTUAL FUND
TATA Mutual Fund is a Trust under the Indian Trust Act, 1882. the sponsors for Tata Mutual
Fund are Tata Sons Ltd., and Tata Investment Corporation Ltd. The investment manager is Tata
management Limited is one of the fastest in the country with more than Rs.7,703 Crore(as on
2005) of AUM.
KOTAK MAHINDRA ASSTE MANAGEMENT COMPANY
Kotak Mahindra Asset Management Company is a subsidiary of KMBL. It is presently having
more than 1, 99,818 investors in its various schemes. KMAMC stared its operations in December
1998. Kotak Mahindra Mutual Fund offers schemes catering to investors with varying risk return
profiles. It was the first company to launch to dedicated gilt scheme investing only in
government securities.
UNIT TRUST OF INDIA MUTUAL FUND
UTI Asset Management Company Private Limited, established in Jan 24, 2003 manages the UTI
Mutual Fund with the support of UTI Trustee Company Private Limited. UTI Asset Management
Company presently manages a corpus of over Rs.20,000 crore. The sponsors of UTI Mutual
Fund are Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank,
State Bank of India, and Life Insurance Corporation of India. The schemes of UTI
Mutual Fund is Liquid Funds, assets Management Funds, Index Funds and Balanced
Funds.
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RELIANCE MUTUAL FUND
Reliance Mutual Fund was established as trust under Indian Trusts Act, 1882.The sponsor of
RMF is Reliance Capital Limited and Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited is the Trustee. It was
registered on June 30, 1995 as Reliance Mutual Fund which was changed on March 11, 2004.
Reliance Mutual Fund was formed for launching of various schemes under which, units are
issued to the public with a view to contribute to the capital market and to provide investors the
opportunities to make investments in diversified securities.
STANDARD CHARTERED MUTUAL FUND
Standard Chartered Mutual Fund was setup on March 13, 2000 sponsored by Standard Chartered
Bank. The Trustee is Standard Chartered Trustee Company Pvt. Ltd. Standard Chartered Asset
Management Company Pvt. Ltd is the AMC which was incorporated with SEBI on December
20, 1999.
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON MUTUAL FUND
The group, Franklin Templeton investment is a California based company with a global AUM of
US $409.2(as on 2005). It is one of the largest financial service group in the world. Investors can
buy or sell the Mutual Fund through their financial advisor or through mail or through their
website. They have open end Diversified Equity schemes, Open end Sector Equity schemes,
Open end Hybrid schemes, Open end tax saving schemes, Open end income and liquid schemes,
Closed end Income schemes and Open end Fund of Funds schemes to offer.
MORGAN STANLEY MUTUAL FUND
Morgan Stanley is a world wide financial services company and its leading in the market in
securities, investment management and credit services. Morgan Stanley investment management
was established in the year 1975. it provides customized asset management services and products
to governments, corporations, pension funds and nonprofit organizations. Its services are also
extending to high net worth individuals and retail investors. In India it is known as Morgan
Stanley investment management Private Ltd. and its AMC is Morgan Stanley Mutual Fund. This
is the first closed end diversified equity scheme serving the needs of Indian retail investors
focusing on the long term capital appreciation.
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ESCORT MUTUAL FUNDS
Escort Mutual Funds was set up on April 15th, 1996 with Escorts Finance Ltd. as its sponsor.
The Trustee Company is Escorts Investments Trust Ltd.. its AMC was incorporated on Dec1st,
95 with the name Escorts Asset Management Ltd.
ALLAINCE CAPITAL MUTUAL FUND
Allaince Capital Mutual Fund was set up on December 30, 1994 with Alliance Capital
Management Corp. of Delaware (USA) as sponsor. The Trustee is ACAM Trust Company Pvt.
Ltd. and AMC, the Alliance Capital Asset Management India Pvt. Ltd. with the corporate office
in Mumbai.
BENCHMARK MUTUAL FUND
Benchmark Mutual Fund was setup on June 12, 2001 with Niche Financial Services Pvt. Ltd. as
the sponsor and Benchmark Trustee Company Pvt. Ltd. as the trustee Company. incorporated on
October 16, 2000 and headquartered in Mumbai, Benchmark Assets Management Company Pvt.
Ltd. is the AMC.
CAN BANK MUTUAL FUND
Can Bank Mutual Fund was setup on December 19, 1987 with Canara Bank acting as the
sponsor. Canara bank investment Management Service Ltd. incorporated on March 2, 1993 is the
AMC. The Corporate Office of the AMC is in Mumbai.
CHOLA MUTUAL FUND
Chola Mutual Fund under the sponsorship of Cholamandalam Investment & Finance Company
Ltd. was setup on January 3, 1997. Cholamandalam Trustee Co. Ltd. Is the Trustee Company
and AMC is Cholamandalam AMC Limited.
LIC MUTUAL FUND
Life Insurance Corporation setup LIC Mutual Fund on 19th June 1989 in India. It contributed
Rs.2 crore towards the corpus of the Fund. LIC Mutual Fund was constituted as a trust in
accordance with the provisions of the Indian trust Act, 1882. The Company started its business
on 29th April 1994. The Trustees of LIC Mutual Fund have appointed Jeevan Bima Sahayog
Asset Management Company Ltd. as the Investment Managers for mutual fund.
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AIM OF THE PROJECT
To evaluate investment performance of selected mutual funds in terms of risk and
return.
Also to analyze the performance of mutual fund schemes on the basis of various
parameters.
Primarily to understand the basic concepts of Mutual fund and its benefits as
an investment avenue.
Secondly, to compare and evaluate the performance of different schemes of mutual
fund companies on the basis of risk, return and volatility.
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HYPOTHESIS
WHY SHOULD INVESTORS INVEST IN MUTUAL FUND?An investor avails of the service of experienced and skilled professionals who are backed by a
dedicated of companies and selects suitable investments to achieve the objectives of the schemes.
Mutual funds invest in a number of companies across a broad cross- section of industries and
sectors. This diversification reduces the risk because seldom do all the stocks decline at the same
time and in the same proportion. The investors achieve this diversification through a mutual fund
with far less money than you can do on our own. Investing in a mutual fund reduces paperwork
and helps an investor avoid many problems such as bad deliveries, delayed payments and
unnecessary follow.
Net Asset Value (NAV)
The net asset value of the fund is the cumulative market value of the assets fund net of its
liabilities. In other words, if the fund is dissolved or liquidated, by selling off all the assets in the
fund, this is the amount that the shareholders would collectively own. This gives rise to the
concept of net asset value per unit, which is the value, represented by the ownership of one unit
in the fund. It is calculated simply by dividing the net asset value of the fund by the number of
units. However, most people refer loosely to the NAV per unit as NAV, ignoring the "per unit".
We also abide by the same convention.
Calculation of NAV
The most important part of the calculation is the valuation of the assets owned by the fund. Once
it is calculated, the NAV is simply the net value of assets divided by the number of units
outstanding. The detailed methodology for the calculation of the asset value is given below.
Asset value is equal to Sum of market value of shares/debentures
+ Liquid assets/cash held, if any
+ Dividends/interest accrued
Amount due on unpaid assets
Expenses accrued but not paid
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MUTUAL FUNDS ON THE BASES OF
ALPHA, BETA AND STANDARD DEVIATION
ALPHA:-
Measures how much if any of the extra risk helped the fund outperform its corresponding
benchmark. Using beta, alpha's computation compares the fund's performance to that of the
benchmark's risk-adjusted returns and establishes if the fund's returns outperformed the market's,
given the same amount of risk. For example, if a fund has an alpha of 1, it means that the fund
outperformed the benchmark by 1%. Negative alphas are bad in that they indicate that the fund
under performed for the amount of extra, fund-specific risk that the fund's investors undertook.
BETA :-
Beta is useful statistical measure, which determines the volatility, or risk, of a fund in
comparison to that of its index or benchmark. A fund with a beta very close to 1 means the fund's
performance closely matches the index or benchmark. A beta greater than 1 indicates greater
volatility than the overall market, and a beta less than 1 indicates less volatility than the
benchmark.
STANDARD DEVIATION :-
The standard deviation essentially reports a fund's volatility, which indicates the tendency of the
returns to rise or fall drastically in a short period of time. A security that is volatile is also
considered higher risk because its performance may change quickly in either direction at any
moment. The standard deviation of a fund measures this risk by measuring the degree to which
the fund fluctuates in relation to its mean return.
ANNEXURE-I: Questionnaire designed to analyze Risk Profile of the Investor
The Risk Analyzer takes you through a series of scientifically designed multiple choice questions to understand your risk taking capacity and behavior and thereby arrive at an assessment of your risk profile. 1 Your age is :
Under 3030 – 4041 – 5051 – 6060 or over
2 Your current annual take-home income is :
Under Rs.100,000between Rs.100,000 and Re.200,000between Rs.200,000 and Re.500,000between Rs.500,000 and Re.10,00,000over Rs.10,00,000
3 The number of years you have until retirement is :
3 years or less3 to 5 years5 to 10 years10 to 15 years15 years or more
4 Your present job or business is :
Is not dependableIs relatively secureIs securedoesn't matter as you already have enough wealthdoesn't matter as you can easily find an equally good new job/career
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5 What is your expectation of how your future earnings would be :It would far outpace inflationIt would be somewhat ahead of inflationIt would keep pace with inflationIt may not be able to keep pace with inflation
6 How would you describe yourself as a risk-taker?
CarelessWilling to take risks for higher returnsCan take calculated riskslow risk taking capabilityextremely averse to risk
7 How good is your knowledge of finance?
I'm an expert in the field of financeI'm proficient in financeI don't know much about finance but I keep myself updated about the developments through newspapers, journals, TV, etc.Limited to knowing things like how the stock market or certain select script is / are movingI'm totally zero as far as knowledge of finance is concerned
8 If you lose your job or stop working today, how long do you think your savings can support you
less than 3 months3 - 6 months6 months to 1 year1 - 3 yearsMore than 3 years
9 If you had Rs.50,000 to invest, which of the following choices would you make ?
Put the money in Bank Fixed Deposit and BondsInvest the money in Mutual FundsInvest the money in SharesInvest in a combination of the above with higher proportion of Bank FDs and BondsInvest in a combination of the above with higher proportion of Mutual Funds and shares
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10 You have a market tip on the price appreciation of a certain scrip, you :Immediately invest in the scripInvest if you feel that the source of the tip is an experienced / expert market playerDo some enquiry and analysis and then decideWant to invest but are generally unable to take a decision in such casesYou don't rely on such tips or totally ignore it
11 You are on a TV game show and you win Rs.10,000. You have a choice to keep the money or risk it to win a higher amount. You :
Are happy with the Rs.10,000 that you've earned
Risk the Rs.10,000 on a 50% chance of winning Rs.30,000
Risk the Rs.10,000 on a 25% chance of winning Rs.75,000
Risk the Rs.10,000 on a 10% chance of winning Rs.1,00,000
12 Which one of the following best describes your feeling immediately after making an investment, you :
Are not bothered - its just another investment for you
Are satisfied and content with the decision
Are not very sure whether you made the right decision
Are worried
Generally regret your decision
13 The stock market has dropped 25% and a share that you own also dropped 25%, but the market expects the share to go up again. What would you do ?
Sell all the shares
Sell some of them
Buy more of them
Keep all of them as you expect the price to reach the earlier level
Keep all of them as you are afraid of booking a loss
14 You have a substantial sum of money spare for about 6 months after which you need this sum to
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repay a loan, this sum is currently not invested anywhere. You would: keep the money in your Bank Fixed Deposit or Open ended Debt Mutual Funds
invest the money in Open ended Equity Oriented Mutual Fund
invest the money in Equity Shares
loan the money at market rates to businessmen
invest the money in a combination of above
15 You are financially responsible for (exclude dependants who can be supported by your spouse's income)
only yourself.
1 person besides yourself
2 to 3 persons besides yourself
4 to 5 persons besides yourself
more than 5 persons besides yourself
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ANNXURE-II: KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER NORMS FOR MUTUAL FUND
COMPANY
Know Your Customer (KYC) norms for Mutual Funds
Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) came into effect from July 1, 2005 and
consequently SEBI mandated that all intermediaries (which includes Mutual Funds) should
formulate and implement a proper policy framework as per the guidelines on anti money
laundering measures and also adopt a Know your Customer (KYC) Policy. Your attention is
drawn to the addenda dated August 31, 2006, December 29, 2006, September 17, 2010,
December 10, 2010 and December 29,, 2011 issued by Asset Management Company Limited
(AMC) on PMLA.
Effective January 01, 2011 KYC compliance was made mandatory for all categories of
investors irrespective of the amount invested for the following transactions:
New / Additional Purchases
Switch Transactions,
New SIP/ STP/ Flex STP/ Flex Index/ DTP registrations.
Any SIP/STP/Trigger related products launched subsequently
Who all need to be KYC Compliant?
Any individual(s) or non-individual(s)
Guardian investing on behalf of minor.
Constituted as Power of Attorney (PoA) holder(s), in case of investments through PoA.
If an individual becomes an Investor due to an operation of law, e.g., transmission of units
upon death of an investor, the claimant / person(s) entering the Register of unit holders of the
Fund will be required to be KYC compliant before such transfer can take place.
NEW KYC Norms
SEBI vide Circular No. MIRSD/SE/Cir-21/2011 dated October 5, 2011, SEBI (KYC
Registration Agency) Regulations, 2011 and Circular No. MIRSD/ Cir-26/ 2011 dated December
23, 2011 has introduced the concept of KYC Registration Agency (KRA) for the purposes of a
unified KYC in the securities market.
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KRA shall send a letter to the investor within 10 working days of the receipt of the
initial/updated KYC documents from the Mutual Fund, confirming the details thereof. The KYC
done with us will be valid for all the SEBI registered intermediaries viz. Mutual Funds, Portfolio
Managers, Depository Participants, Stock Brokers, Venture Capital Funds, Collective Investment
Schemes, etc. Apart from KYC, it is mandatory for intermediaries including mutual funds to
carry out In-Person Verification (IPV) of all its new investors. The IPV carried out by any SEBI
registered intermediary can be relied upon by the Mutual Fund. AMFI certified distributors who
are KYD compliant are authorized to undertake the IPV for Mutual Fund investors. Further, in
case of any applications received directly (i.e. without being routed through the distributors)
from the investors, the Mutual Fund may rely upon the IPV (on the KYC Application Form)
performed by the scheduled commercial banks.
Procedure for KYC compliance
Investors (both individuals and non-individuals) intending to invest must meet certain mandatory
requirements in terms of establishing their proper identity and address. Applicants (including
new/ existing Unit-holders) will have to submit the following documents:
KYC Application Form duly completed by each applicant including joint Unit-holders
Documents evidencing Proof of Identity and Proof of Address*
* List of requisite KYC documents for individuals and non-individuals is mentioned in the
revised KYC Application Form.
These documents can be submitted at our Investor Service Centres (ISCs) and other
Intermediaries of KRA's as mandated by SEBI. Upon receipt and verification of the above
documents, a KYC acknowledgement will be issued to each applicant. Investor(s) must note
That KYC compliance is mandatory at the time of submission of each subscription request with
the designated Official Points of Acceptance.
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Important points to note for Investors :
1. Applications/transactions request will not be processed if the KYC requirements as applicable
on the date of investment are not complied.
2. Investors/ unit holders should further note that the above KYC norms may undergo changes
from time-to-time. Hence, investors/unit holders are requested to apprise themselves about KYC
applicability before submitting their applications/transactions.
ADDENDUM to the Statement of Additional Information/Key Information
Memorandum(s) of HDFC Mutual Fund
REVISION IN KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER (KYC) PROCEDURE
Pursuant to SEBI Circular No. MIRSD/ Cir-26/ 2011 dated December 23, 2011, SEBI (KYC
Registration Agency) Regulations, 2011 and SEBI Circular No. MIRSD/SE/Cir-21/2011 dated
October 5, 2011, regarding uniformity in the Know Your Customer (KYC) process in the
securities market and development of a mechanism for centralization of the KYC records to
avoid duplication of KYC Process across the intermediaries in the securities market, the
following changes were made to SAI/KIM of the Schemes:
1. SEBI has introduced a common KYC Application Form for all the SEBI registered