A participatory assessment of disease burden, morbidity and mortality from five priority livestock diseases in Nigeria

12/20/2012 1

A PARTICIPATORY ASSESSMENT OF DISEASE BURDEN,

MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM FIVE PRIORITY

LIVESTOCK DISEASES IN NIGERIA.

BY

DR MARIAT .O. SOLEYE

RESIDENT NFELTP

NIGERIA.

PAPER PRESENTED AT 1ST PENAPH WORKSHOP

CHAING MAI, THAILAND

11TH - 13TH, DECEMBER

2012

INTRODUCTION

• Livestock are asset to the poor and majority

kept in the rural sector of Nigeria

• Livestock are traditionally kept in 3 major

production system

• Highest number are kept by rural people in

semi intensive system

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INTRODUCTION…2

• Animal diseases of varying morbidity and mortality threatens the livestock sector in Nigeria

• Animal associated disease burden is controllable, preventable and treatable

• Disease burden is sum of direct cost of the disease

• PE gives an accurate estimates as it involves the producers directly

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INTRODUCTION

• Federal department of livestock prioritized six(6) diseases for control and eradication.

• They are

– Contagious Bovine pleuropneumonia

– African swine fever

– Highly pathogenic avian influenza

– Newcastle disease

– Foot and mouth disease

– Peste des petites ruminant

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OBJECTIVES

• Assess the impact of livestock diseases on

livelihood

• To make recommendations on the feasibility

of targeted interventions

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Methodology…1

• Participatory rapid assessment – used to

obtain information on epidemiology and

impact of the diseases

• Done in 4 agro ecological zones

– Sudan savannah (Kano state)

– Northern guinea savannah (Niger state)

– Sub-humid zone (Enugu state)

– Humid zone (Oyo state)

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MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING AGROECOLOGICAL

ZONES

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MAP OF NIGERIA SHOWING THE STATES IN THE

ECOLOGICAL ZONES

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Methodology…2

• A checklist was developed

• Questions and exercises were standardized

• Clinical case definitions were developed for

the 5 diseases

• Village was the unit of analysis

• Villages were selected non randomly

• Permission was sort from leaders

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Methodology…3

• Qualitative and quantitative information were

gathered using the following tools

a) Semi structured interview

b) Proportional piling

c) Simple ranking

d) Relative incidence scoring

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Methodology…4

• SSI was used to determine

– Livelihood activities

– Production challenges

– Production cost, control and treatment cost

Simple ranking was used to determine

– Order of importance of livestock kept in terms of

number and relative importance

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Methodology…5

• Proportional piling used to determine

– Importance of each disease in terms of prevalence

and economic importance

– Age distribution on herds and flocks

– Mortality rates by age

– Estimate annual livestock level

– Incidence and impact of livestock diseases

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Methodology…6

• Relative incidence scoring was used to

estimate

– Incidence of each disease in each spp over the last

year

– Case fatality, morbidity and mortality rates

All data gathered were fed into a spreadsheet model

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RESULTS…1

• Total of 56 interviews were done

– 18 in humid zones

– 21 in semi humid zones

– 10 in Northern guinea savannah

– 7 in Sudan savannah

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Results…2

Table 1: Mean number of women and men (+ standard deviation) participating in focus group

interviews in four agro-ecozones of Nigeria.

Total Survey Oyo/Lagos Kano Niger Enugu

Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male

1.4 (+2.0) 3.7 (+3.0)

2.1

(+2.5)

3.7

(+3.3)

0.0

(+0.0)

6.9

(+2.5)

2.0

(+2.2)

5.3

(+2.8)

0.9

(+1.6)

2.0

(+1.6)

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Results…3

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Total Survey Oyo/Lagos Kano Niger Enugu

Frequency of Livelihood Activities Practiced by Smallholder Farming Families in Four

Agro-ecozones of Nigeria

Livestock

Crops

Men's labor

Women's labor

Remittance

Other

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Results…4

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Total Survey (n=55) Oyo/Lagos (n=18) Kano (n=6) Niger (n=10) Enugu (n=21)

Av

era

ge

Sco

re

Importance of Livestock Species in Terms of Village Populations in Four Agro-ecozones in

Nigeria

Cattle (n=22)

Sheep (n=37)

Goats (n=39)

Pigs (n=19)

Chickens (n=47)

Ducks (n=8)

Turkeys (n=3)

Guinea Fowl (n=8)

Other (n=13)

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Results…5

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

CBPP tryps FMD GI parasites ectoparasites calf diarrhea Other

%

Relative Herd Incidence of Cattle Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro-

ecozones of Nigeria

Total Survey (n=20)

Oyo/Lagos (n=5)

Kano (n=5)

Niger (n=6)

Enugu (n=4)

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Results…6

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Total Survey Oyo/Lagos Kano Niger Enugu

Relative Impact on Livelihoods of Cattle Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro-

ecozones of Nigeria

CBPP (n=12)

tryps (n=14)

FMD (n=16)

GI parasites (n=5)

ectoparasites (n=4)

calf diarrhea (n=5)

Other (n=11)

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Results…9

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Total Survey (n=16) Oyo/Lagos (n=6) Niger (n=4) Enugu (n=6)

Frequency of Swine Production Challenges Faced by Smallholder Farming Families in

Three Agro-ecozones of Nigeria

feed

water

funds

disease

veterinary services

pharmaceuticals

taxes

genetics

Other

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Results…10

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

ASF tryps mange neonatal diarrhea GI parasites Other

%

Relative Herd Incidence of Swine Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro-

ecozones of Nigeria

Total Survey (n=15)

Oyo/Lagos (n=6)

Niger (n=3)

Enugu (n=6)

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Results…11

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

Total Survey Oyo/Lagos Niger Enugu

Relative Impact on Livelihoods of Swine Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in

Three Agro-ecozones of Nigeria

ASF (n=5)

tryps (n=3)

mange (n=12)

neonatal diarrhea (n=9)

GI parasites (n=10)

Other (n=5)

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Results…14

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0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Frequency of Shoat Production Challenges Faced by Smallholder Farming Families in

Four Agro-ecozones of Nigeria

Total Survey

Oyo/Lagos

Kano

Niger

Enugu

Results…15

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Results…17

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0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

Total Survey (n=21) Oyo/Lagos (n=7) Kano (n=2) Niger (n=7) Enugu (n=5)

%

Relative Flock Incidence of Chicken Diseases from May '09 - April '10 in Four Agro-

ecozones of Nigeria

NCD

Ectoparasites

pox

Other

Discussion…1

• Livestock keeping is practiced by all the

villages surveyed

• Nearly half reported sole livelihood support is

from farming

• This highlights the importance of farming to

livelihood and survival in rural Nigeria

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Discussion…2

• Regional variation in species ranking in terms of population exists

• Little regional variation in terms of impact on livelihood

• Chickens are the most numerous species kept

• Cattle make the greatest contribution to livelihood

• Pigs were not numerous but ranked 2nd most important

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Discussion…3

• Livestock diseases pose a critical challenge to production in 4 agro ecological zones

• FMD has high incidence in cattle in all regions

• ASF has the highest relative incidence in pigs

– Case fatality of100%

– Morbidity and mortality of 15%

PPR most occurring disease in small ruminants

Morbidity and mortality of 23% and 10% respectively, case fatality of 36- 94%

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Discussion…4

• Newcastle disease most occurring in poultry

• Morbidity of 51% and mortality of 31%

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Conclusion/Recommendation

• Farmers perception of importance of disease

is its effect on livelihood

• Assistance to farmers to overcome limitations

to production will contribute greatly to

improving livelihood

• Control of diseases should be a package

involving private and public sector

• Veterinary practice be closer to the farm level

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Acknowledgement

• Dr Chris Jost( International Livestock Research Institute)

• International Livestock Research Institute office, Ibadan, Nigeria

• International Livestock Research Institute research support group

• Drs Uju Okafor, Tinuke Ahamed, Waziri Musa, Ibrahim Musa and Ndahi Mwapu

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Thank you

for

listening

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