A LPINE TUNDRA E ARTH FORMATIONS. MAPS LOOK AT THE WORLD MAPS LABEL THE 7 CONTINENTS LABEL THE 3 MAJOR OCEANS.

ALPINE TUNDRAEARTH’ FORMATIONS

MAPS

LOOK AT THE WORLD MAPSLABEL THE 7 CONTINENTSLABEL THE 3 MAJOR OCEANS

PANGAEA MAP

WORK IN PARTNERS –PLACE THE 6 WORLD MAPS FROM OLDEST

TO NEWESTSHARE WITH ANOTHER GROUP OF

PARTNERS TO SEE IF YOU ARE CORRECTSUPPORT WHY YOU PLACED THEM IN THE

ORDER YOU HAVE TO YOUR NEW PARTNER GROUP

SHARE WITH CLASS

TECTONIC ACTIVITY MAP

ANALYZE THE MAPS OF VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES

1) Dots represent earthquakes 2) Red Triangles represent volcanic eruptions

o COMPOSITION NOTEBOOKS – Answer the following

o 1) Compare and Contrast the placement of the earthquakes and volcanoes (How are they the same, how are they different)

o 2) If there are any continents that have different locations of the earthquakes and volcanoes, identify where they are.

o 3) Explain why these may be different

PLATE TECTONICS MAP

TAKE THE PUZZLE PIECES AND GLUE THEM ON THE GIVEN PIECE OF PAPER 1) How many plates are on this map? 2) Explain how this relates to the continents….

COMPARE THE PLATES MAP TO THE MAP OF VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES 3) What do you notice about the location of the

volcanoes and earthquakes in relation to the location of the plates?

4) Use the information you learn from analyzing these maps to explain why there is volcanoes and earthquakes in the middle of the ocean.

PANGAEA

Scientists believe that the Earth once had a single landmass that broke into large pieces, which have since drifted apart.

This mass was called PANGAEA

CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY

Alfred Wegener was the first scientist to build a scientific case to support the CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY.

Evidence from FOSSILS, glacial deposits and other kinds of ROCK deposits found in continents separated by miles of ocean support that they were once joined together.

THE EARTH’S INTERIOR

In order to understand how the earth moves, we must review the layers of the earth.

The earth is made up of 4 layers.INNER COREOUTER COREMANTLECRUST

INNER CORE

Innermost layer of the earthMade of IRON and NICKELSOLID state of matter3200 – 4000 miles to the center800 miles thickReaches temperatures of 9032˚FMost DENSE layer3.25 million atmospheric pressure

OUTER CORE

Next to the inner core toward the Earth’s surface

Made of MOLTEN IRON and NickelLIQUID state of matter 1800 – 3200 miles from the surface1400 miles thick Reaches temperatures 4000˚ -

9032˚F 1.5 million atm

MANTLE

Layer beneath the crust Made of Silicon and OXYGENPLASTICITY state of matter Starts 20-40 miles down and goes to

1800 miles About 1800 miles thick1600˚ - 4000˚ F 1.5 million atm

Unified Science: Please get out your composition notebook AND your lab sheet from yesterday!!!

MAKE SURE YOU HAVE READING BOOKS!!!

GO GET THEM BEFORE BELL!!!!

Today: Sept 18Explain the different compositions of Earth’s Layers

PLASTICITY DEMONSTRATION

Refer to your handout

Observe the phases of plasticityCombination of water and cornstarch

Answer Observation questions as a class

Answer rest of questions with partners

CRUST

Outermost layer of the EarthMade of Silicon, OXYGEN,

Aluminum, SodiumSOLID state of matterSurface to 43 miles4 – 43 miles thick 140˚F

EARTH’S CRUST

The Earth’s crust is its THINNEST, outermost layer.

It is made of 3 types of rock:1) SEDIMENTARY

Formed by the compression and cementing of sand, rock fragments and other particles

2) METAMORHICFormed by change in the rocks from intense heat and/or pressure

3) IGNEOUSFormed by the cooling and hardening of molten rock

EARTH’S CRUST (CONTINUED)

There are 2 types of crust1) OCEANIC crust is located

beneath the oceans that averages less than 10 km thick. MORE DENSE

2) CONTINENTAL crust is located beneath the continents that has an average thickness of about 8 km. Beneath MOUNTAINS, the crust is much thicker. At times it can have a thickness of greater than 70 km.

EARTH’S CRUST (CONTINUED)

The LITHOSPHERE is (Definition: the solid topmost part of the Earth.)

It is broken into large sections called PLATES (50-100 km thick)

There are at least 7 major plates Name them…how many can you

remember?

EARTH’S CRUST (CONTINUED)

The ASTHENOSPHERE is the layer directly beneath the lithosphere which is 130-160 km thick. Definition: The material on which the lithospheric plates move.It is considered to be the upper edge

of the mantleMade up of hot, molten MAGMAHas the property of PLASTICITY.- a

solid that has the ability to flow

CLASS DEMONSTRATION OF LITHOSPHERE AND ASTHENOSPHERE

Materials: bread, jelly, foil covered cardboard,the cornstarch/water mixture (plasticity)Procedure:1. Cover cardboard with aluminum foil2. Spread cornstarch/water mixture2. Spread jelly on top of mixture3. Cut bread into different shapes4. Place on top of jelly layer….5. Move the cardboard gently to watch

movement of the plates (bread)

Unified Science: Get out notes packet and composition Notebook!

Today: Sept 19BellworkReview Questions from LabDescribe composition of Earth’s LevelsDescribe how plates move

QUIZ WEDS OF NEXT WEEK!!!

COMPOSITION NOTEBOOK QUESTIONS

1. What does the cornstarch/water mixture represent? The cornstarch and water mixture represents the …..

2. What does the jelly represent? The jelly represents the …..

3. What does the bread represent? The bread represents the ….

4. Describe how this demonstration relates to plate tectonics…

WORKSHEET COMPLETION

1. Complete questions on the class demonstration worksheet

2. Label the layers of the Earth at the end of your notes

3. Label the layers of the Earth on the back page of your notes with a partner….

4. Add definitions to your glossary

WHAT CAUSES PLATES TO MOVE?

Scientists are not for sure what causes the plates to move but they have a good theory.

‘CONVECTION CURRENTS’ within the Earth causes the plates to move.

Definition: the movement of material caused by differences in

temperature.

CONVECTION CURRENTS IN THE EARTH

Convection currents move the plates of the lithosphere by: Mantle material close to the core is very hot Mantle material farther from the core is cooler

and less dense Cooler denser material sinks down Hot material is then pushed up to replace the

cooler material. As cooler material sinks toward the core, it gets

hot again then rises. Rising and sinking cycle repeats over and over

again This circular motion carries the plates of the

lithosphere with it, causing continents/plates to move

CONVECTION CURRENTS

EARTH’S STRESS

As the rocks of the crust undergo stress, they slowly change SHAPE and VOLUME. They also move UP or DOWN, or SIDEWAYS.

The movement causes the rocks to break, TILT or fold. The breaking, tilting and folding of rocks is called DEFORMATION.

3 BASIC TYPES OF STRESS

There are 3 basic types of stress which deforms the crust in different ways.

1) COMPRESSION2) TENSION3) SHEARING

1) COMPRESSION

COMPRESSION squeezes the rocks of the crust causing the particles in the crustal rocks to move closer together, making the rocks denser and smaller in volume.

As crustal rocks are compressed, they are pushed both HIGHER UP and DEEPER DOWN.

2) TENSION

TENSION pulls on the rocks of the crust, causing them to stretch out over a larger area.

A rock under the tension becomes THINNER in the middle than on the ends.

As the volume of the rock INCREASES, the density DECREASES.

TENSION

SHEARING

SHEARING pushes rocks of the crust on 2 opposite directions.

This causes the rocks to TWIST and TEAR apart.

During shearing, rocks simply bend or BREAK apart.

SHEARING

STRESS CONT’D

Compression, tension and shearing can change a rock’s VOLUME, it’s SHAPE, or both.

Stresses can also cause the rock to FRACTURE, or crack.