A change that occurs quickly.. Earthquakes Earthquakes- Movement or vibration in the rock that make up Earth’s crust. Earthquakes are caused by the.

A change that occurs quickly.

Earthquakes Earthquakes- Movement or vibration in the

rock that make up Earth’s crust.

Earthquakes are caused by the release of stored energy in the Earth’s crust.

Learning From Earthquakes Scientists “feel” and

“listen to” the Earth by using seismographs.

Seismograph- An instrument that detects, measures, and records the energy of earthquake vibration.

The 2011 Japan earthquakemeasured a 9.0 on the Richter Scale.

What Causes Earthquakes?

The plates that make up the Earth’s crust sometimes rub against each other. This spot is called a fault.

Movement begins in the focus. This causes the fault to move and release energy called seismic waves.

Scientists use seismograph readings to learn about the Earth’s interior.

Earthquake Examples

Find the focus and the faultThe San Andreas Fault in California.

Effects of Earthquakes

Earthquakes can cause landslides or avalanches.

Landslide- Rocks and other material that are shaken loose by an earthquake or heavy rain.

Sometimes heavy rain can cause mudslides. With all three processes, soil and rock are moved froma high place to a lower place.

Effects of Earthquakes Tsunamis- Giant waves of water created

by underwater earthquakes. Tsunami waves crash into land and pull

rock and soil back into the ocean.

Eruption!!!! Volcano- When volcanoes erupt, the

lava cools to create new land. For example, the Hawaiian Islands.

Magma from below the surface explodes onto the Earth’s surface. With it comes ash, steam, rock, soil, and lava.

The mountain is now different and the lava cools to form new rock or land.

These are the before and after photos of Mount St. Helens. What changes were caused by the volcano’s eruption?

The effects of the 2011 earthquake on Japan. Lookwhat it has done to human-made structures. What would it do to the land?