9/10 SAT 8:30 | Parking as a Smart Growth Strategy

Parking as a Smart Growth Strategy

Ruth Steiner, Ph.D.

Andres Blanco, Ph.D.

Dawn Jourdan, esq., Ph.D.

Conventional Policy

• Widen Roads

• Add Lanes

• Free

• Cannot Build our way out of congestion on roads

• Transport Demand Management

• Widen Spaces

• Add Spaces

• Free

• Cannot continue to

oversupply parking

• Parking Management

Delay Reduction

Capacity Utilization

Travel time Reliability Transit

Performance

GHG Emissions

Quality of Life & Sustainability

Economic Development

Why are we doing this?

Congestion levels↑

in the Miami and Fort Lauderdale metropolitan statistical (MSA) area

Parking should be a larger congestion management solution and other community objectives.

The average peak-period traveler in Miami MSA experienced an additional 47 hours extra in travel time and consumed an additional 33 gallons of fuel due to congestion. (TTI, 2007)

Aggregation of 146 million hrs of travel delay and 102 million gallons of wasted fuel, a monetary cost of $2.95 billion, up from a cost of $2.05 million in 1982

FDOT District 4 and 6:

To better understand the extent to which congestion management investments in

Central Business Districts (CBDs) of

Miami Fort Lauderdale

A Study of the Impact of Parking Supply and Demand Management:

Miami and Ft. Lauderdale CBDs

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3

Task 4

Task 5

Task 6

Task 7

Technical advisory

committee

Working with Practitioner

Methodology

Field Survey:

Parking Supply

Pricing/ Rates

Peer Cities: Interview

Review best practices

Review:

Literature

Public Documents

Interview South Florida

Agencies: Planning Departments

Transit Agencies

Parking Authorities

Private Parking Providers

Public Officials

Field Observation

Data Collection :

Parking inventory

Study Area

Image Source: UF – URP Image Source: UF – URP

Parking Supply/Demand

Management

Parking pricing

and management

can impact

Cruising for

parking

Under-pricing of

travel costs

Image Source:

http://www.broward.org/mpo/2035lrtp/broward20

35lrtp_finalplan_web.pdf

Broward 2035 LRTP Project Traffic Congestion

Parking Supply/Demand

Management

TDM/TSM Strategy Miami Fort Lauderdale

Park and Ride X X

Shared Parking X X

Bicycle Parking X X

Reduce Parking Supply X X

Pre-trip parking information X X

Price Parking X X

Lot-specific Information X X

Navigation via Internet-connected Device

Address Variable Demand

Marketing, Education, Cooperation X X

Commercial Parking Tax X

Per-Space Tax Levies

Commuter Benefits X X

Residential Benefit Districts

Reservation System X

Multi-space Meters X X

Pay-by-Phone System X X

Parking Information &

Technology

• Navigation through internet-connected devices

• LED-Based Variable Message Signs

• Lot Specific Information

• How else can we improve user information?

Parking and Transit

Performance

San Francisco – single agency for transit

and parking management

Provide options for various groups

Employees, Tourists/Visitors, Residents

Commuters are responsive to parking

policies

Parking and Transit

Performance

Transit Markets

and other TDM

Options

Perception of

Transit in South

Florida

Image Source:

http://www.miamidade.gov/transit/mover.asp

MDT

MetroMover

Tri-

Rail

Image Source: http://www.tri-

rail.com/

Parking and Revenue Streams The objective of a parking authority:

Should not be revenue maximization

It is the provision of adequate and

convenient parking

In addition, it must support transit and

transportation policies

Parking and Revenue Streams In off-street parking, the objective is to recover

costs and provide a reserve for future capital

improvements through proper pricing.

Parking and Revenue Streams In on-street parking, the objective is to

achieve 85% occupancy through variable

pricing according to the demand.

Parking and Revenue Streams In terms of fines:

59% of revenue is not collected

Fines between twice to 5 times the average

parking daily rate decrease violations but are

politically acceptable

Allocating revenues from fines to parking

authorities (instead to the general fund) can

improve enforcement.

Parking and Revenue Streams More on revenue allocation:

Sharing revenue with neighborhood

associations through „Parking Benefit

Districts’ increase political acceptance,

maximize revenue, and improve

enforcement.

Municipal revenues could be maintained

through „Parking Increment Finance

Districts‟

Parking and Revenue Streams Taxes on Commercial Parking Providers:

Taxes can help to regulate the provision of

parking preventing mismatches of supply

and demand.

In addition, they can provide important

revenues ($100 million in downtown Miami in

the last 10 years)

Commercial operators tend to be more

accepting if governments are already

maximizing income from public parking

facilities

Parking and Revenue Streams Decreasing un-priced parking supply,

increases demand for priced parking:

Parking in lieu: developers pay a fee

instead of providing the required spaces

Unbundling parking: developers sell

parking spaces separated from residential

units

Max caps: developers face a maximum of

parking spaces

Parking and Revenue Streams New technologies for revenue collection could

decrease the incidence of purposeful non-

payment and reduce administration cost:

Pay-and-display meters

Pay-by-space meters

Personal in-vehicle meters

Pay-by-phone

Sustainable Land Use and

Transportation Planning

Land Use regulations have created “seas of

empty parking spaces.”

So, we correct our regulations….

Regulations reformation may not be enough.

Lenders must be helped to understand that

over-supply is not an asset.

Individual behavior must be modified so that

consumers no longer demand storefront

parking.

Stakeholder Verification

Empirical reality v. perception

Driving question:

This is what our research has revealed about

existing conditions, what do you think?

This is what we have identified as best

practices. Would these tools work here?

What are the barriers to implementation?

Information for parking policy Parking Inventory

Facility locations

Type of facility

Number of spaces (estimated and

actual)

Operators

Hours of enforcement

Pricing Schemes

Information for parking policy Parking Inventory

Information for parking policy In terms of parking agencies

Parking agency financial budgets

Municipality budgets

Amount of parking taxes collected

Information for parking policy

In terms of parking agencies

Information for parking policy Transit

Park and Ride lot characteristics

Locations and number of spaces

Usage percentages

Transit agency budget

Sources of funding

Routes

Pricing schemes

Description of services

Ridership counts

LOS

Bicycle facilities

List of relevant agencies

Information for parking policy Transit

Information for parking policy Land Use

Development regulations in different

zones

Detailed analysis of land use

regulatory documents

Information for parking policy Land Use

Questions?