74994185-Iec-61850-Goose-Over-Wimax-Pac-World-2011

IEC 61850 GOOSE over WiMAX for Fast Isolation and

Restoration of Faults in Distribution Networks

Paper OP024

Maciej Goraj¹, Lee Lipes2, JimMcGhee2

¹RuggedCom Spain, 2RuggedCom Canada

June, 2011, Dublin, Ireland

Goals of Distribution Automation

Manual operation and slow reaction to events and

critical situations

Smarter, proactive and self-healing grid

What is necessary? • Advanced feeder automation devices located at pad-mount and

pole top systems that combine the intelligence of an RTU, relay, recloser controller, PQ meter and more.

• Broadband, long range, low latency IP and Ethernet communications network using interfaces and protocols based on power utility standards

Current situation

Future

Wireless technology is an attractive alternative if there is no existing communications infrastructure or if it is not economically feasible to

deploy fiber or broadband PLC

Device Hardware – Rugged design, IEC 61850-3, IEEE 1613 – Outdoor mounting or fit into recloser control cabinets

Power Supply – Internal power supply 12, 24, 48 Vdc – Optional support for PoE (Power over Ethernet)

Interfaces and Protocols – Ethernet and/or Serial – IEC 61850, support for L2 multicast and VLANs – Support for legacy protocols (DNP3.0, IEC 60870-5, ...)

Latency – Low latency for control signals, < 100ms

Throughput – High throughput to support non-operational data – Other potential applications: video surveillance, VoIP,

AMI backhaul, field force automation, etc.

Uplink Biasing – Configurable duty cycle, desirable up to of 75% uplink

and 25% downlink

Range – Up to 10-20km

Security – Encryption, authentication, MAC address filtering

Distribution Automation Requirements for Distribution Automation Wireless System

LTE

Microwave

Proprietary

PMP/PTP

BWA

“900 MHz”

Zigbee

802.15.4

0.1 1 10 100 1000

PAN/HAN

< 50 m

LAN

< 500m

MAN

1-20 Km

WAN

100Km

>

Data Rate in Mbps

Ran

ge /

Co

vera

ge

VSAT

WiFi

802.11

WiMAX

802.16

Cellular

(2/3G)

Comparison of Wireless Technologies

IEEE 802.16e - WiMAX

• What is WIMAX? – Non-profit industry group designed around creating an

ecosystem of interoperable wireless broadband devices

– Test for interoperability to a certain profile of IEEE 802.16e standard

– WIMAX forum certified products: http://www.wimaxforum.org/

• Quick Facts – Range up to 10- 30 km depending on path conditions and

other factors

– Throughput up to 40 Mb/s in a 10 MHz channel

– Typically point-to-multipoint with a base station serving end points. Also point-to-point or relaying architecture.

– Fixed, portable or mobile applications

– Available in licensed or unlicensed bands

• Ecosystem – Interoperability and device availability from multiple vendors, – Standards based

• Range and Propagation – Built in mechanisms to improve range over any other wireless technology

in the marketplace – Robust OFDMA technology enables non-line-of-sight (NLOS) operation

• Efficient Spectral Usage – Mobile WIMAX is built for tight frequency reuse so entire networks can be

built around small spectral allocations

• Throughput – Best in class throughput and spectral efficiency through the use of MIMO

• Quality of Service – Built-in mechanisms to support different traffic types and prioritize them

differently over the wireless network

• Mobility – WIMAX can deliver persistent connections to mobile end users

Key Features of WiMAX

There is a trade off between range, throughput and spectral efficiency and WIMAX offers the best solution to that problem

Benefits

• Own Infrastructure – Full control over the network, non-dependent on third-party providers

• Reliability & Availability – Additional security, channel availability during emergencies

• IP Based Communications – Private Broadband IP Wireless WAN and MAN

• Multiple Applications – Different applications sharing one common communications architecture

Why WiMAX for Electrical Utilities?

Disadvantages

• Spectrum Availability – Can be used in licensed, lightly licensed and unlicensed frequency bands

– Challenges due to regulatory allocation of certain frequencies

8

DHCP

ASNGW

HA

Applications Servers

cBST/pBST CPE/MSS Backbone Core Network

AAA

Management

Wired or Wireless

R4

R6

R6

R1

R1

R1

R1

R3

R3

Router

WIMAX Reference Architecture

ASN Gateway vs. Standalone Mode

• ASN gateway is a specialized router that controls the radio network

• All traffic in a WIMAX network flows through it

• Supports advanced functions like mobility, paging, etc.

• Standalone mode is a special mode of the base station that does not require ASN gateway

• Base station acts like a layer 2 Ethernet switch

• Supports only fixed applications, no mobility

CORE NETWORK

• Adjacent devices need to communicate through the ASN gateway • Difficult to predict and control end to end latency and availability • Supports only IP based traffic

ASN GW architecture fits well in mobile networks but not mission critical applications

Commercial Grade WiMAX Solution doesn’t fit Distribution Automation

ASN Gateway

Substation 1

Substation 2

R R

N/C

R R R R

R R R R N/C

N/O

N/C N/C

WiMAX

Base Station

IED

IED

IED IED

IED

WiMAX

Subscriber

Unit

Substation 1

Substation 2

R R

N/C

R R R R

R R R R N/C

N/O

N/C N/C

WiMAX

Subscriber

Unit

WiMAX Base Station

IED IED

IED

IED IED

Utility Grade WiMAX Solution for Distribution Automation

• Standalone-mode for light weight network architecture • No ASN gateway required, direct layer 2 connectivity • Cost effective, low latency, high reliability

IEC 61850 GOOSE

• Peer-to-peer (horizontal) communication

• Very fast connectionless oriented device to multi-device scheme

• Significantly reduces conventional copper wiring between IEDs

• Encapsulated directly in Ethernet layer (fast encoding/decoding)

• Event driven transmission sent on change of state

• High priority, critical, asynchronous and unsolicited

• MAC Multicast, uses VLAN for priority and traffic segregation

• Limited to LAN segment, tunneling needed to pass thru a router

Interoperable Field Proven Cost Effective

GOOSE over WiMAX

• World first project with IEC 61850 GOOSE over WiMAX, (2011)

• Peer-to-peer network operates over a private Ethernet backbone

• Decentralized restoration logic is driven down in the field devices

• With IEC 61850 distributed disconnect switches/reclosers become part of the substation

• Total end-to-end latency 30-50ms

Feeder

protection IED

WiMAX Base

Station

WiMAX

Subscriber Unit

Wireless

transmission

over several

kilometers

IEC 61850 GOOSE

Feeder

protection IED

Reclosers

Switches IED Family

+ +

Software

+

IEC 61850 over Wireless Comms

Practical Implementation

• Joint global initiative between RuggedCom and Siemens Energy

• Distribution Automation using WIMAX with IEC 61850 compliant relays

WiMAX Base Station

WiMAX

Subscriber Unit

Fault Information & Detection with GOOSE

WiMAX Base Station

WiMAX

Subscriber Unit

Status & Measured Value Sharing with GOOSE

First Deployment – Fault Isolation/Restoration

First deployment Fault isolation/ restoration scheme driven by critical loads like hospital which was manually controlled

WiMAX Rugged

Subscriber Unit powered via PoE

Switch/Recloser

Control Cabinet with IEC 61850 capable IED

Conclusions

• IEC 61850 over WiMAX improves Feeder Automation performance in Distribution Networks

• Faster fault location and restoration with reduced unnecessary switching

• IEC 61850 is interoperable, open standard based on IP and Ethernet communications

• Private communications network is more secure, more reliable and cheaper in the long term than leased services from public cellular network

• GOOSE over WiMAX is 10 times faster than GPRS, 50ms vs. 800ms

• Reduced SAIDI and SAIFI

• Increased revenue billing

• Reduced asset maintenance costs

Thank You!

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]