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D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 1 [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels and Health Effects Lecture 11: Noise Part 5 (13.05.2020) Mark Brink ETH Zürich D-USYS Homepage: http://www.noise.ethz.ch/ei/
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[701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

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Page 1: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 1

[701-0662-00 L]

Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels and

Health Effects

Lecture 11: Noise Part 5 (13.05.2020)

Mark Brink

ETH Zürich

D-USYS

Homepage:

http://www.noise.ethz.ch/ei/

Page 2: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 2

• Noise annoyance

• Aircraft noise annoyance

• Noise contours

• "Change effect"

• Physiological activations due to noise

• Stress model of non-auditory effects of noise

• Noise coping

• Pathogenetic pathways

• Sleep disturbances due to noise (introduction)

Topics covered in the previous lecture

Page 3: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 3

• Question 1: When noise is such a negative factor for

sleep and health related effects, why is there the

concept of white noise, where people need some kind

of noise to sleep better?

• White noise can help to mask environmental sounds

(sound events) that could lead to sleep disturbances,

via increasing acoustical arousal threshold.

• Auditory masking occurs when the perception of one

sound is affected by the presence of another sound.

Student questions from previous lecture

Page 4: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 4

Masking with narrowband noise

Narrowband noise 420-620 Hz

Masked tone (510 Hz)

Page 5: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 5

low frequency masking tone high frequency masking tone

1: frequencies close to each other

2: frequencies wide apart

20 40 80 200 400 800 2k 4k 6k8k 20k60

100 1k 10kFrequency [Hz]

0

20

40

60

80

100H

ea

rin

gth

res

ho

ld[d

B]

250Hz, 60dB

1kHz

4kHz, 60dB

20

40

60

80

100dB

Hearing threshold at calmness

Frequency masking

Page 6: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 6

• Question 2: White noise is I believe a synchronisation

(constant/static form) of noise & thus brain sound

waves. Therefore it can help construct & maintain a

constant acoustic environment (hear: no interruptions).

• Some evidence for effects of white noise on brain

functions (e.g. cognitive performance, memory)

• White or pink noise may also influence the brain

electrical activity and improve sleep quality by reducing

sleep onset latency and promoting slow wave sleep

(SWS). Exact mechanisms are not fully elucidated. First

results point to a role of the dopaminergic system.

Student questions from previous lecture

Page 7: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 7

► Sleep disturbances (cont'd): study types and methods

► Polysomnography (PSG)

► Actimetry / Actigraphy / Seismosomnography

► Sleep disturbances: Awakening probability

► Countermeasures / noise abatement in the night

► Long-term health effects of noise (Part 1)

► Cardiovascular effects

Lecture overview for today

Page 8: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 8

Research methods: Polysomnography (PSG)

EEG → Sleep stages

EOG (Eye movements) → REM sleep

EMG (Muscle tone)

Breathing activity

ECG (Heart rate)

• Allows differentiation of sleep stages

→ wake | sleep (Detection of awakening reactions)

• very sensitive, detects even very tiny reactions

• Complex, expensive

• Not always pleasant for test persons

Page 9: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 9

Awakening

Arousal

30 sec

EEG

EOG

EMG

ECG

Research methods: Relevant PSG signal characteristics

Page 10: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 10

ActiWatch(tm)

Basic idea

• Increased movements are

a sign of disturbed sleep

Disadvantage

• Less suitable for event-

related analyses

Research methods: Actimetry / Actigraphy

Page 11: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 11

Changing force

distribution because of:

• Movements of arms/legs

• Recoil movement of the body

at each heartbeat

(cardioballistic effect)

• Lifting and lowering of the

thorax per inhalation/ex-

halation cycle

Measures Actimetry, Heart rate, Respiration rate with

only one type of transducer (here: force sensor)

Research methods: Seismosomnography (SSG)

Page 12: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

203040506070

Zeit (1-Minuten Epochen)

Bett-

Schwerpunkt

(quer/längs)

Simulierte Flüge

(LAS,max 50 dB)

Herzrate

Atemrate

Schallpegel

Aussen

Innen

Aktimetrie

0

2

4

6

8

10

0

20

40

60

80

20000

40000

60000

80000Start of recording End of recording

Time of gone to bed Time of rise

Center of gravityacross/along

Actigraphy

Heart rate

Breathing rate

Simulated aircraftnoise events

SPL

outdoor

indoor

SSG recorded data

Page 13: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 13

Aircraft

Road traffic

Railways

no noise...

Awakening

probability according

to EEG!

LAS,max of noise event

Aw

aken

ing

pro

bab

ilit

y

Source: Basner et al., 2011

Awakening reactions (AWR)Exposure-effect relationships in the sleep laboratory

Page 14: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 14

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75

540

480

420

360

300

240

180

120

60

0

Lmax [dB(A)]

PA

WR

,zu

tzli

ch

Min

ute

s a

fte

r s

lee

p o

ns

et

Pro

ba

bil

ity o

f a

dd

itio

na

l A

WR

3.5 dB / hour

Awakening probability increases with time asleep(Logistic regression model)

Page 15: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 15

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Au

fwach

wah

rsch

ein

lich

keit

LAF,max innen [dB]

Pa

dd

itio

na

l

LAF,max indoors [dB]Brink et al., Env Int, 2011

Exposure-effect relationships for awakening probability

Church bell noise / field study

Page 16: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 16

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Au

fwach

wah

rsch

ein

lich

keit

LAF,max innen [dB]

Pa

dd

itio

na

l

LAF,max indoors [dB]

Page 17: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 17

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Au

fwach

wah

rsch

ein

lich

keit

LAF,max innen [dB]

Pa

dd

itio

na

l

LAF,max indoors [dB]

Page 18: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 18

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Au

fwach

wah

rsch

ein

lich

keit

LAF,max innen [dB]

Pa

dd

itio

na

l

LAF,max indoors [dB]

Page 19: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 19

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Au

fwach

wah

rsch

ein

lich

keit

LAF,max innen [dB]

Pa

dd

itio

na

l

LAF,max indoors [dB]

Page 20: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 20

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Au

fwach

wah

rsch

ein

lich

keit

LAF,max innen [dB]

Pa

dd

itio

na

l

LAF,max indoors [dB]

Page 21: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 21

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Au

fwach

wah

rsch

ein

lich

keit

LAF,max innen [dB]

Pa

dd

itio

na

l

LAF,max indoors [dB]

Page 22: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 22

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Au

fwach

wah

rsch

ein

lich

keit

LAF,max innen [dB]

Pa

dd

itio

na

l

LAF,max indoors [dB]

Page 23: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 23

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Au

fwach

wah

rsch

ein

lich

keit

LAF,max innen [dB]

Pa

dd

itio

na

l

LAF,max indoors [dB]

Page 24: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 24

Number of noise events leading to one (1) additional AWR

LA

S,m

ax

of

even

t at

the e

ar

LAeq,8h ca. 46 dB (at the ear)

LAeq,8h ca. 22 dB (at the ear)

Source: Basner et al., 2005

Number of noise events leading to one additional AWR

(Aircraft noise)

Page 25: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 25

1 AWR per night due to aircraft noise

0.5 AWR

N

0 AWR>= 1

AWR

Practical application: Local prevalence of noise- induced awakenings

Page 26: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 26

0P/ha > 100 P/ha

Practical application: weighting with population density

Page 27: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 27

Bülach: 3552 AWR

Dielsdorf: 419 AWR

0 AWR > 80 AWR

Practical application: Counting the number of awakening reactions

Page 28: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 28

Effect of slope of rise of an aircraft noise event

on motility (measured with SSG)

Landing (3.3 dB/s) Take-off (1.1 dB/s)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Sch

all

dru

ckp

eg

el

[dB

(A)]

0

1

2

3

4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Be

we

gu

ng

sa

kti

vit

ät

Zeit [s] nach Beginn des Fluggeräusches

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Sch

all

dru

ckp

eg

el

[dB

(A)]

0

1

2

3

4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Bew

eg

un

gsakti

vit

ät

Zeit [s] nach Beginn des Fluggeräusches

Brink et al., Somnologie (2008)

Bo

dily

activity S

ou

nd

le

ve

l [d

B(A

)]

Time [s] after noise event onset Time [s] after noise event onset

Page 29: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 29

Effect of slope of rise of a noise event, measured by SSG

Motility

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Motility during takeoff noise Motility during landing noise

Level of takeoff noise Level of landing noise

Mo

tili

ty u

nit

s

Seconds after onset of aircraft noise event

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Le

ve

l [d

B(A

)]

70

Page 30: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 30

Effect of slope of rise of a noise event, measured by SSG

Heart rate

60.6

60.8

61.0

61.2

61.4

61.6

61.8

62.0

-16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88

steep

flat

Heartbeat intervals

Heart

rate

(b

pm

)

Onset of

event

Page 31: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 31

Cortical arousals during noise events (SiRENE study)

Page 32: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 32

Source: Buxton et al., Ann Intern Med, 2012

Arousal reactions in the hospital

N2 N3 REM

Page 33: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 33

Self-reported %HSD (Percent Highly Sleep Disturbed)Survey questions about how noise affects sleep

WHO evidence review, Basner and McGuire, 2018

Page 34: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 34

Self-reported %HSD (Percent Highly Sleep Disturbed)Survey questions not mentioning noise

WHO evidence review, Basner and McGuire, 2018

Page 35: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 35

ReceiverSource Propagation path

• mufflers

• reduction of engine

noise

• casing of machinery

• Quieter arrival and departure operations

• Night Curfews – total ban of operations in the night (in CH: trucks

are banned from the roads during nighttime; aircraft operations

suspended during nighttime)

• passive sound

protection:

sound-proof

windows, triple

glazing etc.

• Noise barriers,

e.g. along

railway tracks

CountermeasuresOverview:

Page 36: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 36

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%1

8.0

0 h

19

.00

h

20

.00

h

21

.00

h

22

.00

h

23

.00

h

0.0

0 h

1.0

0 h

2.0

0 h

3.0

0 h

4.0

0 h

5.0

0 h

6.0

0 h

7.0

0 h

8.0

0 h

9.0

0 h

10

.00

h

11

.00

h

12

.00

h

% asleep during working days

% asleep during weekends

% P

ers

on

s w

ith

in s

lee

p p

eri

od

Hour

Trucks

Aircraft

Countermeasures & noise abatement in the night:Night curfews – but when do people actually sleep?

Distribution of sleep/wake density in Switzerland 2015

Source: SiRENE-Survey, N=5592

Page 37: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 37

Source: Griefahn et al., 2008

Countermeasures & noise abatement in the night:

Night curfews – When are they most effective?

Page 38: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 38

• Number and acoustic characteristics of noise events affect the

impact noise has on sleep

• Maximum sound pressure level of a noise event is the best

predictor for awakening probability

• Slope of rise (dB/s) of noise events influences the magnitude of

bodily reactions, steeper slopes evoke higher awakening

probability (Most serious problems with landing aircraft and trains)

• Morning noise elicits stronger reactions than evening noise

• Different noise sources produce different exposure-effect

functions

• Average sound pressure level (Leq) is not a very good predictor of

immediate effects

• As concerns countermeasures: Curfews are effective, but

sleep/wake behavior of the population is important → “timing”

Sleep disturbances due to noise - Conclusions

Page 39: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 39

Long term health effects of noise

Page 40: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 40

"Cardiovascular" = having an effect on the

cardiovascular system (leading to "cardiovascular

disease" CVD)

Pathophysiological disease model:

noise is a stressor that impacts on the autonomic

nervous system

Cardiovascular effects:

- Heart rate increase

- Hypertension (high blood pressure)

- Ischaemic heart disease

- Myocardial infarction

- Stroke

Long term cardiovascular effects of noise

Page 41: [701-0662-00 L] Environmental Impacts, Threshold Levels ...701-0662-00L]Lecture11-Brink-Noise-Slides.pdf · Student questions from previous lecture . D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental

D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 41

Source: Jarup et al., 2008Aircraft noise

Women Men

Long term cardiovascular effects of noiseHypertension -- Aircraft noise

HYENA study: Hypertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports

(Athens, Milan Malpensa, Amsterdam Schipol, Stockholm Arlanda,

Berlin Tegel, London Heathrow)

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D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 42

Source: Van Kempen & Babisch, 2012

Long term cardiovascular effects of noiseHypertension, Meta-Analysis -- road traffic noise

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D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 43

Source: Vienneau et al., 2015

Long term cardiovascular effects of noiseIschaemic heart disease, Risk increase per 10 dB

"Forest plot"

fatty

deposits

/ ath

ero

scle

rosis

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D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 44

Source: Huss et al., 2010

Long term cardiovascular effects of noiseMortality from myocardial infarction in Switzerland - Aircraft noise

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D-USYS • M. Brink • Environmental Impacts - Noise Part 5 Slide 45

Source: Héritier et al., 2017

Long term cardiovascular effects of noiseMortality from myocardial infarction in Switzerland - SiRENE study

Noise sourceExcess risk

per 10 dB(%)95% CI

Lden Road 4.0 2.1 5.9

Lden Railway 2.0 0.7 3.3

Lden Aircraft 2.7 0.6 4.3