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Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2010 GCE GCE Biology (6BI01/01) Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH Click here for 6BI01 MS Click here for 6BI02 MS Click here for 6BI07 MS Click here for 6BI04 MS Click here for 6BI05 MS Click here for 6BI08 MS
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Page 1: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2010

GCE

GCE Biology (6BI01/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

Click here for 6BI01 MS

Click here for 6BI02 MS

Click here for 6BI07 MS

Click here for 6BI04 MS

Click here for 6BI05 MS

Click here for 6BI08 MS

Page 2: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers.

Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel’s centres receive the support they need to help them deliver their education and training programmes to learners.

For further information, please call our GCE line on 0844 576 0025, our GCSE team on 0844 576 0027, or visit our website at www.edexcel.com.

If you have any subject specific questions about the content of this Mark Scheme that require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful. Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link: http://www.edexcel.com/Aboutus/contact-us/ Alternatively, you can speak directly to a subject specialist at Edexcel on our dedicated Science telephone line: 0844 576 0037

Summer 2010

Publications Code US023567

All the material in this publication is copyright © Edexcel Ltd 2010

Page 3: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.

• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.

• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.

• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.

• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.

• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to: • write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order

to make the meaning clear • select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to

complex subject matter • organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when

appropriate.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.

Page 4: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

GENERAL INFORMATION The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:

Symbol Meaning of symbol

; semi colon Indicates the end of a marking point

eq Indicates that credit should be given for other correct alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the Standardisation meeting

/ oblique Words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each other

{} curly brackets Indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives (separated by obliques) where necessary to avoid confusion

() round brackets Words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of the marking point but are not required to award the point

[] square brackets Words inside square brackets are instructions or guidance for examiners

[CE] or [TE] Consecutive error / transferred error Crossed out work If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be ignored. If the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for that question or part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so. Spelling and clarity In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs but not subsequently. The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in later parts of the question by correct reasoning from the earlier incorrect answer. No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for the essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows: • the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be unambiguous e.g. for amylase, ‘ammalase’ is acceptable whereas ‘amylose’ is not e.g. for glycogen, ‘glicojen’ is acceptable whereas ‘glucagen’ is not e.g. for ileum, ‘illeum’ is acceptable whereas ‘ilium’ is not e.g. for mitosis, ‘mytosis’ is acceptable whereas ‘meitosis’ is not • candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. • a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an answer

gains no mark – irrelevant material should be ignored

Page 5: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(a)

A ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(b)

C ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(c)

C ; (1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(d)

D ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(e) D ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(f)

C ; (1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(g) A ; (1)

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6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(a)

1. atria / atrium; 2. aorta ;

3. left ;

4. artery ;

5. vena cava ;

(5)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2 (b) 1. diastole / atrial systole ; 2. the {atrioventricular / bicuspid / tricuspid}

valves are open / semi-lunar valves are closed ;

(2)

Page 7: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(a)(i) 1. phospholipids ; 2. phosphate (head) ;

3. (two) fatty acid (tails) ;

4. reference to location of glycerol ;

5. correct reference to ester bonds ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(a)(ii) 1. reference to {hydrophilic / polar / charged}

part ; 2. reference to {hydrophobic / non polar /

uncharged} part ;

3. reference to orientation of molecule in relation to water;

4. idea that aqueous environment is {on two

sides / cytoplasm and {environment / tissue fluid / eq}} ;

max (3)

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6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(b) Active transport:

1. idea that molecule {binds / fits into} {protein / carriers} ;

2. idea that {protein / carrier} changes shape ; 3. (molecules move) against a concentration

gradient / eq ;

4. reference to use of {ATP / energy} ;

[Submax 2 marks] Facilitated diffusion:

5. reference to proteins as {channels / gates / pores / carriers} ;

6. idea that {channels can open or close /

carriers change shape} ;

7. for {large / polar / charged} molecules (to pass through membrane) ;

8. (molecules move) down a concentration

gradient / eq ;

[Submax 2 marks]

max (3)

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6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(c)(i) 1. idea that both types of protein in fused cell

in correct context ; 2. idea that the proteins are {intermingled /

mixed / eq} ;

3. same original number of protein / eq ;

max (2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(c)(ii) 1. idea that {phospholipids / molecule A} allow

{fluidity / movement/ eq} ; 2. idea that {fluidity / movement / eq} allow

membranes to fuse;

3. idea that {fluidity / movement / eq} allows protein to {move / intermingle / eq} ;

max (2)

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6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

4(a)(i) 1. idea that frequent cocaine use results in

{higher / an increase in / eq } levels in both blood components (compared to occasional use) ;

2. correct manipulation of figures to

approximate the increase in levels of one of the blood components ;

3. frequent use increases fibrinogen beyond

normal range / eq ;

4. idea that the levels of both the blood components are within the range for normal levels in occasional users ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

4(a)(ii) Any one of the following ideas

1. the levels are given as a {range / not one level / blood components within normal level range}

2. no indication of data analysis e.g. spread of

data, statistics 3. no indication of number in {samples / study /

eq}

4. no indication of other variables / named variable / eq ;

max (1)

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6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

4(b) (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics) must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence)

1. idea that von Willebrand factor results in platelets sticking to {the endothelium /each other} ;

2. reference to release of thromboplastin (from

platelets) ;

3. (as a result) the blood clotting process is triggered / eq ;

4. credit one correct detail of clotting process ;

5. reference to more fibrinogen resulting in the clot {being larger / growing faster } ;

6. reference to von Willebrand factor making the platelets stickier ;

7. as a result of {platelet stickiness /platelets sticking together} the {clot grows faster / blood flow is decreased / eq} ;

8. If the blood is flowing slower then there is an increased chance of blood clotting / eq ;

max (4)

Question Number

Answer Mark

4(c) 1. idea that a correlation is {a relationship

between two factors / when one factor changes another factor changes} ;

2. fibrinogen increases with (cocaine) use / eq ;

3. heart attacks increase with cocaine use / eq ;

4. idea that increased fibrinogen levels have not

been shown to result in the increase in heart disease ;

max (2)

Page 12: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

*5(a) QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics) must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence)

1. reference to CFTR {protein / channel} eq ;

2. reference to a different {amino acid / sequence of amino acids / eq} (on defective CFTR protein) ;

3. reference to change in protein ;

4. reference to role of protein in transporting

chloride ions ;

5. reference to (chloride) ions not {moving out of cells / going into mucus} ;

6. reference to sodium ions moving in ;

7. water does not move out (of cells) / water

moves in (to cells) /eq ;

8. by osmosis / eq ;

9. mucus (on cell surface) {is not diluted / becomes thicker / becomes stickier} / eq ;

10. (thickened mucus) cannot be moved by {cilia / coughing} ;

max (5)

Page 13: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

5(b)(i) 1. idea that mucus {traps / eq} {bacteria /

pathogens} ; 2. idea that {bacteria / mucus containing the

bacteria} cannot be removed (by cilia);

3. idea that mucus provides conditions for bacteria to {live / grow / develop / eq} ;

4. reference to antibodies not being effective ;

5. reference to trauma caused by coughing ;

6. idea that resident {phagocytes /

macrophages} cannot destroy bacteria ;

max (2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

5(b)(ii) 1. {increase / eq} with age ; 2. (increases) {from 0 to 25 / up to 25} ;

3. {constant /eq} 25 to 35 ;

4. {decreases / eq} 35 to 45 ;

5. credit correct manipulation of figures ;

max (3)

Page 14: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

5(b)(iii) 1. Overall increase in P and decrease in S ;

2. At 0 more S than P / between 0 and 7 years S

is greater than P ;

3. After 7 years P is greater than S ;

4. S starts to decrease at year 15 but P {decreases at 35 years / continues to increase} ;

5. Maximum P is greater than maximum S ;

6. S {stays constant / is at its highest} between 10 and 15 years but P {stays constant / is at its highest} between 25 and 35 years ;

max (2)

Page 15: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

6(a) 1. reference to {enzymes / biological catalysts}

reducing activation energy / eq ;

Biological catalyst

2. produced by {organisms /cells}; 3. speeds up (rate of) {reactions / processes} /

eq ; Activation energy

4. energy needed for a reaction to occur / eq ; 5. By causing bonds to {break / weaken / form}

/ by increasing the number of collisions / eq ;

max (4)

Question Number

Answer Mark

6(b) 1. idea that there should be enough substrate

molecules to saturate the enzyme ; 2. (to ensure that) substrate is not a limiting

factor/ eq ;

3. {fastest / highest} rate / decreases after initial rate / eq ;

4. as reaction proceeds substrate concentration

decreases / eq ; 5. as substrate gets used up {by enzyme / in

reaction / eq } ;

6. substrate concentration should be constant (in each test) / eq ;

max (2)

Page 16: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

6(c) Any two pairs pH ; buffer ; temperature ; water bath ; not room temperature time of reaction ; stopwatch ; volume of {enzyme / substrate} ; not amount measuring cylinder / pipette ; type of enzyme ; same batch of enzyme ;

(4)

Page 17: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(a)(i) Any two from: genetic, diet qualified, increasing age, male, high blood pressure, smoking, {inactivity / lack of exercise / eq} ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(a)(ii) 1. idea that it makes the {results / data / study}

{representative / reliable} ; 2. idea that there are {many potential risk

factors / large variation between individuals};

3. idea that side effects more likely to show up ;

max (2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(b)

same treatment method as for drug S e.g. solvent used for drug S / saline / water / sugar tablet / empty capsule / eq ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(c) idea that {CVD is not an immediate disease / side effects may take time to become apparent / need to see if drug works over a long time} ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(d) 1. the number of {deaths / all events / eq} is

{similar to / no higher than / less than} placebo group ;

2. Credit correct manipulation of figures ;

(2)

Page 18: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(e)(i) 1. correct values selected (8.7 and 11.8) ; 2. correct subtraction (11.8 – 8.7 = 3.1);

3. correct multiplication by 10 000 ÷ 100 ;

[Consequential errors apply]

(3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(e)(ii) it has been shown to reduce {CVD / stroke} / eq ;

(1)

Page 19: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

8(a) 1. tumour has {decreased in size / grown less /

eq} ; 2. decrease in size quantified ; 3. rats survive longer / eq ;

4. idea that {more rats survive / higher survival

rate / lower death rate} ;

5. 80% ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

8(b)(i) 1. reference to (virus acting as a) vector ; 2. idea that virus is used to get the {gene / DNA}

into the cells ;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

8(b)(ii) reference to {neurones in spinal cord / endorphins being made in spinal cord / spinal cord connects to brain / eq} ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

8(b)(iii) idea that endorphins have pain-reducing properties / more {endorphins / endorphins secreting cells} produced ;

(1)

Page 20: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

8(b)(iv) 1. {little change / eq} in control but treated rats

{rise and fall / eq} ; 2. in first {2 weeks / ½ month} level of

tolerance is {(almost) the same in both groups slightly higher in control group} / eq ;

3. after the first 2 weeks the level of tolerance

is higher in the rats given gene therapy / eq ;

4. between 2 weeks and 2 months there is an increase in tolerance in rats given gene therapy but control group {remains the same / drops (slightly)} / eq ;

5. ref to decrease in tolerance in group given

gene therapy {in last month / after two months} and (slight) increase in control group ;

6. credit correct comparative manipulation of figures ;

max (3)

Page 21: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI01_01 1006

Further copies of this publication are available from Edexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN Telephone 01623 467467 Fax 01623 450481 Email [email protected] Order Code US023567 Summer 2010 For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.com/quals Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH

Page 22: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Mark Scheme (Results)

June 2010

GCE

GCE Biology (6BI02/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

Page 23: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers.

Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel’s centres receive the support they need to help them deliver their education and training programmes to learners.

For further information, please call our GCE line on 0844 576 0025, our GCSE team on 0844 576 0027, or visit our website at www.edexcel.com.

If you have any subject specific questions about the content of this Mark Scheme that require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful. Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link: http://www.edexcel.com/Aboutus/contact-us/ Alternatively, you can speak directly to a subject specialist at Edexcel on our dedicated Science telephone line: 0844 576 0037

Summer 2010

Publications Code US023556

All the material in this publication is copyright © Edexcel Ltd 2010

Page 24: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.

• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.

• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.

• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.

• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.

• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to: • write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order

to make the meaning clear • select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to

complex subject matter • organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when

appropriate.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.

Page 25: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

GENERAL INFORMATION The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:

Symbol Meaning of symbol

; semi colon Indicates the end of a marking point

eq Indicates that credit should be given for other correct alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the Standardisation meeting

/ oblique Words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each other

{} curly brackets Indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives (separated by obliques) where necessary to avoid confusion

() round brackets Words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of the marking point but are not required to award the point

[] square brackets Words inside square brackets are instructions or guidance for examiners

[CE] or [TE] Consecutive error / transferred error Crossed out work If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be ignored. If the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for that question or part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so. Spelling and clarity In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs but not subsequently. The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in later parts of the question by correct reasoning from the earlier incorrect answer. No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for the essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows: • the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be unambiguous e.g. for amylase, ‘ammalase’ is acceptable whereas ‘amylose’ is not e.g. for glycogen, ‘glicojen’ is acceptable whereas ‘glucagen’ is not e.g. for ileum, ‘illeum’ is acceptable whereas ‘ilium’ is not e.g. for mitosis, ‘mytosis’ is acceptable whereas ‘meitosis’ is not • candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. • a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an answer

gains no mark – irrelevant material should be ignored

Page 26: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

1 (a) (i) 1. alleles ; 2. loci / locations / positions / eq ;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1 (a) (ii) 1. 174 (cm) ; 2. 172 (cm) ;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1 (b) (i) 1. {genotype / eq} ; 2. {environment / eq} ;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1 (b) (ii) C ; A ; B ;

(3)

Page 27: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

*2(a) QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics) must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence)

1. undifferentiated cell / eq ; 2. that can give rise to other {types of cell / eq }; 3. idea that no limit to division ; 4. correct reference to {totipotent / pluripotent

/eq} ;

max (2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(b) 1. cord blood /umbilical cord / placenta ; 2. {fertilised egg / zygote / eq} / blastocyst / (early)

embryo ;

3. detail of site within blastocyst

4. bone marrow / eq ;

5. {brain / connective / skin / liver} cells / eq ;

6. addition of adult nucleus to enucleated egg cell ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(c)(i) 1. decide on max age of embryo allowed for

research / eq ; 2. idea of setting or considering {ethical / legal}

aspects / judging what is acceptable / follow a code of practice ;

3. example of what {is / is not} acceptable ;

4. checking that source of stem cells is acceptable /

eq ;

5. stopping of cloning (of humans) / eq ;

6. appropriate reference to unnecessary repeating of research / eq ;

max (2)

Page 28: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

2 (c)(ii) people involved in embryo research: 1. idea of being able to (fully) understand the

science / recognise what is possible {benefits / risks / eq} / judge in an informed manner ;

people not involved in embryo research:

2. idea of giving a {balanced /alternative / wider / named} view ;

(2)

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

3 (a)(i) C ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

3 (a)(ii) B ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

3 (a)(iii) far right-hand box ; (1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

3 (a)(iv) Bacteria / Eubacteria / Archaebacteria / Archaea ;

(1)

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

*3(b)(i) QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence)

1. cellulose ; 2. as microfibrils ;

3. (cellulose molecules) held together by hydrogen

bonds / eq

4. detail of microfibril (e.g. {bundle /correct stated number of}) cellulose molecules) ;;

5. correct reference to arrangement of

microfibrils (in primary cell wall) ;

6. reference to {matrix / hemicelluloses / pectins / eq} ;

7. reference to primary and secondary cell walls

;

8. detail of different laying down arrangement (in secondary cell wall) /reference to lignin ;

max (4)

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

3 (b)(ii)

Feature described Name of feature

site where there was no cell wall and the cytoplasm linked the two adjacent cells

plasmodesmata / plasmodesma ;

dark line that is the boundary between one cell and the next cell

middle lamella ;

(2)

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

4 (a)

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

4 (b)(ii) 1. (they carry out) (aerobic) respiration ; 2. provide {ATP / energy / eq} ;

3. to {move / drive the / eq} {flagellum / tail} ;

4. allows sperm to swim / eq ;

5. towards the {egg / eq} / {towards /along} the

oviduct / eq ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

4 (c)(i) 0.065 (%) ;;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

4 (c)(ii) 16 ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

4 (b) (i) P = crista ; Q = matrix ; R = outer (mitochondrial) membrane / envelope /

double membrane ;

(3)

a b D e

A B d E

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

5 (a)(i) {α/ alpha} glucose ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

*5(a)(ii)QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence)

1. made up of {many / eq} glucose (monomers) ; 2. reference to {energy / eq } storage / glucose

is the respiratory substrate / synthesis of organic molecules / eq ;

3. idea that it is {large / eq} ; 4. so is un-reactive / insoluble /no osmotic

effect ;

5. molecule coiling / compact / reference to amylose /eq ;

6. more can be stored (in available space) / eq ;

7. reference to branches / reference to (glycosidic) 1-6 bonds / amylopectin ;

8. {rapid / increased / eq } mobilisation of glucose units / eq ;

max (4)

Question Number

Answer Mark

5 (b)(i) Allow converse

1. increase in temperature {decreases / eq } (the mean percentage of amylose present)/ negative correlation ;

2. but by differing percentages in all 3 varieties

/ C, then A & then B ;

3. credit correct manipulation of the data for 1 variety (e.g. by 4.0 % in variety A / 1.5% in variety B / 5% in variety C) eq ;

max (2)

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

5 (b)(ii) 1. (variety) B ;

2. idea of smallest difference between (means /

amylose content) in B for the two different temp regimes ;

3. idea of {biggest error bars / widest spread} ;

4. idea that error bars for the 2 different temp

regimes overlap ; 5. explanation of overlap e.g. some of the data

for the lower temp falls within that of the higher temp ;

max (3)

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

6(a) Niche: 1. the {role / function / eq} (of a species /

organism) ; 2. {within the community / ecosystem /habitat

/ environment / eq } ; Species richness:

3. number of (different) species ; 4. in a {habitat / eq } / at any one time ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

*6 (b)(i)QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence)

1. (cheetah has) {lowest genetic diversity / least genetic variation } (of the listed cats) ;

2. correct reference to lack of adaptation /

example / no selective advantage (when environment changes) ;

3. (therefore) less likely to survive / eq ;

4. (therefore) more at risk of {extinction / eq} ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

6 (b)(ii) 1. {greater / eq} genetic diversity (amongst the

litter) / eq ; 2. greater chance that will {survive / eq} ;

3. increased chance of fertilisation / pregnancy

/ eq ;

4. increase in population size / eq ;

max (2)

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

6 (c) 1. increases genetic diversity /eq ; 2. (because it) allows {outbreeding / mating /

eq} with (genetically) different individuals / eq ;

3. stop/reduces {inbreeding / mating with

parents / siblings} ; 4. (which) reduces genetic diversity / eq ;

max (2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

6 (d) cheetahs that are exclusive to one continent ; (1)

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

7 (a)(i) 1. line drawn correctly e.g. from pollen grain,

down style to start of ovary ; 2. to micropyle (around the edge) ;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7 (a) (ii)

Comments given if more than 2 ticks and if use cross

or crosses and ticks

Labelled structure

Tick ( ) if chromosome number increases at fertilisation

A

B

C

D

E

(2)

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

7 (b)(i) 1. both {increase / positive correlation / eq} ; 2. (pollen tube) length (always) {greater/ eq}

when boron present / eq ; 3. idea of rate of growth greater with boron ;

4. linear without boron (for 25 / 30 hours) and

not linear with boron / eq ;

5. correct comparative manipulation of the data ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7 (b)(ii) idea that pollen tube does grow even in the absence of boron ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7 (b)(iii) boron {increases / speeds up / eq} rate ; (1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7 (b)(iv) 1. more likely to reach the ovule /eq ; 2. fertilisation more likely to occur /eq ;

3. idea of fertilisation in shorter time period ;

max (2)

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

8 (a)(i)

1. (increasing or doubling nitrate ion concentration) decreased mitosis / negative correlation / eq ;

2. manipulation of the data (e.g. by 6 cells (per

500 cells) / reduces by 24%) ;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

8 (a)(ii)

1. only two concentrations were used /

additional nitrate ion concentrations should be used ;

2. no {trend / eq} (as only 2 data sets) ;

3. If one of the two sets of data was {anomalous / eq} ;

4. reference to one with no nitrate ions present

;

max (2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

8 (a)(iii)

Two appropriate safety risks given ; ; One appropriate precaution, linked to one of the risks above ;

(3)

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6BI02_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

8 (b)

1. 3 + / sensible range of nitrate ion

concentrations ; 2. reference to repeats (at each concentration)

;

3. reference to uniformity of seedlings (e.g. all from same parent plant, same age, same original root length) ;

4. idea that solution used should contain other

mineral ions / named mineral ions ;

5. mention one other variable maintained / kept constant (e.g. temp, all run for same length of time, light intensity, volume of mineral solution) ;

6. reference to mechanism of judging root

{growth /eq} (to measure optimum nitrate concentration) ;

max (3)

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6BI02_01 1006

Further copies of this publication are available from Edexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN Telephone 01623 467467 Fax 01623 450481 Email [email protected] Order Code US023556 Summer 2010 For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.com/quals Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH

Page 42: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Mark Scheme (Results)

June 2010

GCE

GCE Biology (6BI07/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

Page 43: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers.

Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel’s centres receive the support they need to help them deliver their education and training programmes to learners.

For further information, please call our GCE line on 0844 576 0025, our GCSE team on 0844 576 0027, or visit our website at www.edexcel.com.

If you have any subject specific questions about the content of this Mark Scheme that require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful. Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link: http://www.edexcel.com/Aboutus/contact-us/ Alternatively, you can speak directly to a subject specialist at Edexcel on our dedicated Science telephone line: 0844 576 0037

Summer 2010

Publications Code US023567

All the material in this publication is copyright © Edexcel Ltd 2010

Page 44: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI07_01 1006

General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.

• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.

• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.

• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.

• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.

• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to: • write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order

to make the meaning clear • select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to

complex subject matter • organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when

appropriate.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.

Page 45: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI07_01 1006

GENERAL INFORMATION The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:

Symbol Meaning of symbol

; semi colon Indicates the end of a marking point

eq Indicates that credit should be given for other correct alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the Standardisation meeting

/ oblique Words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each other

{} curly brackets Indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives (separated by obliques) where necessary to avoid confusion

() round brackets Words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of the marking point but are not required to award the point

[] square brackets Words inside square brackets are instructions or guidance for examiners

[CE] or [TE] Consecutive error / transferred error Crossed out work If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be ignored. If the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for that question or part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so. Spelling and clarity In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs but not subsequently. The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in later parts of the question by correct reasoning from the earlier incorrect answer. No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for the essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows: • the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be unambiguous e.g. for amylase, ‘ammalase’ is acceptable whereas ‘amylose’ is not e.g. for glycogen, ‘glicojen’ is acceptable whereas ‘glucagen’ is not e.g. for ileum, ‘illeum’ is acceptable whereas ‘ilium’ is not e.g. for mitosis, ‘mytosis’ is acceptable whereas ‘meitosis’ is not • candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. • a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an answer

gains no mark – irrelevant material should be ignored

Page 46: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(a)(i) 1. temperature ; 2. 55 oC ;

3. pH ; 4. >7-14 ; 5. size of film / thickness of gelatine ; 6. appropriate reference to linear dimension /

area / no greater than 5 x 5 (cm) / not > 2mm (thickness) ;

7. volume of enzymes /eq ; 8. >=5<100 ml ;

max (4)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(a)(ii)

Allow appropriate reference to risk and method of reduction.

1. respiration / breathing problems / eq ; 2. use coated enzymes / eq / wear mask ;

3. possible skin reaction to enzyme /eq ; 4. wear gloves / wash with copious water /

wash bench down / dry up spills ; 5. getting enzyme into blood through cut ; 6. wear plaster / gloves ; 7. high level of alkali damages skin / eyes ; 8. gloves / goggles as appropriate ; 9. reference to enzyme damage to eyes ; 10. wear goggles / eq ;

max (4)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(b)(i) 236 ;

(1)

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6BI07_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(b)(ii) 1. axes correct (x-[Savinase], y- 1 ÷ time*1000) ; 2. axes labelled with units for x axis ;

3. correct plotting (7 points including origin) ;

4. suitable line of best fit / line joining points drawn

with straight edge ;

(4)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(b)(iii) 1. as concentration goes up , rate (accept in this

case (ecf) / 1 ÷ (mean) time *1000, goes up) / eq ;

2. ref to increase in number of active sites / eq

; 3. above 2% concentration (or their graphs

suggestion (ecf) of E, higher concentrations, have no effect on rate / reaches plateau at 2% (or suitable from their graph) ;

4. substrate concentration limiting / eq ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(b)(iv)

1. reference to wide range / variability of data ; 2. greater reliability for data at {1% / 4% / 5%} /

eq ;

3. reference to more data needed for 1.5% to allow better assessment of reliability ;

4. reference to outliers / anomalies ;

max (2)

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6BI07_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(b)(v)

1. reference to (idea of) best concentration

to use (ignore value) ; 2. reference to no improvement above this

concentration ;

3. enzyme costs money ;

4. reference to reduced cost effectiveness at higher concentrations ;

max (2)

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6BI07_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(a)(i) title should refer to columns 1 and 2 ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(a)(ii)

1. check for any bias of sponsor (e.g. funding

source) ; 2. check for credentials of contributor ;

3. reference to cross check with another source

;

4. reference to evidence of peer reviewing ;

max (2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(a)(iii)

1. no does not / eq ; 2. (because) numbers generally rise over

time / eq ;

3. (but) numbers do rise (much) in 1990s / fall 1994 to 1996 ;

(3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(b)(i) No mark for type of visual chosen

1. any diagram which depicts (roughly) correct proportions ;

2. bar or histogram should have axes labelled /

pie chart needs title and percentages in the segments ;

3. pie has key to what segments are or directly

labelled; bar / histogram has key or bars labelled on axis ;

max (2)

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Question Number

Answer Mark

2(b)(ii) 1. yes they would ; 2. as they think habitat loss is considered most

important reason for species loss ;

3. (lines 30-39) discuss (better) spending of money on this ;

4. majority would NOT agree with points made in

these lines about hunting (accept converse answer) ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(c) 1. need to add IUCN red list reference to book /

website / address / url ; ®just IUCN 2. date, 1996 ;

3. Wikipedia article url / address / title of

article ; ® just Wikipedia 4. date site visites ;

5. IUCN leaflet ; ® just IUCN 6. date 2008 ;

7. reference to title of newspaper / journal with

household questionnaire ; 8. some detail included, date, institution(s),

author(s) ;

max (4)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(d)(i)

1. Economic ; 2. about possible uses of money in conservation

of different types / eq ;

(2)

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6BI07_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(d)(ii)

(Cannot have same ref. as (d)(i)) First mark for implication and line reference Next two marks for reasons e.g.

1. ethical, lines 47-48 ; 2. ethics of keeping animals in zoos ; 3. cage environment ;

4. ethical, lines 38-39 ; 5. ethics of hunting animals ; 6. (wrong if) for ornaments, dubious

medications, trophies etc / might lead to extinction ;

7. social, lines 49-54 ; 8. part of this (social) is education ; 9. teaching, awareness ; 10. environmental, lines 30-31 ; 11. correct reference to appropriate habitat ; 12. as only place organisms can properly exist ;

max (3)

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Further copies of this publication are available from Edexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN Telephone 01623 467467 Fax 01623 450481 Email [email protected] Order Code US023567 Summer 2010 For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.com/quals Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH

Page 53: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Mark Scheme (Results)

June 2010

GCE

GCE Biology (6BI04/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

Page 54: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel’s centres receive the support they need to help them deliver their education and training programmes to learners. For further information, please call our GCE line on 0844 576 0025, our GCSE team on 0844 576 0027, or visit our website at www.edexcel.com. If you have any subject specific questions about the content of this Mark Scheme that require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful. Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link: http://www.edexcel.com/Aboutus/contact-us/ Alternatively, you can speak directly to a subject specialist at Edexcel on our dedicated Science telephone line: 0844 576 0037 Summer 2010 Publications Code UA023560 All the material in this publication is copyright © Edexcel Ltd 2010

Page 55: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI04_01 1006

General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.

• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.

• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.

• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.

• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.

• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to: • write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order

to make the meaning clear • select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to

complex subject matter • organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when

appropriate.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.

Page 56: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI04_01 1006

GENERAL INFORMATION The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:

Symbol Meaning of symbol

; semi colon Indicates the end of a marking point

eq Indicates that credit should be given for other correct alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the Standardisation meeting

/ oblique Words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each other

{} curly brackets Indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives (separated by obliques) where necessary to avoid confusion

() round brackets Words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of the marking point but are not required to award the point

[] square brackets Words inside square brackets are instructions or guidance for examiners

[CE] or [TE] Consecutive error / transferred error Crossed out work If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be ignored. If the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for that question or part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so. Spelling and clarity In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs but not subsequently. The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in later parts of the question by correct reasoning from the earlier incorrect answer. No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for the essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows: • the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be unambiguous e.g. for amylase, ‘ammalase’ is acceptable whereas ‘amylose’ is not e.g. for glycogen, ‘glicojen’ is acceptable whereas ‘glucagen’ is not e.g. for ileum, ‘illeum’ is acceptable whereas ‘ilium’ is not e.g. for mitosis, ‘mytosis’ is acceptable whereas ‘meitosis’ is not • candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. • a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an answer

gains no mark – irrelevant material should be ignored

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(a) cross next to degree of muscle concentration ; cross next to signs of decomposition ;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(b) 1. idea of SD {measures / shows} {spread /

range / eq} of data ; 2. Idea of most readings are within {+ 1 x SD / + 2 x SD} e.g. approx 60% readings within (+ )1 x SD / approx 90% readings within (+) 2 x SD ;

3. idea that as length of time increases, SD

increase / eq ;

4. idea of more variability (in temperature) as time increases / eq ;

5. comment on change in reliability of time of

death with time / eq ;

6. estimate (of time of death) can only be within a {4 / 5 / 6 / 7} hour period ;

7. use of manipulated data ;

max (4)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(c) three from the following: {(body) mass/ BMI / weight / eq} {(subcutaneous) fat /eq} surface area, {ambient / eq } temperature immersion in water age (of person at death) skin colour thickness of hair gender clothing blood loss humidity air movement {core / body} temperature at time of death ;;;

(3)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(a) 1. idea of reflection ;

2. reference. to {incorrect / eq } {wavelength /

colour / frequency} ;

3. idea of {not hitting the {chloroplast / chlorophyll}} / it is transmitted ;

4. idea of light being in excess e.g. at max.

photosynthesis so more light can be used ;

max (2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(b)(i) {joules / energy} per {square metre / metre squared /(unit) area} per {year / unit time} ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(b)(ii) Award 2 marks for correct answer (84.8 / 84.84)

1. correct subtraction (24.4 – 3.7 / 20.7) ;

2. correct multiplication by 100 ÷ 24.4 ; [consequential errors apply]

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(b)(iii) B ; (1)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(c) [QWC] (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics) must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence)

1. reference to {thylakoids / thylakoid (membranes)} ;

2. in {granum / grana} ;

3. (light energy) raises energy level of electrons

/ {chlorophyll / electrons}excited / eq ;

4. electrons released from {chlorophyll /photosystem / eq} / eq ;

5. reference to electron {carrier / eq} ;

6. reference to series of {redox / oxidation &

reduction / eq} reactions ;

7. reference to energy level of electrons {falls / eq} ;

8. reference to {synthesise ATP from ADP +P /

phosphorylate ADP} ;

9. reference to photophosphorylation ;

10. reference to ATP {synthetase / synthase / ase} ;

11. reference to {chemiosmosis / eq} ;

12. idea of electrons from {photolysis / eq} used

to replace those lost ;

13. reference to involvement of {accessory pigments / named example} ;

max (6)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(a)(i) C ; (1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(a)(ii) C ; (1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(b)(i) temperature ; (1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(b)(ii) 1. rate of growth increases as temperature

increases {between 13oC and 22oC / up to 22oC} ;

2. rate of growth decreases {between 22oC and

25oC / above 22oC} ;

3. use of manipulated data to support above e.g. increases by {0.7 (a.u.) / 4.5 times}, decreases by 0.1 (a.u.) ;

4. reference to enzymes involved (in growth) ;

5. molecules {move about more / have more

kinetic energy}, as temperature increases ;

6. (therefore) {enzyme and substrate (molecules) collide more / rate of enzyme-substrate complexes formation increases} as temperature increases ;

7. correct reference to denaturation of some

{enzyme / protein / eq} (molecules) ;

8. (therefore) rate of {growth / reactions} decreases as fewer enzyme molecules available ;

max (4)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(b)(iii) 1. idea that (each temperature) has same light

intensity ;

2. correct reference to must be above {threshold / compensation point} ;

3. (below which) no net photosynthesis takes

place / eq ;

4. reference to {so light is not limiting factor / so temperature is the limiting factor};

5. photosynthesis produces {material / eq}

needed for growth / eq ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(b)(iv) 1. {wavelength / colour / frequency} of light ;

2. CO2 concentration / eq ;

3. pH / eq (of solution) ;

4. reference to {mineral / eq} ;

max (2)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

4(a)(i) C ; (1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

4(a)(ii) A ; (1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

4(b)(i) D = antigens / (glyco)proteins ; E = B {lymphocytes / cells} / plasma cells ; F = antibodies / immunoglobulins ; G = macrophage / phagocyte / eq ; H = enzymes / lysozyme ;

(5)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

4(b)(ii) 1. reference to protein nature of {antigens /

antibodies} ;

2. antigens are specific (to each bacteria) / eq ;

3. antibodies need to be {complementary / specific} (to the antigen) ;

4. idea that {binding / eq} can take place ;

5. (some bacteria) have {different / changed}

antigens / eq ;

6. idea that this is a primary infection ;

7. reference to {mucus / slime} {coat /capsule} (of bacterial cells) ;

8. idea that some bacteria are inside body cells

;

9. idea of antibodies already present e.g. from passive immunity or breast feeding ;

max (3)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

5(a) Description DNA

only RNA only

Both DNA and RNA

Polymer formed from a single strand of nucleotides

Pentose present in the nucleotides

Adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine present

Nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds

all rows correct 2 marks two or three rows correct 1 mark

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

5(b)(i) 1. DNA strands {separate / unzip / eq} ;

2. idea that one DNA {strand / eq} used as

template (to form mRNA) / eq ;

3. from free nucleotides / eq ;

4. reference to complementary base pairing ;

5. reference to hydrogen bonding ;

6. correct reference to {RNA-polymerase / DNA helicase} ;

7. credit correct sequence of bases on {mRNA /

DNA} ;

max (3)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

5(b)(ii)

1. reference to specific amino acid attachment to tRNA ;

2. idea that anticodon (on tRNA) {attaches /

binds / lines up / eq} to the {codon / triplet} on mRNA ;

3. example quoted using the information in the

diagram e.g. tRNA with alanine has CGA anticodon which binds to GCU on mRNA ;

4. idea that two tRNA held in ribosome (at any

one time) ;

5. reference to formation of peptide {bonds / links} (between adjacent amino acids) ;

6. reference to peptidyl transferase ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

5(c) 1. stop codon ;

2. used to end the {sequencing / further

attachment of tRNA / eq} ;

3. release of the {polypeptide / ribosome} /eq ;

max (2)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

6(a) 1. idea that individuals of a species can

{interbreed / eq} ;

2. to produce fertile {offspring / eq} ;

3. the {hybrids / offspring} can flower and produce viable seeds / eq ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

6(b)(i) 1. {variety / eq} of alleles ;

2. in a gene pool / eq ;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

6(b)(ii) 1. different alleles in each of the two

{populations / eq} ;

2. each {population / species} is adapted to live {in different environmental conditions / at different altitudes / eq} ;

3. there will have been different mutations in

each population ;

4. reference to alleles from different {species /eq } will mix / hybrids receive alleles from both { species / eq} ;

max (2)

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Question Number

Answer Mark

*6(c) QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence)

1. reference to original population increasing in size and spreading into a wider diversity of {habitats / eq} ;

2. reference to mutations ;

3. leading to diversity in flowering times / eq ;

4. (and) other plant features / eq ;

5. reference to reproductive isolation ;

6. restriction in gene flow / eq ;

7. between extremes of population / eq ;

8. reference to different environmental factors in

each region ;

9. each region has different selection pressures / eq ;

10. idea of plants adapted to a region ;

11. reference to survival and breeding ;

12. reference to change in allele frequencies

(over time) ;

13. (leads to) differences between gene pools / eq ;

max (6)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(a) 1. reference to {carbon / organic / eq}

compounds in plant material ; 2. idea that digestion provides respiratory

substrates ;

3. carbon dioxide released (from respiration) ;

4. (this carbon dioxide is) available for photosynthesis ;

5. reference to woodlice {eaten / decompose} ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(b)(i) A ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(b)(ii) 1. {wavelength / colour / frequency} of light ;

2. light intensity / shading ;

3. temperature ;

4. moisture content of {air / substratum / eq} /

humidity ;

5. {pH / chemical composition / eq} of {substratum / eq} ;

6. air currents / wind / eq ;

7. texture of substratum / eq ;

8. reference to {oxygen / carbon / methane} ;

max (2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(c)(i) 8 3 9 1 10 1

All three answers correct to 1 significant figure ;

(1)

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Question Number

Answer Mark

7(c)(ii) 1. woodlice move about / eq ;

2. (therefore) difficult to count / eq ;

3. some might be {counted more than once /

missed out} / eq ;

max (2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

7(c)(iii) 1. for results to be (scientifically) valid ; 2. only one factor needs to be varied / eq ;

3. other factors need to be kept constant / eq ;

4. reference to {many / biotic / eq} factors (in a

garden) ;

5. (these factors are) {difficult to control / eq} ;

6. reference to difficult to set test factor values ;

max (3)

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Question Number

Answer Mark

8(a) Description Name of

structure P, E or B

Enclosed by outer smooth membrane inner membrane folded forming cristae

Mitochondrion / mitochondria

E / eukaryotic

Long strand-like structure extending out from the cell Used for locomotion

Flagellum / flagella

B / both

Small, circular loop of double-stranded DNA

plasmid P / prokaryotic

1 mark for any two correct cells ;;;

(3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

8(b)(i) bactericidal ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

8(b)(ii) 1. cell wall {weaker /cannot form properly / eq}

;

2. {cell / cell wall} bursts (easily) / eq ;

3. during division /eq ;

max (2)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

8(b)(iii) 1. reference to antibiotic acting as selective

pressure ;

2. reference to some bacteria resistant (to antibiotic) ;

3. idea that resistant bacteria survive and

{reproduce / pass on resistance / pass on gene / eq};

4. idea that antibiotic no longer effective ;

5. reference to some infections cannot be treated with antibiotics ;

max (2)

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6BI04_01 1006

Question Number

Answer Mark

8(c) 1. idea of bacteria distributed evenly /

description of technique e.g. lawn spreading ;

2. description of method used to apply different antibiotics at known positions e.g. multidisks, wells in agar ;

3. reference to control of antibiotic

concentration ;

4. reference to {sterile / aseptic} technique ;

5. reference to incubation at a suitable temperature ;

6. description of how effect is assessed e.g.

measure {clear area / inhibition zone / eq} ;

7. reference to replication (with same bacterium) ;

8. reference to repetition with different

bacteria ;

max (4)

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6BI04_01 1006

Further copies of this publication are available from Edexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN Telephone 01623 467467 Fax 01623 450481

Email [email protected]

Order Code UA023560 Summer 2010 For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.com/quals Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH

Page 74: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Mark Scheme (Results)

June 2010

GCE

GCE Biology (6BI05/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

Page 75: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel’s centres receive the support they need to help them deliver their education and training programmes to learners. For further information, please call our GCE line on 0844 576 0025, our GCSE team on 0844 576 0027, or visit our website at www.edexcel.com. If you have any subject specific questions about the content of this Mark Scheme that require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful. Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link: http://www.edexcel.com/Aboutus/contact-us/ Alternatively, you can speak directly to a subject specialist at Edexcel on our dedicated Science telephone line: 0844 576 0037 Summer 2010 Publications Code UA023563 All the material in this publication is copyright © Edexcel Ltd 2010

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6BI05_01 1006

General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.

• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.

• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.

• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.

• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.

• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to: • write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order

to make the meaning clear • select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to

complex subject matter • organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when

appropriate.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.

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6BI05_01 1006

GENERAL INFORMATION The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:

Symbol Meaning of symbol

; semi colon Indicates the end of a marking point

eq Indicates that credit should be given for other correct alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the Standardisation meeting

/ oblique Words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each other

{} curly brackets Indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives (separated by obliques) where necessary to avoid confusion

() round brackets Words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of the marking point but are not required to award the point

[] square brackets Words inside square brackets are instructions or guidance for examiners

[CE] or [TE] Consecutive error / transferred error Crossed out work If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be ignored. If the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for that question or part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so. Spelling and clarity In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs but not subsequently. The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in later parts of the question by correct reasoning from the earlier incorrect answer. No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for the essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows: • the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be unambiguous e.g. for amylase, ‘ammalase’ is acceptable whereas ‘amylose’ is not e.g. for glycogen, ‘glicojen’ is acceptable whereas ‘glucagen’ is not e.g. for ileum, ‘illeum’ is acceptable whereas ‘ilium’ is not e.g. for mitosis, ‘mytosis’ is acceptable whereas ‘meitosis’ is not • candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. • a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an answer

gains no mark – irrelevant material should be ignored

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

1(a) 1. nature of abnormality e.g. bleeding, ref. to density ; 2. {location / eq} of abnormality ;

3. {extent / size/ eq} of abnormality ;

4. likely problems e.g. accessibility for surgery ;

max (2)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

1(b) 1. (found in) different {regions / eq} of brain / eq ; 2. the right hand brain has {more / two/ eq}

abnormalities ; 3. different areas of brain have different functions / eq ;

4. {symptoms / eq} depend on region of brain affected /

eq ;

5. idea of different types of abnormality can cause different symptoms ;

max (2)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

1(c) 1. detects level of oxygenation of the blood /measures

changes in blood flow within brain / eq ; 2. {increased flow / more oxygen / eq} suggests increased

activity / eq ;

3. study brain activity related to {stimuli / tasks / eq} ;

max (2)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

1(d)

W X Y Z

Regulating core temperature ;

Climbing stairs ;

Regulating carbon dioxide in the blood

;

Choosing a gift ;

(4)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

2(a) 1. depolarisation of adjacent {membrane / eq} / eq ; 2. changes PD across membrane / eq ;

3. opens sodium {gates / eq} ;

4. sodium ions move into (the neurone) ;

max (2)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

2(b)

Position on diagram

Permeable to sodium ions

Permeable to potassium

ions

A ;

D ;

(2)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

2(c) 1. correct {reference to / description of} diffusion

gradient (of potassium ions) ; 2. correct {reference to / description of} electrochemical

gradient ;

3. increased permeability (of membrane) to potassium ions / eq ;

4. reference to potassium {gates / eq} open / eq ;

5. reference to sodium {gates / eq} closed / eq ;

max (3)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

2(d) 1. PD less negative / eq 2. idea that the membrane remains permeable to

potassium ions ; 3. potassium ions {move because of charge difference /

eq} ;

4. into {nerve cell / neurone / axon / eq} ;

5. idea that potassium ion is removing a positive charge (from the outside) ;

6. idea that equilibrium is established e.g. diffusion

gradient balanced by potential difference ;

max (3)

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6BI05_01 1006

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

3(a) 1. carbon dioxide produced in respiration / eq ; 2. affects {volume / pressure} of gas / eq ;

3. allows measurement of oxygen used / eq ;

max (2)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

3(b)(i) Two marks for correct answer

0.8 (mm min-1) ;; if incorrect allow one mark for correct working

1. 48 ; OR 1. 12 ; 2. ÷ 60 to give answer ; OR 2. ÷ 15 to give answer

(2)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

3(b)(ii) 1. no oxygen available/no oxygen uptake ; 2. reference to anaerobic respiration ;

3. carbon dioxide produced is absorbed / eq ;

4. no (net) change of {volume / pressure} of gas ;

max (2)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

3(b)(iii) 1. {mass / eq} of organism may differ ; 2. use same mass / express results per unit mass / eq ;

3. temperature changes / eq ; 4. control temperature using a water bath / eq ; 5. pressure may affect volume of gas / eq ; 6. use of control with no organisms, at the same time / eq

;

max (4)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

4(a) 1. {initiates / eq} heartbeat / eq ; 2. (starts) wave of excitation / depolarisation ;

3. {determines / eq} heart rate ;

max (2)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

4(b) 1. {increased / eq} impulses to SAN / eq ; 2. (via) sympathetic {nervous system / eq } ; 3. stimulates more frequent depolarisation in SAN / eq ;

4. increases {heart rate / cardiac output} /eq ;

max (2)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

*4(c) (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics) must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence)

1. changes {electrical activity / depolarisation} of heart / eq ;

2. peak is reversed / eq ;

3. idea that peak is earlier than expected ;

4. no change in pressure in pulmonary artery ;

5. (because) little blood in ventricles ;

6. missed normal wave after E / longer gap before next

wave / eq ;

7. missed (effective) contraction after E ;

8. early depolarisation leaves ventricle insensitive ;

9. idea that the wave of depolarisation is prevented ;

10. reference to refractory period / eq ;

max (5)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

4(d) 1. idea that (absolutists) say drugs should not be used at

any time ; 2. should not allow athletes to be pressured into using

drugs ; 3. risk to health / eq ; 4. gain unfair advantage / eq ;

5. other harmful substances banned / eq ;

6. burden on care services / eq ;

7. idea that (relativists) say that drugs could be used

under some circumstances ;

8. idea that they could be used for medication ;

9. drugs (in the body) can be difficult to legislate for / eq ;

max (2)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

5(a) Mark for each correct row

;;

Muscle contracted when Muscle Holding steady Lifting upwards

Extensor X

Flexor X X

(2)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

5(b)

tendons ; (1)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

5(c) 1. idea that muscles cannot extend themselves ; 2. need opposing muscle to extend / eq ;

3. antagonistic muscle allows control (of movement) / eq

;

max (2)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

5(d) 1. all fibres same length and width as original ; 2. Z lines closer together ;

3. more overlap of actin and myosin ;

(3)

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6BI05_01 1006

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

*5(e) QWC (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics) must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence)

1. reference to {vesicles / t-tubules / sarcoplasmic reticulum} contain calcium ions ;

2. {binds / eq} to troponin ;

3. tropomyosin moves exposing binding sites / eq ;

4. for myosin /eq ;

5. needs ATP to remove calcium ions / eq ;

6. ATP provides energy for changing shape of myosin / eq

;

7. ATP is required to {break cross bridges / eq} ;

8. ATP for synthesis of neurotransmitter / eq ;

max (5)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

6(a)

ATPase / ATP synthetase ; (1)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

6(b) 1. (H+ ions) from reduced NAD / eq ; 2. H+ ions pumped into inter membrane space / eq ;

3. reference to energy needed (for pump) / eq ;

4. reference to movement of electrons along ETC /eq;

5. (ETC on) inner membrane / cristae;

max (3)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

6(c) 1. H+ ions follow diffusion gradient / eq ; 2. idea that this causes an energy change or makes

energy available ;

3. ATP is formed / eq ;

4. idea that this occurs on stalked particles ;

5. ATP is energy source for (biological processes) / eq ;

max (2)

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6BI05_01 1006

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

7(a) 1. idea that enzymes are proteins ; 2. reference to transcription ;

3. gene / eq ; 4. reference to mRNA ;

5. reference to translation (of mRNA) ;

6. reference to genetic code / eq ;

7. reference to {ribosome / polysomes} ;

8. reference to tRNA ;

9. idea that amino acids bonded / polypeptide produced ;

max (4)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

7(b) 1. adrenoceptors are {proteins / glycoproteins} ;

2. phospholipids can move in the membrane / eq ;

3. can be {added to / removed from / move around in}

{phospholipid bilayer / membrane} ;

4. adrenroceptors can interact with phospholipids e.g. {hydrophobic / hydrophilic} interactions ;

max (2)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

7(c) 1. {incomplete / insufficient} data / eq ; 2. different interpretations of data / eq ;

3. & 4. credit any two examples from the text

e.g. evidence from noradrenaline, electrical stimulation, multifactorial problem, antidepressant drugs, pain killers, gender ;;

max (3)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

*7(d)(i) (QWC – Spelling of technical terms (shown in italics) must be correct and the answer must be organised in a logical sequence) Drug therapy

1. idea that it affects the whole brain ; 2. idea that it is difficult to get dose right ;

DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation)

3. targets specific area of the brain / eq ; 4. relieves tremors /eq ; 5. has effects on {other areas of the brain / other cell

types} ; 6. has short term side effects e.g. laughing, crying ; 7. has long term side effects e.g. depression, mood

swings, suicidal tendencies ; 8. invasive procedure has risk / eq ;

Gene therapy

9. corrects chemical imbalance / eq ; 10. precise group of cells affected / eq ;

Light therapy

11. very precise effects / eq ; 12. requires genetic modification / eq ; 13. genes from different species / eq ;

General (Gene or light therapy) 14. dangers of using virus as vector / eq ; 15. ethical issues of genetic modification / eq ;

max (7)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

7(d)(ii) 1. both caused by {lack / eq} of neurotransmitter ; 2. Parkinson’s {lack / eq} of dopamine ;

3. depression {lack / eq} of serotonin ;

max (2)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

7(e) 1. light affects pigments / eq ; 2. rhodopsin / iodopsin (in mammals) ; 3. (changes in pigment) result in action potentials /nerve

impulses / eq ;

4. pigments (in cones) respond to {specific / eq} wavelength / eq ;

max (3)

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

7(f) 1. virus acts as a vector ; 2. reference to human cold virus ; 3. virus has specific surface proteins / eq ; 4. match surface{proteins / receptors / eq} of target cell

;

5. binding to surface protein promotes entry to cell / eq ;

6. idea that genes can be incorporated into {host DNA /

eq}

max (3)

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6BI05_01 1006

Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

7(g) 1. {causes / involved in / eq} inflammation / eq ; 2. vasodilation / eq ;

3. increased blood flow / eq ;

4. increased {permeability / leakage} of blood vessels ;

5. Oedema / swelling / eq ;

6. reference to temperature increase ;

7. reference to histamine / mast cells ;

8. idea that phagocytes / macrophages move to site ;

max (2)

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Question Number

Correct Answer Mark

7(h) 1. representative sample / eq ; 2. (sufficiently) large sample / eq ;

3. double blind testing ;

4. reference to placebo ;

5. objective measurement of effects / eq ;

6. (collecting / analysing) separate data sets for males

and female / eq ;

7. other factors need to be {controlled / measured} e.g. hormone levels in females, socioeconomic, nutrition ;

8. reference to other models e.g. animals, tissue culture

;

9. appropriate comment on safety issues e.g. toxicity ;

10. consideration of time e.g. between dose and observation, long term data ;

max (4)

Page 95: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI05_01 1006

Further copies of this publication are available from Edexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN Telephone 01623 467467 Fax 01623 450481

Email [email protected]

Order Code UA023563 Summer 2010 For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.com/quals Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH

Page 96: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

Mark Scheme (Results)

June 2010

GCE

GCE Biology (6BI08/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

Page 97: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI08_01 1006

Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers.

Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel’s centres receive the support they need to help them deliver their education and training programmes to learners.

For further information, please call our GCE line on 0844 576 0025, our GCSE team on 0844 576 0027, or visit our website at www.edexcel.com.

If you have any subject specific questions about the content of this Mark Scheme that require the help of a subject specialist, you may find our Ask The Expert email service helpful. Ask The Expert can be accessed online at the following link: http://www.edexcel.com/Aboutus/contact-us/ Alternatively, you can speak directly to a subject specialist at Edexcel on our dedicated Science telephone line: 0844 576 0037

Summer 2010

Publications Code UA023570 All the material in this publication is copyright © Edexcel Ltd 2010

Page 98: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI08_01 1006

General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.

• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately.

• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.

• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.

• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.

• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to: • write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order

to make the meaning clear • select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to

complex subject matter • organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when

appropriate.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.

Page 99: 6BI01 6BI02 6BI07 6BI04 6BI05 6BI08 Summer 2010 Mark Scheme

6BI08_01 1006

GENERAL INFORMATION The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:

Symbol Meaning of symbol

; semi colon Indicates the end of a marking point

eq Indicates that credit should be given for other correct alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the Standardisation meeting

/ oblique Words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each other

{} curly brackets Indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives (separated by obliques) where necessary to avoid confusion

() round brackets Words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of the marking point but are not required to award the point

[] square brackets Words inside square brackets are instructions or guidance for examiners

[CE] or [TE] Consecutive error / transferred error Crossed out work If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be ignored. If the candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for that question or part question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so. Spelling and clarity In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs but not subsequently. The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in later parts of the question by correct reasoning from the earlier incorrect answer. No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for the essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows: • the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be unambiguous e.g. for amylase, ‘ammalase’ is acceptable whereas ‘amylose’ is not e.g. for glycogen, ‘glicojen’ is acceptable whereas ‘glucagen’ is not e.g. for ileum, ‘illeum’ is acceptable whereas ‘ilium’ is not e.g. for mitosis, ‘mytosis’ is acceptable whereas ‘meitosis’ is not • candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. • a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an answer

gains no mark – irrelevant material should be ignored

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Question Number

Answer Mark

1(a)(i) Factor suitable factor stated e.g. temperature /age / storage / duration / prior treatment with solvent / pH / bile salts /eq ; Hypothesis hypothesis must be testable ;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(a)(ii) 1. reference to effect on the permeability of

the membrane (of cell or vacuole) ; 2. reference to which part of the membrane

affected e.g. {phospholipids / proteins} ;

3. explanation of how membrane component affected e.g.{ movement or solubility of phospholipids / denaturation of protein} / eq ;

4. reference to {betalain / pigment / red

colour} leaking from the {cells / vacuoles} ;

5. suitable trend suggested for stated factor e.g. increasing temperature has {no / little effect} at low temperature but a greater effect at high temperature / increasing alcohol concentration increases permeability ;

max (3)

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Question Number

Answer Mark

1(b)(i) 1. {volume / mass / surface area} of beetroot

(cylinders) used / eq ; 2. {type / source / variety / eq} of beetroot

used;

3. age of beetroot / eq;

4. volume of water used / eq ;

5. time spent in {solution / water / tube / eq} ;

6. pH ;

7. any other suitable variable ;

max (2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(b)(ii) Factor controlled

1. suitable control method described e.g. temperature by using a water bath / eq ;

Description of effect

2. description of likely effect on the dependent variable provided e.g increased temperature increases leakage of pigment / eq ;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

1(c) 1. reference to measuring colour of solution ; 2. appropriate method of reducing error

described e.g. use of suitable reference {cuvette / solution} / reference to calibration / reference to suitable filter used / eq ;

(2)

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Question Number

Answer Mark

2(a) there will be no significant difference in the number of red blood cells in the blood of the athletes before and after the mountain training / eq ;

(1)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(b) 1. suitable table format ; 2. correct column headings with units ;

3. all differences calculated correctly ;

4. differences include suitable – sign for A and I ;

Number of red blood cells (x1012)per dm3

Athlete before mountain training

after mountain training

Difference

A 5.0 4.9 -0.1 B 5.1 5.3 0.2 C 4.9 5.7 0.8 D 5.3 5.5 0.2 E 5.4 5.6 0.2 F 5.0 5.4 0.4 G 4.8 5.3 0.5 H 5.1 5.6 0.5 I 5.5 5.1 -0.4

(4)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(c) 1. athlete A / C / I ; 2. for {A / I} red blood cell count decreased

(after mountain training) / for C increase greater than others / eq ;

(2)

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Question Number

Answer Mark

2(d) 1. {5.1 / 5.12} x1012 / eq ;

2. {5.4 / 5.38} x1012 / eq ;

(2)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(e) A axes correct orientation and scale with units and labels ; F data plotted as bar chart ; P bars plotted correctly ; B range bar included ;

(3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

2(f) 1. the value of t is greater than {critical value /

2.12} / eq ; 2. at the 95% confidence level /reference to

probability 0.05 / significance {5% /0.05} / eq ;

3. therefore there is an increase in the number

of red blood cells (per dm3 of blood) in the athletes after (2 weeks of mountain) training / eq ;

max (3)

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Question Number

Answer Mark

3(a) 1. reference to an appropriate sampling technique

e.g. need some form of systematic sampling to provide a suitable range of distances seeds are placed apart from each other ;

2. & 3 . credit any two appropriate safety issue e.g.

suitable reference to lack of danger, consideration as to whether parsnip seeds are poisonous, reference to dangerous animals, washing hands ; ;

4. reference to an appropriate ethical issue

e.g. lack of ethical considerations in growing parsnip seedlings ;

max (3)

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(b) 1. practice method / see if method will work / eq ; 2. check most suitable {conditions / seasons / eq}

for {growth/ germination} (of parsnip seeds) ;

3. select suitable timescale (for measuring germination / growth rates) / eq ;

4. identify other variables that may need to be

taken into account / eq ;

5. reference to use same {source / variety} of parsnip seeds ;

6. to determine appropriate dependent variable

/ eq ;

max (4)

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Question Number

Answer Mark

3 (c)

1. clear statement of dependent variable i.e.

exactly what is to be measured stated (percentage / eq} of seeds germinated / mass of {parsnips / eq) ;

2. measurement method described ; 3. clear statement of a suitable independent

variable e.g. sowing density ;

4. {distances apart / densities} for parsnip seeds suggested ;

5. reference to consideration of source of the

parsnip seeds (to reduce variation) ;

6. suitable medium for germination of seeds suggested (compost / moist cotton wool / plant tissue culture / eq) ;

7. some clear consideration of time period over

which the seeds will be {measured / allowed to germinate / eq} ;

8. identification of one other variable that could

affect growth / germination ;

9. description of how this variable can be controlled ;

10. identification of a second variable that could

affect growth / germination ;

11. description of how second variable can be controlled ;

12. clear reference to need for repeats ;

(8) + (2) QWC

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QWC award up to 2 marks level Mark Descriptor

Level 1 0 The account is very disorganised and is very difficult to follow.

Scientific vocabulary is very limited with many spelling and grammatical errors.

Level 2 1 There is some disorganisation in the account which is not always in the correct sequence. Some relevant scientific vocabulary is used. The account is not always in continuous prose and there are grammatical errors and some important spelling mistakes.

Level 3 2 The account is well organised with no undue repetition and a correct sequence. There is good use of scientific vocabulary in the context of the investigation described. The account is written in continuous prose which is grammatically sound with no major spelling errors.

Question Number

Answer Mark

3(d) 1. clear table which matches method description

with headings and units ; 2. reference to means calculated from repeat data ;

3. graph format appropriate to data ;

4. statistical test appropriate to data e.g. use of

{Spearman’s Rank / eq} for correlation / suitable test to compare numbers germinated {t- test/ Mann-Whitney U test/ Chi – squared / eq} ;

5. statistical test justified /eq ;

max (4)

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Question Number

Answer Mark

3(e) 1. difficult to control all factors (affecting yield) /

eq ; 2. impossible to control natural variation of seeds /

genetic factors / eq ;

3. timing of germination may be erratic / eq ;

4. measuring {germination / eq} does not necessarily correspond to yield of crop / eq ;

5. {controlled / experimental / eq} conditions may

not represent natural growing conditions / eq ;

6. any other appropriate limitation ;

max (3)

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Further copies of this publication are available from Edexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN Telephone 01623 467467 Fax 01623 450481 Email [email protected] Order Code UA023570 Summer 2010 For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.com/quals Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7BH