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5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable Cotton Gin ----Eli Whitney---1791 South relied on cotton and slaves. Cotton production doubles every 10 years King Cotton 6. Southern society 7. Facts on Slavery 8. Why did the South fight a war to preserve slavery when ¾ of Southerner’s did not own slaves? American Dream
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5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791 South relied on cotton and.

Dec 16, 2015

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Page 1: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable

Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791 South relied on cotton and slaves. Cotton production doubles every 10 years

King Cotton

6. Southern society7. Facts on Slavery

8. Why did the South fight a war to preserve slavery when ¾ of Southerner’s did not own slaves?

American Dream

Page 2: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

9. SOCIAL OUTCRY AGAINST SLAVERY· Rise of abolitionists----1830 to 1860

· William Lloyd Garrison· Frederick Douglass· Harriet Tubman· Harriet Beecher Stowe

10. Did slaves revolt against slavery?· Slave revolts Slave codes

Page 3: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

1791: 4,000 bales of cotton are produced1849: 2, 246, 900 bales of cotton are produced

6 cents a lb. to 14 cents in 1857Expanded into Arkansas and Texas

Crop increase: 2,500,000 bales in 1850 to 5,300,000 in 1860Crop Value: In 1800, $8 million: In 1860, $250 millionTobacco by 1860 : 200,000,000 lbs. to 430,000,000 lbs.

The invention which changed

the South, cotton, and

slavery.

The invention which changed

the South, cotton, and

slavery.

Page 4: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.
Page 5: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Trial of tears

• Total U.S. population

was 3.5 million…

• 700,000 slaves in

the U.S. at this time.

• Still bought slaves

through the slave trade.

Page 6: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Trial of tears

• Total U.S. population was 18

million• 2 million slaves in

the U.S. at this time.

• 1808, importation of slaves was

illegal• Slave trade within

the U.S.• Increase of slave

population was from natural reproduction

Page 7: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Trial of tears

33 million U.S. population, 4 million slaves in the South

Page 8: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Map Crops in South

COTTON BELT, Cotton

Kingdom

Page 9: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Federal

• Southern society was similar to a Feudal

system that existed in Europe during the Dark

and Middle Ages…..(Manorial System)

• Caste system and difficult to move up the

social ladder.• Based on white

supremacy and the slave was inferior.

Plantation owners

AristocracyMiddle ClassSmall

farmersPoor

WhitesFree Blacks, 2nd class citizens

Slaves---no rights, considered property

No political or civil rights.

Upper class

Owned some slaves. Achieve

American Dream

Owned no slaves….Hated white

upper class…American Dream

Page 10: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

• At the Constitutional Convention • 3/5’s Compromise• 1807, imported slaves was abolished in the U.S.• Fugitive Slave Law

• 90% of Europe’s cotton came from the South by 1860• 1/2 of U.S. exports were from cotton• More money invested in slaves than land and tools---$2

billion• North looked to property as value, South’s value lay in

human property

Conditions on a slave ship were horrible. This was called the Middle Passage.

Conditions on a slave ship were horrible. This was called the Middle Passage.

Page 11: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

• More slaves you had the greater social status• 2/3’s of presidents since independence were

slaveowners• Majority of Supreme Court justices were from the South

Page 12: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

• More millionaires in the South than the North• 75% of the cotton harvest was done by

plantations with10 or more slaves.• Slave population grew from natural reproduction

• There was a slave trade within the U.S.

Facts on slavery

Slaves being sold at an

auction was prevalent

throughout the Southern U.S. right up to the

Civil War.

Page 13: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Picture/Cotton Kingdom

• No political or civil rights to protect slaves

• U.S. was the largest slave institution in the world by

1860• U.S. produced 7/8’s of

world’s cotton supply• Peculiar Institution, to own

another human being is immoral.

• Cotton is King/King Cotton• South was not willing to

change• Always felt isolated and threatened from the rest of

the U.S. (minority?)

Page 14: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Chart/Total slaves

Page 15: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 2+ 5+ 10+ 20+ 50+

Non Slaveholders SlaveholdersChart: Total Deaths

About 1,150,000 Southern white families owned no slaves---75%

About 384,000 Southern white families owned 1

slave or more---25%

Total of 1,534,000 Southern white families in 1860……A total population of 7,981,000….

Total of 1,534,000 Southern white families in 1860……A total population of 7,981,000….

(Number of slaves)

%

Page 16: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

• Statistically only 25% of

Southern families

owned slaves

• 384,000 Southern families

owned 1 or more slaves.

• 75% of Southern

families did not own slaves.

Page 17: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Chart/slave owners

• Out of the 25% of slaveowners, here is the breakdown of the number of

slaves.• 75% owned 1 to 9

slaves.• 22% owned 10 to

49 owned slaves.• 3% owned 50 or

more slaves.

• So, what the hell happened?

384,000

1860

Page 18: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

•Slaves resorted to revolts in the 13 colonies and later in the

southern U.S.

• 250 insurrections have been documented; between 1780 and

1864.

•91 African-Americans were convicted of insurrection in

Virginia alone.

•First revolt in what became the United States took place in 1526 at a Spanish settlement near the

mouth of the Pee Dee River in South Carolina.

Page 19: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

• September 9, 1739, twenty black Carolinians met near the Stono River, approximately twenty miles

southwest of Charleston. They took guns and powder from a store and killed the two

storekeepers they found there.

• "With cries of 'Liberty' and beating of drums," "the rebels raised a standard and headed south toward Spanish St. Augustine. Burned houses,

and killed white opponents.

• Largest slave uprising in the 13 colonies prior to the American Revolution.

• Slaveowners caught up with the band of 60 to 100 slaves. 20 white Carolinians and 40 black

Carolinians were killed before the rebellion was suppressed.

Stono County Rebellion

Page 20: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

•Slaves resorted to revolts in the 13 colonies and later in the southern

U.S.

•Gabriel Prosser•Denmark Vessey

•Nat Turner

Page 21: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Gabriel Prosser, (1776-1800), American leader of an aborted slave uprising, whose intention was to create a free black state in Virginia. Born near Richmond, he was the son of an African mother

who instilled in him the love of freedom. Inspired perhaps by the success of the black revolutionaries of Haiti, he plotted with other slaves, notably Jack

Bowler, in the spring of 1800 to seize the arsenal at Richmond and kill whites. On August 30, 1800, as

many as 1000 armed slaves gathered outside Richmond ready for action. A torrential downpour

and thunderstorm, however, washed away a bridge vital to the insurrectionists' march; at the same

time Governor James Monroe, the future president, was informed of the plot and dispatched the state militia against them. Prosser and some 35 of his

young comrades were captured and hanged.

Page 22: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

The leader of an American slave revolt in Charleston, S.C., Denmark Vesey, b. Africa, 1767, d. July 2, 1822, had been owned by a slave-ship captain before he purchased his freedom (1800) with

$600 won in a street lottery. As a freedman in Charleston, he worked at

carpentry, became a leader of his church, and read antislavery

literature. Determined to strike a blow against the institution that had

victimized him, he devised an intricate conspiracy for an uprising in

Charleston and vicinity during the summer of 1822. Informers divulged

the plot, however, and 35 blacks, including Vesey, were executed.

Page 23: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Nat Turner Rebellion

Nat Turner, a slave owned by Joseph Travis of Southampton, Virginia, believed that he

had been chosen by God to lead a slave rebellion. On 21st August, 1831, Turner and

seven fellow slaves, murdered Travis and his family. Over the next two days and

nights, Turner's band killed around 60 white people in Virginia. Turner had hoped that this action would cause a massive slave uprising but only 75 joined his rebellion. Over 3,000 members of the state militia

were sent to deal with Turner's gang, and they were soon defeated. In retaliation,

more than a hundred innocent slaves were killed. Turner went into hiding but was

captured six weeks later. Nat Turner was executed on 11th November, 1831.

Page 24: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Nat Turner Rebellion

Arrest of Nat Turner

Tree Nat Turner was

hung on

Page 25: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Slave Revolts

Page 26: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Besides slave revolts, slaves resorted to other ways to

revolt…..

•Wouldn’t work hard.

•Would sabotage equipment or break tools.

•Sometimes poisoned their master’s food.

•Tried to escape

•They controlled their labor; they were not “Sambo”

Page 27: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Slave Revolts would lead plantation owners to develop a

series of slave laws/codes which restricted the movement of the

slaves.• Slaves were not taught to read or write

• Restricted to the plantation• Slaves could not congregate after dark

• Slaves could not possess any type of firearm• A larger slave plantation than white in some

states

Slave owners wanted to keep their slaves ignorant of the

outside world because learning about life beyond the plantation could lead to more slave revolts

and wanting to escape.

Page 28: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

42%

45%

50%

55%

55%

56%

56%

65%

70%

74%5

7%

55% 47%

44%

44%

44%

39%

33%

30%

26%

1%

3%

1%

1%

5%

3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

White Black Free % of White to Black Population in 1860

Page 29: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Slave Codes of the State of Georgia, 1848

SEC. I. CAPITAL OFFENSES.

1. Capital crimes when punished with death.

The following shall be considered as capital offences, when committed by a slave or free person of color: insurrection, or an attempt to

excite it; committing a rape, or attempting it on a free white female; murder of a free white

person, or murder of a slave or free person of color, or poisoning of a human being; every and each of these offences shall, on conviction, be

punished with death.

Page 30: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Georgia Slave Code, 1848

2. Punishment of free persons of color for encouraging slaves.

If any free person of color commits the offence of encouraging or enticing away any slave or slaves, for the purpose of, and with the intention to aid

and assist such slave or slaves leaving the service of his or their owner or owners, or in

going to another state, such person so offending shall, for each and every such offence, on

conviction, be confined in the penitentiary at hard labor for one year.

Slave Laws

Page 31: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Georgia Slave Code, 1848

3. Punishment for teaching slaves or free persons of color to read.

If any slave, Negro, or free person of color, or any white person, shall teach any other slave, Negro,

or free person of color, to read or write either written or printed characters, the said free person

of color or slave shall be punished by fine and whipping, or fine or whipping, at the discretion of

the court.

Page 32: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

· Economically profitable

· Slavery was in the Bible

· Duty of Southerners to Christianize the slaves, Positive Good

· Provided a better life for slaves than in Africa, Positive Good

· 5th Amendment legalized and protected slavery because slaves were considered property.

· Trump Card: slavery meant that poor whites weren’t the lowest on the totem pole

Page 33: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

• Abolitionists believed slavery was immoral…..Peculiar institution or it is odd, strange or weird to own another human being.

• Abolitionists argued slavery was immoral because it violated the ideals that this country was founded on.

• All men are created equal (Dec. of Indep.)• If the U.S. was to succeed as a democratic society, slavery had to be

abolished

Abolitionists

Page 34: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

• Through his newspaper, The Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison spoke out against

slavery and for the rights of black Americans for 35 years. The tone of the paper was

established in the first issue of the paper with Garrison's editorial entitled, "To the

Public,”

“On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! no! Tell a

man whose house is on fire, to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hand of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from

the fire into which it has fallen; -- but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the

present. I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single

inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD”.

Garrison, a leader among American

abolitionists, delivered his views

with great conviction, as well as great foresight.

"Posterity," he concluded in the

editorial, "will bear testimony that I

was right

Page 35: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Picture/Douglass

Frederick Douglas

• Escaped slave in 1838• Mother was a slave and father

was white• Great speaker against slavery

• Bought his freedom for $600.00

• Wrote his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of

Frederick Douglass• Editor of the North Star--

Abolitionist paper• Friends with Garrison

• Organized the 54th Black Regiment of Mass. (Civil War)

• Escaped slave in 1838• Mother was a slave and father

was white• Great speaker against slavery

• Bought his freedom for $600.00

• Wrote his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of

Frederick Douglass• Editor of the North Star--

Abolitionist paper• Friends with Garrison

• Organized the 54th Black Regiment of Mass. (Civil War)

Page 36: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Picture/Tubman

• Harriet Tubman, Moses of her people.• Led over 300 escaped slaves out of the South

during the 1850’s.• $40,000 bounty was placed on her head• Conductor of the Underground Railroad

• Supplied money from abolitionists.

Page 37: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Map/Underground RR

Page 38: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

• Fugitive Slave Law was made law at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 as a

compromise between the North/South.

• Any escaped slaves captured in the North or free state had

to be returned to their plantation owner.

• Unpopular in the North and led to the creation of the Underground Railroad.

• Southerners became bitter towards the North because they refused to enforce it.

Page 39: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

FOLLOW THE DRINKING GOURDFollow the drinking gourd, Follow the drinking gourd, For the old man is a-waiting for to take you to freedom, If you follow

the drinking gourd

The riverbank will make a very good road, The dead trees show you the way, Left foot, peg foot, traveling on, Follow the

drinking gourd

Follow the drinking gourd, Follow the drinking gourd, For the old man is a-waiting for to take you to freedom, If you follow

the drinking gourd

The river ends between two hills, Follow the drinking gourd, There’s another river on the other side, Follow the drinking

gourd.

Follow the drinking gourd, Follow the drinking gourd, For the old man is a-waiting for to take you to freedom, If you follow

the drinking gourd

Follow the drinking gourd, Follow the drinking gourd, For the old man is a-waiting for to take you to freedom, If you follow

the drinking gourd

Where the great big river meets the little river, Follow the drinking gourd, The old man is a-waiting for to take you to

freedom, If you follow the drinking gourd.

Drinking Gourd

Page 40: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

Picture/Stowe

• Harriet Beecher Stowe,

Abolitionist, authored the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin – “So, you’re the little lady who

caused this war.”• Book was used as

propaganda to show the

inhumanity of slavery.

• Southerners were enraged by this

book and called it “lies”.

Page 41: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

• Abolitionist and transcendentalist

• Refused to pay a tax and spent a night in jail because the tax supported a war that was fought for slavery

• Mexican War

• Believer in Civil Disobedience or passive resistance---protest with non-violent actions

• Spent a night in jail over the Mexican War….

Nice beard, Thoreau!

Page 42: 5. SOUTHERN SLAVERY THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION  Prior to 1791 slavery was not profitable  Cotton Gin----Eli Whitney---1791  South relied on cotton and.

It All Builds Up, Until Kablooey!