4 4 th th REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTALLY REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT (EST) FORUM (EST) FORUM 24 24 - - 26 February 2009, Seoul 26 February 2009, Seoul
44thth REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTALLY REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTSUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
(EST) FORUM(EST) FORUM
2424--26 February 2009, Seoul26 February 2009, Seoul
Energy Consumption by SectorEnergy Consumption by Sector( 40+ Million TOE)( 40+ Million TOE)
2%
43%
4%
2%
21%
28%
DomesticOther Govt.TransportAgricultureIndustrialCommercial
Industrial Sector takes the largest slice of national energy consumption closely followed by transport sector (28%) (Source: Pakistan Energy Year Book 2006)
Indu
s
Jhelu
m
Chena
b
Ravi
Sutlej
Indus
DISPUTEDTERRITORY
Karimabad
Chilas
Sazin
Mansehra
N-15
S-1
Malakand
Chitral
TorkhamPESHAWAR
RawalpindiISLAMABAD
N-5Kharian
LAHORE
Okara
Bahawalpur
Rahimyar Khan
N-5
Mastung
Kalat
Surab
Taftan
Nok Kundi Dalbandin
Nushki
QUETTA
Chaman
N-40
N-25
Dadhar
DeraMuradJamali
Shikarpur
N-65
Jacobabad
Sukkur
N-50
Kuchlak QilaSaifullah
Zhob
DI Khan
N-70Loralai DG Khan
Muzaffargarh
SkarduDambu
Naran
Dadu
Larkana
N-55
Rajanpur
N-55
N-5
5Moro
GhotkiUbauro
Mianchannu
Mughal Kot
Retra
Parachinar
KhushalGarhN-80
MurreeKohalaN-75
MM--22
MM--11
MM--33Pindi Bhattian
Faisalabad
Khairpur
Sahiwal
Gujranwala
EE--44
MM--88 Kararo
C H I N AC H I N A
I R
A N
I R
A N
S-2
BesimaNag
Punjgur
Kohat
N-85
N-30
S-3
EE--33Wazirabad
Khanewal
EE--55
Chakothi
Kalam
Besham
N-95
N-90
Gujrat
Jhelum
Taunsa
Karakoram Pass 5575m
AbbotabadHasanabdal
Qila Abdullah
Sust
GILGITN-35
National Highways & MotorwaysNational Highways & Motorways
Lodhran
Ratodero
Muzaffarabad
Jalkhad
Leh
Karak
Jalalabad
EE--55
B A
L U C
H
I S T
A N
G I L G I T
P U
N
J A
BF
A T
A
NWFP
K A S H M I R
Khuzdar
Wad
Sibi
Naushero Firoz
Chakdara
Dir
Drosh
Saidu
Multan
K2 8611m
KhunjrabKhunjrab PassPass
N-45
Sambarial
Kotri KabirRanipur
MM--88MM--88
N-25
N-25
EE--66
EE--66
Indus
Kabul J A M U &
Super Highway
Liari
Bela
Uthal
Ormara
N-10N-5
Kotri
ThattaN-5
MM--99
ARABIAN SEAARABIAN SEA
EE--77Hoshab
GabdPleri
S I N D
Turbat
Hyderabad
Hala
KARACHI
PasniGwadarJiwani
Awaran
Duregi
Kakkar
RAIL
ROAD RAIL
95%90%
2%<1%5% 8%0
102030405060708090
100
%
Frei
ght
Traf
fic
Pass
enge
r Tr
affi
cROAD AIR
• Total roads (260,000 Km)• NHA network (11,500 Km)• Only 4 % of total roads• Carries 80% of commercial
traffic• N-5 carries 65% of this load
Broad National Transport DataBroad National Transport DataAreaArea == 796,096 Sq796,096 Sq-- kmkm
Population Population == 161 million (2007)161 million (2007)
Total Road Network Total Road Network == 260,000 kilometers260,000 kilometers
National Highways & MotorwaysNational Highways & Motorways == 11,500 11,500 KmsKms
Roads have dominant share in both transport of passengers (94%) Roads have dominant share in both transport of passengers (94%) and the Goods (97%) followed by railways.and the Goods (97%) followed by railways.
Total Number of Vehicles close to 10 million Total Number of Vehicles close to 10 million
55.4% are two Wheelers and 44% four Wheelers (including Cars)55.4% are two Wheelers and 44% four Wheelers (including Cars)
Annual growth rate is 9 %Annual growth rate is 9 %
The country offers the most attractive transit route to the CentThe country offers the most attractive transit route to the Central ral Asian countries.Asian countries.
GawadarGawadar port operationalized to further facilitate and enhance port operationalized to further facilitate and enhance movement of transitmovement of transit--traffic.traffic.
EST Policy GoalEST Policy Goal
The National EST policy aims to protect,
conserve and restore environment in order to
improve the quality of life of the citizens
through sustainable development
EST Policy Objective
Promotion of efficient, cheap & clean mass transit as the key to an environmentally sustainable transport system
Urban Transport FeaturesPuPublic transport system largely owned and blic transport system largely owned and operated by the private sector.operated by the private sector.Characterized by :Characterized by :A growing number of personal modes of transport: A growing number of personal modes of transport: (Cars, motorcycles, etc.)(Cars, motorcycles, etc.)Private Transport largely based on Mini Private Transport largely based on Mini Buses/Wagons. Buses/Wagons. Serious CongestionSerious CongestionEncroachmentsEncroachmentsInfrastructure needs to be augmented (Quality & Infrastructure needs to be augmented (Quality & Quantity)Quantity)Lack of Effective EnforcementLack of Effective Enforcement
Environmentally Sustainable Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Transport (EST) -- Action PlanAction Plan
Institutional ArrangementInstitutional ArrangementVehicle Registration, Motor Vehicle Vehicle Registration, Motor Vehicle Examination (Examination (MVEMVE’’ss), Driver Training), Driver TrainingCNG Buses (Mass Transit)CNG Buses (Mass Transit)Roadway FacilitiesRoadway FacilitiesSafetySafety
Institutional Arrangement
Government emphasis on regulatory role.Government emphasis on regulatory role.Provincial Transport Departments to play the Provincial Transport Departments to play the lead role (registration, licensing, vehicle fitness)lead role (registration, licensing, vehicle fitness)Regional Transport Authorities (Regional Transport Authorities (RTAsRTAs)/Executive )/Executive District Officers (District Officers (EDOsEDOs) are strengthened and ) are strengthened and manned by professionalsmanned by professionalsMinistry of Communications looks after the Ministry of Communications looks after the subject of road and road transport & coordinates subject of road and road transport & coordinates with the provincial governmentswith the provincial governments
Set emission standards
Improve fuel quality
Law against smoke emitting vehicles
Require periodic inspections for in-use vehicles
Educate and facilitate vehicle maintenance
STRATEGIES TO CONTROL VEHICLE EMISSIONS
Implementation Strategy- Transport
Respective entities Respective entities Initiation of monthly Transport Energy Audits by all Municipal Corporations, PIA, Private Transporters, Railways and shipping, etc.)
Provincial & district Provincial & district governments through governments through PPP modePPP mode
Up-gradation of existing Motor Vehicle Examiners (MVEs) into credible monitoring and service providers to the transport sector
Transport/ Registration Transport/ Registration AuthoritiesAuthorities
Phased tune-ups of vehicles & other energy efficient driving practices among drivers, vehicle and fleet mangers and operators
ResponsibilityInterventions
Fuel Efficiency in Transport Sector
ACTION PLANMotor Vehicle Examiners (MVE’s) to be strengthened uniformly across the country through private public partnership (PPP) by Provincial GovernmentsAll road plying vehicles to be brought under ambit of MVE through legislationPhased installation of emission control/ tune up equipment on PPP basis at retail outlets of oil companies
Annual Average Levels of Different Category Annual Average Levels of Different Category Pollutants for 1999, 2004, and 2006Pollutants for 1999, 2004, and 2006
1300130022226868105105808018.318.378.478.4%Increase/ %Increase/ DecreaseDecrease
6.56.53.63.618.818.824.024.028.828.8194194374.5374.520062006
0.70.72.52.517.017.017.017.020.920.918218234934920042004
0.50.54.44.411.211.211.711.7161616416421021019991999
MethaneMethane
(PPM)(PPM)
COCO(PPM)(PPM)
OO33(PPB)(PPB)
SOSO22(PPB)(PPB)
NoNoxx(PPB) (PPB)
PMPM1010
Ug/mUg/m33
TSPTSPUg/mUg/m33
YearYear
Ambient Air Quality Ambient Air Quality - StrategyDevelopment of Pakistan national ambient air Development of Pakistan national ambient air quality standardsquality standardsImplementation of Ambient Air Quality lawsImplementation of Ambient Air Quality lawsImprovement of fuel qualityImprovement of fuel qualityDevelopment of effective motor vehicles testing, Development of effective motor vehicles testing, inspection and maintenance programsinspection and maintenance programsEncourage environment friendly practices like Encourage environment friendly practices like conversion of automobiles to CNG fuel with use conversion of automobiles to CNG fuel with use of catalytic converter, Development of public of catalytic converter, Development of public transport infrastructuretransport infrastructure
TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATIONMain Transition StrategiesMain Transition Strategies
Minimize transportation. (Very Large Potential)Minimize transportation. (Very Large Potential)
Improve vehicle fuel economy. (Large Potential)Improve vehicle fuel economy. (Large Potential)
Shift from fossil fuels. (Small Potential)Shift from fossil fuels. (Small Potential)
Minimize commuting to work and school. (Major Minimize commuting to work and school. (Major Saving)Saving)Minimize freight transportation. (Moderate Minimize freight transportation. (Moderate Saving)Saving)
Desired OutputDesired Output
Increase in use of cleaner fuelsIncrease in use of cleaner fuels
Increase in use of nonIncrease in use of non--motorized or less motorized or less polluting forms of transportpolluting forms of transport
Modal shifts towards more efficient transport Modal shifts towards more efficient transport such as bus rapid transitsuch as bus rapid transit
Demand side traffic management (urban Demand side traffic management (urban planning, congestion taxes, traffic planning, congestion taxes, traffic segregation)segregation)
Reduction of Reduction of GHGsGHGs
Reduce GHG emissions associated with Reduce GHG emissions associated with urban transportationurban transportationGreater reliance on public transport.Greater reliance on public transport.Greater reliance on nonGreater reliance on non--motorized motorized transporttransportIncreased use of environmentally friendly Increased use of environmentally friendly vehicles and cleaner fuelsvehicles and cleaner fuels
Officially subsidized Step Officially subsidized Step Towards Sustainable TransportTowards Sustainable TransportDedicated CNG buses with minimal capital costs Dedicated CNG buses with minimal capital costs is being introduced with encouragement to local is being introduced with encouragement to local manufacturingmanufacturing
Uniform standards for minimum bus specification Uniform standards for minimum bus specification
In order to induce participation by Financial In order to induce participation by Financial Institutions, Government of Pakistan (GOP) will Institutions, Government of Pakistan (GOP) will serve as Guarantorsserve as Guarantors
Debt Equity ratio 80:20Debt Equity ratio 80:20GOP to provide upfront cash subsidyGOP to provide upfront cash subsidyFiscal incentives like exemptions/reductions Fiscal incentives like exemptions/reductions on duties/taxes would be given under the on duties/taxes would be given under the schemescheme
A Step Towards Sustainable A Step Towards Sustainable TransportTransport
Roadway FacilitiesRoadway FacilitiesProper attention to Proper attention to
Road GeometryRoad GeometryAdequate roadway facilities Adequate roadway facilities ‘‘WalkingWalking’’ -- a composite mode of transport a composite mode of transport
Continuous/ walking paths Continuous/ walking paths Traffic Engineering Units Traffic Engineering Units
Established with trained manpowerEstablished with trained manpower
Safety Safety Removal of Carriers on roofRemoval of Carriers on roof--top of Buses / top of Buses / WagonsWagonsAdequate pedestrian crossing facilities Adequate pedestrian crossing facilities Preventive and curative measures to minimize Preventive and curative measures to minimize road accidents road accidents
A Way Forward.A Way Forward.
PrivatePrivate--Public partnership is being Public partnership is being promoted and Government will facilitate promoted and Government will facilitate foreign investmentforeign investmentInstitutional capacity building and R&D Institutional capacity building and R&D activities will be undertaken with use of activities will be undertaken with use of modern technology to enhance sector modern technology to enhance sector efficiency.efficiency.Promotion of Bus Rapid Transit based on Promotion of Bus Rapid Transit based on PrivatePrivate--Public partnership Public partnership Establishment of Fast Filling CNG StationsEstablishment of Fast Filling CNG Stations