3.2 North American History

North AmericaChapter 3-2: U.S. & Canadian History

BELLRINGER

• Share a historical event from U.S. history that you remember with at least three other people in your class.

• Brainstorm together: Can you remember the date that event occurred on?

Exploration & Colonization

• In the late 1400s, the only inhabitants of North America were the many Native American tribes who lived here.

• In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain and reached the Caribbean– Many Native American populations killed by European

diseases, such as smallpox

• In the 1500s, European countries began to colonize, or settle, the new world• Spain in Florida, Sweden in Delaware, France in Canada, British

in Virginia and Massachusetts

• British colonies began importing thousands of African slaves for large southern plantations

Settling Quebec

• In 1534, French explorer Jacques Cartier claimed parts of Canada and opened a fur trade

• New France was settled in part by voyageurs, or explorers, and missionaries, who were sent by the Roman Catholic Church to share Christianity

• In 1754, war broke out between the English and French and in 1760 Britain gained control

• Because of its history, Canada has both French and English cultural influences

Revolution and Independence

• In the 1760s, American colonists protested against British taxes. The most famous protest was the Boston Tea Party in 1773

• In 1776, the colonists declared their independence by signing the Declaration of Independence.– Support from the French helped the colonists win

• In 1783, the colonists won the Revolutionary War and became an independent nation.

• This inspired nations all over the world!

U.S. Constitution

• The first government of the U.S. was called the Articles of Confederation

• In 1789, U.S. leaders met to write the U.S. constitution, a new form of government

• It divided the federal government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial

• The Constitution is changeable; states can pass amendments, or formal changes

• The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments

Expansion and Industrialization

• In 1803, Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the U.S. with the Louisiana Purchase

• The expectation that the U.S. would eventually reach the Pacific was known as Manifest Destiny

• In the 1840s, pioneers, or settlers of new land, began to spread across the continent– Santa Fe, Oregon, and Mormon Trails

• Their expansion led to the forced removal of Native Americans from their land– The Cherokee were forced to walk 116 days on the

Trail of Tears from the South to Oklahoma

Expansion and Industrialization

• Industrialization, or the shift to large-scale production, continued through the 1800s

– First textile plant in Lowell, MA

• In 1825, the Erie Canal was built to provide a route from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic

• In 1869, the transcontinental railroad crossed the entire continent

Civil War and Reconstruction

• As the U.S. grew, so did slavery in the South

• Abolition, or the movement for ending slavery, was growing popular in the North

• In 1860, 11 Southern states seceded, or formally withdrew, from the United States to form a new country known as the Confederacy

• The North went to war to reunite the Union, starting a civil war, or a war between opposing citizens in the same country

Civil War and Reconstruction, cont.

• In 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation to free the slaves

• He also delivered the Gettysburg Address

• The Union won, and the Confederacy surrendered in 1865

• After the Civil War, a program called Reconstruction forced the Southern states to recognize the new freedoms of former slaves

• In 1877, however, Reconstruction ended, and African-Americans soon lost their rights again

World Conflict

• World War I broke out in 1914

• Russia, France, and Britain vs. Germany

• The U.S. had economic alliances, or partnerships, with Great Britain and France

• The U.S. maintained its neutrality, or refusal to take sides, and worked for peace

• In 1917, when Germans sank a ship carry U.S. citizens, we joined the war against Germany

• WWI ended in 1918, and many Germans thought the terms of the peace treaty were unfair

World Conflict, cont.

• In the 1920s, the U.S. had a period of wealth, but in 1929, the Stock Market crashed

• The 1930s were a period of poverty known as the Great Depression

• In 1933, Adolf Hitler became dictator of Germany, and in 1939, he started WWII by invading the nation of Poland

• The U.S. joined the war when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, a U.S. naval base in Hawaii, on December 7, 1941

• WWII ended in Europe in May 1945 when Germany surrendered

World Conflict, cont.

• In September 1945, Japan surrendered after the U.S. two dropped atomic bombs on them

• One consequence of WWII was the Holocaust, Hitler’s organized murder of Jews and others– Almost 6 million killed

• After WWII, the U.S. and the Soviet Union became enemies and spent forty years in the Cold War, a long period of tension without fighting– Capitalism and freedom vs. communism

• In the 21st century terrorism, or violence to achieve political results, has become more common– September 11, 2001 attacks ended with the death of

Osama Bin Laden in 2011History of America in 8 Minutes (8:03)

ANY QUESTIONS?