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20 th Century Art
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Page 1: 20th Century Art

20th Century Art

Page 2: 20th Century Art

Why is it so… weird?

• Think of how much and how quickly the world has changed in the last 110 years.

• Modern art is a reflection of that turbulence.

• Cameras make realistic art obsolete.

• Mass production makes art marketable

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• Like the mannerists who followed Michelangelo and co., the artists of the 20th century valued originality and innovation over just beauty.– If you can’t please the public, shock it.

• Realistic doesn’t equal “good” art. Instead, go back to the 4 questions:– What do I see?– What do I know about what I see?– What was the artist trying to do/say?– How successful was he/she?

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The Moderns1900-1914

Matisse• Not realistic

– Simple lines & figures – Bright colors– Not concerned about

distance /three-dimensionality

La Danse, 1910

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Fauves“Wild Beasts”

• French artists Inspired by African and Oceanic art

= Modern art that looks primitive

Derain,

Landscape at Cassis,

1907

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Pablo Picasso

1881-1973

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• The master of many styles and mediums• Early paintings are very realistic

• The most famous and the greatest artist of the 20th century

Science and Charity, 1897

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• Painted the outcasts of society; lived in total poverty.

• Went through periods of color dominance:– The Blue Period– The Rose Period

• With his friend, Georges Braque, developed Cubism

Life, 1903

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Cubism

• Shatter a glass sculpture, pick up the pieces, glue them on a canvas = Cubism!

• Shows several different perspectives of the same subject at the same time

• Like a round world sliced up to show all the parts.(Remember, this is the same time that

Einstein’s coming up with the theory of relativity/the 4th dimension!)

• Background and foreground overlap, the subject dissolves into pattern.

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Les Demoiselles d’Avignon1907

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Carafe, Jug, and Fruit Bowl

1909

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L’Accordeoniste,

1911

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Guernica1937

On April 27, 1937, Franco (Spain’s dictator) gave Hitler permission to test their new air bombs on a village in northern Spain, Guernica.

When Picasso read accounts of it in the newspapers, he immediately began the plans for the 286 square-foot mural, Guernica.

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Guernica

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Abstract Art

• Simplifies things – a man = a stick figure, a squiggle = a wave, red = anger

• It’s about symbolism, capturing the essence of reality in a few lines and colors

• Think “visual music” (this is when jazz was developed in America)

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Wassily Kandinsky(1866-1944)

Patterns that are just beautiful, even if they don’t “mean” anything

Composition VII, 1913

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Piet Mondrain (1872-1944)

Composition with Yellow, Blue and Red, 1937-1942

Painting at its most basic elements: black lines +

white canvas +

primary colors

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Henry Moore1898-1986

“Carved the human body with the epic scale and restless poses of Michelangelo but with the crude rocks and simple lines of the Primitives.”

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Expressionism• WWI left 10 million dead and killed the

optimism and faith in mankind that lead Europe since the Renaissance.

Postwar Europe = Cynicism and decadence

• Artists “expressed” their disgust by showing a distorted reality that emphasized the ugly.

- Lurid colors and simplified figures of the Fauves, but with a haunted, harsh tone.

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The Scream, Edvard Munch,

1893(during the Post-Impressionist

period, but still a model of Expressionism)

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Compare the two versions of terror, less than 75 years apart.

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Dada

• Artistic grief became twisted humor

+ resentment of the bourgeoisie/pompous intellectuals

= Art that is outrageous, offensive, and meant to give traditional culture the finger.

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Fountain, Marcel Duchamp, 1917

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Duchamp

Nude Descending a Stair No. 2

1912

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Surrealism

• “Beyond realism” – a mixed bag of reality

• A juxtaposition of images that you have to try to connect.

• If it doesn’t connect, then the artist has still forced you to think in new ways = success!

• Sigmund Freud also came along, introducing the idea of the subconscious and the importance of dreams.

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Salvador Dali(1904-1989)

• Most famous surrealist

• Painted, with amazing realism, “random” objects to create an emotional punch.

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Dali, Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening, 1944

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Dali,

Madonna of Port Lligat,

1940

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Dali, The Persistence of Memory, 1931

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Rene Magritte1898-1967

The Son of Man, 1964

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The Treachery of Images, 1929

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M.C. Escher(1898-1972)

Drawing Hands,

1948

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Relativity,

1953

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A Blending

Keep in mind that most artists worked in a variety of styles.

For example…

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Guernica = A blend of Surrealism and Cubism

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Marc Chagall(1887-1985)

I and the Village,

1911

Cubism +

Fauvism +

Expressionism

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And then…

World War II

Art = Propaganda

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Abstract Expressionism

• Expressing emotions using only color and form

• The act of creation becomes more important than the final product

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Jackson Pollock, The She Wolf, 1943

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Pollock, Silver over Black, White, Yellow, and Red, 1948

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Pop Art

• The consumer = king!

• Art created from “pop”-ular objects, mocking pop culture by embracing it.

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Andy Warhol(1928-1987)

Campbell’s Soup Cans, 1962 Marilyn Monroe, 1962

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Ray Lichtenstein (1923-1997)

Drowning Girl, 1963

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Post-Modernism1970-present

• Art = big business

• Every object can be artistic, it just depends on context

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Installations: An artist takes over an entire room

Assemblages: Recycle trash into larger sculptures

Natural Objects: Art from nature’s objects

Conceptual Art: The idea/concept is the key

Deconstruction: Changing the familiar/Put a familiar object in a new setting

Interaction: Viewer participation

Performance Art: Mixed-media live performance

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Installation Art

Rachel Whiteread,

Embankment,

2005

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Assemblages

Raoul Hausmann,

Mechanical Head,

1920

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Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty (The Great Salt Lake), 1970

Natural Art

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Conceptual Art

Joseph Kosuth,

One and Three Chairs,

1965

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Christo and Jean-Claude, The Gates, 2005

Christo and Jean-Claude,

The Umbrellas, 1991

Deconstruction

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Christo’s Proposed

“Over the River”

Colorado Project (2013?)

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Performance Art

Video Clips:

Over the Moon, from the play Rent, Jonathan Larsen

Paintjam, Dan Dunn

Frozen Grand Central, ImprovEverywhere