©2012, TESCCC Regions of the United States. ©2012, TESCCC The Northeast Northeast Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode.

©2012, TESCCC

Regions of the United Regions of the United StatesStates

©2012, TESCCC

The NortheastThe Northeast NortheastNortheast

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, MassachusettsMaine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, , Connecticut, Connecticut, Rhode IslandRhode Island, , New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and the District of ColumbiaMaryland, and the District of Columbia

The Northeast can be subdivided into two smaller regions: 1) The Northeast can be subdivided into two smaller regions: 1) New New EnglandEngland, and 2) , and 2) Mid-Atlantic StatesMid-Atlantic States..

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Physical Geography of NortheastPhysical Geography of Northeast Northern Northern Appalachian mountainsAppalachian mountains run through run through

most of the northeastern states, causing little most of the northeastern states, causing little farmland, except in valley areas. farmland, except in valley areas.

Coastal plain is narrow, with an area between Coastal plain is narrow, with an area between the mountains and coast called the fall line.the mountains and coast called the fall line.

Deep bays exist, allowing for Deep bays exist, allowing for port townsport towns..

Jagged, rocky coastlineJagged, rocky coastline in northern areas. in northern areas.

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Climate and Vegetation of Climate and Vegetation of Northeast: Northeast: Humid ContinentalHumid Continental No Dry Season- this area receives precipitation No Dry Season- this area receives precipitation

throughout the year.throughout the year.

Cold, snowy winters and hot summers. Cold, snowy winters and hot summers.

Moderate growing season that decreases as you go Moderate growing season that decreases as you go north.north.

Vegetation is mixed forests with deciduous (shedding Vegetation is mixed forests with deciduous (shedding leaves) and coniferous (wooded plants bearing leaves) and coniferous (wooded plants bearing cones) trees. cones) trees.

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Population Geography of the Population Geography of the NortheastNortheast

Population is concentrated in the Population is concentrated in the MegalopolisMegalopolis (long (long chain of continuous metropolitan cities) that runs from chain of continuous metropolitan cities) that runs from Boston to Washington (AKA Boston to Washington (AKA BoswashBoswash).).

This is the This is the most densely populated region most densely populated region in the United in the United States.States.

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Economic Geography of the Economic Geography of the NortheastNortheast

The New England states have a long history of The New England states have a long history of maritime industry (maritime industry (fishingfishing and seafood), although and seafood), although forestryforestry exists inland with little farming. exists inland with little farming.

The Mid-Atlantic states dominate the The Mid-Atlantic states dominate the financial financial sectorsector of the U.S., advertising, manufacturing. of the U.S., advertising, manufacturing.

This region is the home to most major This region is the home to most major corporations in the United States.corporations in the United States.

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Land Use in the NortheastLand Use in the Northeast Dairy FarmingDairy Farming FarmingFarming TimberTimber Maritime ActivityMaritime Activity Some miningSome mining

Note: As you go north, the growing Note: As you go north, the growing season shortens, which limits farming. season shortens, which limits farming. In part of the Northeast, timber is a In part of the Northeast, timber is a primary economic activity.primary economic activity.

©2012, TESCCC

Economic GeographyEconomic Geography Northeast is the heart of the manufacturing core, but lately Northeast is the heart of the manufacturing core, but lately

has been termed the has been termed the RUST BELTRUST BELT. This extends into the . This extends into the Midwest.Midwest.

Why do you think it’s called the Rust belt? Where have Why do you think it’s called the Rust belt? Where have industries relocated? Why?industries relocated? Why?

Rust BeltRust Belt The The Rust BeltRust Belt is a term that gained popularity in the 1980s as the is a term that gained popularity in the 1980s as the

informal description of an area straddling the Midwestern and informal description of an area straddling the Midwestern and Northeastern United States plus small parts of the Upper South, in Northeastern United States plus small parts of the Upper South, in which local economies traditionally specialized in large scale which local economies traditionally specialized in large scale manufacturing of finished medium to heavy consumer and industrial manufacturing of finished medium to heavy consumer and industrial products, including the transportation and processing of the raw products, including the transportation and processing of the raw materials required for heavy industry. After several "boom" periods materials required for heavy industry. After several "boom" periods from the late-19th to the mid-20th century, cities in this area struggled from the late-19th to the mid-20th century, cities in this area struggled to adapt to a variety of adverse economic conditions later in the 20th to adapt to a variety of adverse economic conditions later in the 20th century, such as the movement of manufacturing facilities to the century, such as the movement of manufacturing facilities to the southeastern states with their lower labor costs, the rise of southeastern states with their lower labor costs, the rise of automation in industrial processes, a decreased need for labor in automation in industrial processes, a decreased need for labor in making steel products, and the deregulation of foreign trade policies. making steel products, and the deregulation of foreign trade policies. Places that struggled the most with these conditions soon Places that struggled the most with these conditions soon encountered several difficulties in common, including population loss, encountered several difficulties in common, including population loss, depletion of local tax revenues, and chronic high unemployment.depletion of local tax revenues, and chronic high unemployment.

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The SouthThe South States included: North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, States included: North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida,

Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, and LouisianaLouisiana

Transition States: Virginia, W. Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Transition States: Virginia, W. Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas (more on next slide)Oklahoma, and Texas (more on next slide)

©2012, TESCCC

Variations on the SouthVariations on the South Deep South-Deep South- consists of the six founding members of consists of the six founding members of

the Confederacy: S. Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, the Confederacy: S. Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, and LouisianaAlabama, Florida, and Louisiana

Appalachia Region:Appalachia Region: Virginia, W. Virginia, Tennessee, Virginia, W. Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and parts of N. Carolina, Georgia and Kentucky, and parts of N. Carolina, Georgia and AlabamaAlabama

Cajun SouthCajun South: Louisiana and East Texas: Louisiana and East Texas

Gulf Coast StatesGulf Coast States: Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, : Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, TexasLouisiana, Texas

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Physical Geography of the SouthPhysical Geography of the South Dominated by a Dominated by a wide coastal plainwide coastal plain, meandering , meandering river river

basinsbasins

What is the most prominent river basin in this region?What is the most prominent river basin in this region?

Where is its Where is its deltadelta??(A (A river deltariver delta is a landform that is formed at the mouth of a is a landform that is formed at the mouth of a river, where the river flows , where the river flows into an ocean, sea, into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, or , lake, or reservoir. Deltas are formed from the . Deltas are formed from the deposition of of the the sediment carried by the river as the flow leaves the mouth of the river) carried by the river as the flow leaves the mouth of the river)

©2012, TESCCC

Climate and Vegetation of the SouthClimate and Vegetation of the South

Humid subtropicalHumid subtropical, with hot, humid summers and , with hot, humid summers and long growing season. Winters are mild, seldom with long growing season. Winters are mild, seldom with snow. There is no dry season.snow. There is no dry season.

Vegetation: Mixed forests. The South is known for Vegetation: Mixed forests. The South is known for plants such as live oaks, magnolia trees, flowering plants such as live oaks, magnolia trees, flowering dogwoods.dogwoods.

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Population Geography of the SouthPopulation Geography of the South The South’s population is The South’s population is evenly distributedevenly distributed, ,

except increase in except increase in density around urban density around urban centerscenters..

Examples: Atlanta, GAExamples: Atlanta, GA New Orleans, LANew Orleans, LA Mobile, ALMobile, AL Miami, FLMiami, FL

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Economic Geography of the SouthEconomic Geography of the South Historically based on Historically based on agricultureagriculture, with tobacco and cotton being the , with tobacco and cotton being the

first cash crops.first cash crops.

Although agriculture has dominated the economy, service industry, Although agriculture has dominated the economy, service industry, manufacturing, and high tech industries are also located in the South.manufacturing, and high tech industries are also located in the South.

FishingFishing is a common activity in Gulf Coast States. is a common activity in Gulf Coast States.

TourismTourism along the Gulf Coast, especially Florida. along the Gulf Coast, especially Florida.

Oil IndustryOil Industry is located in the Gulf and in cities like Houston and is located in the Gulf and in cities like Houston and Beaumont, close to continental shelf drilling.Beaumont, close to continental shelf drilling.

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MidwestMidwest Included States: Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Included States: Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,

Wisconsin, Minnesota, and IowaWisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa

Transition States: Pennsylvania, MissouriTransition States: Pennsylvania, Missouri

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Physical Geography of MidwestPhysical Geography of Midwest Flat landscape, with river basins.

Distinctive Great Lakes, which provide for shipping.

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Climate of the Midwest: Climate of the Midwest: Humid ContinentalHumid Continental

No Dry Season-No Dry Season- this area receives precipitation this area receives precipitation throughout the year.throughout the year.

Cold, snowy winters and hot summers. Cold, snowy winters and hot summers.

Moderate growing seasonModerate growing season that decreases as you go that decreases as you go north.north.

Vegetation is mixed forests with deciduous and Vegetation is mixed forests with deciduous and coniferous trees.coniferous trees.

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Historical/Economic Geography Historical/Economic Geography of the Midwestof the Midwest

The Mid-west was considered the “Western The Mid-west was considered the “Western Frontier”, hence the name.Frontier”, hence the name.

Historically known as the breadbasket of the Historically known as the breadbasket of the U.S., as this is also an agricultural region. U.S., as this is also an agricultural region. (Great Plains, wheat)(Great Plains, wheat)

Also known as a manufacturing, blue-collar Also known as a manufacturing, blue-collar hub of the U.S. (Ford Automotive)hub of the U.S. (Ford Automotive)

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The Midwest as a Cultural The Midwest as a Cultural CrossroadsCrossroads

Immigrant groups:Immigrant groups: Scots PresbyteriansScots Presbyterians settled in Pennsylvania. settled in Pennsylvania. Dutch Amish and QuakersDutch Amish and Quakers settled in Ohio and settled in Ohio and

Indiana.Indiana. German LutheransGerman Lutherans settled in Ohio, Wisconsin, settled in Ohio, Wisconsin,

Illinois and Eastern Missouri.Illinois and Eastern Missouri. Swedes and NorwegiansSwedes and Norwegians settled in Wisconsin settled in Wisconsin

and Minnesota.and Minnesota. Polish, Hungarians, German Catholics, and Polish, Hungarians, German Catholics, and

Jews settled in Midwestern cities.Jews settled in Midwestern cities.

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PopulationPopulation Large cities include Chicago and Large cities include Chicago and

DetroitDetroit

The region is evenly distributed.The region is evenly distributed.

Population is dense along the Population is dense along the Great Lakes. Great Lakes.

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Economic GeographyEconomic Geography Dairy FarmingDairy Farming in Wisconsin and Minnesota in Wisconsin and Minnesota

Fruit OrchardsFruit Orchards in Michigan in Michigan

CornCorn in Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa in Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa

ManufacturingManufacturing in urban cities along Great in urban cities along Great Lakes, like Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit and Lakes, like Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit and Chicago (Steel Towns).Chicago (Steel Towns).

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Breadbasket of the USABreadbasket of the USA Corn is most notably grown, but soybeans, wheat, and Corn is most notably grown, but soybeans, wheat, and

fruits orchards are also commonly found throughout the fruits orchards are also commonly found throughout the Midwest.Midwest.

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Great Plains RegionGreat Plains Region Strip of States through the center of the countryStrip of States through the center of the country

Includes: Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Includes: Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North DakotaNorth Dakota

Transition States: Oklahoma, Panhandle of Texas, Transition States: Oklahoma, Panhandle of Texas, Eastern Colorado, Wyoming and MontanaEastern Colorado, Wyoming and Montana

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Physical Geography of Physical Geography of the Great Plainsthe Great Plains

The Great Plains are also called the High Plains, as the elevation increases gradually as you go west.

Generally flat with some rolling hills

Major River Basins: Red R., Arkansas River, Platte River, and the Missouri River

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Climate of the Great PlainsClimate of the Great Plains Generally the Great Plains is Steppe climate Generally the Great Plains is Steppe climate

(Grasslands). Some of the eastern areas have Humid (Grasslands). Some of the eastern areas have Humid Continental climate.Continental climate.

This area receives little rainfall (less than 18 in. a year on This area receives little rainfall (less than 18 in. a year on average).average).

Cold winters, especially in the northern areas.Cold winters, especially in the northern areas.

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More on Historical GeographyMore on Historical Geography The Great Plains was also used for cattle grazing and The Great Plains was also used for cattle grazing and

cattle drives.cattle drives.

Many of the cities in this area were founded as railroad Many of the cities in this area were founded as railroad hubs for cattle.hubs for cattle.

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Population of the Great PlainsPopulation of the Great PlainsTwo words: Rural and decliningTwo words: Rural and declining

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Economic ActivityEconomic Activity Wheat – another important crop (the Dakotas)Wheat – another important crop (the Dakotas)

spring wheat major crop in the northspring wheat major crop in the north winter wheat (Kansas)winter wheat (Kansas) Associated with wheat are sorghums, Associated with wheat are sorghums,

barley, and livestock productionbarley, and livestock production

Cattle are also a primary economic activity in Cattle are also a primary economic activity in the Great Plains. the Great Plains.

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Mountain and Basin StatesMountain and Basin States States included: New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, States included: New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming,

Montana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, ArizonaMontana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Arizona

Transitions: Colorado, Wyoming and Montana are Transitions: Colorado, Wyoming and Montana are also Great Plains States.also Great Plains States.

Southwest: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Southern Southwest: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Southern Utah/NevadaUtah/Nevada

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Physical Geography Physical Geography Characterized by the steep and jagged Characterized by the steep and jagged Rocky Rocky

Mountain RangeMountain Range, foothills of the Rockies, High , foothills of the Rockies, High DesertsDeserts and Intermountain and Intermountain BasinsBasins

Diverse physical region, including landforms and Diverse physical region, including landforms and climatesclimates

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ClimatesClimates Highland climate Highland climate is found throughout the Rockies is found throughout the Rockies

(average weather for a region above the tree line. (average weather for a region above the tree line. This climate is also referred to as This climate is also referred to as mountain mountain climateclimate or or alpine climatealpine climate; cool); cool)

DesertDesert and Steppe are found in the Southwest and and Steppe are found in the Southwest and Basin area.Basin area.

In general, the area is In general, the area is aridarid. Farming is done with . Farming is done with irrigation.irrigation.

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography Not densely populatedNot densely populated

Major urban centers include: Major urban centers include: Denver, Salt Lake City, PhoenixDenver, Salt Lake City, Phoenix

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Economic ActivityEconomic Activity GrazingGrazing MiningMining TourismTourism LumberLumber

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Cultural Heritage of the WestCultural Heritage of the West Old Mining ghost towns exemplify the culture of the Old Mining ghost towns exemplify the culture of the

mountain states. When mining diminished, tourism took mountain states. When mining diminished, tourism took over.over.

Mountain towns are known for their Mountain towns are known for their transienttransient population, population, seasonal employment, and influx of tourists (A transient seasonal employment, and influx of tourists (A transient residential population is a population that maintains a residential population is a population that maintains a large percentage of resident turnover)large percentage of resident turnover)

Likewise, the Basin states are home to the largest Likewise, the Basin states are home to the largest number of National Parks.number of National Parks.

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Pacific Coast StatesPacific Coast States California, Oregon and WashingtonCalifornia, Oregon and Washington

Alaska and Hawaii will be covered separately.Alaska and Hawaii will be covered separately.

Physical Geography of West Physical Geography of West CoastCoast

Mountain Ranges Mountain Ranges (Sierra Nevada and the Cascades) (Sierra Nevada and the Cascades) and Rocky coastlines due to Subduction forcesand Rocky coastlines due to Subduction forces

Fertile valleys Fertile valleys (San Joaquin) and (San Joaquin) and forestsforests in northern in northern areas that receive more rainfallareas that receive more rainfall

Physical hazard exist across the region due to Physical hazard exist across the region due to tectonic forcestectonic forces..

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Southern CaliforniaSouthern California The continual presence of natural hazards, The continual presence of natural hazards,

including fire, including fire, flood, earthquakes, and intense flood, earthquakes, and intense droughtdrought, has done little to reduce the growth of , has done little to reduce the growth of this area.this area.

San Andreas FaultSan Andreas Fault

Los Angeles is the 2Los Angeles is the 2nd largest city in the U.S. largest city in the U.S.

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Climates of the West CoastClimates of the West Coast MediterraneanMediterranean in Southern California in Southern California

DesertsDeserts and Steppe and Steppe in California in California

HighlandHighland Climate in Sierra Nevadas and Cascades Climate in Sierra Nevadas and Cascades

Marine West CoastMarine West Coast in North California, Oregon and in North California, Oregon and WashingtonWashington

WindwardWindward and and leewardleeward slopes of mountains are crucial in this slopes of mountains are crucial in this area: populations tend to settle on windward (moisture laden) area: populations tend to settle on windward (moisture laden) side of mountains and become less dense on leeward side.side of mountains and become less dense on leeward side.

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography More dense along the coastal areas, More dense along the coastal areas,

especially between San Diego, LA, and especially between San Diego, LA, and San FranciscoSan Francisco

Other urban centers exist around Other urban centers exist around Seattle and Portland.Seattle and Portland.

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Economic ActivityEconomic Activity Hi-tech IndustryHi-tech Industry Movie IndustryMovie Industry FarmingFarming in the San Joaquin in the San Joaquin

ValleyValley WineWine (Napa and Sonoma) (Napa and Sonoma) TourismTourism Fishing Fishing on the coaston the coast