2009 Mines Safety Roadshow Please read this before using presentation This presentation is based on content presented at the Mines Safety Roadshow held in October 2009 It is made available for non-commercial use (e.g. toolbox meetings) subject to the condition that the PowerPoint is not altered without permission from Resources Safety Supporting resources, such as brochures and posters, are available from Resources Safety For resources, information or clarification, please contact: [email protected]or visit www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety 1
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Please read this before using presentation
This presentation is based on content presented at the Mines Safety Roadshow held in October 2009
It is made available for non-commercial use (e.g. toolbox meetings) subject to the condition that the PowerPoint is not altered without permission from Resources Safety
Supporting resources, such as brochures and posters, are available from Resources Safety
For resources, information or clarification, please contact:[email protected]
or visit
www.dmp.wa.gov.au/ResourcesSafety
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Toolbox presentation
Engaging people in the safety process
Nodding off – what “rest” works
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
"Our society has valued people who brag about being able to function on very little sleep as a mark of someone who is
aggressive, dynamic, successful.”
Dr Neil Kavey, Director, Sleep Disorder Center, Columbia University Medical Center
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Effects of fatigue onperformance and productivity
Source: Extended working hours in Australia: counting the costsDepartment of Industrial Relations, Queensland, 2001
1.Ability to comprehend complex situations without distraction
“…after one night of sleep deprivation, individuals lost attention during decision making to miniscule details that had no impact on the situation outcome.”
2.Monitoring events and improving strategies
“…subjects became distracted from critical tasks…and took longer on tasks that had been dealt with quickly before.”
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Effects of fatigue onperformance and productivity (continued)
3. Risk assessment and accurate prediction of consequences
“…fatigued individuals are more likely to engage in risk taking behaviours.”
4. Thinking laterally and being innovative
“…innovative thinking and the generation of ideas showed obvious deterioration. These latter skills are essential in dealing with complex and unpredictable situations.”
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Effects of fatigue onperformance and productivity (continued)
5. Personal interest in the outcome
“…a sense of futility interferes with the willingness to apply effort.”
6. Controlling mood and behaviour
“Mood states and behaviours, including lack of regard for normal social conventions, childish humour, impatience, irritability and inappropriate interpersonal behaviours have
all been described…”
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Effects of fatigue onperformance and productivity (continued)
7. Monitoring personal performance
“Sleep deprivation has been associated with an impairment of low-level tasks, including visual perception, vigilance, reaction time and mental arithmetic..”
8. Recollection of timing of events
“Sleep deprivation may confuse individuals when remembering serial ordering of facts, events, instructions, or
encounters with colleagues.”
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Effects of fatigue onperformance and productivity (continued)
9. Effective communication
“…during sleep deprivation, subjects dropped the intensity of their voice, paused for long intervals without apparent reason, enunciated very poorly or mumbled instructions inaudibly, mispronounced, slurred or ran words together and repeated themselves or lost their place in the sequence.”
“…sleep deprivation was found to increase response reaction time to received messages in a setting of constant distraction.”
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Percentage of people sleepingless than 6 hours (USA)
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Percentage of people sleeping more than 8 hours (USA)
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Source: CNN.com/health, Why we're sleeping less,
2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Australian pattern of work
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Proportion of males working longer than 11 hours per day
1974 One in 18
♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂
1997 One in 8 ♂♂♂♂♂♂♂♂
Source: Michael Bittman & James Mahmud Rice, 2002, The spectre of overwork: an analysis of trends between 1974 and 1997 using Australian time-use diaries. Labour and Industry, vol. 12, No. 3, p. 5-25
2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Vol. 24, 1998 (Supplement 3)
Accident risk as a function of hour at work and time of day as determined from accident data and exposure models for the German working population
Method Data on more than 1.2 million accidents in 1994, listed
according to time of day and hours at work
Result Exponentially increasing accident risk observed beyond the
9th hour at work
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
27 February 2001 Gary Hart’s leisure
4.36 pm Mobile phone call, 1:23 hours
8.25 pm Mobile phone call, 0:23 minutes
9.25 pm Gary Hart sends text message
9.48 pm Mobile phone call, 3:00 hours
10.24 pm Logged on to internet, 5:34 hours
4.13 am Woman's final text message
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
28 February 2001 Gary Hart driving
6:13 am: Gary Hart falls asleep while driving his Land Rover along M62 motorway
Vehicle runs down embankment onto southbound railway track
Hart makes emergency phone call from beside track when southbound passenger train collides at over 120 mph
Northbound freight train collides with first train
10 dead, 82 injured
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Lessons for mining industry
Intense work (e.g. complex tasks, time pressures, high responsibility) creates difficulty in “switching off” and unwinding, while shift work, situational constraints, low autonomy, and closely-regulated work tend to reduce individuals’ control over their work pace, and increase the effort required.
Under such conditions, there is a greater need for rest and recovery.
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
What is “rest”
Rest involves a break from work, but not doing nothing
A change of activity, and associated change in demands, may have an equally, or greater, beneficial effect.
Source: Katharine R Parkes, “Offshore working time in relation to performance, health and safety.”
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
What is “rest” that works?
Enjoyable social leisure activities
Not “low effort” activities (watching TV)
Physical activities facilitate recovery
Work-related activity during leisure hours has a
consistently negative effect
Source: Katharine R Parkes, “Offshore working time in relation to performance, health and safety, A review of current practice and evidence.”
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Australian leisure time -changes from 1997 to 2006
Sleep 5 minutes less per day
Time spent eating and drinking decreased by 4 minutes a day (to 1 hour 29 minutes)
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 21.2.08
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Australian leisure time:changes from 1997 to 2006 (continued)
Recreation and leisure decreased by 1:45 hours per week
16:20 hours a week on audio or visual activities
2:13 hours a week on sport and outdoor activity (decrease of nearly 1 hour)
Sleep disorders Intrinsic (arising from within the body) Extrinsic (secondary to environmental conditions or various
pathologic conditions) Disturbances of circadian rhythm
“Night person” vs “day person”
2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Where does “wellness at work” begin?
Before getting to work
Educate about healthy living
Image source: www.sporttaranaki.org.nz
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
10 messages to motivate sleep
1. Sleep keeps your heart healthy
2. Sleep may prevent cancer
3. Sleep reduces stress
4. Sleep reduces inflammation
5. Sleep makes you more alert
Source: Mark Stibich, 2009, “Why sleep matters to you”, www.about.com
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
10 messages to motivate sleep (continued)
6. Sleep bolsters your memory
7. Sleep may help you lose weight
8. Naps make you smarter
9. Sleep may reduce your risk for depression
10. Sleep helps the body make repairs
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Guidance
Working hours code of practice and guidelines
www.dmp.wa.gov.au
2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Possible toolbox resources
Dead tired – interview with SeananTwo-part documentary screened on SBS www.sbs.com.au
Healthy 25 year oldBlack belt martial arts practitionerHigh achiever, paramedicVoluntarily had only 3 hours sleep per nightInterviewed on 5th day
How many of the effects of fatigue discussed earlier can you recognise?
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Possible toolbox resources (continued)
Discussion topic
Holistic approach to “wellness at work”
Can an employer educate workforce not only about wellness at work but also wellness in life?
What are some of the issues associated with this?If an employer did want to raise awareness of this subject,
how might they go about it?
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2009 Mines Safety Roadshow
Possible toolbox resources (continued)
Develop a fatigue management strategy
Scenario
You are managing the shutdown for refurbishing of a piece of equipment that is essential in the processing plant. Previously, the equipment has been offline for 48 hours during this procedure.
How might you build fatigue management into the schedule?