2007 03 - Computer Based Spelling Error 1981

A Bibliography of Publications on Computer-Based

Spelling Error Detection and Correction

Nelson H. F. BeebeUniversity of Utah

Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB155 S 1400 E RM 233

Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090USA

Tel: +1 801 581 5254FAX: +1 801 581 4148

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected] (Internet)

WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/

23 March 2007Version 2.05

Title word cross-reference

n [Wag74].

- [Wil94]. -gram [Ull76].

/ [IEE87a]. /usr/group [USE82].

12th [Ano92a]. 14th [Pre91].15th [Ano92b]. 16th [Hes90]. 17th [RW92].17th-century [RW92]. 1880-1920 [Car93].1982 [Mor82]. 19th [RAR94].

21st [RAR94]. 2D [Lav93]. 2nd [IEE90].

3rd [LT81].

6th [Ano93b].

80 [Hus81]. 80’S [Hus81]. ’81 [BS+81].’87 [IEE87b].

’91 [ASP91]. ’92 [BIP92]. ’93 [Ano93b].’93-Nagoya [IEE93a]. ’94 [BJ94].9th [Ano93a].

Abbreviations [EP82]. accept [IN94].access [Mil95]. Accuracy [LMPK92].achievement [AB84]. achieving [TWT84].ACM [ACM81]. Acquired [CMVR87].Actes [ACM88].Actes/Proceedings [ACM88].Actuated [Can81]. Adaptation [Bey88].Add [MM92]. Add-A-Word [MM92].Advanced [Ano93c]. Advances [O’S84].

1

2

Advertisement [Ano85b]. affected [BH92].affix [BH92]. agents [Fou94].Agglutinative [Ofl92]. AI [Rob86].Aid [GMW75]. aided [HRLJ93].Aids [Che81]. Airline [Dav62].Airport [IEE90]. algorithm [KW81].Algorithms [AFCB94]. almost [Tay86].alternative [Ano91]. Alternatives [Car93].Analysis [Sid79]. analytic [BCK85].Anticipation [MPG+92]. any [KPB87a].Application [IK83]. applications [Pel83].approach [Pel83]. approximate [DC94].April [Ano93b]. Arabic [BH92].architectures [DGK+90].Arizona [CBC84]. array [Lav93].Articles [NCNS82]. artificial [IYME93].ASIC [IEE92a]. ASMC [Ano93c].Assistance [FZ88]. assisted [TWT84].associative [CVB90]. AT&T [AT&T86].Atlanta [ASP91]. attitude [AB84].Augmented [Hus81]. August [Ano92b].Authoring [Hur87]. authorship [Smi83].AutoCAD [Yar95]. automata [LK93].automated [EP82]. automatic [Ull76].Automatically [Kuk92b].Automation [BDT94]. Avignon [Ano92a].Aviv [BS+81].

Back [Kuk88]. Back-propagation [Kuk88].backtracking [KC94]. Base [Zam80].based [Tur81]. Baseforms [LM84].Bases [Bou77]. Basic [Thi82].Basque [CA89]. best [JVFM95].better [SW93]. Between [Chi84].Beyond [Dun81]. Bibliographic [Bou77].Bibliography [Pol82]. binary [Ull76].biomedicales [IEE87b]. Blind [NH84].board [CT92]. Bratislava [SD94].Bucharest [Ano93a]. Bucket [CS82].Buffer [CMVR87]. Bug [Rob86].Builder [Fly88]. Bulgaria [Boy85].

CA [ACM83]. CALICO [BJ94].California [CB87]. Cannes [ACM88].

Capabilities [Ber86b]. Carolina [BS83].case [FW82]. Cedar [Tei84].Center [ACM89]. Century [Edm82].Changes [LMPK92]. channel [Dol88a].Character [TST93].Characterization [PZ83].characters [KPB87a]. Check [Ano85a].checker [Bom82]. Checkers [Ros82, HP88].Checking [Tur81]. Checks [WS94].Chinese [Cha94]. chip [Lav92].City [Pre91]. class [Pel83]. Classic [RB05].Classification [Pai81]. Clause [Ber86b].clerical [PM87]. Cn [Mea87].CNIT [IEE92a]. co-sponsorship [Law85].COBOL [VD84]. Code [MF82a].Cognitive [PMC85]. COLING [Ano92b].COLING-92 [Ano92b]. Collection [PZ83].Collegiate [Pet82]. Colorado [SK83].Command [Ebi92]. Commercial [CR95].Commission [Law85].Commonwealth [ACM89].Communication [GT84].Communities [Law85].Comparison [MM92].completion [TST93].Components [BKP86].Compound [Ros82]. compressed [Mil95].compression [Coo05]. Compu [MM92].computable [EH88].Computation [MV93].Computational [Ams86].computer [Dam64].computer-aided [HRLJ93].computer-assisted [TWT84].computer-based [Tur81].computer-managed [TG83].Computer-Tutor [Ter81].Computerized [Hei72].Computers [Rad83]. Computr [Mea87].Concurrent [Ano86a].conferences [IEE87b]. Congres [INN90].Congress [CC89]. conjugation [Bos94].connaissance [EBR87].connectionistic [DGK+90].

3

Consistency [LMPK92].Consortium [BJ94]. constraints [Sen93].Construct [Pet82]. Consultants [Chi84].consumers [Pre92]. containing [OL95].Context [MDM91].continuously [JVFM95].Contributed [CC89].Convention [ACM89].Conventional [CVB90].conversion [Bes94]. Copenhagen [BIP92].corpus [WWSG94]. correcting [Bla60].correction [Dam64]. corrector [YF83a].correctors [Mit87b]. Corrects [AHZ81].Correspondences [HHHR66]. cost [TG83].Could [Edm82]. courseware [DR94].Cues [HHHR66]. CUG248 [Art89].CUG360 [McC92]. CUG374 [Law92].

Data [Bou77]. Databases [PZ82].datasets [Mil95]. deaf [Kuk92a].December [ACM83]. decoding [Dol88a].decryption [Che87]. deletion [Ull76].Denmark [BIP92]. Depth [Boy85].Design [FW82]. designing [DC94].Detecting [WMRB77].detection [Dam64, EBR87].Determination [LM84]. Deutsche [BN85].Development [McI82]. Device [Gri83].diagnosis [Bos94]. dialect [Sla87].Dictionaries [Ano86c]. Dictionary [SM80].DIDAC [DR94]. Diego [ACM83].Digital [Gri83]. d’ingenieire [EBR87].Directions [BS82].Disambiguation [TV94]. disk [Arn83].Display [Thi82]. distance [EH88].distances [VMA95]. Districts [Car93].diverse [SHC83]. do [Dit87].docile [Fou94]. document [KL82].documents [Ber87]. Does [JS91].domain [SKS96]. Domains [SPR90].d’orthographe [EBR87]. Dulles [IEE90].during [FS92]. Dutch [Bos94].Dynamic [Ano85a].Dysgraphia [CMVR87].

Dyslexia [PMC85]. dyslexic [LBW92].

EACL [Ano93b]. East [CB87].Easy [Rob86]. ECAI [O’S84].ECAI-84 [O’S84]. Ecrire [GT84].Edit [Ano86a]. editing [FQA89].Editor [Dun81]. Editors [Thi82].effect [AB84]. Efficient [Gon83].Eighth [ACM85]. Electric [Rob83].Electronic [GMW75].Electrotechnical [BS+81].Electrotechnology [BS+81].Embedded [Hes90]. Empirical [VD84].engineers [Wei82]. English [CS82, EBR87].Entry [Gri83]. Enumeration [Car93].Environment [MF82b].Environmental [SD94].equipment [Mit85]. erreurs [EBR87].Error [Pai81]. errors [Bla60].Essential [SM80]. Euro [IEE92a].Evaluation [TL82]. Evidence [CMVR87].Example [EBR87]. exemple [EBR87].Experiment [Hua87]. Expert [BA88].Exploration [LMPK92]. Exploring [GF87].Extending [Ber86b].

Factor [BJ94]. Factory [Ano93c].Fast [CS82]. Fault [Sch94].Fault-tolerant [Sch94]. Faulty [MF82b].features [VD84]. February [ACM89].Fifteenth [BIP92]. File [IK83].Filter [Urq84]. filtering [Cav94].Finding [ZD95]. Finds [Pro95].finite [LK93]. First [AHZ81].Flags [Mac87]. font [KPB87a].Foolproof [WS94]. foreign [Gor85].foreign-language [Gor85].formatter [MM93]. forming [BDT94].forms [RW92]. FORTH [Hes90].FORTRAN [Hei72]. Fourth [Bic87].Fourth-Generation [Bic87].framework [Ber87]. Francaise [GT84].France [IEE86, ACM88]. French [Bey88].Frequency [Bou77]. Fully [Ano86b].

4

Function [GHU84]. Further [LMPK92].future [Yar95]. Fuzzy [IYME93].Fuzzyness [Sch75].

Geller [Ang90]. Genealogy [Car93].generalized [OL95]. Generalizing [SKS96].Generated [Chi84]. Generation [Ano86b].Georgia [ASP91]. German [KW81].GIS [ASP91]. GIS-LIS [ASP91].Glove [Gri83]. grade [AB84].graders [TWT84]. gram [Ull76].grammar [HP88]. grammars [JVFM95].Grapheme [HHHR66].grapheme-to-phoneme [Bes94].Graphemic [CMVR87]. Greek [VTTC94].guide [Pfa86]. Guild [Law85].

handbook [Stu82]. Handicapped [Ter81].handwritten [SKS96]. Harbor [CB87].Hash [CS82]. Hash-Bucket [CS82].Hashing [Flo87]. Having [Ano86a].Hebrew [Sch82]. held [CC89].Herndon [IEE90]. Heuristic [Coo05].Heuristical [Bes94]. Hidden [DS94].Hierarchical [IK83]. High [TTK86].High-Performance [Flo87]. Hindi [SS84].historical [RW92]. history [FW82].Honour [BRSS94]. Horn [Ber86b].Hotel [ACM83, ACM88]. Houston [Mor82].human [LM87]. human-computer [LM87].Humanities [BS83]. Hyatt [IEE90].Hypercard [Fly88]. Hyphenation [Pet82].

IBM [Mit85]. Icon [Fly88].ICSLP [Ano94b]. Identification [JS91].IEEE/SEMI [Ano93c]. IFIP [LT81].IJCNN [IEE92b].IJCNN-91-Seattle [IEE92b].Impact [Bou77]. Implementation [Mil90].implications [Yan91]. improve [TWT84].Improvement [HHHR66].Improving [Fur90]. In-Depth [Boy85].Includes [Fly88]. incorporate [SKS96].Incorporating [Par83].

Independent [CFGJ91]. Indian [SC96].Inductive [WL84]. inflection [CA89].Informational [Wil82]. Inforum [ASP91].INNC [INN90]. insertion [Ull76].instruction [TWT84]. Instrument [TL82].Integrated [Ano92c]. Integrating [SHC83].Integration [Dal87]. Intelligent [AHZ81].interaction [LM87]. Interactive [Rad83].Interactively [FQA89]. Interface [Gri83].Interfaces [DLS83]. introduction [Gor85].investigation [VD84]. Invited [CC89].IPCC [IEE87a]. ISKO [SD94].Island [CB87]. issues [Gor85].Istanbul [Ano93e]. Italy [O’S84].IX [RAR94].

Jake [Ang90]. January [ACM90].Japanese [Fur90]. Jerusalem [Sch82].Joint [USE82]. Jointly [Law85].Jose [VP94]. July [LT81].June [Mor82, ACM81]. Just [Cun94].

Kansas [Pre91]. katakana [IN94].Kaypro [Hic83]. Kentucky [ACM89].Keyboard [Can81]. Keywords [Sch75].Khmer [Har94a]. knowledge [SHC83].Knowledge-Based [Ebi92].KONVENS [Tro94]. Korean [KC94].

label [GDEJ05]. language [Gor85].Languages [Wag74]. Large [WMRB77].Lausanne [LT81]. Learning [TL82].learns [FW82]. Legal [Ano93d].Legal-Specific [Ano93d].Lemmatizing [KW81]. Length [Tur82].Length-segmented [Tur82].lessons [Klixx]. Letter [Dun81].Lexical [Ber86b]. lexicology [Ams86].lexicon [VTTC95]. lexicons [ZD95].life [Ano92d]. Lightning [Yer86].linear [EH88]. linguistics [Ano92b].LIS [ASP91]. LISP [Sla87]. List [McI82].lists [Tur82]. Literacy [CBC84].literary [Smi83]. logical [Ber87].

5

LOGO [GF87]. look [Cri88]. looks [Yar95].lost [Ano92d]. Louisville [ACM89].low [TG83]. Low-Achieving [MM92].low-cost [TG83]. LPC [BG84].LRE [Adr95]. Lumpy [Yan87].

Macro [LHR+92]. mai [ACM88].Making [Joh81]. man [Arc83].managed [TG83]. Managers [SM80].Manipulation [ACM81]. Manual [Ano84].Manufacturing [Ano93c]. March [CBC84].Markov [DS94]. Massachusetts [Ano93c].Master [Pet82]. match [Tay86].matches [ZD95]. Matching [IK83].Matter [Pro95]. Max [Alt90].May [BS+81]. Me [Cun94].Meaning [JS91]. Measure [AFW83].Measures [Kre92].Mediterranean [BS+81].MELECON [BS+81].membership [MW94].memory-based [CVB90].Message [Che87]. Method [WMRB77].methods [KO84]. metric [EH88].micro [Cri88]. Microcomputers [CBC84].Microprocessored [AHZ81].MicroSpell [Law92]. Misspelled [Dav62].misspellings [Mit87b]. mistakes [Dol88b].MMSFORTH [Mil90]. MO [Pre91].model [AB89]. Models [DS94].Modern [VTTC94]. Montech [IEE87b].Montfleury [ACM88]. Montreal [ACM85].morphological [CA89]. MT [Adr95].much [Rob83]. Multi [Ano86c].Multi-Language [Ano86c].Multiculturalism [Cun94].Multiple [Ano86a].

N [Cav94]. N-best [JVFM95].N-gram-based [Cav94]. Nagoya [IEE93a].Name [Mil90]. Names [Dav62].Naming [LM87]. Nantes [Ano92b].natural [CR95]. Naturlicher [Tro94].NC [BS83]. need [GDEJ05].

Neighborhood [LMPK92]. net [AB89].network [Hei91]. network-based [TV94].networks [JVFM95]. Neural [AB89].Neuropsychological [PMC85].neuropsychology [AB89].newspaper [KW81]. next [BD95].nineties [Pre91]. ninth [RAR94].No [Pro95]. Non [GT84].non-semantic [BCK85].Non-Verbale [GT84].Nonword [LMPK92]. normal [LBW92].normalized [MV93]. note [Pet86].Notes [Pol82]. nothing [BD95].November [Law85]. novembre [IEE87b].

OCR [TKS86]. October [IEE86].Office [GR78]. Omnifont [BKP86].OPACs [Sch94]. operators [EP82].Optically [Can81]. Optimization [IY85].Order [Wag74]. Order- [Wag74].Oregon [ACM81]. Organization [IK83].ORTHO [DR94].ORTHO-DIDAC [DR94].Orthographe [GT84].Orthographic [LMPK92]. Other [Yan87].

Pacific [Ano94c]. Page [BKP86].Palais [INN90]. paper [WL83].Paris [IEE86]. parser [CA89].Parsing [Ofl92]. Pascal [KP81].Passenger [Dav62]. password [MW94].Pathways [Wil82]. Patient [FS92].Patterns [DC85]. PC [HP88, ACM88].Pearls [Ben85]. SEMI [Ano93c].Pennsylvania [RAR94]. perfect [Mil95].Performance [Flo87]. person [Bom82].Personal [Rad83]. Personnel [SM80].Perspectives [CC89].Phoneme [HHHR66].Phoneme-Grapheme [HHHR66].phonemes [Yan91]. Phonemic [LM84].Phonological [PMC85]. pilot [Cha94].Pisa [O’S84]. Plagued [Rob86].Plus [CBC84]. poor [Bom82].

6

Portland [ACM81]. Possible [BG84].Pour [GT84]. practical [Pfa86].practice [SW93]. Predictive [Ano92c].preparation [KL82]. Presented [CC89].PRICAI [Ano94c]. PRICAI-94 [Ano94c].Principles [Thi82]. printed [KPB87a].probabilistic [KO84]. problem [Ram94].problem-solving [Ram94]. Proceed [JS91].process [BDT94]. processes [AB89].Processors [Ano86a]. Prof [BRSS94].proficiency [TWT84]. program [Bla60].Programming [Mor69]. programs [Mor70].project [Adr95]. Prolog [Ber86a].pronunciation [LHR+92].pronunciation-information [HK95].Proof [WL83]. Proof-reading [WL83].propagation [Kuk88]. Prototype [BA88].Proximity [Mac87].Proximity-Scan [Mac87].Pseudohomophone [LMPK92].Psychological [Ano84].Publication [Ano84].

Qualified [Ano86b]. Quebec [ACM85].Queries [MF82b]. question [Asi82].

R13 [Yar95]. Raed [Mea87].Rajaraman [BRSS94]. Raleigh [BS83].RAM [Edw87]. RAM-resident [Edw87].Random [Mil95]. Reaction [Kre92].Reactive [WCD83]. reader [BCK85].readers [CHJ94]. Readings [AT&T86].real [Ram94]. real-time [JVFM95].real-word [Ram94]. Reclaiming [Ano92d].recognition [SHC83]. recognizer [BH95].Recognizing [DGK+90]. Record [Dav62].Reduction [WL84]. reflexive [dO94].Regular [Wag74]. Reject [Ano95].Remedial [Pai81]. representing [LK93].research [Ams86]. resident [Edw87].RESORT [Kra84].Responsiveness [Sch82]. results [SW93].Retrieval [Dav62, Har94b].Revelation [Mac87]. reversal [Ull76].

review [Klixx]. right [Sil85]. Rim [Ano94c].road [Pou84]. robust [BH92].Rochester [Hes90]. Role [CMVR87].Romanian [CEU93, BDT94].ROSE [Ord87]. ROWS [Ord87].rules [EP82]. Russell-Soundex [Mil90].

Scan [Mac87]. scholar [Pfa86].Scholarly [PZ83]. Scientific [PZ83].scientists [Wei82]. screen [WL83].Scripting [RB05]. Scripts [Chi84].Search [CS82]. Searches [Sch75].Searching [CS82]. Seattle [IEE92b].SECC [Adr95]. second [dO94].Secretaries [SM80]. security [MW94].Segmentation [LAS93].segmented [Tur82]. Selected [KW87].selectively [JVFM95]. semantic [BCK85].Semiconductor [Ano93c]. Sept [Wil82].September [O’S84]. sequence [Kuk88].sequences [TTK86]. Sequential [Dol88a].Seventeenth [ACM89]. Seventh [Pet82].Shell [RB05]. Sheraton [CB87].Sichere [BN85]. SIGIR [ACM85].SIGOA [ACM81]. SIGPLAN [ACM81].SIGSMALL [ACM88].SIGSMALL/PC [ACM88].Silbentrennung [BN85]. Similar [IK83].Similar-String [IK83]. Similarity [Sch75].Simplified [Adr95]. single [SS84].Sinnentsprechende [BN85]. sixth [AB84].sixth-grade [AB84]. size [KPB87a].Skilled [Kre92]. Skipping [GHU84].Slovakia [SD94]. small [Pel83].smarter [Joh81]. Smoothing [KKC04].Sofia [Boy85]. Solution [GR78].solving [Ram94]. Some [Pol82].sound [BCK85]. Soundex [Mil90].sources [SHC83]. space [Ano92d].Spacing [KKC04]. Spain [CC89].speak [FW82]. Speaker [CFGJ91].Speaker-Independent [CFGJ91].Specialized [Yan87]. Specific [Ano93d].Specification [Ano86b].

7

Specified [Ano86b]. Speech [GMW75].Speed [Edm82]. Speed-Spelling [Edm82].spell [FW82, LHR+92].spell-checking [GDEJ05].SpellCode [Ang90]. Spelled [CRF92].Speller [SM80, dO94]. spellers [Mit87b].spelling [Bla60].spelling-checker [Ano92d].spelling-correction [RW92].Spelling-Sound [LMPK92].Spelling-To-Phoneme [WL84].spelling-to-sound [BCK85].spelling-word [WWSG94].Spellings [Ros82]. Spoken [CRF92].Sponsored [Law85]. sponsorship [Law85].Sprache [Tro94, BN85]. squeeze [CD01].Standard [GT84]. Standardizing [SW93].State [SK83]. Statistical [WMRB77].statistics [WWSG94]. Status [MPG+92].Steps [Hic83]. Stochastic [KKC04].Stockholm [KW87]. Strategic [MPG+92].Strategy [Kre92]. Strictness [SPR90].String [IK83]. strings [EH88].Structure [Yan87]. structured [FQA89].Structures [Ofl92]. students [AB84].study [Cha94]. Stuttgart [Ano94a].style [Adr95]. Stylometry [Smi83].Sublexical [MPG+92].substitution [Ull76].Supplement [Ano85a]. Support [Ano86d].Surface [PMC85]. Survey [NCNS82].Sweden [KW87]. Switzerland [LT81].System [Dav62]. Systems [Mor69].systolic [Lav92].

T [Sla87]. Tale [MM90].TALISMAN [BA88]. talk [FW82].Tasks [Ano85a]. TC [LT81]. TC-3 [LT81].Teaching [Hus81]. technique [Dam64].Techniques [Kuk92b].technologies [IEE87b]. Tel [BS+81].Tel-Aviv [BS+81].telecommunications [Kuk92a].Tempe [CBC84]. terminology [Buc93].

Terms [LMPK92]. testing [PM87].Texas [TL82]. text [Tur81]. texts [KW81].Textual [PZ82]. their [Dal87].Theme [Ano93c]. Theoretic [LM84].Therapy [GMW75]. Three [MM90].Ths [Mea87]. time [EH88].tolerant [Sch94]. Tolerating [Sch75].tool [Cri88]. Toolkit [Mac87].Tools [KP81]. topologies [Kuk88].Toronto [Pre92]. touching [LAS93].tour [Tei84]. Trade [Law85].traditional [OL95]. trained [JVFM95].Translating [Law85]. translator [Mit85].transliteration [AFCB94].transposition [OL95]. TREC [Cav94].TREC-2 [Cav94]. Trigram [AFW83].Tsukuba [IEE93b]. Turbo [Yer86].Turkey [Ano93e]. Turkish [Ano93e, Ofl92].Tutor [Ter81]. Tutoring [YEMR91].Twenty [Edm82]. Twenty-First [Edm82].two [AB84]. Two-Strategy [Kre92].Type [Yer86]. Typesetting [Har94a].typing [Pet86]. Typist [Rob86].typographical [Tur81].

understanding [Woo85].undetected [Pet86]. Unfold [GHU84].Units [KW87]. UNIX [KL82].unknown [Fou94]. Unstructured [Gon83].USA [IEE90]. Usability [Sch82].Use [GMW75]. USENIX [USE82].User [Thi82]. User-Specified [Ano86d].Users [Chi84]. Uses [Mac87].Using [AFW83]. Uspell [McC92].usr [USE82]. Utilities [Edw87].Utility [Fly88]. Utilization [VTTC95].utilizing [HK95]. Utrecht [Ano93b].

V [BRSS94]. v2.0 [Law92]. VA [IEE90].Validation [FS92]. value [Mil95].Variant [Ros82]. variants [IN94].VCATS [Hus81]. Ventura [Alt90].Verarbeitung [Tro94]. verb [CA89].Verbale [GT84]. verbs [Bos94].

REFERENCES 8

Verification [GR78]. Very [Gon83].Virtual [Wie86]. Visual [Hus81].vocabularies [LK93]. VP [Alt90].VP-to-the-Max [Alt90].

WA [IEE92b]. warning [GDEJ05].Webster [Pet82, Rob83]. well [Dit87].Westgate [ACM83]. Whole [BCK85].Whole-word [BCK85].Winnipeg [IEE87a]. within [CC89].without [KC94]. Word [Sid79, MM92].word-forming [BDT94].word-forms [RW92].Word-Spacing [KKC04].Wordprocessing [Ano92c]. words [Ull76].Wordz [Tay86]. Work [Edm82].Workbench [SK83]. Workshop [Ano93c].WP [Joh81]. Writer [SK83, HP88].Writers [Che81]. writing [Wei82].

Yur [Mea87].

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