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1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel and petrol, Coal --- coal briquette and coke C. Primary electricity: nuclear, geothermal, wind, HEP Secondary electricity: electricity generated by burning fossil fuels
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1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

Dec 30, 2015

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Page 1: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

1.Difference between power and energy

A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity

B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel and petrol, Coal --- coal briquette and coke

C. Primary electricity: nuclear, geothermal, wind, HEP

Secondary electricity: electricity generated by burning fossil fuels

Page 2: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

2. Energy resource base of China: 3rd largest in the worldA. Coal reserves 114.5 billion tonnes, 11.6% of

world total in 2000

B. Proven oil reserves 3.3 billion tonnes, 2.3% of world total in 2000

C. Proven natural gas reserves 48.3 trillion cu.ft, 0.9% of world total in 2000

D. HEP resources, largest in the world: developable 370,000 MW

Per capita energy availability less than 1/2 of world average

Page 3: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

3.Chinese energy production and consumption,2003

Oil 169.6 million tonnesCoal 1667 million tonnesNatural gas 35.0 billion cu.mPrimary electricity 283.7 billion kwhTotal electricity 1,910.6 billion kwhTotal primary energy 1,603 billion

tonnes of coal equivalent

Page 4: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

3.Chinese energy production and consumption,2003

Fuel mix, with respect to consumption, in 2003

-- Coal 67.1%; Oil 22.7%; Natural gas 2.8%; Primary electricity 7.4%

Effects of this fuel mix:1. Adversely affects efficiency of energy use2. Pollution problems3. Inadequate coal transportation capacity --- Coal accounts for 42% of total railroad

freight, 22%of road freight, 25% of water freight and 30% of freight handled by coastal ports

Page 5: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

4.Distribution of energy resources in China

A. Over 85% of coal resources located north of Qinling and Huai He

--- Over 60% in N China

--- Less than 2% south of Yangtze

B. Over ½ of oil reserves in North-east

C. Natural gas resources: Proven reserves 1998

NW 31.3%, SE 20.9%, North 20.8%, NE 10.7%

D. HEP South-west 71%

Page 6: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

5.Per capita energy availability (all China=100)

North 416Noth-west 146East 22South-west 167North-east 40Central South 19

Page 7: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

6.Movements of energy within China North-west and South-west

---- Energy moved out North-east

---- Oil moved out and coal moved in North

---- Both oil and coal moved out East and Central South

---- Energy has to be moved in

Page 8: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

7. Distribution of Chinese Population & Economics Activities

Chinese population & economics activities along coastal provinces like Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong.

---- Large Population ---- High level of economic development,

including industries, agriculture, transportation system, trading and tourism etc.

---- High standard of living

Page 9: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

7. Distribution of Chinese Population & Economics Activities

Hence, heavy consumption of energy & electricity along coastal provinces.

Example: in 2002, the four largest consumers of electricity--- Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang--- took up 30% of national total.

Mismatch between demand and supply of energy in China in locational terms.

Page 10: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project Electricity generated by HEP resources in the

north-west and south-west, plus electricity generated by coal in the north and south-west to be supplied to the eastern provinces.

The three channels ---- The northern channel: Coal-fired electricity

from mine-mouth plants at Shanxi, Shaanxi and western Inner Mongolia, plus HEP from the upper reaches of the Yellow River to be transmitted to northern China, Shandong and the Beijing-Tianjin area.

Page 11: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project

---- The central channel: Centred on the Three Gorges Project, to supply central and eastern China.

---- The southern channel: HEP (plus some coal-fired power from mine-mouth plants in Guizhou) from Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi to be supplied to Guangdong

Page 12: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project Functions of the Projects 1) To help satisfy power demand in the

coastal provinces. ---- in 2002, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu,

Zhejiang and Guangdong consumed more electricity than generated.

---- Concurrently, Shanxi Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Liaoning produced more power than consumed.

Page 13: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project

2) To alleviate the coal transportation problem

---- 70% of the thermal power in China generated by burning coal and electricity generation is the largest use of coal, hence transmitting electricity from the western provinces to the east will reduce the need for coal transport.

Page 14: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project

3) In reality, could only play supplementary role in satisfying eastern power demand, e.g., estimated that by 2005, the project could satisfy 22% of Guangdong power demand.

Page 15: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

8. The West-east Electricity Transmission Project

Other benefits

1) Stimulate development of western provinces.

2) Improve environmental quality of eastern provinces.

3) Facilitates the formation of a national grid.

Page 16: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

9. The West-east Pipeline Project A. Advantages of natural gas : Safe and

environmentally friendly --- China wants to use more natural gas 10% of

energy supply by 2010 B. Takes gas from Tarim Basin in Xinjiang to Shanghai --- 4,167 km 111.8 cm (47 inches) in diameter

pipe --- 12 billion cu.m. of gas to reach Yangtze delta area

per year --- total investment 120 billion rmb

.

Page 17: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

9. The West-east Pipeline Project

upstream gas development 20 billion rmb

mid-stream pipe 40 billion rmb

downstream pipe 60 billion rmb

--- partially on stream in Dec 2004

Page 18: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

9. The West-east Pipeline Project

C. Major uses, estimated for 2005

--- electricity generation 51%

--- city use 27%

--- industrial fuel 17%

--- petrochemicals 5%

Page 19: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

9. The West-east Pipeline Project

D. Advantages

1.      Alleviate pressure on coal transport (in 1998, 88% of energy consumption in Yangtze delta area had to be imported, coal being the most important fuel moved in)

2.     Reduce reliance on oil

---- Now 40% of oil consumption is imported, and the proportion is slated to rise in future

3.    Suppress air pollution

4.      Stimulate economic development of the West

Page 20: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

9. The West-east Pipeline Project

E. Overall effect : can only play supplementary role

Page 21: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

年份 能源生產總量 佔能源生產總量(%)

(萬噸標準煤) 原煤 原油 天然氣 水電1980 63735 69.4 23.8 3 3.8

1981 63227 70.2 22.9 2.7 4.2

1982 66778 71.3 21.8 2.4 4.5

1983 71270 71.6 21.3 2.3 4.8

1984 77855 72.4 21 2.1 4.5

1985 85546 72.8 20.9 2 4.3

1986 88124 72.4 21.2 2.1 4.3

1987 91266 72.6 21 2 4.4

1988 95801 73.1 20.4 2 4.5

1989 101639 74.1 19.3 2 4.6

1990 103922 74.2 19 2 4.8

1991 104844 74.1 19.2 2 4.7

1992 107256 74.3 18.9 2 4.8

1993 111059 74 18.7 2 5.3

1994 118729 74.6 17.6 1.9 5.9

1995 129034 75.3 16.6 1.9 6.2

1996 132616 75.2 17 2 5.8

1997 132410 74.1 17.3 2.1 6.5

1998 124250 71.9 18.5 2.5 7.1

1999 109126 68.3 21 3.1 7.6

2000 106988 66.6 21.8 3.4 8.2

2001 120900 68.6 19.4 3.3 8.7

2002 138369 71.2 17.3 3.1 8.4

2003 160300 74.2 15.2 2.9 7.7

資料來源︰綜合歷年《中國經濟年鑑》

表一:中國的能源生產總量和構成﹝ 1980-2003年﹞

Page 22: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

年份 能源消費總量 佔能源消費總量(%)

(萬噸標準煤) 煤炭 石油 天然氣 水電1980 60275 72.2 20.7 3.1 4

1981 59447 72.7 20 2.8 4.5

1982 62067 73.7 18.9 2.5 4.9

1983 66040 74.2 18.1 2.4 5.3

1984 70904 75.3 17.4 2.4 4.9

1985 76682 75.8 17.1 2.2 4.9

1986 80850 75.8 17.2 2.3 4.7

1987 86632 76.2 17 2.1 4.7

1988 92997 76.2 17.1 2.1 4.7

1989 96934 76 17.1 2 4.9

1990 98703 76.2 16.6 2.1 5.1

1991 103783 76.1 17.1 2 4.8

1992 109170 75.7 17.5 1.9 4.9

1993 115993 74.7 18.2 1.9 5.2

1994 122737 75 17.4 1.9 5.7

1995 131176 74.6 17.5 1.8 6.1

1996 138948 74.7 18 1.8 5.5

1997 137798 71.5 20.4 1.7 6.2

1998 132214 69.6 21.5 2.2 6.7

1999 130119 68 23.2 2.2 6.6

2000 130297 66.1 24.6 2.5 6.8

2001 134914 65.3 24.3 2.7 7.7

2002 148222 65.6 24 2.6 7.8

2003 167800 67.1 22.7 2.8 7.4

資料來源︰ 綜合歷年《中國經濟年鑑》

表二:中國的能源消費總量和構成﹝ 1980-2003年﹞

Page 23: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

Table 3

RegionTotal Population (year-end) 10000 persons % of national total

Beijing 1456 1.13%Tianjin 1011 0.78%Hebei 6769 5.24%Shanxi 3314 2.56%Inner Mongolia 2380 1.84%Liaoning 4210 3.26%Jilin 2704 2.09%Heilongjiang 3815 2.95%Shanghai 1711 1.32%Jiangsu 7406 5.73%Zhejiang 4680 3.62%Anhui 6410 4.96%Fujian 3488 2.70%Jiangxi 4254 3.29%Shandong 9125 7.06%Henan 9667 7.48%Hubei 6002 4.64%Hunan 6663 5.16%Guangdong 7954 6.16%Guangxi 4857 3.76%Hainan 811 0.63%Chongqing 3130 2.42%Sichuan 8700 6.73%Guizhou 3870 2.99%Yunnan 4376 3.39%Tibet 270 0.21%Shaanxi 3690 2.86%Gansu 2603 2.01%Qinghai 534 0.41%Ningxia 580 0.45%Xinjiang 1934 1.50%National Total 129227

Total population in China 2003

Page 24: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

Table 4

RegionIndustry (100 millionyuan) % of National total

Beijing 1032.03 1.82%Tianjin 1136.24 2.00%Hebei 3212.96 5.66%Shanxi 1192.74 2.10%Inner Mongolia 721.59 1.27%Liaoning 2556.82 4.50%Jilin 929.28 1.64%Heilongjiang 2248.59 3.96%Shanghai 2865.85 5.05%Jiangsu 6004.65 10.58%Zhejiang 4381 7.72%Anhui 1445.6 2.55%Fujian 2147 3.78%Jiangxi 849.32 1.50%Shandong 5860.63 10.32%Henan 3034.14 5.34%Hubei 2254.5 3.97%Hunan 1452.86 2.56%Guangdong 6532.98 11.51%Guangxi 813.81 1.43%Hainan 102.52 0.18%Chongqing 768.37 1.35%Sichuan 1771.41 3.12%Guizhou 457.12 0.81%Yunnan 872.14 1.54%Tibet 13.77 0.02%Shaanxi 834.76 1.47%Gansu 449.81 0.79%Qinghai 120.77 0.21%Ningxia 143.31 0.25%Xinjiang 571 1.01%National Total 56777.57

Gross Domestic Product of industry by Region

Page 25: 1.Difference between power and energy A. Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and Primary electricity B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like diesel.

Table 5

RegionGross Regional Product(100 million yuan) % of National total

Beijing 3663.1 2.70%Tianjin 2447.66 1.81%Hebei 7089.56 5.23%Shanxi 2456.59 1.81%Inner Mongolia 2150.41 1.59%Liaoning 6002.54 4.43%Jilin 2522.62 1.86%Heilongjiang 4430 3.27%Shanghai 6250.81 4.61%Jiangsu 12460.83 9.19%Zhejiang 9395 6.93%Anhui 3972.38 2.93%Fujian 5232.17 3.86%Jiangxi 2830.46 2.09%Shandong 12435.93 9.18%Henan 7048.59 5.20%Hubei 5401.71 3.99%Hunan 4638.73 3.42%Guangdong 13625.87 10.05%Guangxi 2735.13 2.02%Hainan 670.93 0.50%Chongqing 2250.56 1.66%Sichuan 5456.32 4.03%Guizhou 1356.11 1.00%Yunnan 2465.29 1.82%Tibet 184.5 0.14%Shaanxi 2398.58 1.77%Gansu 1304.6 0.96%Qinghai 390.51 0.29%Ningxia 385.34 0.28%Xinjiang 1877.61 1.39%National Total 135530.44

Gross Domestic Product by Region