16 Dec 2008 Composer Deaf Classical Musician Ludwig van Beethoven 1770- 26 March 1827.

16 Dec 2008Composer

Deaf

Classical Musician

Ludwig van Beethoven1770- 26 March 1827

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Ludwig van Beethoven• Ludwig van Beethoven, 16 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and

pianist. He was a crucial figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music, and remains one of the most respected and influential composers of all time.

• Born in Bonn, then in the Electorate of Cologne (now in modern-day Germany), he moved to Vienna in his early twenties and settled there, studying with Joseph Haydn and quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist. Beethoven's hearing gradually deteriorated beginning in his twenties, yet he continued to compose, and to conduct and perform, even after he was completely deaf.

• Beethoven was born in Bonn, Electorate of Cologne, in 1770. Of the seven children born to Johann Beethoven, only second-born Ludwig and two younger brothers survived infancy. Beethoven was baptized on 17 December 1770.Although his birth date is not known for certain, his family celebrated his birthday on 16 December.

• Beethoven's first music teacher was his father, who was a tenor in the service of the Electoral court at Bonn. He was reportedly a harsh instructor. Johann later engaged a friend, Tobias Pfeiffer, to preside over his son's musical training, and it is said Johann and his friend would at times come home late from a night of drinking to pull young Ludwig out of bed to practice until morning. Beethoven's talent was recognized at a very early age, and by 1778 he was studying the organ and viola in addition to the piano. His most important teacher in Bonn was Christian Gottlob Neefe, who was the Court's Organist. Neefe helped Beethoven publish his first composition: a set of keyboard variations.





Cities to press Port of Seattle on daily use of third runway

• A group of cities that spent years suing the Port of Seattle over construction of the third runway wants Seattle-Tacoma International Airport officials to explain why the runway is being used for more flights than promised.

• Bob Sheckler, co-chairman of the Highline Forum, has called a public meeting between officials with the Port and surrounding cities for Thursday. "If we don't like the answers, then we are going to aggressively go after the Port for additional mitigation," he said.

• For years, Port officials said the airport needed a third runway to reduce delays in bad weather with low visibility.

• Since it opened Nov. 20, however, the runway has been used every day. Port officials now say it will be used 365 days a year, in poor or good weather during peak traffic periods.

• "I'm livid over the whole thing," Sheckler said. "For the 10 years I've been associated with the [Airport Communities Coalition], I have been assured over and over and over again of the use of this third runway.



• In earlier environmental-impact studies, the Port had projected landing 28 percent of the airport's flights on the third runway by 2010. Since it opened, 41 percent of arrivals have landed on the runway, according to the Port.

• Perry Cooper, spokesman for the Port, said arrivals on the third runway are seasonally high because of the weather and may average out lower over 12 months.

• "This time of year is a time of year when we have lower visibility," he said. "If this was June, July, August, our percentages would probably be a lot lower."

• Cooper said that while the weather might appear clear from the ground, that may not be the case for planes landing.

• "We might look outside and go, 'Wow, this is a great day for us.' But when you're looking about how to operate an airport and landings for instruments — doesn't mean it's a good day from that standpoint."

• Sheckler headed the Airport Communities Coalition, which filed more than 20 lawsuits against the Port between the mid-1990s and 2004 because of environmental concerns. The Highline Forum, which represents Des Moines, SeaTac, Tukwila, Federal Way, Normandy Park and the Highline School District, came together after the suits ended to act as a monitoring organization.

• Sheckler said if the runway is being used more than promised, the Port should do a new environmental-impact study.



Daily SparkDaily Spark

In your opinion, do the communities have a complaint, and what should be done?

In your opinion, do the communities have a complaint, and what should be done?

What river did Washington cross on Christmas night? Name the Battle he engaged in the next day and who it was against.

What river did Washington cross on Christmas night? Name the Battle he engaged in the next day and who it was against.Delaware River, Battle of Trenton, and against theHessian.





Today

Foreign Allies Winter at Valley Forge War at Sea

Foreign Allies

• France and Spain, who were enemies of Great Britain, had been secretly aiding the Patriots.

• In 1776 the Patriots sent several delegates to France, including Ben Franklin.

• Franklin worked hard to increase French support for the Patriot cause.



France and Spain Enter the War

• The victory at Saratoga convinced France that America could win the war.

• In May 1778 the Continental Congress approved an alliance with France.

• Spain joined the war against Britain in 1779.

• The Spanish provided much of their help to the Patriots on the western frontier.



Marquis de Lafayette• Individual foreigners also

fought for the patriots. Marquis de Lafayette, a wealthy Frenchman arrived in America to help fight the British, he was inexperienced in warfare but Washington was impressed with his belief in the Patriots.

• During the course of the war he gave the Patriots $200,000 of his own money in the name of the American’s cause.



Valley Forge

• The entry of France and Spain into the war came at a critical time for the Patriots because the Continental Army was running very low on supplies.

• In December 1777, Washington settled his troops at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.





Friedrich von Steuben

• There they suffered shortages of food and clothing.

• During the harsh winter more than 1/5 of the soldiers died of disease and malnutrition.

• In Feb. 1778 a veteran Prussian officer arrived in Valley Forge, Friedrich von Steuben came to Washington’s aid to train Washington’s troops.

• He taught the American troops basic military skills.



War at Sea

• The Americans faced difficult odds in the war at sea.

• Congress created a navy and by Feb 1776, the navy only had 8 fighting ships.

• It was no match for the much larger British fleet.



USS WASP

American Pirates

• Instead of fighting large battles, the Patriots tried to attack individual ships and supply ports.

• During the war the British lost hundreds of ships to small American raiding ships.



John Paul Jones

• One of the most successful American captains was John Paul Jones.

• Born John Paul in Scotland he accidentally killed the a man and fled to America and added Jones to his name.



French Gift

• When war broke out, Johns joined the newly created navy.

• Jones quickly established himself as a brave and clever sailor. The French greatly admired him, and In 1779, the French gave him a small fleet of 7 vessels to command.

• He named his boat Bonhomme Richard (Gentleman Richard) in honor of Benjamin Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanac.



Victory at Sea• One of Jones’ most

famous victories was against the ship Serapis.

• Early in the battle, the British did heavy damage to Bonhomme Richard. The British captain called out “has your ship surrended?”

• Jones replied “I have yet begun to fight.”

• Two hours later the British surrendered.





16 Dec 2008 Composer Deaf Classical Musician Ludwig van Beethoven 1770- 26 March 1827.

Documents

port of seattle

johann beethoven

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young ludwig

surrounding cities

music teacher

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