Perencanaan Jaringan Seluler Case Study: 3G System Design Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak ( TE.4103 ) STT Telkom - BANDUNG
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Oct 30, 2014
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Perencanaan Jaringan SelulerCase Study: 3G System Design
Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak ( TE.4103 )
STT Telkom - BANDUNG
04/08/23 SISKOMBER-TE.4103 2
Conditions of 3G PlanningPlanning should meet current standards and
demands and also comply with future requirements.
Uncertainty of future traffic growth and service needs.
High bit rate services require knowledge of coverage and capacity enhancements methods.
Real constraintsCoexistence and co-operation of 2G and 3G for old
operators.Environmental constraints for new operators.
Network planning depends not only on the coverage but also on load.
04/08/23 SISKOMBER-TE.4103 3
Objectives of the Planning Traffic Forecasting:
To measure the demand on targeted marked so as to allow an appropriate growth of the Network.
Coverage: To obtain the ability of the network ensure the availability of the
service in the entire service area. Capacity:
To support the subscriber traffic with sufficiently low blocking and delay.
Quality: Linking the capacity and the coverage and still provide the
required QoS. Costs:
To enable an economical network implementation when the service is established and a controlled network expansion during the life cycle of the network.
04/08/23 SISKOMBER-TE.4103 4
Business Planning Marketing is responsible the revenue side and must also
produce a traffic forecast. The engineering model must translate the traffic forecast into a
network plan and generate the capex and opex numbers to be passed to the financial model.
The financial model takes in information from marketing, including key metrics, revenue forecast, acquisition costs and capex, opex from the engineering model.
MarketingModel
MarketingModel
Engineering ModelEngineering Model
FinanceModel
FinanceModel
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Financial model
Capturing all the detail of the customer base dynamics, the financial model allows the most comprehensive and rigorous approach to forecasting the cost base and ultimately a valuation.
The financial model outputs are those used by decision makers at board level and the financial community.
The presentation pack produced by the financial model provides a complete business case, which takes the reader from an analysis of the population through to a range of valuations.
The valuation of the business case is the ultimate objective of the suite of models.
04/08/23 SISKOMBER-TE.4103 6
Business Planning Model
Business Planning Model
Market ForecastModel
Market ForecastModel
Engineering Model’s Network Opex and Capex
Forecasts
Engineering Model’s Network Opex and Capex
Forecasts
Operational Structure,
Distribution Channels, Staffing
etc.
Operational Structure,
Distribution Channels, Staffing
etc.
The model combines inputs from the marketing and the engineering models with operating cost assumptions to forecast the financial statements and free cash flow.
Network Capex and Opex Forecast
Customers and Revenue Forecasts
Operating Cost Assumptions
Profit & Loss Profit & Loss
Balance
Sheet
Balance
Sheet
Cash FlowCash Flow
Free Cash Flow in Nominal Local Currency
Free Cash Flow in Nominal Local Currency
All figures in Nominal Local Currency
(Operating Cash Flow less Capital Expenditure)
04/08/23 SISKOMBER-TE.4103 7
Marketing Model
How many customers do we
have?
How many customers do we
have?
How much are they willing to
spend?
How much are they willing to
spend?
What are our tariffs?
What are our tariffs?
Traffic ForecastTraffic Forecast
Revenue ForecastRevenue Forecast
Essentially the question is how many customers are there and what does the mobile operator has to deliver for the money paid by those customers.
What kind of Services do we
offer?
What kind of Services do we
offer?
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Cost and Revenue Structure
3G Operator’s
Radio Network
Cost
3G Operator’s
Radio Network
Cost
3G Operator’s
Core Network
Cost
3G Operator’s
Core Network
Cost
Internet Connectivit
y Cost
Internet Connectivit
y Cost
3G Operator’s
Hosting PlatformRevenue
3G Operator’s
Hosting PlatformRevenue
End User RevenueEnd User Revenue
End UserEnd User Third Party RevenueThird Party Revenue
04/08/23 SISKOMBER-TE.4103 9
The Diversity of 3G Applications and Sources of Billing
End UserEnd User
Customer
Customer
Third PartyThird Party
Individual
Individual
Content ProviderContent Provider
Corporate
Corporate
E-Commer
ce Vendor
E-Commer
ce Vendor
CategoryCategory
Advertiser
Advertiser
•Telephony, Internet access, messaging•Information & Entertainment•Video Services
•Telephony, Internet access, messaging•Information & Entertainment•Video Services
•Content placed on portal or in walled garden, retail outlet•Delivery of push content, e.g. share price information
•Content placed on portal or in walled garden, retail outlet•Delivery of push content, e.g. share price information
•Corporate Intranet
•Machine to machine•Direct access
•Corporate Intranet
•Machine to machine•Direct access
•Sales transaction
•Targeting information at individuals who fulfil certain criteria
•Sales transaction
•Targeting information at individuals who fulfil certain criteria
Application TypeApplication Type
•Visits or responses
•Pushing targeted advertisements
•Visits or responses
•Pushing targeted advertisements
Other OperatorOther Operator•Interconnect•Network capacity, e.g. MVNO•Roaming
•Interconnect•Network capacity, e.g. MVNO•Roaming
•Voice & data transport•Content•Service rendered
•Voice & data transport•Content•Service rendered
•Hosting, content & customer data management, transport, secure transaction, billing & collection•Transport
•Hosting, content & customer data management, transport, secure transaction, billing & collection•Transport
•Transport, security, application development, hosting•Transport, closed user group, application•Interconnect
•Transport, security, application development, hosting•Transport, closed user group, application•Interconnect
•Hosting, billing & collection, secure, payment, transport•User profile information, transport
•Hosting, billing & collection, secure, payment, transport•User profile information, transport
What is BilledWhat is Billed
•Hits, exposure, hosting, transport
•Customer information, transport
•Hits, exposure, hosting, transport
•Customer information, transport
•Terminating traffic on operator’s network•Transport, co-location•Transport
•Terminating traffic on operator’s network•Transport, co-location•Transport
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3G Tariff Dimensions for different Services Packages
Web-Browsing, Intranet Access
Web-Browsing, Intranet Access
MessagingMessaging
Time Sensitive
Information
Time Sensitive
Information
File TransferFile Transfer
ApplicationApplication
Streaming Media
Streaming Media
Looking up web-pagesLooking up web-pages
E-mail, telemetry
E-mail, telemetry
Share pricesShare prices
Download software
Download software
ExampleExample
Video Telephony
Video Telephony
Highly RelevantHighly
Relevant
Access Bandwid
th
Access Bandwid
th
Highly RelevantHighly
Relevant
ShoppingShopping Visit virtual shops
Visit virtual shops
RelevantRelevant
Highly RelevantHighly
Relevant
Bit RateGuarante
e
Bit RateGuarante
e
Highly RelevantHighly
Relevant
RelevantRelevant
Highly RelevantHighly
Relevant
Data Volume
Data Volume
Highly RelevantHighly
Relevant
RelevantRelevant
Per EventPer
Event
Tariff DimensionTariff Dimension
Free to End-UserFree to
End-User
Highly RelevantHighly
Relevant
Information / Entertainme
nt
Information / Entertainme
nt
News, Games,
Gambling
News, Games,
GamblingRelevantRelevant
ContentContent
Highly RelevantHighly
Relevant
04/08/23 SISKOMBER-TE.4103 11
Tariff Plans to Suit Market Segments and Applications.
Customer
Customer
Internet Café model: pay per day when you want to use the service
Low cost walled garden Internet access with limited messaging features
Monthly subscription
Internet Café model: pay per day when you want to use the service
Low cost walled garden Internet access with limited messaging features
Monthly subscription
Negotiated annual subscriptions per user
Wholesale: Negotiated based on overall usage
Negotiated annual subscriptions per user
Wholesale: Negotiated based on overall usage
Monthly subscriptionMonthly subscription
Internet & Intranet Access
Internet & Intranet Access
Negotiated annual subscriptionNegotiated annual subscription
Pay per message without file attachment
Bundled number of messages per month
Free to user: 3rd party pays, e.g. payment instruction to bank
Pay per message without file attachment
Bundled number of messages per month
Free to user: 3rd party pays, e.g. payment instruction to bank
•Negotiated•Negotiated
Bundled number of messages per month
Unlimited messaging without file attachment
Bundled number of messages per month
Unlimited messaging without file attachment
MessagingMessaging
Negotiated annual subscriptionNegotiated annual subscription
Subscription based on subscription to content
Pay per event
Pay per use for user pulled content
Free to user: 3rd party pays, e.g. product information, bank balance
Subscription based on subscription to content
Pay per event
Pay per use for user pulled content
Free to user: 3rd party pays, e.g. product information, bank balance
Negotiated based on usage
Revenue sharing
Negotiated based on usage
Revenue sharing
Same as for mass market consumersSame as for mass market consumers
ContentContent
Negotiated annual subscriptionNegotiated annual subscription
Mass Market
Consumer
Mass Market
Consumer
Third PartyThird Party
Techy / Small
Business
Techy / Small
Business
Corporate
Corporate
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Pendahuluan
1. Prediksi gross income (pendapatan kasar).Berbagai upaya dapat dilakukan untuk meneliti gross income,diantaranya adalah penelitian populasi penduduk, rata-rataincome, tipe-tipe bisnis yang berkembang, dll
2. Pengenalan kompetitorPenting untuk diketahui situasi kompetitor yang ada, untukmemastikan adanya peluang. Dalam hal ini bisa dilihat cakupandari kompetitor, performansi sistemnya, maupun juga jumlahpelanggan untuk dibandingkan jumlah pelanggan potensial yangbelum terlayani.
3. Keputusan cakupan geografisPertanyaannya adalah : mana daerah geografi yang dicakupsistem yang diinginkan serta jenis layanan apa yang cocok untukdaerah tersebut ? Pertanyaan tersebut harus dijawab untukkemudian diteruskan pada Bagian Teknik.
Implementasi suatu jaringan telekomunikasi di suatu wilayah disamping berhadapan dengan regulasi telekomunikasi, juga akan berhadapan dengan situasi pasar yang harus dipelajari dengan seksama untuk mengantisipasi berbagai kemungkinan. Di bawah ini adalah 3 tugas besar yang harus dikerjakan seorang analis pasar ...
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Siklus Perencanaan Sistem Cellular
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Apa sesungguhnya peranan seorang engineer ?
1. Memulai sketsa perencanaan pada daerah pelayanan,tujuannya adalah menghasilkan cakupan service pada daerahpelayanan dengan sesedikit mungkin jumlah sel, kapasitassebesar mungkin untuk alokasi BW yang diberikan, serta kualitassebaik mungkin.
2. Menentukan jumlah kanal RF yang diperlukan untuk melayaniprediksi trafik pada jam sibuk sampai beberapa tahun ke depan.
3. Studi problem interferensi.Cochannel interference, adjacent channel interference, maupunjuga kemungkinan terjadinya intermodulasi dari tiap sel.Selanjutnya mencari cara-cara untuk mengatasi hal itu.
4. Studi mengenai probabilitas blocking pada tiap sel, sertamencari langkah-langkah untuk meminimisasi hal tersebut
5. Perencanaan teknologi untuk menyerap pelanggan baru.Jumlah kenaikan pelanggan baru akan tergantung kepada biayakomunikasi, performansi sistem, serta juga kecenderungan bisnis.Secara teknik harus dipikirkan upgrading sistem, teknik-teknikpengembangan kapasitas untuk BW yang terbatas pada layanansistem komunikasi bergerak.
Setelah menerima laporan dari analis
ekonomi yang meneliti kelayakan ekonomi,
tugas seorang engineer untuk
mewujudkan jaringan yang andal dari sisi kapasitas, kualitas
dengan biaya seefisien mungkin
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Sebelum merencanakan sistem, seorang engineer harus memiliki pengetahuan yang mendalam mengenai dasar-dasar teknologi selular, yang meliputi struktur sel, channel asignment, cell splitting, sistem sel overlay, pemrosesan panggilan, konsep propagasi radio , dan berbagai prinsip lainnya.
Seperti yang sudah dijelaskan dimuka, bahwa langkah pertama desain jaringan telekomunikasi selalu berdasar tentang estimasi apa yang akan terjadi pada masa datang terhadap jaringan yang hendak direncanakan. Dalam hal ini prediksi trafik telekomunikasi merupakan hal penting yang pertamakali akan dilakukan.
Filosofi umum dari desain jaringan telekomunikasi adalah mendapatkan performansi terbaik dengan minimal cost. Performansi radio meliputi kualitas kanal fisik untuk kontrol / signalling dan juga kanal fisik suara. Dalam kaitan ini, ukuran dari kualitas transmisi adalah S/(I+N) atau biasa disebut RF signal to impairement ratio.
Seorang RF enginner harus menganalisis 2 macam kondisi : (1), Pada kondisi yang terburuk, dan (2), Pada kondisi rata-rata yang dicapai oleh jaringan yang didesain. Dalam hal ini, kondisi performansi rata-rata akan menunjukkan ukuran persepsi pelanggan mengenai kualitas yang akhirnya bermuara pada kepuasan pelanggan. Sedangkan analisis kondisi terburuk adalah untuk mencegah berbagai kasus terburuk yang mungkin akan terjadi.
Lalu..
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Adalah cukup sulit untuk mencapai performansi yang diharapkan pada lingkungan komunikasi mobile yang sangat kompleks. Karena itu diharapkan seorang engineer memiliki berbagai pengetahuan untuk melakukan optimalisasi sistem yang nantinya akan melibatkan berbagai solusi kompromi dari berbagai kondisi trade off yang nantinya akan dihadapi. Berbagai metoda optimalisasi jaringan komunikasi bergerak seluler ini diberikan pada bagian selanjutnya.
Goal • Kapasitas
• Coverage
• Kualitas
Tujuan Perencanaan Jaringan Selular...
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Perencanaan jaringan dimulai dari alokasi lebar pita frekuensi yang diberikan pemerintah kepada suatu operator seluler. Alokasi lebar pita frekuensi inilah yang digunakan oleh operator untuk memberikan layanan komunikasi dengan kualitas komunikasi yang sebaik-baiknya dan untuk sebanyak-banyaknya user.
Tujuan dari Perencanaan
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START
Analisa kapasitas yang dibutuhkan Atot = (Erlang)
Kapasitas sistem dari BW yang
dialokasikan Asel = (Erlang /
sel)
Diagram Alir Perencanaan Sel
Jumlah sel Atot /Asel = (sel)
2,6
SelLuasSelJariJari
SelJumlah
PelayananAreaLuasSelLuas
Analisa Pathloss Analisa Link Budget Perhitungan Daya Frequency Planning
END
KUALITASOKE ?
OPTIMASI• Threshold
handover• Daya Pancar• Noise Figure, dll
Prediksi trafik yang dibutuhkan sampai dengan beberapa tahun ke depan (Analisis statistik demand)
Yes
No
Kapasitas
Coverage
Kualitas
Traffic Forecasting
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Traffic Forecasting
Penetration & total subscribersCustomers, gross adds, churnVoice, data and other source of revenuesUser growth joint up to maturity of the
network.As initial works to measure the required
capacity
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Demographic Anatomy of Targeted Market (i-th year!)
Total Population
100%
70% Old Enough
to Own
Mobile Phone
60% With Sufficient Income
Addressable Market 42%
80% Expresses Interest: Potential Demand 33.6% of Population
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Propensity to Adopt Mobile Comm. by Age example from Western European country: Age is an important discriminator.
A Western European country, sample 1,000 interviews 1997
Propensity to Adopt by Age
y = -0.0106x + 0.9686
R2 = 0.9333
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
17 27 37 47 57 67 77Age of Potentail Adopters
Pote
nti
al A
dop
ters
04/08/23 SISKOMBER-TE.4103 23
Correlation between propensity to adopt mobile & income example lower income country: Income matters.
A Far Eastern country, sample 1,500 interviews 1996
Propensity to Adopt Cellular by Income
y = 0.0852x + 0.0471
R2 = 0.9818
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
<30 30-50 50-70 70-90 90-110 >110
Monthly Net Income
Pot
enti
al A
dop
ters
in S
amp
le
04/08/23 SISKOMBER-TE.4103 24
Penetration Growth
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
Pen
etr
ati
on
of
Pop
ula
tion
Potential Demand Ceiling The potential demand
assumptions should be linked to changing demographic patterns and changes in income.
The potential demand sets a penetration ceiling, conceptually the maximum potential penetration is the level at which the service life cycle curve reaches its upper limit.
04/08/23 SISKOMBER-TE.4103 25
Growth of Subscribers
0%
20
40
60
80
100
12019
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
Nu
mb
er o
f S
ub
sc.
(Mil
lio
n)
Saturation Level
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Traffic Growth
e.g voice traffic/user = 27 mErl which comprises 80% of total traffic, Data traffic/user = 10 mErl which is the rest of total traffic. Combined average generated traffic per user is 23.1 mErl.
0%
40
80
120
160
200
240
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
Off
ere
d T
raff
ic (
kErl
)
Saturation Level
04/08/23 SISKOMBER-TE.4103 27
The Traffic Data from the Marketing Model Drives Network Dimensioning.
Because the model is intended to be used in the business-planning phase, it is essential that a range of scenarios can be evaluated rapidly.
The impact of varying, for example, different tariffs can be calculated instantly.
The engineering model can run completely in the background so that business planners can run scenarios without recourse to engineering.
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The Engineering Model covers Capex and Opex for 2G and 3G Networks.
The capex and opex part of the 3G Mobile Toolkit covers the technical aspects, including capital and operational expenditures.
The scope of the 3G engineering model includes dimensioning and costing for the following elements: Radio networkCore network & interconnectServer network
ENGINEERING MODEL
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What’s New on 3G
Multiservice environment:Highly sophisticated radio interface.
• Bit rates from 8 kbit/s to 2 Mbit/s, also variable rate.Cell coverage and service design for multiple
services:• different bit rate• different QoS requirements.
Various radio link coding/throughput adaptation schemes.
Interference averaging mechanisms:• need for maximum isolation between cells.
“Best effort” provision of packet data. Intralayer handovers
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What’s New on 3GAir interface:
Capacity and coverage coupled.Fast power control.Planning a soft handover overhead.Cell dominance and isolationVulnerability to external interference
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What’s New on 3G
2G and 3G:Co-existence of 2G and 3G sites.Handover between 2G and 3G systems.Service continuity between 2G and 3G.
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3G (WCDMA) Radio Network Planning Process
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1st. Coverage
coverage regions; area type information:
Dense Urban, Urban, sub-urban, or rural
propagation conditions:Indoor, outdoor
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Radio Link Budgets (WCDMA) There are some WCDMA-specific parameters in the link
budget that are not used in a TDMA-based: Interference margin:
• it is needed due to the traffic loading of the cell. The more loading is allowed, the larger is the interference margin needed in the uplink, and the smaller is the coverage area. Typical values for the interference margin are 1.0–3.0 dB, corresponding to 20–50% Cell loading.
Fast fading margin (power control headroom): • Some headroom is needed in MS TX power for maintaining
adequate closed loop fast power control to be able to effectively compensate the fast fading. Typical values for the fast fading margin are 2.0–5.0 dB for slow-moving MS.
Soft handover gain: • Soft handover gives an additional macro diversity gain against fast
fading by reducing the required Eb/No relative to a single radio link. The soft handover gain is assumed between 2.0 and 3.0 dB
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RLB: Assumptions for MS and BS
MS
BS
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Example of WCDMA RLB for VoiceLink budget of AMR 12.2 kbps voice service (120 km/h, in-car users, Vehicular A type channel, with soft handover)
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Example of WCDMA RLB for DataLink budget of 144 kbps real-time data service (3 km/h, indoor user covered by outdoor BS, Vehicular A type channel, with soft handover)
Link budget of 144 kbps real-time data service (3 km/h, indoor user covered by outdoor BS, Vehicular A type channel, with soft handover)
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Cell range calculation
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RLB: Okumura-Hatta Model
The propagation model describes the average signal propagation in an environment, and it converts the maximum allowed propagation loss in dB on the row u to the maximum cell range in kilometres.
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Maximum and Average Path Loss in Macro Cells
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Cell RangeFrom the RLB above, the cell range R can be
calculated. e.g with the Okumura–Hata propagation model for an urban macro cell with base station antenna height of 30 m, mobile antenna height of 1.5 m and carrier frequency of 1950 MHz:
L = 137.4 + 35.2 log10 (Rkm) …..Urban
L = 129.4 + 35.2 log10 (Rkm) …Sub-Urban
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Cell Range
From RLB above, MAPL for 12.2 kbps voice service is 141.9 dB:Urban: Rcell = 1.34 km
Sub-urban: Rcell = 2.27 km
For 144 kbps data service with MAPL = 133.8 dB:Urban: Rcell = 0.79 km
Sub-urban: Rcell = 1.33 km
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2nd. Capacity
Spectrum availability; Subscriber growth forecast; Traffic density information to estimate the
amount of supported traffic per base station site.
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3th. Quality of Service
Area location probability (coverage probability);
Blocking probability; End user throughput.
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3G W-CDMA Capacity (1)
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3G W-CDMA Capacity (2)
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Uplink Load FactorLoad Factor:
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Downlink Load Factor
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Noise Rise Capacity
The load equation predicts the amount of noise rise over thermal noise due to interference.
The noise rise is equal to -10log10(1 – UL).
The interference margin on row i in the link budget must be equal to the maximum planned noise rise.
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Example (DL) Load Factor Calculation
1. Assume the required aggregate cell throughput in kbps. Through-put is equal to the number of users Nx(bit rate R)x(1 - BLER).
2. Calculate load factor DL from Equation above. 3. Calculate average path loss from RLB.4. Calculate maximum path loss by adding 6 dB.
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Maximum Path Loss Calculations for Data Transmission
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Capacity vs Coverage
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Base Station Transmission Power The minimum required transmission power for each user is determined
by the average attenuation between base station transmitter and mobile receiver, L, and the mobile receiver sensitivity, in the absence of multiple access interference (intra- or inter-cell). Then the effect of noise rise due to interference is added to this minimum power and the total represents the transmission power required for a user at an ‘average’ location in the cell. Mathe-matically, the total base station transmission power can be expressed by the followingequation:
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Effect of BS TX Power to DL Capacity and Coverage
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Capacity per SubscriberCapacity depends on AMR rate (voice) and data
rate for the associated Eb/No.e.g. 5 MHz W-CDMA carrier capacity is 800
kbps/cell or 80 voice channels/cell, Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) carrier capacity is 2000 kbps/cell.
Cell capacity utilisation is 80% during busy hours;
Busy hour carries 20 % of daily traffic.1000 subscribers per site;3 sectors per site, 2 carrier (i.e 10MHz), Config.
2+2+2
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Capacity per Subscriber
Uplink:
Equivalent with 1725 minutes/Subc./monthDownlink Packet Access:
650 MB/Subc./MonthWith split 50/50, we get 325 MB + 862
min/subc./month
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Typical Capacity of W-CDMA
Capacities per km2 with macro and micro layers in an urban area Capacities per km2 with macro and micro layers in an urban area
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Iteration of Capacity and Coverage Calculations
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Case Study: Planning in Espoo, Finland
Please refer to:
Hari Holma & Antti Toskala, “WCDMA for UMTS”, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Son, 2004, p.210 – 214.
Course Work: Make a resume from that section! Submit due to the end of Semester (before UAS).
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Network Optimisation
Network optimisation is a process to improve the overall network quality as experienced by the mobile subscribers and to ensure that network resources are used efficiently. Optimisation includes:
1. Performance measurements.
2. Analysis of the measurement results.
3. Updates in the network configuration and parameters.
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Network Optimisation Process
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Network Performance Measurements
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Network Tuning with Antenna Tilts
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GSM - WCDMA Co-Planning Utilisation of existing base station sites is important in speeding up WCDMA
deployment and in sharing sites and transmission costs with the existing GSM networks. The feasibility of sharing sites depends on the relative coverage of the existing network compared to WCDMA. Typical maximum path losses with existing GSM and with WCDMA:
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Co-siting of GSM and WCDMA Since the coverage of WCDMA typically is satisfactory when
reusing GSM sites, GSM site reuse is the preferred solution in practice.
The co-siting of GSM and WCDMA is taken into account in 3GPP performance requirements and the interference between the systems can be avoided.
Co-sited WCDMA and GSM systems can share the antenna when a dual band or wideband antenna is used. The antenna needs to cover both the GSM band and UMTS band. GSM and WCDMA signals are combined with a diplexer to the common antenna feeder.
The shared antenna solution is attractive from the site solution point of view but it limits the flexibility in optimising the antenna directions of GSM and WCDMA independently.
Another co-siting solution is to use separate antennas for the two networks. That solution gives full flexibility in optimising the networks separately.
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Co-siting of GSM and WCDMA
Thank You
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