1. Which of the great religious systems below were characterized by monotheism combined with a sacred text and a strong missionary thrust? a. Buddhism.

1.1. Which of the great religious systems below were Which of the great religious systems below were characterized by monotheism combined with a sacred characterized by monotheism combined with a sacred text and a strong missionary thrust?text and a strong missionary thrust?

a.a. Buddhism and Buddhism and ConfucianismConfucianism

d. Christianity and Islamd. Christianity and Islam

b.b. Buddhism and HinduismBuddhism and Hinduism e. Islam and Judaisme. Islam and Judaism

c.c. Christianity and JudaismChristianity and Judaism

2.2. Which of the following is true of both the Roman Empire and the Han Which of the following is true of both the Roman Empire and the Han Empire?Empire?

a.a. Both empires were heavily dependent on slave laborBoth empires were heavily dependent on slave labor

b.b. Both empires were characterized by long periods of effective central Both empires were characterized by long periods of effective central governance.governance.

c.c. In both empires, extensive maritime trade was importantIn both empires, extensive maritime trade was important

d.d. In both empires administrative officials were selected by an elaborate In both empires administrative officials were selected by an elaborate system of competitive examinationssystem of competitive examinations

e.e. Both empires were ruled by wealthy merchant elites.Both empires were ruled by wealthy merchant elites.

3.3. All of the following were part of the Confucian All of the following were part of the Confucian social order EXCEPT:social order EXCEPT:

a.a. loyalty to the rulerloyalty to the ruler d. chastity by wivesd. chastity by wives

b.b. filial obedience to one’s filial obedience to one’s fatherfather

e. chastity by husbandse. chastity by husbands

c.c. respect for the oldrespect for the old

4.4. Which of the following lived about one Which of the following lived about one thousand years after the other four?thousand years after the other four?

a.a. SocratesSocrates d. Laozid. Laozi

b.b. ConfuciusConfucius e. Siddhartha Gautama e. Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)(Buddha)

c.c. MuhammadMuhammad

5.5. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects Which of the following statements most accurately reflects a major difference between Arab expansion in the 7a major difference between Arab expansion in the 7 thth century and Viking expansion in the 9century and Viking expansion in the 9thth century? century?

a.a. Arab expansion relied most heavily on diplomacy, while Arab expansion relied most heavily on diplomacy, while Viking expansion relied most heavily on military might.Viking expansion relied most heavily on military might.

b.b. Viking expansion tended to occur in areas with few large Viking expansion tended to occur in areas with few large urban centers, while the Arab expansion occurred in areas urban centers, while the Arab expansion occurred in areas with comparatively large urban centers.with comparatively large urban centers.

c.c. Arab expansion was financed by religious tithing, while Arab expansion was financed by religious tithing, while Viking expansion was financed by profit from the silk trade.Viking expansion was financed by profit from the silk trade.

d.d. Viking expansion was limited to Ireland, Scotland, Iceland, Viking expansion was limited to Ireland, Scotland, Iceland, and Greenland, while Arab expansion was limited to the and Greenland, while Arab expansion was limited to the Arabian Peninsula and PersiaArabian Peninsula and Persia

e.e. Arab expansion relied heavily on the technology of the Arab expansion relied heavily on the technology of the cannon, while Viking expansion relied heavily on dragon cannon, while Viking expansion relied heavily on dragon boats.boats.

6.6. Which of the following is true of commerce in the Indian Which of the following is true of commerce in the Indian Ocean during the time period 1000-1450?Ocean during the time period 1000-1450?

a.a. Chinese merchants dominated the trade routes of the Chinese merchants dominated the trade routes of the Indian OceanIndian Ocean

b.b. There was very little commercial activity in the Indian There was very little commercial activity in the Indian OceanOcean

c.c. Merchants from Europe dominated the trade routes of the Merchants from Europe dominated the trade routes of the Indian OceanIndian Ocean

d.d. Following the rise of the Mongols during the 13Following the rise of the Mongols during the 13thth century, century, the volume of Indian Ocean commerce fell sharplythe volume of Indian Ocean commerce fell sharply

e.e. Indian Ocean commerce flourished and was conducted by Indian Ocean commerce flourished and was conducted by a mixture of Asian, Middle Eastern, and East African a mixture of Asian, Middle Eastern, and East African merchantsmerchants

7.7. Which of the following lists three places Ibn Battuta, the 14Which of the following lists three places Ibn Battuta, the 14 thth century Muslim traveler visited?century Muslim traveler visited?

a.a. The Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and JapanThe Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and Japan

b.b. The Arabian Peninsula, France, and IndiaThe Arabian Peninsula, France, and India

c.c. India, Mali, and PersiaIndia, Mali, and Persia

d.d. India, Persia, and PolandIndia, Persia, and Poland

e.e. England, Iraq, and MaliEngland, Iraq, and Mali

8.8. Which of the following had the greatest manufacturing Which of the following had the greatest manufacturing capacity during the time period 1000-1450?capacity during the time period 1000-1450?

a.a. JapanJapan d. Western Europed. Western Europe

b.b. IndiaIndia e. Russiae. Russia

c.c. ChinaChina

9.9. The term “samurai” describes men in feudal The term “samurai” describes men in feudal Japan who were most like the men in feudal Japan who were most like the men in feudal Europe known asEurope known as

a.a. Lords of the manorLords of the manor d. Knightsd. Knights

b.b. Catholic bishopsCatholic bishops e. Merchantse. Merchants

c.c. SerfsSerfs

10.10. In the period between 1000 and 1450, which of the following were two In the period between 1000 and 1450, which of the following were two occupations pursued by large numbers of African and European occupations pursued by large numbers of African and European women?women?

a.a. Midwife and healerMidwife and healer d. Long-distance trader and d. Long-distance trader and merchantmerchant

b.b. Military leader and farmerMilitary leader and farmer e. Metalworker and textile e. Metalworker and textile manufacturermanufacturer

c.c. Scribe and tax collectorScribe and tax collector

11.11. Trade spurred the introduction of both Islam and Trade spurred the introduction of both Islam and Hinduism to what is now called:Hinduism to what is now called:

a.a. JapanJapan d. Indonesiad. Indonesia

b.b. BrazilBrazil e. Saudi Arabiae. Saudi Arabia

c.c. PakistanPakistan

12.12. Renaissance Italy and the Islamic Middle East after the Renaissance Italy and the Islamic Middle East after the decline of the Abbasid Empire in the mid-tenth century decline of the Abbasid Empire in the mid-tenth century are important examples of which of the following?are important examples of which of the following?

a.a. Political unity and cultural creativityPolitical unity and cultural creativity

b.b. Political fragmentation and cultural creativityPolitical fragmentation and cultural creativity

c.c. Political unity and the decline of religionPolitical unity and the decline of religion

d.d. Political fragmentation and the decline of religionPolitical fragmentation and the decline of religion

e.e. Political unity and the rise of secularismPolitical unity and the rise of secularism

13.13. Which of the following statements about the Mongol Which of the following statements about the Mongol Empire of the 13Empire of the 13thth century is true? century is true?

a.a. The invasion of Japan was attempted but was The invasion of Japan was attempted but was unsuccessfulunsuccessful

b.b. The number of Buddhists and Muslims in Asia dropped The number of Buddhists and Muslims in Asia dropped significantly as a result of Mongol persecutionsignificantly as a result of Mongol persecution

c.c. In China, the Mongols eliminated the Chinese scholar-In China, the Mongols eliminated the Chinese scholar-official classofficial class

d.d. The Mongols conquered ConstantinopleThe Mongols conquered Constantinople

e.e. Ibn Battuta’s writings described in detail life in the court Ibn Battuta’s writings described in detail life in the court of Ghengis Khanof Ghengis Khan

14.14. The illustration above shows which of the following about the fifteenth The illustration above shows which of the following about the fifteenth century?century?

a.a. The relative number of ships produced by the Hangzhou shipyards and The relative number of ships produced by the Hangzhou shipyards and the Genoese shipyardsthe Genoese shipyards

b.b. The beginning of a long period of Chinese domination of Indian Ocean The beginning of a long period of Chinese domination of Indian Ocean tradetrade

c.c. The meeting of Vasco da Gama and Zheng HeThe meeting of Vasco da Gama and Zheng He

d.d. The relative size of the European caravel and the Ming treasure shipThe relative size of the European caravel and the Ming treasure ship

e.e. The use of the lateen sailThe use of the lateen sail

15.15. ““Sir, many of our people, keenly desirous of the wares and Sir, many of our people, keenly desirous of the wares and things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your things of your Kingdoms, which are brought here by your people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize people, and in order to satisfy their voracious appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and they kidnap many of our people, freed and exempt men, and they kidnap even nobles and the sons of nobles, and our relatives, and even nobles and the sons of nobles, and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the Whites who are in our take them to be sold to the Whites who are in our Kingdoms.” Kingdoms.” Source: Basil Davidson, trans, The African PastSource: Basil Davidson, trans, The African Past

The quotation above comes from a 1526 letter to a European The quotation above comes from a 1526 letter to a European monarch from a king located. monarch from a king located.

a.a. On the eastern coast of On the eastern coast of AfricaAfrica

d. On the Pacific coast of d. On the Pacific coast of South AmericaSouth America

b.b. On the western coast of On the western coast of AfricaAfrica

e. In the Pacific Islandse. In the Pacific Islands

c.c. On the Pacific coast of Central AmericaOn the Pacific coast of Central America

16.16. The economies of the southern colonies of colonial The economies of the southern colonies of colonial British America developed most like colonial British America developed most like colonial economies ineconomies in

a.a. CanadaCanada d. Ireland and Scotlandd. Ireland and Scotland

b.b. The Dutch East IndiesThe Dutch East Indies e. Massachusetts & New e. Massachusetts & New YorkYork

c.c. The Caribbean and BrazilThe Caribbean and Brazil

17.17. Between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarily interested Between 1500 and 1800, Europeans were primarily interested in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in in tropical colonies in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the Caribbean becausethe Caribbean because

a.a. Large profits could be made form products like sugar, coffee, Large profits could be made form products like sugar, coffee, and pepperand pepper

b.b. The major European states were competing with each other The major European states were competing with each other for imperial hegemonyfor imperial hegemony

c.c. These colonies had strategic military importanceThese colonies had strategic military importance

d.d. These areas had small populations and were thus easy to These areas had small populations and were thus easy to controlcontrol

e.e. Many Europeans were interested in getting away from Many Europeans were interested in getting away from Europe’s wintry climateEurope’s wintry climate

18.18. The type of wall decoration illustrated above would most The type of wall decoration illustrated above would most commonly be found in a commonly be found in a

a.a. StupaStupa d. Templed. Temple

b.b. MosqueMosque e. Marketplacee. Marketplace

c.c. CathedralCathedral

World Economy Theory 1500-1800 (Questions 19-21)

The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between Western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments which made European penetration and slave systems possible.

19.19. Which of the following is an illustration of this world Which of the following is an illustration of this world economy theory?economy theory?

a.a. China was not massively affected by world patterns in the period.China was not massively affected by world patterns in the period.

b.b. The rise of Protestantism and the Scientific Revolution transformed The rise of Protestantism and the Scientific Revolution transformed European cultures.European cultures.

c.c. Latin America exported sugar and sliver and imported manufactured Latin America exported sugar and sliver and imported manufactured items.items.

d.d. Britain had a relatively weak central government compared to France.Britain had a relatively weak central government compared to France.

e.e. Christian missionaries opposed enslaving native peoples. Christian missionaries opposed enslaving native peoples.

World Economy Theory 1500-1800 (Questions 19-21)

The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between Western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments which made European penetration and slave systems possible.

20.20. Which of the following would complicate generalizations made from Which of the following would complicate generalizations made from this economy theory?this economy theory?

a.a. France’s absolute monarchy and military conquestsFrance’s absolute monarchy and military conquests

b.b. Strong governments in the slave exporting regions of West AfricaStrong governments in the slave exporting regions of West Africa

c.c. The role of Dutch trading companies in Southeast AsiaThe role of Dutch trading companies in Southeast Asia

d.d. The use of slaves and the plantation systems in the AmericasThe use of slaves and the plantation systems in the Americas

e.e. European import of sugar and tobaccoEuropean import of sugar and tobacco

World Economy Theory 1500-1800 (Questions 19-21)

The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between Western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments which made European penetration and slave systems possible.

21.21. Which of the following would illustrate an objection to this world Which of the following would illustrate an objection to this world economy theory?economy theory?

a.a. African imports of European gunsAfrican imports of European guns

b.b. The use of serfs to produce grain for export in PolandThe use of serfs to produce grain for export in Poland

c.c. The development of manufacturing in colonial Latin AmericaThe development of manufacturing in colonial Latin America

d.d. Import of European art works by planters in the United States southImport of European art works by planters in the United States south

e.e. The plantation system in the CaribbeanThe plantation system in the Caribbean

22.22. Which of the following was the most important factor in enabling the Which of the following was the most important factor in enabling the Spanish to defeat the Aztec Empire?Spanish to defeat the Aztec Empire?

a.a. The Spanish were able to field larger armies than the AztecsThe Spanish were able to field larger armies than the Aztecs

b.b. The Spanish were able to use their understanding of Aztec culture to The Spanish were able to use their understanding of Aztec culture to create effective propaganda that weakened Aztec resistancecreate effective propaganda that weakened Aztec resistance

c.c. The Spanish were able to exploit discontent within the Aztec state to The Spanish were able to exploit discontent within the Aztec state to trigger a revolt of the lower classes against the Aztec ruling classtrigger a revolt of the lower classes against the Aztec ruling class

d.d. The Spanish were able to form military alliances with other indigenous The Spanish were able to form military alliances with other indigenous peoples who were enemies of the Aztecspeoples who were enemies of the Aztecs

e.e. The Spanish were able to devise effective countermeasures to the horse The Spanish were able to devise effective countermeasures to the horse cavalry that formed the bulk of the Aztec army.cavalry that formed the bulk of the Aztec army.

23.23. The first successful revolution in the Caribbean and The first successful revolution in the Caribbean and South America was launched inSouth America was launched in

a.a. HaitiHaiti d. Colombiad. Colombia

b.b. ArgentinaArgentina e. Jamaicae. Jamaica

c.c. CubaCuba

24.24. ““All things exist as nature dictates. Thus, our Divine Realm is at the top All things exist as nature dictates. Thus, our Divine Realm is at the top of the world. Though not a very large country, it reigns over the Four of the world. Though not a very large country, it reigns over the Four Quarters because its Imperial Line has never known dynastic change. Quarters because its Imperial Line has never known dynastic change. The Western barbarians represent the thighs, legs, and feet of the The Western barbarians represent the thighs, legs, and feet of the universe.”universe.”

From Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, From Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, Anti-Foreignism and Western Learning in Early Anti-Foreignism and Western Learning in Early Modern Japan: The New Theses of 1825Modern Japan: The New Theses of 1825

In this passage, “our Divine Realm” refers to which of the following In this passage, “our Divine Realm” refers to which of the following countries?countries?

a.a. Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia d. Philippinesd. Philippines

b.b. EgyptEgypt e. Japane. Japan

c.c. RussiaRussia

25.25. All of the following have been African contributions to All of the following have been African contributions to cultures in the Americas EXCEPTcultures in the Americas EXCEPT

a.a. African forms of religious African forms of religious observanceobservance

d. African folklored. African folklore

b.b. African musical formsAfrican musical forms e. African monetary e. African monetary systemssystems

c.c. Knowledge of how toKnowledge of how to grow African cropsgrow African crops

26.26. In the 19In the 19thth century, women’s use of bound feet century, women’s use of bound feet (China), white face paint (Japan), and corsets (China), white face paint (Japan), and corsets (Western Europe) are examples of which of the (Western Europe) are examples of which of the following?following?

a.a. Practices that inhibit female activitiesPractices that inhibit female activities

b.b. The beauty of middle-class womenThe beauty of middle-class women

c.c. Fashions that spread worldwideFashions that spread worldwide

d.d. The middle class’s setting the fashion for all womenThe middle class’s setting the fashion for all women

e.e. Women’s participation in the workforceWomen’s participation in the workforce

27.27. Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Which of the following facilitated European expansion in Asia in the 19Asia in the 19thth century? century?

a.a. The popularity of democratic values among AsiansThe popularity of democratic values among Asians

b.b. A general easing of tensions and cooperative expeditions A general easing of tensions and cooperative expeditions among European powersamong European powers

c.c. Europe’s development of new military technologiesEurope’s development of new military technologies

d.d. Asians’ lack of resistance to European diseasesAsians’ lack of resistance to European diseases

e.e. Europe’s ability to send numerically superior armies to Europe’s ability to send numerically superior armies to AsiaAsia

28.28. Which of the following best explains why Japan Which of the following best explains why Japan was more successful than China in resisting was more successful than China in resisting imperialist encroachments in the 19imperialist encroachments in the 19 thth century? century?

a.a. Japan’s manipulation of the rivalries among western Japan’s manipulation of the rivalries among western governmentsgovernments

b.b. The introduction of democracy by the Meiji RestorationThe introduction of democracy by the Meiji Restoration

c.c. The willingness of Japan’s elite to sponsor reformThe willingness of Japan’s elite to sponsor reform

d.d. Lack of interest in Japanese marketsLack of interest in Japanese markets

e.e. Abundant natural resourcesAbundant natural resources

29.29. Which of the following policies led to radicalization in Which of the following policies led to radicalization in both the French Revolution after 1789 and the Russian both the French Revolution after 1789 and the Russian Revolution after 1917?Revolution after 1917?

a.a. War against foreign War against foreign enemiesenemies

d. Creation of a salaried d. Creation of a salaried clergyclergy

b.b. Strikes by factory Strikes by factory workersworkers

e. Imposition of socialisme. Imposition of socialism

c.c. Coming to power of Coming to power of the peasantrythe peasantry

Thrown off test in 2002

30.30. ““Extraterritoriality” can best be described as which Extraterritoriality” can best be described as which of the following?of the following?

a.a. Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the Exemption of foreigners from the laws of the country in which they livecountry in which they live

b.b. Expansion of a country’s international borders to Expansion of a country’s international borders to natural boundariesnatural boundaries

c.c. Extension of dual citizenship to immigrantsExtension of dual citizenship to immigrants

d.d. Acquisition of new colonies or territoriesAcquisition of new colonies or territories

e.e. Establishment of a government in exileEstablishment of a government in exile

31.31. The art of which of the following religions would The art of which of the following religions would make most frequent use of the five symbols make most frequent use of the five symbols pictured above?pictured above?

a.a. ConfucianismConfucianism d. Buddhismd. Buddhism

b.b. ChristianityChristianity e. Islame. Islam

c.c. JudaismJudaism

32.32. Which of the following statements regarding the Which of the following statements regarding the tenets of Islam is accurate?tenets of Islam is accurate?

a.a. Islam is a monotheistic religionIslam is a monotheistic religion

b.b. Muslims worship MuhammadMuslims worship Muhammad

c.c. Pilgrimage to Mecca commemorates the birth of Pilgrimage to Mecca commemorates the birth of MuhammadMuhammad

d.d. The Qur’an is meant to supplement Jewish and The Qur’an is meant to supplement Jewish and Christian scripturesChristian scriptures

e.e. Friday is an obligatory day of rest for MuslimsFriday is an obligatory day of rest for Muslims

33.33. Which of the following best describes patriarchal Which of the following best describes patriarchal gender systems?gender systems?

a.a. Women are not allowed to workWomen are not allowed to work

b.b. Women are confined to the homeWomen are confined to the home

c.c. Women can be bought and soldWomen can be bought and sold

d.d. Women are inferiors and must be protected by Women are inferiors and must be protected by menmen

e.e. Women are not allowed by men to serve as Women are not allowed by men to serve as political rulerspolitical rulers

34.34. Which of the following characterizes trade between the Which of the following characterizes trade between the Roman Empire and India during the first two centuries CE?Roman Empire and India during the first two centuries CE?

Rome to IndiaRome to India India to RomeIndia to Rome

a.a. Silver and GoldSilver and Gold PepperPepper

b.b. Tools and weaponsTools and weapons Silver and GoldSilver and Gold

c.c. HorsesHorses WheatWheat

d.d. TextilesTextiles Silver and GoldSilver and Gold

e.e. Tools and weaponsTools and weapons Wine and Olive OilWine and Olive Oil

35.35. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share which of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share which of the following?the following?

a.a. They are polytheistic religionsThey are polytheistic religions

b.b. They recognize the divine nature of certain They recognize the divine nature of certain prophetsprophets

c.c. They revere both Mecca and Jerusalem as They revere both Mecca and Jerusalem as pilgrimage sitespilgrimage sites

d.d. They recognize the existence of Adam and of They recognize the existence of Adam and of MosesMoses

e.e. They share the Talmud and the Gospels as sacred They share the Talmud and the Gospels as sacred textstexts

36.36. Which of the following was a common feature of most Which of the following was a common feature of most Asian and European philosophies during the period Asian and European philosophies during the period 1000-1450?1000-1450?

a.a. A close association with religionA close association with religion

b.b. Emphasis on experimental scienceEmphasis on experimental science

c.c. Reliance on ideas of individual freedomReliance on ideas of individual freedom

d.d. Substantial scholarly exchange of ideas among all world Substantial scholarly exchange of ideas among all world culturescultures

e.e. Wide availability through printed booksWide availability through printed books

37.37. After the expansion of Islam into Africa, After the expansion of Islam into Africa, an organized Christian presence an organized Christian presence remained inremained in

a.a. Egypt and EthiopiaEgypt and Ethiopia d. areas along the Silk Roadd. areas along the Silk Road

b.b. MoroccoMorocco e. Algeriae. Algeria

c.c. Mauritania & TunisiaMauritania & Tunisia

38.38. Which of the following contributed to the Chinese Which of the following contributed to the Chinese government’s decision to stop voyages of exploration government’s decision to stop voyages of exploration in the Indian Ocean during the early fifteenth century?in the Indian Ocean during the early fifteenth century?

a.a. Armed resistance from Arab naviesArmed resistance from Arab navies

b.b. Lack of sufficient Chinese goods for tradeLack of sufficient Chinese goods for trade

c.c. The destruction of the Chinese fleet by typhoonsThe destruction of the Chinese fleet by typhoons

d.d. Government concern with domestic problems and Government concern with domestic problems and frontier securityfrontier security

e.e. Fear of the spread of the plague to ChinaFear of the spread of the plague to China

39.39. Which of the following languages came into Which of the following languages came into existence after 1000 CE as the direct result of existence after 1000 CE as the direct result of expanding global trade patterns?expanding global trade patterns?

a.a. ArabicArabic d. Sanskritd. Sanskrit

b.b. ChineseChinese e. Swahilie. Swahili

c.c. LatinLatin

40.40. Which of the following is an accurate statement about Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Mongol Empire?the Mongol Empire?

a.a. It attempted to impose Mongol religious beliefs and It attempted to impose Mongol religious beliefs and practices on conquered peoplespractices on conquered peoples

b.b. It reestablished the Silk Road between East Asia and It reestablished the Silk Road between East Asia and EuropeEurope

c.c. It attempted to create a self-contained economic system It attempted to create a self-contained economic system by banning all merchants from non-Mongol territoriesby banning all merchants from non-Mongol territories

d.d. It developed a sophisticated bureaucracy staffed by It developed a sophisticated bureaucracy staffed by talented Mongolstalented Mongols

e.e. It established and maintained clear rules of succession It established and maintained clear rules of succession that insured the unity of the empirethat insured the unity of the empire

41.41. Commerce was a key mode of exchange Commerce was a key mode of exchange between which of the following pairs of between which of the following pairs of political entities?political entities?

a.a. The Mayan Empire and the Song dynastyThe Mayan Empire and the Song dynasty

b.b. Ghana and the Mongol EmpireGhana and the Mongol Empire

c.c. Japan and the Byzantine EmpireJapan and the Byzantine Empire

d.d. The Crusader states an the Fatimid caliphateThe Crusader states an the Fatimid caliphate

e.e. Venice and the Aztec EmpireVenice and the Aztec Empire

42.42. Marco Polo described which of the following at Kublai Marco Polo described which of the following at Kublai Khan’s court that he had not encountered in Europe?Khan’s court that he had not encountered in Europe?

a.a. The use of spies in foreign nationsThe use of spies in foreign nations

b.b. The interest of the Khan in the international sea trade and The interest of the Khan in the international sea trade and European shipbuilding techniquesEuropean shipbuilding techniques

c.c. The use of paper money and coal and the practice of The use of paper money and coal and the practice of frequent bathingfrequent bathing

d.d. The attachment of the Khan to the use of horses for The attachment of the Khan to the use of horses for military purposesmilitary purposes

e.e. The austerity of the design of the Khan’s palaceThe austerity of the design of the Khan’s palace

43.43. The trend shown on the graph above is best The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by the expansion in the explained by the expansion in the production ofproduction of

a.a. CottonCotton d. Riced. Rice

b.b. SugarSugar e. Coffeee. Coffee

c.c. TobaccoTobacco

44.44. Which of the following are the states that dominated the Which of the following are the states that dominated the Mediterranean trade during the 16Mediterranean trade during the 16thth century century

a.a. Italian city-states and the Ottoman EmpireItalian city-states and the Ottoman Empire

b.b. The Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman EmpireThe Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire

c.c. Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal

d.d. The Hapsburg Empire and FranceThe Hapsburg Empire and France

e.e. The Crusader StatesThe Crusader States

45.45. The success of European powers in penetrating the Asian The success of European powers in penetrating the Asian trading system by 1600 can best be explained by thetrading system by 1600 can best be explained by the

a.a. Asian demand for luxury goodsAsian demand for luxury goods

b.b. European use of steam powerEuropean use of steam power

c.c. High demand for European agricultural produce in China High demand for European agricultural produce in China and Indiaand India

d.d. Lower prices of European manufactured productsLower prices of European manufactured products

e.e. Opening of rich silver mines in Peru and MexicoOpening of rich silver mines in Peru and Mexico

46.46. During the 18During the 18thth century, which of the century, which of the following reigned, but did following reigned, but did notnot rule? rule?

a.a. The Ottoman sultanThe Ottoman sultan

b.b. The king of FranceThe king of France

c.c. The Chinese emperorThe Chinese emperor

d.d. The Japanese emperorThe Japanese emperor

e.e. The Russian tsarThe Russian tsar

47.47. In the period 1550-1750, most of the world’s ten largest In the period 1550-1750, most of the world’s ten largest cities were located in which of the following regions?cities were located in which of the following regions?

a.a. The Middle EastThe Middle East d. South Asiad. South Asia

b.b. Western EuropeWestern Europe e. East Asiae. East Asia

c.c. North Africa & southern EuropeNorth Africa & southern Europe

48.48. Which of the following contributed most to the Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450-1750?the period between 1450-1750?

a.a. Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and Western EuropeByzantine Empire and Western Europe

b.b. Its success in creating alliances with European powers to Its success in creating alliances with European powers to expel Turkish invaders from the southexpel Turkish invaders from the south

c.c. The eradication of Islam from Central AsiaThe eradication of Islam from Central Asia

d.d. The fall of the kingdoms of Poland and PrussiaThe fall of the kingdoms of Poland and Prussia

e.e. The use of its strong navy to acquire colonial holdings The use of its strong navy to acquire colonial holdings worldwideworldwide

49.49. Which of the following resulted from the arrival of western Which of the following resulted from the arrival of western Europeans in India and China during the time period 1450-1750?Europeans in India and China during the time period 1450-1750?

a.a. The spread of infectious diseases in India and China and The spread of infectious diseases in India and China and a drastic drop in their populationa drastic drop in their population

b.b. The establishment of small European enclaves in India The establishment of small European enclaves in India and Chinaand China

c.c. A massive drain of silver and gold from India & ChinaA massive drain of silver and gold from India & China

d.d. A great expansion in slave labor in India and ChinaA great expansion in slave labor in India and China

e.e. A major disruption of the economies of India and ChinaA major disruption of the economies of India and China

50.50. Which of the following describes the major Which of the following describes the major impact of the introduction of coffee growing in impact of the introduction of coffee growing in places like Kenya and El Salvador after 1880?places like Kenya and El Salvador after 1880?

a.a. The end of taxes paid to the government in cashThe end of taxes paid to the government in cash

b.b. The weakening of the European colonial military and The weakening of the European colonial military and landowning elitelandowning elite

c.c. Access to cheaper food for Africans and Latin AmericaAccess to cheaper food for Africans and Latin America

d.d. Increased control over the land by Africans and Latin Increased control over the land by Africans and Latin AmericansAmericans

e.e. Greater dependence on foreign markets by Africans and Greater dependence on foreign markets by Africans and Latin AmericansLatin Americans

51.51. Which of the following is an accurate description of Which of the following is an accurate description of relations between European states and the Ottoman relations between European states and the Ottoman Empire in the period 1815-1914?Empire in the period 1815-1914?

a.a. The Ottomans were expanding at the expense of Russia, The Ottomans were expanding at the expense of Russia, England, and FranceEngland, and France

b.b. Russian, English, and French expansion came at the Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomansexpense of the Ottomans

c.c. The Ottomans, in alliance with the Russians, English, The Ottomans, in alliance with the Russians, English, and French, sought to impede German unificationand French, sought to impede German unification

d.d. The Ottomans supported nationalism in the Balkans to The Ottomans supported nationalism in the Balkans to destabilize Europedestabilize Europe

e.e. The Ottomans and the French cooperated in colonizing The Ottomans and the French cooperated in colonizing North AfricaNorth Africa

52.52. Which of the following is true of both Russia and Japan by Which of the following is true of both Russia and Japan by 1914?1914?

a.a. Both were characterized by a high degree of ethnic Both were characterized by a high degree of ethnic homogeneity.homogeneity.

b.b. Both had effective democratic institutions that restrained Both had effective democratic institutions that restrained the power of their monarchs.the power of their monarchs.

c.c. Both had low rates of literacyBoth had low rates of literacy

d.d. Marxism had become a strong influence among urban Marxism had become a strong influence among urban workers in both countriesworkers in both countries

e.e. Rapid, state-sponsored industrialization had occurred in Rapid, state-sponsored industrialization had occurred in both countriesboth countries

53.53. During the 19During the 19thth century, Asian and African rulers century, Asian and African rulers usually desired transfer of which of the following usually desired transfer of which of the following western technologies most?western technologies most?

a.a. MedicinesMedicines d. Textile manufacturing d. Textile manufacturing equipmentequipment

b.b. WeaponsWeapons e. Chemical fertilizerse. Chemical fertilizers

c.c. Navigational Navigational instrumentsinstruments

54.54. In the 19In the 19thth century, the Ottoman and Austro- century, the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires were 2 examples ofHungarian empires were 2 examples of

a.a. Nationalistic Nationalistic empiresempires

d. Multinational d. Multinational empiresempires

b.b. Republican empiresRepublican empires e. Nation-statese. Nation-states

c.c. Colonial empiresColonial empires

55.55. Which of the following was among the first results of the Which of the following was among the first results of the European Industrial Revolution in other parts of the world?European Industrial Revolution in other parts of the world?

a.a. The beginning of the transatlantic slave tradeThe beginning of the transatlantic slave trade

b.b. Increased demand of commodities such as cotton and palm Increased demand of commodities such as cotton and palm oil oil

c.c. The search for oil in Africa, Asia, and Latin AmericaThe search for oil in Africa, Asia, and Latin America

d.d. Construction of textile factories in Africa and AsiaConstruction of textile factories in Africa and Asia

e.e. The partition of Africa by European imperial powersThe partition of Africa by European imperial powers

56.56. In the 19In the 19thth century, Latin American urban dwellers century, Latin American urban dwellers were most similar to western European urban were most similar to western European urban dwellers in which of the following areas?dwellers in which of the following areas?

a.a. Literacy and cultural tastesLiteracy and cultural tastes

b.b. Ethnic and racial compositionEthnic and racial composition

c.c. Export and import patternsExport and import patterns

d.d. Standards of livingStandards of living

e.e. Levels of literacyLevels of literacy

57.57. Of the following, which represents a challenge to Of the following, which represents a challenge to superpower domination by a smaller nation during superpower domination by a smaller nation during the Cold War?the Cold War?

a.a. Prague SpringPrague Spring

b.b. Helsinki AccordsHelsinki Accords

c.c. Brezhnev DoctrineBrezhnev Doctrine

d.d. Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

e.e. Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine

58.58. In what region of the world does the largest In what region of the world does the largest number of Muslims live?number of Muslims live?

a.a. EuropeEurope

b.b. North AfricaNorth Africa

c.c. The Middle EastThe Middle East

d.d. South and Southeast AsiaSouth and Southeast Asia

e.e. Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan Africa

59.59. The graph above suggests which of the following?The graph above suggests which of the following?

a.a. Throughout the world, more women than men work in Throughout the world, more women than men work in agricultureagriculture

b.b. The number of women working in agriculture worldwide The number of women working in agriculture worldwide decreased sharplydecreased sharply

c.c. A greater proportion of the agricultural workforce in A greater proportion of the agricultural workforce in Europe is female than is the case outside EuropeEurope is female than is the case outside Europe

d.d. Changes in the gender balance in eastern European Changes in the gender balance in eastern European agriculture countered the worldwide trendagriculture countered the worldwide trend

e.e. Few people work in the agricultural sector in Latin Few people work in the agricultural sector in Latin America and the CaribbeanAmerica and the Caribbean

60.60. Which of the following was the Which of the following was the most recent to experience rapid most recent to experience rapid growth in industrial output?growth in industrial output?

a.a. BrazilBrazil d. Canadad. Canada

b.b. GermanyGermany e. Japane. Japan

c.c. EnglandEngland

61.61. Mao Zedong and Mohandas Gandhi both appealed to Mao Zedong and Mohandas Gandhi both appealed to which of the following as a base of support?which of the following as a base of support?

a.a. Warlords, wealthy landowners, and merchantsWarlords, wealthy landowners, and merchants

b.b. Westernized elitesWesternized elites

c.c. Traditional rulersTraditional rulers

d.d. PeasantsPeasants

e.e. Urban factory workersUrban factory workers

62.62. Which of the following led to the most dramatic change in the Which of the following led to the most dramatic change in the status of Chinese peasant women in the 1940’s & 1950’s?status of Chinese peasant women in the 1940’s & 1950’s?

a.a. The policies of Chiang Kai-Shek that attempted to give rural The policies of Chiang Kai-Shek that attempted to give rural women more economic opportunitieswomen more economic opportunities

b.b. Maoist policies that banned arranged marriages, and made Maoist policies that banned arranged marriages, and made women an important part of the Communist women’s women an important part of the Communist women’s movement.movement.

c.c. The Christian missionaries and their work among peasant The Christian missionaries and their work among peasant familiesfamilies

d.d. The success of the Japanese during the occupation in making The success of the Japanese during the occupation in making men and women equal participants in the economymen and women equal participants in the economy

e.e. United Nations policies that provided women in rural China United Nations policies that provided women in rural China with resources and an educationwith resources and an education

63.63. Anti-colonial movements like the Congress Party in India Anti-colonial movements like the Congress Party in India and the Young Turks agreed on which of the following?and the Young Turks agreed on which of the following?

a.a. The need for reform in order to resist European The need for reform in order to resist European imperialismimperialism

b.b. The desire to return their societies to an earlier pre-The desire to return their societies to an earlier pre-industrial ageindustrial age

c.c. Their intent to engage in territorial expansions at the Their intent to engage in territorial expansions at the expense of their weaker neighborsexpense of their weaker neighbors

d.d. Their emphasis on purely linguistic nationalismTheir emphasis on purely linguistic nationalism

e.e. The need to persuade all anti-colonial movements to The need to persuade all anti-colonial movements to cooperate with European socialist partiescooperate with European socialist parties

64.64. Which of the following best describes Which of the following best describes the lithograph above by German artist the lithograph above by German artist George GroszGeorge Grosz

a.a. A propaganda poster prepared for the A propaganda poster prepared for the Nuremberg Rally by the Nazi PartyNuremberg Rally by the Nazi Party

b.b. A protest poster against the atrocities A protest poster against the atrocities of the atomic bombof the atomic bomb

c.c. A representation of a Holocaust victim A representation of a Holocaust victim from Dachaufrom Dachau

d.d. A post-First World War print A post-First World War print expressing antiwar sentimentexpressing antiwar sentiment

e.e. A twentieth-century exemplifying the A twentieth-century exemplifying the ideas of the Cubistsideas of the Cubists

65.65. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Chinese and the Mexican revolutions during the the Chinese and the Mexican revolutions during the twentieth century?twentieth century?

a.a. Both promoted imperialismBoth promoted imperialism

b.b. Both were supported by JapanBoth were supported by Japan

c.c. Both promoted religious educationBoth promoted religious education

d.d. Both were supported by an elite group of landlordsBoth were supported by an elite group of landlords

e.e. Both generated land-redistribution policiesBoth generated land-redistribution policies

66.66. Which of the following statements about Africa after 1946 is Which of the following statements about Africa after 1946 is true?true?

a.a. Most African colonies gained national independenceMost African colonies gained national independence

b.b. The Organization of African Unity resolved the issues that The Organization of African Unity resolved the issues that most African states found divisive.most African states found divisive.

c.c. Most African countries joined either NATO or the Warsaw Most African countries joined either NATO or the Warsaw PactPact

d.d. There was little postcolonial conflict in newly independent There was little postcolonial conflict in newly independent states.states.

e.e. Colonial patterns of trade disappeared.Colonial patterns of trade disappeared.

67.67. Which of the following countries experienced Which of the following countries experienced the most rapid economic growth during the the most rapid economic growth during the Second World War?Second World War?

a.a. ChinaChina d. The Soviet Uniond. The Soviet Union

b.b. GermanyGermany e. The United Statese. The United States

c.c. JapanJapan

68.68. By 1980 most industrialized countries reached a fairly By 1980 most industrialized countries reached a fairly stable population level, but population growth in non-stable population level, but population growth in non-industrialized countries continued at a very high rate. The industrialized countries continued at a very high rate. The most likely explanation for this difference is that,most likely explanation for this difference is that,

a.a. Climatic shifts resulting from global warming have caused Climatic shifts resulting from global warming have caused population decline in the industrialized countriespopulation decline in the industrialized countries

b.b. The “green revolution” was rejected by industrialized countries but The “green revolution” was rejected by industrialized countries but embraced by non-industrialized countriesembraced by non-industrialized countries

c.c. Farmers in industrialized countries concentrated on growing cash Farmers in industrialized countries concentrated on growing cash crops for export rather than food crops for domestic consumptioncrops for export rather than food crops for domestic consumption

d.d. Pollution in industrialized countries caused a decline in human Pollution in industrialized countries caused a decline in human fertility ratesfertility rates

e.e. Children are a more important source of labor in agricultural than in Children are a more important source of labor in agricultural than in industrialized societies.industrialized societies.

69.69. What do Israel, India, and Canada have in What do Israel, India, and Canada have in common?common?

a.a. Economies based primarily on the production Economies based primarily on the production of raw materialsof raw materials

b.b. Defense systems dependent on aid from the Defense systems dependent on aid from the United StatesUnited States

c.c. Parliamentary forms of governmentParliamentary forms of government

d.d. Two official languages at the national levelTwo official languages at the national level

e.e. One predominant state religionOne predominant state religion

70.70. The shaded areas on the map above of The shaded areas on the map above of South Africa indicateSouth Africa indicate

a.a. ““Whites Only” areas in the countryWhites Only” areas in the country

b.b. Areas of the original Dutch settlementsAreas of the original Dutch settlements

c.c. The reserves, sometimes called The reserves, sometimes called Bantustans or African “homelands”Bantustans or African “homelands”

d.d. Other independent African nationsOther independent African nations

e.e. Areas set aside to commemorate the Areas set aside to commemorate the location of Great Zimbabwelocation of Great Zimbabwe

Answer KeyAnswer Key