1 OWP112010 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Dimensioning ISSUE1.22

7/30/2019 1 OWP112010 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Dimensioning ISSUE1.22

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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

WCDMA RadioNetwork Coverage

Planning


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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2

Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the contents and process of radio network planning

Understand uplink budget and related parameters

Understand downlink budget and related parameters


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Contents

1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process

2. R99 Coverage Planning


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Capacity, Coverage, Quality

Capacity & Coverage

Users Cell Load Interference

Level Cell Coverage

Cell Coverage Cell Load Capacity

Capacity & Quality

Users Cell Load Interference

Level Quality

Quality ( BLERtar ) Capacity

Coverage & Quality

Quality ( AMR ) Cell Coverage

Capacity

Quality Coverage

COST


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WCDMA Radio Network Planning

Process

Radio Network Planning (RNP) Process

Step1 : Radio network dimensioning

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network


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Process

Step1 : Radio network dimensioning

Radio network dimensioning includes coverage

dimensioning and capacity dimensioning

Obtain the scale of sites and configuration according to

input requirements when the coverage and capacity are

balanced


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Process

Input & output of radio network dimensioning

Capacity Related-Spectrum Available

-Subscriber GrowthForecast-Traffic Density

Coverage Related-Coverage Region

-Area Type Information

-Propagation Condition

QoS Related-Blocking Probability

-Indoor Coverage

Input

Number of NodeB

Carrier configuration

CE configuration

Iub configuration

-Coverage Probability


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Process

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network Initial Site Selection

Based on RND, radio network pre-planning is intended to

determine:

Theoretical location of sites

Implementation parameters

Cell parameters


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Process

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction

Based on RND result, sites location, implementation

parameters and cell parameters, we should predict coverage

results such as best serving cell, pilot strength, overlapping

zone

We should carry out detailed adjustment (such as NodeB

number, NodeB configuration, antenna parameters) after

analyzing the coverage prediction results

Finally ,we obtain proper site location and parameters that

should satisfy coverage requirement


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Process

Step2 : Pre-planning of radio network - Prediction

Coverage by transm it ter :

Display the best server

coverage

Coverage by sig nal level:

Display the signal level

across the studied area

Over lapping zones:

Display the signal level

across the studied area


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Process

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Site Survey

We have to select backup location for site if theoretical location

is not available

Based on experience , backup site location is selected insearch ring scope , search ring =1/4R


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Process

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation

U-Net use Monte Carlo simulation to generate user

distributions (snapshots)

By iteration, U-Net get the UL/DL cell load, connection statusand rejected reason for each mobile

The example of Monte Carlo simulation:


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Process

The following takes coverage probability for an example to

further understand how Monte Carlo simulation is performed

100% 100%20% 60%

0% 75% 40%60%

Simulation

result

1st snapshot

3rd snapshot

2nd snapshot


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Process

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network Simulation

Generate certain quantity of network instantaneous state (snapshot)

Obtain connection performance between terminals and UTRAN by

incremental operation


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Process

Step3 : Cell planning of radio network - Simulation

Measure and analyze results of multiple snapshots to have a

overall understanding of network performance

Handover Status:

Display areas depending on the

probe mobile handover status

Pilot Quality (Ec/Io):

Displays the pilot quality across

the certain area

Pilot Pol lut ion:

Displays pilot pollution statistics

across the certain area


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Contents

1. WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process



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Contents


2.1 Process of R99 Coverage Planning

2.2 R99 Uplink Budget

2.3 R99 Downlink Budget


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Process of R99 Coverage Planning Goal of R99 coverage planning

Obtain the cell radius

Estimate NodeB number that could satisfy coverage requirement

Start

Link Budget

Cell Radius

NodeB Coverage Area

NodeB Number

End

Propagation model

Path Loss

R

R2

3*8

9RArea

23*23 RArea

areacoverageNodeB

areacoverageTotal

numberNodeB


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Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Propagation model

Propagation model is used for predicting the medium value of path loss.

The formula can be simplified under if the heights of UE and base station

are given

where: is the distance between UE and base station, and is the

frequency

Propagation environment affect the model, and the main factors are :

Natural terrain, such as mountain, hill, plain, water land, etc;

Man-made building (height, distribution and material);

Vegetation;

Weather;

External noise

Page19

),( fdfPathLoss

d f


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Cost 231-Hata Propagation Model

L : average prop agat ion loss

F:f requency

H:BTS height

C:correct ion factor

R:cel l radiu s

L =46.3 + 33.9 log (F) - 13.82 log (H)+(44.9 - 6.55 log (H))log (R) -C

Path Lo ss Equat ion

Abbreviat ion

C=4.78 (lo g (F))2+ 18.33 log (F) + 40.94

C=2 (log (F/28))

2

+ 5.4C=0.09 log (F) - 1.85

C=0.09 log (F) + 1.15

Rural

Suburban Urban

Metropol i tan

Environment Correct ion Factor


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Contents






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Uplink Budget Principle

Cable Loss

Antenna Gain

NodeBSensitivity

PenetrationLoss

UE Transmit Power

UE Antenna Gain

NodeB Antenna Gain

SHO Gain against fastfading

SHO Gain against Slowfading Slow fading margin

Fast fading margin

Interference margin

Body Loss

Cable Loss

Penetration Loss

Maximum

Allowed path loss

UPLINK BUDGET

Antenna Gain

NodeB reception sensitivity

SHO Gain

Margin

Loss


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Element of Uplink Budget

1. UE_TransmissionPower ( dBm )

The UE maximum transmit power is determined by the power class

of the UE, which is specified by the 3GPP standard

The Class 4 UE, with maximum power 21 dBm, are normally

considered due to their popularity in the market

Grade of UE powerTS 25.101 )

Power Class Nominal maximum output power Tolerance

1 +33dBm +1/-3dB

2 +27dBm +1/-3dB

3 +24dBm +1/-3dB

4 +21dBm +2/-2dB


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2. Body Loss ( dB )

For voice, the body loss is 3 dB

For the other service , the body loss is 0 dB

3. Gain of UE TX Antenna ( dBi )

In general, the gain of UE antenna is 0 dBi


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4. Penetration Loss ( dB )

Indoor penetration loss means the difference between the

average signal strength outside the building and the average

signal strength of first floor of the building

In terms of service coverage performance, micro-cells provide

an effective solution for achieving a high degree of indoor

penetration


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5. NodeB_AntennaGain ( dB )

6. Cable loss ( dB )

- Cable loss between NodeB and antenna

- Jumper loss between NodeB and antenna

- Connectors loss between NodeB and antenna

Sector Type Gain of Antenna (dBi)

Omni 11

2 Sector 18

3 Sector 18

6 Sector 20

CableLoss


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Path Loss and Fading

Path Loss - fading due to propagation distance

Long term (slow) fading- caused by shadowing

Short term (fast) fading- caused by multi-path propagation


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7. Slow Fading Margin

Slow Fading Margindepends on

Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge

The higher the coverage probability is, the more SFM is required

Standard Deviation of Slow Fading

The higher the standard deviation is, the more SFM is required

Received Signal Level [dBm]

ProbabilityDensity

Fthreshold

Coverage Probability @ Cell Edge:

P COVERAGE (x) = P [ F(x) > Fthreshold ]

SFM required

Without SFM

With SFM


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8. SHO Gain against Slow Fading

SHO reduces slow fading margin compared to the single cell case

SHO gain against slow fading can improve the coverage probability

SHO Gain against slow fading = SFM without SHO - SFM with SHO

SHO Gain Against SFM

0

1

2

34

5

6

7

98% 95% 92% 90% 85%Standard deviation=11.7

Path loss slope=3.52 Area coverage probability

(dB)


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9. Fast Fading Margin

Fast fading margin

required to guarantee fast power control

the factors affect FFM include channel model, service type, BLER

requirement

Uplink case: UE moves

towards the edge of the cell

Fast Fading Margin= Eb/No without fast PC - Eb/No with fast PC


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10.SHO Gain against Fast fading

SHO gain against fast fadingreduces the Eb/No requirement

SHO gain against fast fadingleads to a gain for reception

sensitivity

SHO gain against fast fadingexists for both uplink and

downlink (Typical value of SHO gain against FFM is 1.5dB)

SHO Gain Against Fast Fading = Eb/No without SHO

Eb/No with SHO


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11. Interference Margin in Uplink

Interference Margin is equal to Noise Rise

Higher cell load leads to heavier interference

Interference margin affects cell coverage

dBLogNoiseRiseUL

11010

UL Load

Noise

Rise(dB) Interference Curve in Uplink 50% UL Load 3dB

60% UL Load 4dB

75% UL Load 6dB


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12.NodeB Reception Sensitivity

Nth: Thermal Noise

NF: Noise Figure

Eb/No : required Eb/No to maintain service quality

PG: Processing Gain

PGNENFNsitivityceptionSen bth 0/Re


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Nth: Thermal Noise is the noise density generated by

environment and equals to:

KBoltzmann constant, 1.3810-23J/K

TTemperature in Kelvin, normal temperature: 290 K

WSignal bandwidth, WCDMA signal bandwidth 3.84MHz

Nth = -108dBm/3.84MHz

)**log(10WTKN

th


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NF: Noise Figure :

For Huawei NodeB, latest NFis 1.6dB

For commercial UE, typicalNF

is 7dB.


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PG: Processing Gain :

Processing gain is related with the service bearer rate, and the

detail formula is present below:

)ratebit

ratechiplog(10GainocessPr


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Eb/No is required bit energy over the density of total noise to

maintain service quality

Eb/No is obtained from link simulation

Eb/No is related to following factors

Service type

Multi-path channel model

User speed The target BLER


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Contents






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Downlink Budget Principle

CableLoss

Antenna Gain

UESensitivity

PenetrationLoss

NodeB Transmit Power

UE Antenna Gain

NodeB Antenna Gain

SHO Gain against fastfading

SHO Gain against Slowfading Slow fading margin

Fast fading margin

Interference margin

Body Loss

Cable Loss

Penetration Loss

DOWNLINK BUDGET

Maximum

allowed path loss

UE reception sensitivity

Antenna Gain

SHO Gain

Margin

Loss


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Element of Downlink Budget

Interference Margin in Downlink

Wherein, is non-orthogonality factor, f is the interference

ratio of other cell to own cell

Interference margin is equal to noise rise

N

DLMax

N

otherownN

N

total

P

CLPfNo

P

IIP

P

INoiseRise

/

Interference Margin

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

120 125 130 135 140 145 150

IM(dB)

CL(dB)

=0.6, = 1.78,

PMax=20W,

f

9.0DL

Case Study : R99 Uplink Budget


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Case Study : R99 Uplink BudgetComment

Factors Scenario Dense urban

Continuous coverage service CS64

Sector type 3 sector

Enviorment outdoor

TMA used FALSEChannel mode TU3

Max.TCH transmit power 21.00 a

Cable loss Tx (dB) 0.00 b

Body loss Tx (dB) 0.00 c

Antenna gain Tx (dB) 0.00 d

EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power) 21.00 e=a-b-d+d

Antenna gain Rx (dB) 18.00 fCable loss Rx (dB) 3.34 g

Body loss Rx (dB) 0.00 h

Noise figure (dB) 4.94 i=g+1.6

Required Eb/No (dB) 2.80 j

Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -118.20 k=j+(-108.16+i)-10log(3840/64)

Actual load (%) 0.50 l

Interference margin (dB) 3.01 m=-10log(1-l)

SHO gain over fast fading (dB) 1.50 n

Fast fading margin (dB) 3.60 oMin.signal reception strength (dBm) -128.09 p=k-f+m+n+o

Penetration loss (dB) 0.00 q

Slow fading standard deviation (dB) 10.00 r

Area coverage probability 0.95 s

Slow fading margin (dB) 6.57 t

Path loss (dB) 142.52 u=e-p-q-t

Uplink link budget

Case Study : R99 Downlink Budget


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Case Study : R99 Downlink BudgetComment

Factors Scenario Dense urban

Continuous coverage service CS64

Sector type 3 sector

Enviorment outdoor

TMA used FALSEChannel mode TU3

Max.TCH transmit power 36.00 a

Cable loss Tx (dB) 3.34 b

Body loss Tx (dB) 0.00 c

Antenna gain Tx (dB) 18.00 d

EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power) 50.66 e=a-b-d+d

Antenna gain Rx (dB) 0.00 fCable loss Rx (dB) 0.00 g

Body loss Rx (dB) 0.00 h

Noise figure (dB) 7.00 i=g+1.6

Required Eb/No (dB) 6.30 j

Receiver sensitivity (dBm) -112.64 k=j+(-108.16+i)-10log(3840/64)

Actual load (%) 0.75 l

Interference margin (dB) 4.58 m=-10log(1-l)

SHO gain over fast fading (dB) 1.50 n

Fast fading margin (dB) 1.70 oMin.signal reception strength (dBm) -104.86 p=k-f+m+n+o

Penetration loss (dB) 0.00 q

Slow fading standard deviation (dB) 10.00 r

Area coverage probability 0.95 s

Slow fading margin (dB) 6.57 t

Path loss (dB) 148.95 u=e-p-q-t

Downlink link budget


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1 OWP112010 WCDMA Radio Network Coverage Dimensioning ISSUE1.22

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