1 Mood Disorders Module 38
Dec 26, 2015
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Mood Disorders
Module 38
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Psychological Disorders
Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Explaining Mood Disorders
Link 58:53
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Major Depressive Disorder
Depression is the “common
cold” of psychological disorders. In a year, 5.8% of men and 9.5%
of women report
depression worldwide
(WHO, 2002).
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Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive disorder occurs when signs of depression last two weeks or more and are
not caused by drugs or medical conditions.
1. Lethargy and fatigue2. Feelings of worthlessness3. Loss of interest in family &
friends4. Loss of interest in activities
Signs include:
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Bipolar Disorder
Formerly called manic-depressive disorder. An alternation between depression and
mania signals bipolar disorder.
Multiple ideas
Hyperactive
Desire for action
Euphoria
Elation
Manic Symptoms
Slowness of thought
Tired
Inability to make decisions
Withdrawn
Gloomy
Depressive Symptoms
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Pharmacology
• Bipolar disorders most effectively treated with tricyclic antidepressants and Lithium Carbonate
• Lithium serves as a mood stabilizer
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SuicideThe most severe form of behavioral response
to depression is suicide. Each year some 1 million people commit suicide worldwide.
1. National differences2. Racial differences3. Gender differences4. Age differences5. Other differences
Suicide Statistics
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Suicide Rates in Various Ethnic Groups
Young Latinas have the highest rate of attempted suicide in the US compared to any other demographic.
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• Ever wonder why you did not read about your friend’s suicide in the paper or see news about it on tv…?
• Are the reporters just jerks who were IGNORING your friend…no,…they were actually doing the rest of us a favor!
Those jerks,…she was my best friend! How dare they disrespect my friend! @$
$^*(#$
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Suicide
• Publicizing suicide especially dangerous because of social proof.
• Auto and plane deaths increase after well publicized suicides…1000%
• The more publicity the more suicide• Within 2 months of every front page
suicide 58 more people than usual killed themselves from 1947-1968
• Cialdini, Influence
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• On March 27, 1977, on the island of Tenerife, two fully loaded 747 jumbo jets collided on a fog-blanketed runway, claiming the lives of 583 people in what is still the deadliest crash in aviation history.
……the number of people who die in commercial-airline crashes increases by 1,000 percent!
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Those wrists won’t cut themselves…
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Biological PerspectiveGenetic Influences: Mood disorders
have a genetic component.
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James D. Laird and Nicholas S. Thompson, Psychology. Copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Reprinted by permission.
Genetics & Risk of Mood Disorders
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The Depressed Brain
PET scans show that brain energy consumption rises and falls with manic
and depressive episodes.
Courtesy of L
ewis B
axter an Michael E
. P
helps, UC
LA
School of M
edicine
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Social-Cognitive PerspectiveThe social-cognitive perspective suggests that
depression arises partly from self-defeating beliefs and negative explanatory styles.
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Negative Thoughts and Moods
Explanatory style plays a major role in becoming depressed.
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Depression Cycle
1. Negative stressful events.
2. Pessimistic explanatory style.
3. Hopeless depressed state.
4. These hamper the way the individual thinks and acts, fueling personal rejection.