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UGANDA WATER SUPPLY ATLAS
2010
MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT
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Produced by: Directorate of Water Development, Ministry of Water & Environment, 2010
FOREWORD
The Government of Uganda signed-
up to the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) and is commied
to the implementaon of the re-
cently launched Naonal Develop-
ment Plan (NDP) 2010/11-2014/15,
among others. Pillar 7 of the MDGs,
aims at reducing by half the per-
centage of the populaon without
access to clean water by 2015. This
implies raising access to 75 % by
2015. Under the Naonal Development Plan (NDP) the Gov-
ernment of Uganda has commied itself to ensure that 77 %of its rural populaon has access to safe water by 2015.
The Ministry of Water and Environment, as the lead techni-
cal arm in pursuing these aspiraons, also has the duty to
eecvely monitor, document and report progress towards
the above targets, for public awareness and improved ser-
vice delivery of water services. During the period 1999-2000,
the Ministry collected data and published its rst Water Atlas
which was launched in 2004. The Atlas became one of the key
planning instruments used by District Local Governments and
also played a role of guiding the sector Ministry in strategic
planning and inter and intra district resource allocaon for
new investments for water service delivery.
Spurred by the contribuon of the rst Atlas, but also con -
cerned by the need to capture and reect new developments
over the last 10 years, a new exercise to update the rst Atlas
was launched in 2009. The exercise aimed to improve scope
and relevancy of the data, as well as strengthen capacity in
data management at central (MWE) and district level. Each
water source (namely; point water sources and piped water
systems, as well as dams and valley tanks) in Uganda was visit-
ed physically to establish its geographical locaon, operaonal
status, current management structure and to gather other im-
portant parameters. This exercise was successfully completed
earlier this year and covered all the exisng District Local Gov-
ernments (total of 79 districts as of June 2010). The informa-
on collected in the eld has been processed and analyzed
by the Ministry of Water and Environment and is presented
in this Atlas, using maps, charts and tables, backed up by nar-
rave secons that are easy to understand for both technical
and non-technical users.
More than one thousand people in the country, at various
levels, have been involved in making this exercise a success!
I therefore take this opportunity to thank all Sector Develop-
ment Partners, Local Governments, NGOs, the Private Sector
and the Government of Uganda for their involvement and sup-
port during the producon of this updated naonal water At-las. I also wish to parcularly recognize the eorts of the peo-
ple involved in collecng the data in the eld and the WATSUP
Team that harmonized, processed and edited the data and
other outputs in the Atlas.
I am condent that this Atlas, like the previous one, will serve
as an invaluable tool in mobilizaon and resource allocaon
in the sector and in informing all polical and administrave
leaders at the various levels and the people of Uganda about
the current situaon in the provision of safe water services in
the country.
Finally, as we put the Atlas to use, we should all remember and
aim to further improve both the sustainability of services and
equitable distribuon of water facilies.
For God and my country,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Water Supply Atlas 2010 has been prepared to provide
stakeholders with good knowledge and informaon on maers
concerning the current safe water supply coverage, funconal-
ity and distribuon of water among others.
Acknowledgment goes to all the sta of the Ministry of Wa-
ter & Environment especially the Management Informaon Sys-
tem Unit, Technical Support Units (TSUs) and sta of the Naon-
al Water & Sewerage Corporaon (NWSC) who commied their
invaluable me and eort towards the update and subsequent
producon of the Water Supply Atlas 2010.
We also would like to acknowledge the contribuon from the79 District Local Governments that funded the data collecon
using their District Water and Sanitaon Condional Grant, the
approximately one thousand district water and extension sta
involved in data collecon in the eld and the consultants who
worked relessly to have this Atlas produced.
The Ministry of Water and Environment is grateful to the Wa-
ter and Sanitaon sub-sector Development Partners (Denmark,
Sweden, and Austria) who provided the required funds through
the Joint Partnership Fund. The Austrian Development Coop-
eraon is also appreciated for their addional support for pro -
vision of consultancy services in the eld of GIS (database and
map development). Special thanks go to UNICEF for the support
it oered towards the prinng of this Water Supply Atlas 2010.
It is sincerely hoped that this Atlas will be a very useful tool for
all stakeholders towards improving the eciency and eecve-
ness in service delivery, reporng and accountability in the wa-
ter and sanitaon sub-sector. Kids catching water from a tap stand in Mbale District
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Produced by: Directorate of Water Development, Ministry of Water & Environment, 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ......................................................................... III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................... IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................. V
LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................ VII
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 1
1.1 General informaon and objecve ........................... 1
1.2 The Water Atlas Up-date Project (WATSUP).............. 1
1.2.1 Historical background ............................................... 1
1.2.2 Scope of the survey ................................................... 2
1.3 Responsibilies ......................................................... 2
1.4 Financing ................................................................... 2
1.5 Data up-date and WATSUP follow-up acvies......... 2
1.6 WATSUP Database operaon and products .............. 31.7 Disclaimer and improvement for future edions...... 4
2. EXPLANATORY NOTES .................................................... 5
2.1 General notes and key assumpons ......................... 5
2.1.1 Informaon presented in this Atlas........................... 5
2.1.2 Sources of informaon.............................................. 5
2.1.3 Administrave units and populaon gures ..................5
2.1.4 Disncon between rural and urban areas............... 5
2.1.5 Improved piped and point water supplies ................ 6
2.1.6 Abandoned sources .................................................. 6
2.1.7 Presentaon of NWSC informaon .......................... 6
2.1.8 Point water sources in urban areas........................... 6
2.1.9 Denion of Regions................................................. 6
2.2 Indicator denions and calculaon formulas.......... 6
2.2.1 Indicator denions.................................................. 6
2.2.2 Formulas ................................................................... 6
2.2.2.1 Access........................................................................ 7
2.2.2.2 Funconality ............................................................. 7
2.2.2.3 Equity ........................................................................ 7
2.2.2.4 Management ............................................................. 8
2.2.2.5 Gender ...................................................................... 8
2.3 Presentaon of charts, maps and tables in the Atlas 8
2.3.1 Introducon .............................................................. 8
2.3.2 Charts ........................................................................ 8
2.3.3 Maps ......................................................................... 9
2.3.4 Tables ...................................................................... 10
3. NATIONAL REPORT ...................................................... 11
Chart 1. Access per district .................................................. 12
Chart 2. Funconality rates per district............................... 12
Chart 3. People served by technology ................................. 13
Chart 4. Reasons for non funconality ................................ 13
Chart 5. Type of management ............................................. 13
Chart 6. Source of funding................................................... 13
Chart 7. Soware overview ................................................. 14
Chart 8. Period of construcon point water sources........... 14
Chart 9. Period of commissioning piped schemes .............. 15
Chart 10. Funconality per technology at naonal level..... 15
Map 1. Populaon density per district ................................ 16Map 2. Access per district ................................................... 17
Map 3. Funconality per district ......................................... 18
Map 4. Equity rates ............................................................. 19
Map 5. Deep boreholes in Uganda ...................................... 20Map 6. People served by deep boreholes ........................... 20
Map 7. Protected springs in Uganda ................................... 21
Map 8. People served by protected springs ........................ 21
Map 9. Shallow wells in Uganda.......................................... 22
Map 10. People served by shallow wells............................. 22
Map 11. Public Tap stands in Uganda .................................. 23
Map 12. People served by public tap stands ....................... 23
Map 13. WfP facilies in Uganda ........................................ 24
Map 14. Rainwater harvesng tanks in Uganda .................. 25
Map 15. Piped water supply systems .................................. 26
Table 1. Key facts ................................................................. 11
Table 2. Golden indicators ................................................... 27Table 3. Water supply situaon analysis .............................29
4. DISTRICT REPORTS ....................................................... 31
CENTRAL REGION
KALANGALA ......................................................................... 33
KAMPALA............................................................................. 37
KAYUNGA............................................................................. 39
KIBOGA ................................................................................ 43
LUWERO .............................................................................. 47
LYANTONDE ......................................................................... 51
MASAKA .............................................................................. 55
MITYANA ............................................................................. 59
MPIGI ................................................................................... 63
MUBENDE............................................................................ 67
MUKONO............................................................................. 71
NAKASEKE............................................................................ 77
NAKASONGOLA ................................................................... 81
RAKAI................................................................................... 85
SEMBABULE......................................................................... 89
WAKISO ............................................................................... 93
EASTERN REGION
AMURIA............................................................................... 99
BUDAKA............................................................................. 103
BUDUDA ............................................................................ 107BUGIRI ............................................................................... 111
BUKEDEA ........................................................................... 115
BUKWO.............................................................................. 119
BUSIA................................................................................. 123
BUTALEJA ........................................................................... 127
IGANGA ............................................................................. 131
JINJA .................................................................................. 135
KABERAMAIDO .................................................................. 141
KALIRO ............................................................................... 145
KAMULI.............................................................................. 149
KAPCHORWA ..................................................................... 153
KATAKWI ............................................................................ 157
KUMI.................................................................................. 161MANAFWA......................................................................... 165
MAYUGE ............................................................................ 169
MBALE ............................................................................... 173
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Produced by: Directorate of Water Development, Ministry of Water & Environment, 2010
NAMUTUMBA ................................................................... 177PALLISA .............................................................................. 181
SIRONKO............................................................................ 185
SOROTI............................................................................... 189
TORORO ............................................................................. 195
NORTHERN REGION
ABIM.................................................................................. 199
ADJUMANI ......................................................................... 203
AMOLATAR......................................................................... 207
AMURU.............................................................................. 211
APAC .................................................................................. 215
ARUA ................................................................................. 219
DOKOLO............................................................................. 225GULU ................................................................................. 229
KAABONG .......................................................................... 235
KITGUM ............................................................................. 239
KOBOKO............................................................................. 243
KOTIDO .............................................................................. 247
LIRA ................................................................................... 251
MARACHA-TEREGO ........................................................... 257
MOROTO ........................................................................... 261
MOYO ................................................................................ 265
NAKAPIRIPIRIT................................................................... 269
NEBBI................................................................................. 273
OYAM................................................................................. 277
PADER ................................................................................ 281
YUMBE............................................................................... 285
WESTERN REGION
BULIISA .............................................................................. 289
BUNDIBUGYO .................................................................... 293
BUSHENYI .......................................................................... 297
HOIMA............................................................................... 303
IBANDA.............................................................................. 309
ISINGIRO ............................................................................ 313
KABALE .............................................................................. 317
KABAROLE ......................................................................... 323
KAMWENGE ...................................................................... 327
KANUNGU ......................................................................... 331
KASESE............................................................................... 335KIBAALE ............................................................................. 339
KIRUHURA ......................................................................... 343
KISORO .............................................................................. 347
KYENJOJO .......................................................................... 351
MASINDI ............................................................................ 355
MBARARA .......................................................................... 361
NTUNGAMO ...................................................................... 365
RUKUNGIRI ........................................................................ 369
5. ANNEXES .....................................................................A1
Annex 1. WATSUP implementaon .....................................A2
Annex 2a. Watsup data collecon Form 1 ..........................A4
Annex 2b. Watsup data collecon Form 2...........................A5
Annex 3a. List of districts 2008 and 2010............................A6
Annex 3b. List of districts 2010 ...........................................A7
Annex 4. Ocial district, county and sub-county codes...... A8
Annex 4a. District codes ...................................................... A8
Annex 4b. County codes ...................................................... A8
Annex 4c. Sub-county codes................................................ A9
Annex 5. Sub-counes with rural and urban populaon... A13
Annex 6. Management and gender indicators .................A14
Annex 7. Details of piped schemes (excl. NWSC) ..............A16
Annex 8. Details of NWSC water supplies .........................A18
VI
CONTENTS
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
Avg Average
BH Borehole
CC City Council
CDO Community Development Ocer
DBH Deep Borehole
DP Development Partner
DRC Democrac Republic of Congo
DWD Directorate of Water Development
DWO District Water Oce(r )
DWRM Directorate of Water Resources ManagementDWSCC District Water and Sanitaon Coordinaon Commiee
DWSDCG District Water and Sanitaon Development
Condional Grant
EC European Commission
F Funconal
FY Financial Year
GFS Gravity Flow Scheme
GIS Geographical Informaon System
GoU Government of Uganda
GPS Geographical Posioning System
HH Household
IDP Internal Displaced Person
JPF Joint Partnership Fund
KCC Kampala City Council
KPI Key Performance Indicators
KSK Kiosk
LG Local Government
MC Municipal CouncilM&E Monitoring and evaluaon
MDG Millennium Development Goal
MIS Management Informaon System
MoLG Ministry of Local Government
MWE Ministry of Water and Environment
MWLE Ministry of Water Lands and Environment
NDP Naonal Development Plan
NF Non Funconal
NGOs Non-Government Organizaons
NWSC Naonal Water and Sewerage Corporaon
O&M Operaon and Maintenance
PS Protected spring
PPWS Pumped Piped Water Supplies
PSP Public stand post
QA Quality Assurance
RGC Rural Growth CentreRWHT Rain Water Harvesng Tank
RWSS Rural Water Supply and Sanitaon
RWT Rain Water Tank
S/C Sub-County
SIM Sector Investment Model
SIP Sector Investment Plan
SITAN Situaon Analysis
SPR Sector Performance Report
SSIP Sector Strategic Investment Plan
STWSS Small Towns Water and Sanitaon
SW Shallow Well
TC Town Council
ToR Terms of Reference
TOT Training of Trainers
TSU Technical Support Unit
UBOS Uganda Bureau of Stascs
UGX Uganda Shillings
UNICEF United Naons Internaonal Childrens Fund
UWSS Urban Water Supply and Sanitaon
VT Valley Tank
WASH Water, Sanitaon and Hygiene
WATSUP Water Atlas Update ProjectWfP Water for Producon
WRMD Water Resources Management Department
WSC Water and Sanitaon Commiee
WSS Water and Sanitaon Subsector
WSSB Water Supply and Sanitaon Board
WUC Water User Commiee
YT Yard tap
VII
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Produced by: Directorate of Water Development, Ministry of Water & Environment, 2010
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Generalinformaonandobjecve
The 2010 Uganda Water Supply Atlas is a result of a naon-
wide baseline data collecon exercise carried out during the
Financial Year 2009/2010. It is based on a full census involv-
ing physical visits to each water source in the country, by dis-
trict water and extension sta. This data has been validated,
stored, analyzed and presented here through the use of maps,
tables, graphs and gures. For each water source, in-depth in-
formaon such as geographical locaon, year of construcon,
source of funding, ownership, current management structure
and operaonal status was gathered by data collectors.
The objecve of this Atlas is to give an overview of the watersupply situaon in Uganda as of June 2010. More detailed dis-
trict, sub-county and parish informaon including maps, tables
and specic data sets are available on request from the Minis-
try of Water and Environment headquarters in Luzira. There are
plans to also host this informaon through the internet.
1.2 TheWaterAtlasUp-dateProject(WATSUP)
Accurate and up-to date records of exisng water sources in
the country are crucial for the water sector, as they are the
basis for esmang access to safe water supply and allocaon
of new investments . It is also used by government and non-
government stakeholders for purposes of policy formulaon,
strategic planning, resource allocaon and accountability at
naonal and both inter and intra district levels. It is also key
for measuring ongoing performance and monitoring follow up
acvies in the sector.
It is against this background that the Ministry of Water and
Environment (MWE) through its Directorate of Water Devel-
opment (DWD), formulated and kick-started the Water Atlas
Up-date Project (WATSUP), which aims at up-dang the in-
ventory of water sources last carried out about a decade ago.
The WATSUP is part of the ongoing iniave to revitalize the
Water and Sanitaon sub sector Management Informaon
System (WSS-MIS). The central objecve of the WATSUP is to
improve accuracy, validity and accessibility of water sources
informaon in the sector. This Water Supply Atlas of 2010 isthe ulmate output of that acvity. The following secons give
a detailed overview of the WATSUP implementaon.
1.2.1 Historical background
Between 1998 and 2002 informaon on exisng point water
sources was collected by the districts with nancial and tech-
nical support from the then Ministry of Water, Lands & Envi-
ronment (MWLE) through a naonwide1 baseline survey. The
collected data typically included informaon on technology
type, locaon (administrave & GPS coordinates), operaonal
status, source of funding and ownership. With the collected
data, the MWLE produced a Rural Water Atlas that included
district specic informaon on point water sources as per2001 and derived coverage gures. These were presented in
1 Pader, Kitgum, Gulu and Amuru were not covered by the baseline survey due to insecurity in
the region at the me.
tables, charts and maps. In parallel to the collecon exercise,
a database for storage and analysis of the data was developed
and installed in all districts. As part of the MWEs decentrali -
zaon iniave of providing each district with a WSS-MIS, all
districts were supplied with a computer, GPS receiver and
mapping soware. Training was also given to District Water
Ocers in data collecon, database management and GIS
based map producon.
The major challenge since publicaon of the Atlas 2001 has
been the lack of regular updang of databases in the districts.
Reasons for this include: high sta turnover, understang,
lack of resources and poor maintenance of the storage so-
ware (databases). Consequently, to establish safe water cov-
erage The MWLE /DWD has had to use data from the annual
inventory of water sources2 carried out by each District Water
Oce. This provides data on the number and funconality of
water sources at sub-county level. Checks on the submiedinformaon however indicate that in many districts the data
varies signicantly over the years and since the data is not
geo-referenced it has proven dicult for the MWE to validate
its accuracy. As a result, many districts complain that the pre-
sented water coverage does not correctly reect actual condi-
ons at the district level.
Given the importance of i) data on water sources as a basis for
sector performance monitoring and ii) the dicules of vali-
dang the data submied under the exisng system, the MWE
decided to launch the Water Atlas Up-date Project (WATSUP).
Providing informaon to the public on water sources is one
important way of increasing transparency and accountabilityin the water sector.
2 Referred to as the Annual Situaon Analysis (SITAN), submied by DWOs as part of the District
Water and Sanitaon Development Condional Grant Annual Reporng.
IDP camps water supply in Kitgum District.
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Produced by: Directorate of Water Development, Ministry of Water & Environment, 2010
(funconality) and other details of the exisng water sources
within their respecve districts. The updang process is of ut-
most importance for all plans, budgets and acvies carried
out in the water and sanitaon sub-sector in Uganda.
The above annual exercises will require ecient coordinaon
and funding. A separate budget line relang to regular data
up-date and analysis has been introduced in the work plan
and the progress reports under the District Water Supply and
Sanitaon Development Condional Grant (DWSSDCG).
In addion, each District Water Oce (DWO) is to ensure that
sucient funding under this budget line is allocated for the
updang of the data. Finally, it is foreseen that the data col-
lected through the WATSUP will be used for a number of ad-
dional acvies including; development of a standard pro-
cedure for wring-o (decommissioning) abandoned and/or
non-repairable water sources, pung in place a naonal wa-
ter source numbering system for sources/systems other than
boreholes (for which a naonal numbering system already ex-
ists) and evaluang the eecveness of current operaon and
maintenance (O&M) structures.
1.6 WATSUPDatabaseoperaonandproducts
During the previous baseline survey, a database (referred to asthe MIS/GIS Starter Applicaon Database) was developed for
storing and analysis of all data related to water sources. The
database was inially located at the central level but decen-
tralised to all the Districts4 in 2003. The database also captures
operaonal informaon about individual water sources, and is
linked to GIS soware, which is used to produce maps showing
geographical distribuon of water sources, among others. Un-
der WATSUP, the original database has undergone noceable
upgrading and now is referred to as the WATSUP database.
At the present me, the WATSUP database is operaonal at
the central level, where it is used to store, process and ana-
lyze all data collected through the baseline survey. A simpli -
4 Pader, Kitgum, Gulu and Amuru were not covered by the baseline survey due to insecurity in
the region at the me.
ed version of the database has also been installed at the TSU
level. It is expected that during the Financial Years 2010/11
and 2011/2012, a full version of the WATSUP database will
also be rolled out to all the TSUs and districts. The me frame
for roll-out will be determined district by district based on the
demand and technical capacity. The ulmate plan is also to
link TSU and district databases to the central system to allow
the general public to access selected informaon via the MWE
website.
The WATSUP database serves as a corner stone in the Water
and Sanitaon sub-Sector Management Informaon System
(WSS-MIS). Analysis of its data facilitates a large number of
standard reports. The informaon in this Atlas has been gen-
erated from the WATSUP database, however it can produce
many more reports than those presented here. In fact, any re-
port combining informaon as collected in the data collecon
forms (see Form 1 and Form 2 in Annex 2) can be produced.
Some examples of standard reports produced by the database
include:
1. Funconality and Access per administrave unit down to
parish level;
2. number of point sources per technology at district, sub-
county and/or parish level;3. number of non funconal sources per district, sub-county
and/or parish level, including specicaon of main reasons
for non-funconality and linkage to year of construcon;
4. operaonal status of communally managed sources, with
linkage to funconality of Water and Sanitaon Commiees;
5. details of composion of Water and Sanitaon Commiees
including specicaon of key posions held by women;
6. reason for non-funconality for piped water supply sys-
tems and linkage to source of funding;
7. electronic version of data collecon form for each wa-
ter source/piped system with details as per Form 1 and
Form 2 (refer to Annex 2).
TSU 8 Ofcer and data collectors from Kabale District in one of the inter-active WATSUP trainingsessions.
The District Water Ofcer, Koboko presents the district data collection plan together with an Ofcerfrom TSU 1.
INTRODUCTION
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In addion to the standard reports, the database can be que-
ried for specic informaon, such as: number of valley tanks
above 5,000 m, operaonal status of communally managed
boreholes per region, number of gravity ow schemes com-
missioned in the last ten years, number of non-funconal in-
stuonally owned point water sources in specic districts
or regions. The database also includes GIS related data for
use in producing themac maps at naonal, district, sub-
county and parish level.
Accordingly, and in order to bring the support services closer
to the districts, a decision was taken to as much as possible
decentralize the support to districts in GIS and data manage-
ment and provide it through the Technical Support Units.
In order to enable the TSUs to take up these new responsi-
bilies and to empower them with required skills, the MWE
formulated and implemented a capacity building program
aiming at strengthening the TSUs knowledge in all aspects of
data management. A number of trainings were carried out in
the course of the Financial Year 2009/10, e.g. data collecon
and mapping/techniques, database management and use
of GIS techniques in water sources mapping. The MWE alsopurchased GIS soware (ArcGIS 9.3) for all TSUs and selected
ocers from each TSU received in-depth GIS training. It is
envisaged that the TSUs will pass this knowledge on through
connuous provision of support to district sta under the su-
pervision of the MIS Unit.
1.7 Disclaimerandimprovementforfutureedions
This publicaon is a product of combined eorts of dierent
players. The MWE has made all eorts to ensure a high quality
input for the WATSUP database and subsequent outputs for
the Atlas. For certain outputs however, there are limitaons,
which are given in the explanatory notes.
This is the rst me that piped scheme and point source infor-
maon is presented together, which has resulted in some chal -lenges. For example, the informaon collected using Form 1
(point sources and taps stands) and Form 2 (piped scheme
informaon) do not always concur for overlapping data elds
(number of public and private yard taps). In the access calcula-
ons for the Atlas, the number of yard taps reported in Form 1
are considered as public yard taps (150 users per tap) while
the number of yard taps reported in Form 2 are considered as
private yard taps (24 users) have been used. Also, not all dis-
tricts have been able to submit informaon on piped schemes.
The MWE is working on priorizing future acvies for validat-
ing, updang, synchronising and integrang the two data sets.
Despite eorts to standardize data sets the Atlas likely sllcontains some minor errors in some of the outputs. Individu-
als and organizaons using the atlas are therefore encouraged
to contact the MWE, through their website (www.mwe.go.ug)
of any omissions and errors in order to ensure an improved
next edion of the Atlas.
4
INTRODUCTION