1 Different Video Properties Video Standards Different countries use different video standards for broadcasting Video standardCountries PALThe United Kingdom,

1 Different Video Properties Video Standards

Different countries use different video standards for broadcasting

Video standard Countries

PAL The United Kingdom, most countries in Europe, Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Australia

NTSC The United States, Japan, Taiwan

SECAM France, Russia

TV display standards in different countries

1 Different Video Properties Frames

Digitized video consists of a number of frames

Slightly different frames are displayed successively at high speed → continuous motion

A video actually consists of individual frames

Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Frame 8

Frame 9 Frame 10 Frame 11 Frame 12 Frame 13 Frame 14 Frame 15 Frame 16

1 Different Video Properties Frame Size

The width and height of individual frames Larger frame size → higher video quality

→ larger file size

Frame size Aspect ratio Application

720 × 576 5 : 4 PAL DVD

480 × 576 5 : 6 PAL SVCD

352 × 288 11 : 9 PAL VCD

240 × 180 4 : 3 Web video

160 × 120 4 : 3Web video or

video mail

Common video frame sizes

1 Different Video Properties Frame Rate

The number of video frames displayed on the screen in one second

Measured in frames per second (fps) Higher frame rate (above 24 fps) → smoother motion

Frame rate (fps) Multimedia system

30 NTSC TV

25 PAL TV

24 Movie films

15 Computer video or animation (such as Flash

movies)12Some common video frame rates and corresponding multimedia systems

1 Different Video Properties Codec (Compressor and Decompressor)

The software used to compress and decompress video files Compression reduces the storage space and the video access time

Original video

Compressed videoCompression Decompressio

n

Storage Decompressed video

(playback)This step requires the appropriate codec installed on user’s computer

1 Different Video Properties Codec

Different codecs use different methods to compress video

Some common codecsMPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4Windows Media Video (WMV)DivX

2 Capture Digital Video Concept

To capture digital video, it is necessary to haveA capturing device (a camcorder)A storage mediumVideo encoding hardware and software

Video encoding

hardware and software

Video capturing

device

Storage medium

2 Capture Digital Video Examples

Video capturing devicesDV camcorderDigital cameraWebcam

Video encoding hardware / SoftwareVideo capture cardMay use USB connection to the computer and encoded by a

software

2 Capture Digital Video Examples

A video capture card (top left) and an external video capturing device (bottom left). VideoStudio, the video capturing and editing software (right).

3 Common Video File Formats Audio Video Interleave (AVI)

Windows video format developed by Microsoft

Large file size in uncompressed format

The same 15-second AVI video in 3 formats

AVI (MPEG-4 codec)File size: 3.28 MB

AVI (Cinepak Codec by Radius)

File size: 13.1 MB

AVI (uncompressed)File size: 111 MB

3 Common Video File Formats Motion Picture Experts Group

(MPEG, MPG) A compression file format Preserves video quality yet supports

high compression ratio

3 Common Video File Formats Motion Picture Experts Group

(MPEG, MPG) A family of compression standards

Standard

Maximum resolution

Application

MPEG-1 (1992)

352 × 288 (PAL)

352 × 240 (NTSC)

Video CDs, interactive CD-ROMs and MPEG-1 MP3 music

MPEG-2 (1994)

720 × 576 (PAL)

720 × 480 (NTSC)

DVDs and digital TV broadcast

MPEG-4 (1998) -

Video in digital camera mobile phone and iPod

MPEG-4 can be as good as MPEG-2, but an MPEG-4 video is of a smaller file size

3 Common Video File Formats Windows Media Video (WMV, ASF)

A streaming compressed video format developed by Microsoft

Can be played by Windows Media Player

Windows Media Player

3 Common Video File Formats RealVideo (RV, RM)

A compressed streaming audio format developed by RealNetworks

Can be played by RealPlayer

3 Common Video File Formats QuickTime (MOV)

A streaming compressed multimedia file format on Macintosh computers

Can be played with QuickTime Player

QuickTime Player

4 Simple Video Editing Editing Movies

Common video editing skills include

Adding titles and

background music

Adding titles and

background music

Applying video filters

Applying video filters

Applying transition

effects between

video clips

Applying transition

effects between

video clips