04 ISO 12100_2010 (110218, ÀÓ¼º¼ö) (ÀÎ¼â¿ë)

지능형로봇지능형로봇 안전안전 표준표준 WorkshopWorkshop지능형로봇지능형로봇 안전안전 표준표준 WorkshopWorkshop

ISO 12100:2010ISO 12100:2010ISO 12100:2010ISO 12100:2010Safety of machinery Safety of machinery –– General principles General principles for designfor design Risk assessment and riskRisk assessment and riskfor design for design ––Risk assessment and risk Risk assessment and risk reductionreduction

2011. 2. 18

임성수

경희대학교 기계공학과

지능형로봇 표준포럼 성능/안전성 위원회 의장

IEC SC 59F/WG 5 의장

hi @kh [email protected]

ISO 12100:2010ISO 12100:2010

ISO/TC 199 Safety of MachineryS t i t DIN– Secretariat: DIN

FDIS V ti t i t d 2010 09 08 FDIS Voting terminated on: 2010-09-08

ISO 12100:2010 is available from – ISO national member institutes (표준협회)– ISO Store (www.iso.org)– Price 180 Swiss francs (21만원)

2

ScopeScope

The new ISO 12100 standard on risk assessment and risk reduction for machinery will protectreduction for machinery will protect – operators better and

help designers and manufacturers reduce safety hazards– help designers and manufacturers reduce safety hazards.

3

Levels of Safety StandardsLevels of Safety Standards

ISO/IEC Guide 51

ISO 기계계 IEC 전기계

ISO 12100

Type A기본안전규격

ISO 14121 모든 규격에서공통으로 이용할 수 있는 기본 개념.

설계원칙을 취급하는 규격

ISO 14119 인터로크 규격ISO 14120 가드시스템규격ISO 13849-1 시스템 안전규격ISO 13849-2 안전관련 부품규격ISO 13852 안전거리규격

IEC 60204 전기설비안전규격IEC 61496 센서일반안전규격

IEC 62046 센서응용규격IEC 61508 전기적안전기능규격

위치 격Type B

ISO 13852 안전거리규격ISO 13850 비상정지규격ISO 14118 갑작스런 기동방지규격ISO 13851 양손조작 제어장치 규격ISO 13856 매트센서규격

IEC 60947 스위치류규격IEC 61000-xx EMC 규격IEC 60076 트랜스규격

IEC 60079 방폭안전규격

yp그룹안전규격

광범위한 기계류에서 이용할 수 있는안전 및 안전장치를 취급하는 규격

ISO 13856 매트센서규격ISO 14122 계단류 규격

T CISO 10218-1, 2ISO 13482 Type C

개별 안전 규격특정한 기계에 대한 상세한 안전요건을 규정하는 규격

ISO 13482

4

Levels of Safety Standards Levels of Safety Standards

Type A Standard

- 기본 표준 (Basic Standard)

- 기계류에 적용할 수 있는 기본 개념, 설계원리 그리고 기타 일반적인 측면

Type B Standard

- 일반 표준 (Generic Standard)

- 넓은 범주의 기계류에 교차되어 사용될 수 있는 안전의 측면, 안전장치

Standard

Type C S

- 기계 안전 표준 (Machine Safety Standard)

- 특정 기계 및 기계 그룹별 안전 요구사항

Standard

- 특정 기계 및 기계 그룹별 안전 요구사항

※ Type C의 규격의 내용이 Type A, B와 불일치 하는 경우가 발생한다면T C의 규격 내용을 우선으로 한다

5

Type C의 규격 내용을 우선으로 한다.

ScopeScope

ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999(E) Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standardstheir inclusion in standards

ISO 12100-1:2003(E) Safety of machinery – Basic concepts, general principles for design – Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology

ISO 12100-2:2003(E) Safety of machinery – Basic concepts, general principles for design p g p p g– Part 2: Technical principles

ISO 14121-1:2007 Safety of Machinery – Risk Assessment– Part 1: Principles

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p–

ScopeScope

S f M hi S f t f M hiSafe Machine Safety of Machine

What does SAFE mean? T l bl i k

Risk, HarmHazard, Hazardous– Tolerable risk Hazard, Hazardous

ProbabilitySeverity

SafeWhat is RISK?

– Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the it f th t h

Safe

severity of that harm

Wh t i HARM? Wh t i SEVERITY? Wh t iWhat is HARM? What is SEVERITY? What is PROBABILITY? What does TOLERABLE mean? ? ? ? ?

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Guideline for Safety Aspects in StandardsGuideline for Safety Aspects in Standards

Safety– Level of freedom from unacceptable risk

Approaches aimed at reducing the risk arising from – use of products– processes – services

Need to consider complete life cycle of a product, p y p ,process or service – Intended use– Reasonably foreseeable misuse

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Terminology (1)Terminology (1)

Harm (상해) – Physical injury or damage to healthPhysical injury or damage to health

Hazard (위험원) Hazard (위험원)– Potential source of harm

Risk (위험도)– Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the– Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the


Hazardous situation– Circumstance in which a person is exposed to at least one hazard.Circumstance in which a person is exposed to at least one hazard.

The exposure can immediately or over a period of time result in harm

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Terminology (1) Terminology (1) -- ExampleExample

빙판길- hazard 빙판길 위를 걸어감 h d it ti빙판길 위를 걸어감-hazardous situation 빙판길 위를 걸어가다 넘어지는 성인(?) 중에 10%는 중증 골절

상을 입는다- risk

Risk– Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the p y


빙판길 위에 앉아 있으면?

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Hazard IdentificationHazard Identification

Systematic identification of bl f bl h d ( t h d d th– reasonably foreseeable hazards (permanent hazards and those

which can appear unexpectedly), – hazardous situations and/or– hazardous situations and/or – hazardous events

during all phases of the machine life cycleduring all phases of the machine life cycle.

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HazardsHazards

From 12100:201012100:2010

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HazardsHazards

From 12100:201012100:2010

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RiskRisk

RISK is a function of SEVERITY OF HARM and PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE of that harmPROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE of that harm.

PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE

SEVERITY OF

OCCU COFTHAT HARM

RISK

related to

SEVERITY OF HARM

that can result

Exposure of person(s)to the hazard

is a function

ofand

the considered hazard

that can result from the considered hazard

The occurrence of a hazardous event

of

The possibility of avoiding or limiting the

harm

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harm

RiskRisk

The risk associated with a particular hazardous it ti d d th f ll i l tsituation depends on the following elements:– the severity of harm;y– the probability of occurrence of that harm, which is a

function of• the exposure of person(s) to the hazard,• the occurrence of a hazardous event, and• the technical and human possibilities to avoid or limit the harm.

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Severity of Harm Severity of Harm

Severity of injuries or damage to health, for lexample,

– slightg– serious– deathdeath

E t t f h f l tExtent of harm, for example, to– one person– several persons

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Probability of Occurrence of HarmProbability of Occurrence of Harm

Exposure of persons to the hazardN d f t th h d– Need for access to the hazard zone

– Time spent in the hazard zone

Occurrence of a hazardous eventR li bilit d th t ti ti l d t– Reliability and other statistical data

– Accident history

Possibility of avoiding or limiting harmdiff t h b d t th h d( ) f l– different persons who can be exposed to the hazard(s), for example,

– how quickly the hazardous situation could lead to harm, for exampleexample,

– any awareness of risk

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To increase the safety we have to reduce the riskRi k R d ti– Risk Reduction

T l bl i k Tolerable risk– Risk which is accepted in a given context based on the current

values of societyvalues of society

Risk analysis (위험도 분석)S t ti f il bl i f ti t id tif h d d t– Systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk

Risk evaluation (위험도 판정) Risk evaluation (위험도 판정)– Procedure based on the risk analysis to determine whether the

tolerable risk has been achievedtolerable risk has been achieved

Risk assessment (위험도 평가)Overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation

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– Overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation

Risk EstimationRisk Estimation

RISK is a function of SEVERITY OF HARM and PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE of that harmPROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE of that harm.

RISK is a function of SEVERITY OF HARM and PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE of that harm.

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Risk Estimation Risk Estimation -- Risk Matrix Risk Matrix

위험수준별 등급화 및 그룹화를 통해 위험요소에 대한 위험수준을 간단하면서 빠르고 효율적으로 도출해낼 수 있음수준을 간단하면서 빠르고, 효율적으로 도출해낼 수 있음.

Matrix 구성 참여자의 능력에 많이 의존하는 형태로, 구성자의 능력에 따라 그 정확도의 편차가 심해 정확성이 떨어자의 능력에 따라 그 정확도의 편차가 심해 정확성이 떨어짐.

Probability of

occurrence

Severity of harm

Catastrophic Serious Moderate Minoroccurrenceof harm

Catastrophic Serious Moderate Minor

Very likely High High High Mediumy y g g g

Likely High High Medium Low

U lik l M di M di L N li iblUnlikely Medium Medium Low Negligible

Remote Low Low Negligible Negligible

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ANSI B11 TR3:2000

Risk Estimation Risk Estimation -- Risk GraphsRisk Graphs

Decision Tree를사용하는방법으로, 보호수단에따른위험감소의효과를확인할수있음감소의효과를확인할수있음.

Tree의가지수가많아지면전체적으로복잡해지고, 위험요소에대한인지가힘들어짐에대한인지가힘들어짐.

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Risk Estimation Risk Estimation –– Numerical Scoring Numerical Scoring

Risk Matrix 및 Risk Graph과유사한형태이나, 해당위험요소들에 Score를설정하여해당위험요소의중요도및위험성소들에 Score를설정하여해당위험요소의중요도및위험성을쉽게인지.

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Protective measures (보호 대책)M d t d i k– Means used to reduce risk

I h tl f d i (본질적 안전 설계 대책) Inherently safe design measure (본질적 안전 설계 대책)– Protective measure which either eliminates hazards or reduces the

risks associated with hazards by changing he design or operatingrisks associated with hazards by changing he design or operating characteristics of the machine without the use of guards or protective devices

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Why do we need 12100? Why do we need 12100?

Safety of Machine? Ri k R d ti ! EASY ?– Risk Reduction! EASY ?

– NO! NO! NO!

Confusion – Hazard, Risk, Harm ….

Lack of Information – What kinds of Hazards? – How to reduce the risk?

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Risk Reduction Process Risk Reduction Process Risk Assessment(designer)

Risk Analysis Definition of intended use Foreseeable misuseH d id tifi ti(designer) Hazard identificationRisk estimation

Ri k E l ti D t i h th th t l bl i k hRisk Evaluation Determine whether the tolerable risk has been achieved

Risk Protective Inherent safe design measuresRiskReduction

Protectivemeasures taken by the designer

Inherent safe design measuresSafeguarding and complementary protective measures

the designerInformation for use - at the machine (warning signs, signals,

warning devices)warning devices)- instruction handbook

Protective • Organization (safe working procedures, measures taken by the user

supervision, permit-to-work system)• Provision and use of additional safeguards• Use of personal protective equipment p p q p• Training

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Residual Risk Residual Risk Risk assessment

Protective measures implemented by designerdesigner

– Inherently safe design measures

– Safeguarding and complementary protective measures

– Information for use

Protective measures Protective measures implemented by user

– Education/Training– Supervision– Provision and use of

additional safeguards

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g

Risk Reduction ProcessRisk Reduction Process

Start

Determination of the Limits of the machinery (Clause 5)

Hazard Identification (Clause 6)Risk

Analysis

Risk Estimation (Clause 7)

Risk

Risk Evaluation (Clause 8)Assessment

Too High

Risk Reduction

Documentation

Has the Risk been adequately reduced? END

Adequate

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Adequate

Risk Reduction ProcessRisk Reduction Process

3 steps in design process

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Other TerminologyOther Terminology

ReliabilityM i t i bilitMaintainability Relevant hazard Significant hazard Guard Guard Interlocking guard Interlocking guard with guard locking Interlocking guard with guard locking Hold-to-run control device Sensitive protective equipment Impeding device Safety function Failure to danger Failure to danger

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Drafting (Type C) Safety StandardDrafting (Type C) Safety Standard

Safety aspects to be considered in the standard

Before drafting

Hazard identification Hazard identification Inherently safe design measures Safeguarding complementary measures Safeguarding, complementary measures Information for use

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Safety Aspects to be Considered (1)Safety Aspects to be Considered (1)

Intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse; Ability to perform under expected conditions of use; Ability to perform under expected conditions of use; Environmental compatibility; Ergonomic factors; Regulatory requirements;g y q Existing standards; Reliability; Reliability; Serviceability (including “service maintenance”, such as

ease of access to serviceable items method ofease of access to serviceable items, method of refuelling/lubrication);

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Safety Aspects to be Considered (2)Safety Aspects to be Considered (2)

Durability; Di bilit (i l di l t i t ti ) Disposability (including any relevant instructions); Special needs of users [e.g. children (see ISO/IEC Guide

50), elderly people, the disabled] of the product, Process or service; Failure characteristics;Markings and informationMarkings and information.

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Before Drafting (Type C) StandardBefore Drafting (Type C) Standard

Detailed working knowledge of the product, process or serviceservice

Accident/incident history Feedback based on experience by users of the product,

process or service Knowledge of the available protective measures Knowledge of the future development of the product, g p p ,

process or service Legal framework Legal framework

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Iterative Risk Reduction ProcessIterative Risk Reduction Process

3 step protective Risk Assessment(designer)

Risk Analysis Definition of intended use Foreseeable misuseH d id tifi timeasures taken by the

designer

(designer) Hazard identificationRisk estimation

Ri k E l ti D t i h th th t l bl i k hRisk Evaluation Determine whether the tolerable risk has been achieved

Risk Protective Inherent safe design measuresRiskReduction

Protectivemeasures taken by the designer

Inherent safe design measuresSafeguarding and complementary protective measures

the designerInformation for use - at the machine (warning signs, signals,

warning devices)warning devices)- instruction handbook

Protective • Organization (safe working procedures, measures taken by the user

supervision, permit-to-work system)• Provision and use of additional safeguards• Use of personal protective equipment

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p p q p• Training

Hazard Identification (1)Hazard Identification (1)

Hazards to be taken into account – Mechanical hazardMechanical hazard – Electrical hazard – Thermal hazard – Hazard generated by noise– Hazard generated by vibrationg y– Hazard generated by radiation– Hazard generated by materials and substances– Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles – Slipping, tripping and falling hazards– Hazard combinations– Hazards associated with the environment in which the

hi i dmachine is used

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Description Example(s) of related hazardous situations Related danger zone

Mechanical hazards

Crushing Movements (normal or singularity) of any part of the robot arm or additional axes Restricted space g robot arm or additional axes p

Shearing Movement of additional axes Around accessory equipment

Cutting or severing Movement or rotation creating scissors action Restricted space

Entanglement Rotation of wrist or additional axes Restricted space g p

Drawing-in or trapping Between robot arm and any fixed object Around fixed objects close to restricted space

Movements (normal or singularity) of any part of theImpact Movements (normal or singularity) of any part of the robot arm Restricted space

Electrical hazards El t i l bi t t iContact of persons with live par

ts (direct contact) Contact with live parts or connections Electrical cabinet, terminal boxes, control panels at machine

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ISO 10218-1:2006(E)


Description Example(s) of related hazardous situations Related danger zone

H d t d b l ti i i i l i th d iHazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in the design process

Unhealthy postures or excessive effort (repetitive strain) Poorly designed teach pendant Teach pendant

Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy Inappropriate location of controls

At load/unload work piece and tool mounting

tti itia o oot eg a ato y or setting positions

Inadequate design, location or identification of manual controls Inadvertent operation of controls At or near robot cell entification of manual controls

Inadequate design or location of visual display units Misinterpretation of displayed information At or near robot cell

ISO 10218-1:2006(E)

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Inherently Safe Design Measures (1)Inherently Safe Design Measures (1)

The first and the most important step

Inherently safe design measures are achieved by – avoiding hazards or reducing risks by a suitable choice of design

features of the machine itself and/or interaction between the exposed persons and the machineexposed persons and the machine

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Geometrical factors and physical aspectsT li d ki ( f t t t )– Traveling and working area (zone of movement, contact area,…)

– The shape, sharp edges and corners, rough surface, no protruding parts openings gaps between componentsparts, openings, gaps between components, …

– Limiting the actuating force (mass, velocity, acceleration…)– Limiting the emission (noise hazardous substances radiationLimiting the emission (noise, hazardous substances, radiation,

General technical knowledge regarding machine design General technical knowledge regarding machine design– Mechanical stresses and fatigue, Dynamic balancing, Materials and

their properties, …p p ,

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Choice of appropriate technology C id th ki diti d h i t– Consider the working conditions and choose appropriate technologies to eliminate/reduce risks

– Explosive atmospheres High temperature– Explosive atmospheres, High temperature, ….

Principle of the positive mechanical action of a component Principle of the positive mechanical action of a component on another component – Moving parts (driver-driven) need to be connected in the positive– Moving parts (driver-driven) need to be connected in the positive

manner (no free movement by the driven)

Stability – Geometry of the base, weight distribution, oscillation of the CG,Geometry of the base, weight distribution, oscillation of the CG,

characteristics of the supporting surface, external force,…– Consider the conditions of use

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Maintainability A ibilit f h dli li it ti f th b f i l– Accessibility, ease of handling, limitation of the number of special tools, …

Ergonomic principlesAll elements of the operator machine interface– All elements of the operator-machine interface

– Body size of the user, stressful posture, weight, location of buttons, ……

Preventing electrical hazard Preventing electrical hazard – IEC 60204 (Safety of machines- Electrical equipment of

machines…), IEC 61029, IEC 60745, IEC 60335,…)

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Preventing hazards from pneumatic and hydraulic equipmentequipment – Maximum rated pressure level, pressure surges, hazardous fluid, …

Minimizing the probability of failure of safety functions U f li bl t i t d f il d ( d i t– Use of reliable components, oriented failure mode (predominant failure mode is known), redundancy (duplication of components or subsystems), …subsystems), …

Reliability of equipment Reliability of equipment

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Mechanization or automation of loading (feeding)/unloading(removal) operations(feeding)/unloading(removal) operations– Automation to reduce the exposure of the operator to hazards

Location of the setting and maintenance points outside of danger zones – Danger zone (hazard zone): any space within and/or around

hi i hi h b d t h dmachinery in which a person can be exposed to hazard

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Control system Control system needs to avoid unforeseen and potentially– Control system needs to avoid unforeseen and potentially hazardous machine behavior

– Typical causes of hazardous machine behavioursTypical causes of hazardous machine behaviours• Unsuitable design or modification (accidental or deliberate) of the

control system logic• Temporary or permanent defect or a failure of one or several

components• unintended / unexpected start-up (see ISO 14118);unintended / unexpected start up (see ISO 14118);• a variation or a failure in the power supply of the control system

– Typical examples of hazardous machine behavioury• uncontrolled speed change;• failure to stop moving parts;• dropping or ejection of a mobile part of the machine or of a

workpiece clamped by the machine;• machine action resulting from inhibition (defeating or failure) of

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machine action resulting from inhibition (defeating or failure) of protective devices.


– Design consideration for control system • Starting of an internal power source/switching on an external Starting of an internal power source/switching on an external

power supply• Starting/stopping of a mechanism• Restart after power interruption• Interruption of power supply• Use of automatic monitoring• Use of automatic monitoring• Safety functions implemented by programmable electronic control

systems (H/W aspects, S/W aspects)• Principles relating to manual control • Control mode for setting, teaching, process changeover, fault-

finding cleaning or maintenancefinding, cleaning or maintenance • Selection of control and operating modes • Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)g p y ( )• Diagnostic system to aid fault-finding

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Safeguarding, Complementary Measures (1)Safeguarding, Complementary Measures (1)

Guards and/or protective devices shall be used to protect persons whenever inherently safe design does notpersons whenever inherently safe design does not reasonably make it possible either to remove hazards or to sufficiently reduce riskssufficiently reduce risks.

Guards– Fixed guard, movable guard, adjustable guard, interlocking guard,

i t l ki d ith d l ki i t l ki d ith t tinterlocking guard with guard locking, interlocking guard with a start function

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Safeguard gSelection for Moving Parts

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Selection and implementation of guards and protective devicesdevices – Where access to the hazard zone is not required during normal

operationoperation– Where access to the hazard zone is required during normal

operation p– Where access to the hazard zone is required for machine setting,

teaching, process changeover, fault finding, cleaning or imaintenance

– Sensitive protective equipment Can be sed for tripping p rposes for presence sensing for re initiate• Can be used for tripping purposes, for presence sensing, for re-initiate machine operation, …

• Light curtains, scanning devices, pressure sensitive mats, trip bars, …g g p p

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Protective measures for stability h b lt– anchorage bolts;

– locking devices;movement limiters or mechanical stops;– movement limiters or mechanical stops;

– acceleration or deceleration limiters;load limiters;– load limiters;

– alarms warning of the approach to stability or tipping limits.

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Other protective measures P ibl h d it ti– Possible hazardous situations

• when the operator has insufficient visibility of the hazard zone;• when the operator lacks knowledge of the actual value of a safety-when the operator lacks knowledge of the actual value of a safety-

related parameter (e.g. a distance, a speed, the mass of a load, the angle of a slope);

• when hazards may result from operations other than those controlled by the operator.

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– The necessary devices• devices for limiting parameters of movement (distance angle• devices for limiting parameters of movement (distance, angle,

velocity, acceleration);• overloading and moment limiting devices;• devices to prevent collisions or interference with other machines;• devices for preventing hazards to pedestrian operators of mobile

machinery or other pedestrians;machinery or other pedestrians;• torque limiting devices, breakage points to prevent excessive stress

of components and assemblies;• devices for limiting pressure, temperature;• devices for monitoring emissions;

d i t t ti i th b f th t t th• devices to prevent operation in the absence of the operator at the control position;

• devices to prevent lifting operations unless stabilizers are in place;de ces to p e e t t g ope at o s u ess stab e s a e p ace;• devices to limit inclination of the machine on a slope;• devices to ensure that components are in a safe position before

51

travelling.


Requirements for the design of guards and protective devicesdevices – Requirements of guards

Technical characteristics of protective devices– Technical characteristics of protective devices – Alternative types of safeguards

52


Safeguarding for reducing emissions N i– Noise

• Enclosures• Screens fitted to the machineScreens fitted to the machine• silencers

– Vibration• Damping devices

– Hazardous substances • encapsulation of the machine, local exhaust ventilation,…

– Radiation• Filtering and absorption screens guards• Filtering and absorption, screens, guards,….

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Complementary protective measures P t ti hi h ith i h tl f d i– Protective measures which are neither inherently safe design measures, nor safeguarding (implementation of guards and/or protective devices), nor information for usep ),

– Components and elements to achieve the emergency stop fun (ISO 13850)

• If a machine needs to be fitted with components and elements to achieve an emergency stop function to enable actual or impending emergency situations to be avertedemergency situations to be averted

– the actuators shall be clearly identifiable, visible and readily accessible;

– the hazardous process shall be stopped as quickly as possible without creating additional hazards. If this is not possible or the risk cannot be reduced, it should be questioned whether , qimplementation of an emergency stop function is the best solution;

– the emergency stop control shall trigger or permit the triggering of certain safeguard movements where necessary

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certain safeguard movements where necessary.


Complementary protective measures M f th d f t d– Measures for the escape and rescue of trapped persons

• escape routes and shelters in installations generating operator-trapping hazards;;

• arrangements for moving some elements by hand, after an emergency stop;

• arrangements for reversing the movement of some elements;• anchorage points for descender devices;• means of communication to enable trapped operators to call for help• means of communication to enable trapped operators to call for help.

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Complementary protective measures M f i l ti d di i ti– Measures for isolation and energy dissipation

a) isolating (disconnecting, separating) the machine (or defined parts of the machine) from all power supplies;) p pp ;

b) locking (or otherwise securing) all the isolating units in the isolating position;

c) dissipating or, if this is not possible or practicable, restraining (containing) any stored energy which may give rise to a hazard;

d) verifying, by means of a safe working procedure, that the actions takend) verifying, by means of a safe working procedure, that the actions taken according to a), b) and c) above have produced the desired effect.

– Easy and safe handling of machines and their heavy component parts

– Measures for safe access to machinery

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Complementary protective measures E d f h dli f hi d th i h t– Easy and safe handling of machines and their heavy component parts

• standardized lifting appliances with slings hooks eyebolts or tappedstandardized lifting appliances with slings, hooks, eyebolts, or tapped holes for appliance fixing;

• appliances for automatic grabbing with a lifting hook when attachment i t ibl f th dis not possible from the ground;

• guiding grooves for machines to be transported by a fork truck;• lifting gear and appliances integrated into the machinelifting gear and appliances integrated into the machine.

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Complementary protective measuresM f f t hi– Measures for safe access to machinery

• operation and all routine tasks relating to setting and/or maintenance, to be carried out, as far as possible, by a person remaining at ground , p , y p g glevel. Where this is not possible, machines shall have built-in platforms, stairs or other facilities to provide safe access for those tasks, but care should be taken to ensure that such platforms or stairs do not givecare should be taken to ensure that such platforms or stairs do not give access to danger zones of machinery.

• The walking areas shall be made from materials which remain as slip resistant as practicable under working conditions and, depending on the height from the ground, suitable guard-rails (see ISO 14122-3) shall be provided.p

• In large automated installations, particular attention shall be given to safe means of access such as walkways, conveyor bridges or crossover pointspoints.

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Information for Use Information for Use

General requirements L ti d t f th i f ti f Location and nature of the information for use Signals and warning devices Markings, signs (pictograms), written warnings Accompanying documents (in particular, instruction Accompanying documents (in particular, instruction

handbook)

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References References

ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999 Safety aspects — Guidelines for their inclusion in standardsin standards

ISO 12100-1:2003 Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology

ISO 12100-2:2003 Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles industrial robots — Coodi t t d ti l trdinate systems and motion nomenclatures

ISO 10218-1:2006 Robots for industrial environments — Safety requirements — Part 1: Robotments — Part 1: Robot

ISO 12100:2010 Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction

ISO 14121-1:2007 Safety of Machinery – Risk Assessment — Part 1: Principles

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감사합니다

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04 ISO 12100_2010 (110218, ÀÓ¼º¼ö) (ÀÎ¼â¿ë)

Documents

instruction handbook organization

personal protective equipment

safe working procedures

machinery basic concepts

risk analysis definition

emergency stop function

additional axes movement

complementary protective measures